CN119270932A - Dynamic adjustment method of azimuth and elevation angle of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking bracket - Google Patents
Dynamic adjustment method of azimuth and elevation angle of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking bracket Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The patent application discloses a photovoltaic double-shaft tracking support azimuth and elevation dynamic adjustment method, belongs to the field of control methods of photovoltaic panel supports, and aims to improve efficiency and economy of a system. The method comprises the following steps of S1, collecting time, longitude and latitude, photovoltaic panel posture and bracket installation parameters, S2, calculating a real-time position of the sun according to the time and the longitude and latitude, S3, carrying out anti-shadow calculation according to tracking bracket installation parameters to obtain an anti-shadow correction value, and S4, adjusting a bracket azimuth angle and an elevation angle according to the real-time position of the sun and the anti-shadow correction value. This scheme reducible shade shelters from, through the anti-shadow calculation to photovoltaic board installation parameter, can in time adjust the position of photovoltaic board, avoids the mutual shielding between the front and back row photovoltaic board, further promotes overall system's power generation capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of a photovoltaic panel bracket.
Background
With the development of solar technology, in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar panels, photovoltaic tracking systems have been developed. The construction of domestic centralized photovoltaic power stations faces the problems that available flat land is smaller and smaller, terrains are more and more complex, and land prices are more and more expensive. Especially, under the condition that the photovoltaic module technology is mature and the possibility of reducing the cost through the technology is smaller, the value of reducing the electricity cost and improving the project yield through the tracking bracket is more remarkable, and the photovoltaic module technology is accepted by the industry. The double-shaft tracking bracket technology in the tracking bracket is the most complex, and is also a structural form with the highest lifting power generation capacity.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN116795145B discloses a double-shaft tracking control method and a double-shaft tracking control system for a photovoltaic bracket, which are used for solving the problems of high requirements and low efficiency of the existing tracking control mode. The method comprises the steps that a GNSS module in a controller host acquires GPS signals to determine the current sun angle according to the GPS signals, and further determine initial tracking control information of the photovoltaic bracket. The method comprises the steps of obtaining weather information of a divided area range to determine key weather parameters, determining a corresponding dynamic limit search range based on a photovoltaic structure influenced by the key weather parameters, obtaining tracking control adjustment information based on optimizing of the dynamic limit search range, adjusting initial tracking control information based on the tracking control adjustment information to obtain target tracking control information, and receiving the target tracking control information by a controller slave machine to control a photovoltaic support to rotate a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft to track the photovoltaic support. The technical characteristics of the double-shaft bracket are not fully considered in the scheme, and a space for improving the working efficiency is provided.
Any discussion of the background art throughout the specification is not an admission that the background art is necessarily prior art to that known to those skilled in the art, nor is any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification that is believed to be widely known.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic azimuth and elevation adjustment method for a photovoltaic double-shaft tracking bracket so as to improve the efficiency and economy of a system.
The method for dynamically adjusting azimuth and elevation of the photovoltaic double-axis tracking bracket in the scheme comprises the following steps of:
S1, collecting time, longitude and latitude, photovoltaic panel posture and bracket installation parameters;
S2, calculating the real-time position of the sun according to time and longitude and latitude;
S3, performing anti-shadow calculation according to the installation parameters of the tracking bracket to obtain an anti-shadow correction value;
S4, adjusting the azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the bracket according to the real-time position of the sun and the anti-shadow correction value.
The scheme comprises a plurality of brackets, and a control function is provided for posture adjustment of the brackets by one calculation. This scheme reducible shade shelters from, through the anti-shadow calculation to photovoltaic board installation parameter, can in time adjust the position of photovoltaic board, avoids the mutual shielding between the front and back row photovoltaic board, further promotes overall system's power generation capacity.
According to the scheme, intelligent management and efficient operation of the photovoltaic double-shaft tracking support are realized by integrating various sensor data and combining an advanced control algorithm, so that the power generation efficiency is improved, the stability and the intelligent level of the system are enhanced, the operation and maintenance experience is improved, and obvious economic and social benefits are brought.
Further, the collected data includes natural environment data. The system can integrate various sensors to monitor environmental changes in real time, and timely respond in a targeted manner, so that stable operation of the system is ensured.
Further, solar PositionAlgorithm astronomical algorithms were used to calculate the sun position. The high precision SPA (Solar PositionAlgorithm) astronomical algorithm published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is more accurate.
Further, the time data is collected from a real time clock RTC chip. Time information can be accurately acquired, and a regular time setting mechanism based on GPS is adopted to eliminate time accumulation errors.
Further, the mounting parameters include the east-west spacing of the brackets, the north-south spacing of the brackets, and the size of the mounting assembly on the brackets. It is precisely calculated whether the front row of racks creates shadows on the rear row of rack assemblies.
Further, in S3, row spacing calculation is performed first, and then back-shading calculation is performed. The dual axis back-shadow calculation differs from the flat single axis in that the "front-to-back" row spacing varies and different yaw angles have different row spacing. The row spacing needs to be determined before a more accurate anti-shadow calculation can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operation flow of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
1. hardware structure
A plurality of double-shaft photovoltaic supports and photovoltaic panels are installed in a photovoltaic field, and tens of photovoltaic supports are shown as a group of subarrays, each subarray is provided with 1 communication controller (Net Control Unit, hereinafter also referred to as NCU), and a column of each support is provided with a tracking controller (Tracker Control Unit, hereinafter also referred to as TCU). The subarray system is externally connected with the SCADA monitoring system by adopting ModbuS RTU/MODBUS TCP protocol, and can realize the functions of remote control, statistical information display, individual information checking, parameter setting, wind speed record inquiry and the like under the conditions of heavy snow and other severe weather.
The NCU is arranged on the weather rod, the weather rod and the box transformer are deployed nearby, the LORA antenna realizes internal wireless communication, an RS485 and an electric Ethernet port are externally provided, and optical fiber access is supported. The NCU is responsible for collecting meteorological sensor information, collecting and managing subarray internal information and communicating outwards.
Sensor configurations in the NCU include a standard GPS, wind speed sensor, irradiance sensor, rain sensor, snow depth sensor. The wind cup manufactured by the high-strength aluminum alloy is light in weight, small in starting torque and low in inertia, and can truly reflect wind speed information and be used for judging whether a protection mode needs to be entered or not. The GPS data may obtain current geographic location information (longitude, latitude). The irradiance sensor data may measure the current solar radiation intensity for use in assessing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. The rainfall sensor data may detect rainfall for triggering a command to clean the photovoltaic panel or entering a protection mode. The snow depth sensor may detect snow depth for determining whether a snow removal procedure needs to be initiated or the attitude of the photovoltaic panel adjusted.
The TCU can receive time and longitude and latitude information of the NCU, drive the double-shaft tracking support to track light, receive instructions of the NCU in extremely severe weather, and perform operations such as wind prevention, snow removal and the like. The TCU adopts a wireless communication mode to interact information with the NCU, and periodically uploads operation data and fault alarm information.
Each set of TCU comprises 1 controller host, 1 six-axis inclination angle sensor and 2 sets of limit switches. The TCU of each group of double-shaft tracking brackets is independently driven, and the capability of individual tracking of a single bracket can be realized by adopting software and hardware in the prior art. The controller host and the limit switch are arranged on the upright post, and the six-axis inclination sensor is arranged on the main beam.
Biaxial adjustment may be achieved using prior art techniques, such as comprising the following major components:
And the base platform is used for supporting the whole tracking system.
The first rotating mechanism is arranged on the basic platform and comprises a first rotating shaft driven by a motor and a first rotating arm connected with the first rotating shaft, and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the east-west direction (azimuth direction) so as to track the east-west falling of the sun.
The second rotating mechanism is arranged at one end of the first rotating arm and comprises a second rotating shaft driven by a motor and a second rotating arm connected with the second rotating shaft, and is used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate in the north-south direction (zenith angle direction) so as to adapt to the vertical height change of the sun in different seasons.
The photovoltaic panel support frame is connected to one end of the second rotating arm and used for fixing the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel can be ensured to change the orientation along with the actions of the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism.
2. Tracking control algorithm
The control principle is that the sun position is combined with the closed-loop control of a six-axis inclination angle sensor (external), and the control principle has an anti-shadow tracking function. The control system calculates the current position of the sun, namely the altitude and the azimuth according to an astronomical algorithm. And detecting the inclination sensor signal by the control system to obtain the current angle of the tracking bracket. The control system drives the motor to operate, and drives the tracking bracket to operate to a position opposite to the current sun, so that the sun can be tracked at any time. The motor operates according to the flow shown in fig. 1:
1. Calculating the sun position:
The solar position can be accurately calculated according to time and longitude and latitude information by adopting a high-accuracy SPA (Solar PositionAlgorithm) astronomical algorithm published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and the accuracy can reach 0.0003 degrees.
A real-time clock RTC (real 1-time c1 ock) chip is configured in the bracket controller, so that time information can be accurately acquired, a GPS-based regular time setting mechanism is adopted, time accumulation errors are eliminated, and the problem of loss of a power-off clock is solved.
2. Tracking angle calculation:
according to the sun position (altitude angle and azimuth angle), the target rotation angle of the component can be calculated, and the inclination angle of the solar radiation on the east-west normal line and the component is ensured to be an included angle of 90 degrees.
3. Anti-shadow calculation:
According to the installation parameters (such as east-west spacing, north-south spacing and size of installation components on the support) of the tracking support, whether the front support generates shadows on the rear support components or not can be accurately calculated, and accordingly the tracking support is switched to a back shadow mode for tracking.
The dual axis back-shadow calculation differs from the flat single axis in that the "front-to-back" row spacing varies and different yaw angles have different row spacing.
Firstly, solving the variable row spacing calculation problem, and generating shadows between different brackets by using double-shaft brackets under different solar azimuth angles:
1) Sun azimuth angle-90 ° (n east), mid-stent shadows are produced on west stent;
2) Sun azimuth angle is-60 °, middle bracket shadows are still generated on the west bracket;
3) Sun azimuth angle is-45 °, middle bracket shadow is generated on north bracket;
4) Sun azimuth angle is-30 °, middle bracket shadows are still generated on north brackets;
5) Sun azimuth angle is 0 °, middle bracket shadows are still generated on north brackets;
The change of the front row spacing and the back row spacing is related to the east-west spacing and the solar azimuth angle of field installation, and the accurate spacing in the real-time solar normal direction is obtained through geometric calculation. The calculation steps are as follows:
1) The direction of sunlight is determined. Assuming that the direction of sunlight is a unit vector S, its coordinates in three-dimensional space can be determined by the solar Azimuth angle Azimuth and Zenith angle Zenith:
S=(cos(Azimuth)·sin(Zenith),sin(Azimuth)·sin(Zenith),cos(Zenith))
2) And calculating the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel. Assuming that the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel is a unit vector N, its coordinates in three-dimensional space can be determined by Yaw angle Yaw and Pitch angle Pitch:
N=(sin(Pitch)·sin(Yaw),sin(Pitch)·cos(Yaw),cos(Pitch))
3) And calculating an included angle between sunlight and the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel. The included angle θ can be obtained by vector dot product operation:
cos(θ)=N·S
4) The pitch in the direction of the solar normal is calculated. To obtain the pitch of the photovoltaic panel in the direction of the solar normal, the east-west pitch dx and the north-south pitch dy need to be projected in the direction of the solar normal. Firstly, constructing a plane rectangular coordinate system determined by the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel, and then projecting dx and dy into the coordinate system:
Dnorm 2＝(dx·cos(θx))2+(dy·cos(θy))2
And the theta x and the theta y are included angles between the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel and the east-west direction and the north-south direction respectively. These angles can be determined by the yaw and pitch angles of the photovoltaic panels.
After the effective row spacing is calculated, the inverse shadow calculation problem is decoupled into a planar geometric calculation. The calculation steps are as follows:
1) The projection of the photovoltaic panel under the sun is determined. Assuming that the direction of sunlight is a unit vector S, its coordinates in three-dimensional space can be determined by the solar Azimuth angle Azimuth and Zenith angle Zenith.
2) And calculating the normal direction N of the photovoltaic panel, and calculating the included angle theta between the photovoltaic panel and the sunlight direction.
3) And calculating the projection length of the photovoltaic panel. The projected length Lproj of the photovoltaic panel on the ground was calculated using trigonometric functions:
Lproj=h·tan(θ)
wherein h is the height of the photovoltaic panel from the ground, and θ is the included angle between the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel and the sunlight direction.
4) The projection direction is determined. The direction of projection is determined from the solar Azimuth angle Azimuth and the Yaw angle Yaw of the photovoltaic panel. The projection direction can be decomposed into components in the east-west direction and in the north-south direction.
5) The components of the projections in the east-west and north-south directions are calculated. Since the photovoltaic panel can rotate in two directions, the projected length needs to be resolved into east-west and north-south components:
Lproj,x=Lproj·cos(αx)
Lproj,y=Lproj·cos(αy)
and the alpha x and the alpha y are respectively included angles between the projection of the photovoltaic panel and the east-west direction and the north-south direction.
6) Shadow areas are determined. Using the projected components Lproj, x and Lproj, y, in combination with the east-west spacing dx and the north-south spacing dy, it is determined whether a shadow falls on the next row of photovoltaic panels.
If the projected length exceeds the east-west spacing or the north-south spacing, this means that the front row of photovoltaic panels will shadow the back row of photovoltaic panels.
7) The size of the shadow region is calculated. If the projection does fall on the back row photovoltaic panel, the size of the shadow zone can be further calculated. The size of the shadow area depends on the size of the photovoltaic panel, the length of the projection and its orientation.
And when the installation parameters comprise the east-west spacing of the support, the north-south spacing of the support and the size of the installation component on the support, determining whether the shadow falls on the next row of photovoltaic panels by combining the projection component with the east-west spacing and the north-south spacing, and if the projection component is larger than the corresponding east-west spacing or the north-south spacing, the front row of photovoltaic panels can generate the shadow on the back row of photovoltaic panels. If the projection does fall on the back row photovoltaic panel, the size of the shadow zone can be further calculated.
After the calculation of the anti-shadow is completed, when the shadow is judged to be formed, the direction of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted in advance, so that shadow shielding is avoided.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended to cover the application in the form of the application in its full scope. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (6)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202411382825.4A CN119270932A (en) | 2024-09-30 | 2024-09-30 | Dynamic adjustment method of azimuth and elevation angle of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking bracket |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202411382825.4A CN119270932A (en) | 2024-09-30 | 2024-09-30 | Dynamic adjustment method of azimuth and elevation angle of photovoltaic dual-axis tracking bracket |
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