CN119288791A - A wind turbine blade ice detection method, medium and system - Google Patents
A wind turbine blade ice detection method, medium and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN119288791A CN119288791A CN202411602778.XA CN202411602778A CN119288791A CN 119288791 A CN119288791 A CN 119288791A CN 202411602778 A CN202411602778 A CN 202411602778A CN 119288791 A CN119288791 A CN 119288791A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind turbine generator blade icing detection method, medium and system, the method comprises the steps of obtaining SCADA data, preprocessing the SCADA data to obtain power generation working condition data for analysis and diagnosis, aggregating the power generation working condition data, identifying scattered points where wind speed is not matched with power to obtain a power abnormal data set, identifying whether icing necessary conditions in the power abnormal data set are met to obtain a suspected icing data set meeting the icing necessary conditions, conducting steady-state data extraction on the suspected icing data set, conducting frequency conversion analysis by utilizing fast Fourier transform to judge whether 1P features exist in power, and judging that the wind turbine generator blade icing exists if the 1P features exist in power. The invention has the advantages of high ice coating accuracy, high reliability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the field of wind turbine running state monitoring and fault diagnosis, in particular to a wind turbine blade icing detection method, medium and system.
Background
The blade icing is used as a great challenge of the wind turbine generator in cold and humid environments, the power output and the power generation capacity of the wind turbine generator are remarkably reduced, the safety risk caused by ice dropping is greatly increased, and the stable operation of a wind power plant is seriously threatened.
Under specific climatic conditions, especially in winter, ice coating is easily formed on the surfaces of the blades of the wind turbine generator. The ice coating causes the weight increase of the blade and the pneumatic performance deterioration, so that the power output of the wind turbine generator is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the falling of ice cubes can also threaten the surrounding environment and personnel safety. Therefore, the method and the device accurately and timely detect the icing state of the blade, and are important for guaranteeing the safe operation of the wind turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a wind turbine generator blade icing detection method, medium and system with high accuracy and high reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting ice coating of a wind turbine blade comprises the following steps:
Acquiring SCADA data, and preprocessing the SCADA data to obtain power generation condition data for analysis and diagnosis;
aggregating the power generation working condition data, and identifying scattered points where wind speed and power are not matched to obtain a power abnormal data set;
Identifying whether the icing necessary conditions in the power abnormal data set are met or not, and obtaining a suspected icing data set meeting the icing necessary conditions;
and (3) extracting steady-state data from the suspected icing data set, performing frequency conversion analysis by using fast Fourier transform, judging whether the power has 1P characteristics, and if the power has 1P characteristics, judging that the wind turbine blade is icing.
Preferably, the characteristic frequency calculation formula of 1P is as follows:
F=Rgen/60/tr
Where F represents a characteristic frequency, R gen represents generator speed, and tr is a gear ratio.
Preferably, the SCADA data comprises one or more of wind speed, active power, blade angle, temperature, humidity, genset speed, torque, and active commands.
Preferably, the SCADA second-order data is preprocessed by removing shutdown data, fault data, limit power and limit power data.
Preferably, the icing requirements include humidity and temperature reaching set thresholds.
Preferably, the icing requirement further comprises a time period.
Preferably, the steady state data includes steady state rotational speed, and the steady state data includes grid tie rotational speed and rated rotational speed.
The invention also discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when run by a processor, performs the steps of the method as described above.
The embodiments of the present invention further disclose a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method as described above.
The invention also discloses a wind turbine blade icing detection method system, which comprises a memory and a processor which are connected with each other, wherein the memory is stored with a computer program, and the computer program executes the steps of the method when being run by the processor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The invention analyzes the formation mechanism and the expression formation of the icing of the wind turbine, and proposes to analyze the 1P characteristic value of the power time sequence data by utilizing the performance deviation of the wind turbine and adopting an information processing mode to effectively judge the occurrence of the icing condition of the wind turbine. The method has the following advantages:
(1) Spectral analysis provides new viewing angles
The fan is used as a rotating part, and the blade icing of the fan can cause the aerodynamic characteristic change of the wind wheel and the instability of mass distribution (wing-shaped change and the difference of icing position and speed), so that the periodic rotation characteristic of the wind wheel is influenced, and the periodic rotation characteristic is finally reflected on the output power of a generator and a unit. The frequency spectrum analysis is performed by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and these time domain signals can be converted into frequency domain signals, and the frequency components thereof are clearly shown. The purpose of spectrum analysis on the unit output power is to extract hidden key information in the power sequence, so that the physical rule is revealed. Under the icing condition, the power frequency analysis is carried out through FFT, and the wind wheel and the output power are revealed to show the same 1P characteristic. Therefore, the spectrum analysis provides an unprecedented brand new view angle for the icing detection of the unit.
(2) The accuracy and the reliability of blade icing detection are improved
The method has clear mechanism and clear principle and process of analysis means, so that the blade icing detection work can be carried out on the basis of more science and rigor. The spectrum analysis is used as an accurate signal processing technology, and can accurately capture the tiny change caused by blade icing by carrying out deep analysis on the spectrum characteristics of key parameters such as unit output power and the like. Such variations may be imperceptible in the time domain signal but clearly appear in the frequency domain, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the detection. Meanwhile, as the analysis process of the method is clear, each operation has clear basis and purpose, which is also helpful for improving the reliability of detection. In practical application, the ice-covering condition of the blade can be comprehensively judged according to the spectrum analysis result and other related information, so that a more accurate and reliable conclusion can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the rotor mass imbalance of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of wind speed versus power for the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mismatch between wind speed and power according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention of wind speed and power mismatch (3D).
FIG. 5 is a graph of a period of mismatch between wind speed and power according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourier transform process in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an FFT spectrum diagram of the wind turbine generator a according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for detecting icing on a blade of a wind turbine generator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
In order to better describe the technical scheme of the invention, the blade icing phenomenon is described:
The icing on the surface of the wind turbine blade is a random process and is unevenly distributed, so that the quality of the impeller is unbalanced. The equivalent of the impeller mass unbalance is that a virtual mass block m is added on three blades with equal mass, and the mass block rotates together with the impeller at an angular speed omega M, as shown in figure 1. The forces to which the mass is subjected during rotation mainly include its own weight mg and centrifugal force F e. Since the tower has very high rigidity in the vertical direction, the centrifugal force of the unbalanced mass block of the wind wheel mainly causes vibration of the wind wheel, the nacelle and the tower in the horizontal direction of the nacelle, and the component force of the centrifugal force in the horizontal direction can be expressed as:
Fx=Fe·sin(ωMt+φ) (1)
Where r is the distance between the unbalanced mass and the center of the hub (i.e., the radius of circular motion), ω M is the impeller rotational angular velocity, and Φ is the impeller initial position angle.
The equivalent mass block m rotates along with the impeller at the speed of omega M, and the gravity moment generated by the equivalent mass block m can cause the fluctuation of the rotating speed of the main shaft of the wind turbine. The unbalanced mass accelerates the main shaft in the process of rotating from top to bottom, and the equivalent mass decelerates the main shaft in the process of rotating from bottom to top, so that the periodic variation frequency is equal to 1 time of rotation frequency of the impeller.
And then analyzing the power performance deviation characteristic of the wind turbine generator under the icing condition:
when the wind turbine generator is in normal operation, the wind speed and the power corresponding scattered points are in a certain range above and below the theoretical curve to fluctuate, as shown in fig. 2. However, the wind turbine generator system can generate a phenomenon of mismatching wind speed and power during operation, as shown in fig. 3. There are many reasons for the point of power anomaly, such as power limiting, stall, icing operation, etc. After factors such as limited power, stall and the like are eliminated, and conditions such as ambient temperature, humidity and the like are combined, if the icing threshold is reached, the blade load operation caused by icing can be initially positioned, so that the output power is reduced.
Further analysis of the temperature profile is shown in fig. 4, and it is known that the data of the power anomaly is often accompanied by the characteristic that the temperature is lower than 0 ℃.
And further, performing outlier detection on power scattering points when the blade is iced by adopting an outlier detection method based on statistical distribution, and determining a time range in which abnormal data occur. For example, a wind farm selection unit A (unit parameters are shown in table 1) in the northern plain of China shows obvious power abnormality lower working conditions in 19 days-20 days of 1 month of 2024, and the power distribution of the power abnormality lower working conditions is shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 1 set A parameters
It has been mentioned in the foregoing description of the blade icing phenomenon that blade icing has a periodic effect with a frequency equal to 1 rotation of the impeller. And (3) carrying out steady-state data extraction on the suspected icing data time period, carrying out frequency conversion analysis by utilizing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and detecting whether the power of the suspected icing data time period has 1P characteristics, thereby detecting the icing condition of the blade.
Any continuously measured timing or signal can be represented as an infinite superposition of sine wave signals of different frequencies. The fourier transform algorithm constructed according to the principle uses the directly measured original signal to calculate the frequency, amplitude and phase of the different sine wave signals in the signal in an accumulated manner, and the conversion process is shown in fig. 6.
After the decomposition of the fourier transform, the original time domain signal is analyzed for the superposition of different sine wave signals, and the frequencies of these sine waves are analyzed to transform a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal. Some signals are very difficult to see what features are in the time domain, and features are easily seen if transformed to the frequency domain. This is the basic principle of detecting the generated power of the suspected ice-covered unit by FFT detection 1P.
The characteristic frequency calculation formula of 1P is as follows:
F = Rgen/60/tr (3)
Where F represents the characteristic frequency, R gen represents the generator speed, R gen/60 is because R gen is the generator speed per minute, the calculated frequency is converted into seconds, and tr is the gear ratio (see Table 1).
The wind turbine generator has two steady-state rotating speeds, namely a grid-connected rotating speed when grid connection is just performed and a rated rotating speed (see table 1), and in the case of icing, the fan is usually maintained at the rated rotating speed. By way of example of the aforementioned wind turbine A, the grid-connected rotational speed 1050 and the gear ratio 195 in Table 1 are substituted into the characteristic frequency expression (3) of 1P to obtain F.apprxeq.0.090 Hz.
And carrying out FFT screening on the power data of the grid-connected rotating speed working condition processed by the wind turbine generator system A at 2024/01/19-2024/01/20, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 results of FFT screening performed by unit A at 2024/01/19 to 2024/01/20
Therefore, the wind turbine generator A has 1-time frequency conversion fluctuation on the power signal, and a spectrogram of a part of the segments is drawn from the screened segments, as shown in fig. 7.
The power of the samples randomly selected for the time period in the table 2 is abnormal, and 1P characteristics exist, so that the basic characteristics of icing of the wind turbine generator are met.
As shown in fig. 8, based on the above analysis process, the method for detecting icing of a wind turbine blade provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically includes the following steps:
selecting SCADA second-level data comprising variables for analysis such as wind speed, active power, blade angle, temperature, humidity, generator set rotation speed, torque, active instructions and the like;
Removing shutdown data, fault data, limit power and limit power data according to a control strategy to obtain power generation working condition data for analysis and diagnosis, aggregating the data according to requirements, and identifying scattered points with unmatched wind speed and VS power to obtain a power abnormality data set;
Identifying whether the icing necessary conditions in the power abnormal data set are met, namely whether the humidity and the temperature reach set thresholds, if yes, obtaining a suspected icing data set;
and (3) extracting steady-state data from the suspected icing data set, performing frequency conversion analysis by utilizing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), judging whether the power has 1P characteristics, if so, judging that the blade is iced, and reducing the output power.
The invention analyzes the formation mechanism and the expression formation of the icing of the wind turbine, and proposes to analyze the 1P characteristic value of the power time sequence data by utilizing the performance deviation of the wind turbine and adopting an information processing mode to effectively judge the occurrence of the icing condition of the wind turbine. The method has the following advantages:
1) Spectral analysis provides new viewing angles
The fan is used as a rotating part, and the blade icing of the fan can cause the aerodynamic characteristic change of the wind wheel and the instability of mass distribution (wing-shaped change and the difference of icing position and speed), so that the periodic rotation characteristic of the wind wheel is influenced, and the periodic rotation characteristic is finally reflected on the output power of a generator and a unit. The frequency spectrum analysis is performed by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and these time domain signals can be converted into frequency domain signals, and the frequency components thereof are clearly shown. The purpose of spectrum analysis on the unit output power is to extract hidden key information in the power sequence, so that the physical rule is revealed. Under the icing condition, the power frequency analysis is carried out through FFT, and the wind wheel and the output power are revealed to show the same 1P characteristic. Therefore, the spectrum analysis provides an unprecedented brand new view angle for the icing detection of the unit.
2) The accuracy and the reliability of blade icing detection are improved
The method has clear mechanism and clear principle and process of analysis means, so that the blade icing detection work can be carried out on the basis of more science and rigor. The spectrum analysis is used as an accurate signal processing technology, and can accurately capture the tiny change caused by blade icing by carrying out deep analysis on the spectrum characteristics of key parameters such as unit output power and the like. Such variations may be imperceptible in the time domain signal but clearly appear in the frequency domain, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the detection. Meanwhile, as the analysis process of the method is clear, each operation has clear basis and purpose, which is also helpful for improving the reliability of detection. In practical application, the ice-covering condition of the blade can be comprehensively judged according to the spectrum analysis result and other related information, so that a more accurate and reliable conclusion can be obtained.
The invention also discloses a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when run by a processor, performs the steps of the method as described above. The embodiments of the present invention further disclose a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method as described above. The invention also discloses a wind turbine blade icing detection method system, which comprises a memory and a processor which are connected with each other, wherein the memory is stored with a computer program, and the computer program executes the steps of the method when being run by the processor. The product, medium and system of the invention correspond to the above method and also have the advantages as described in the above method.
The present invention may also be implemented in whole or in part by hardware associated with computer program instructions, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implementing the steps of the method embodiments described above. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, executable files or in some intermediate form, etc. Computer readable storage media includes any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), electrical carrier signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution media. The memory is used for storing computer programs and/or modules, and the processor implements various functions by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory and invoking data stored in the memory. The memory may include high speed random access memory, but may also include non-volatile memory such as a hard disk, memory, plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (SMART MEDIA CARD, SMC), secure Digital (SD) card, flash memory card (FLASH CARD), at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device, etc.
Noun interpretation:
the abbreviation FFT Fast Fourier Transformation, fast Fourier transform, is a highly efficient algorithm for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).
1P:1periodic, which term is generally related to the periodic nature of the rotating component, and "1P" refers to the signal characteristics corresponding to one complete rotation period.
And the grid-connected rotating speed refers to the rotating speed of the wind driven generator when the wind driven generator is integrated into a power grid to operate. The grid-connected rotating speed is an important index for evaluating the performance of the wind driven generator, determines whether the generator can efficiently and stably convert wind energy into electric energy, and meets the grid-connected requirement of a power grid
The rated rotation speed refers to the rotation speed of the wind driven generator under the rated power, namely the rotation speed of the motor in full load, so the rated rotation speed is also called full load rotation speed, and is one of important indexes for evaluating the performance of the wind driven generator.
The transmission ratio of wind power generation refers to the ratio of the rotation speed of a wind power generator shaft to the rotation speed of a wind wheel. Is an important parameter of a transmission system in the wind driven generator, and reflects the proportional relation between the rotating speed of a generator shaft and the rotating speed of a wind wheel.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (10)
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