CN119252176A - A Micro-LED display grayscale control method and display device - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种Micro‑LED显示灰阶控制方法、显示装置，涉及Micro‑LED显示技术领域。本发明针对现有Micro‑LED显示技术无法实现即时发光的问题，提出了一种Micro‑LED显示灰阶控制方法，所述控制方法是基于Micro‑LED的显示特性提出的PAM和PWM相结合的灰阶混合控制方法。其中，PAM调制采用集中发光实现对Micro‑LED灰度控制，PWM调制采用了子场分割的调制策略实现Micro‑LED刷新率的提升。本发明适用于Micro‑LED的显示灰阶控制。
A Micro-LED display grayscale control method and display device, relating to the field of Micro-LED display technology. Aiming at the problem that the existing Micro-LED display technology cannot achieve instant light emission, the present invention proposes a Micro-LED display grayscale control method, wherein the control method is a grayscale hybrid control method combining PAM and PWM proposed based on the display characteristics of Micro-LED. Among them, PAM modulation uses centralized light emission to achieve Micro-LED grayscale control, and PWM modulation uses a sub-field segmentation modulation strategy to achieve an increase in the refresh rate of Micro-LED. The present invention is suitable for display grayscale control of Micro-LED.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Micro-LED display, and particularly relates to a Micro-LED display gray scale control method.
Background
Micro-LED (LIGHT EMITTING Diode) display is used as a new generation display technology, and integrates the advantages of self-luminescence, high contrast, high brightness, high color saturation, high response speed, long service life and the like. Compared with Liquid crystal display (Liquid CRYSTAL DISPLAY, LCD), micro-LEDs have the advantages of high response speed, high conversion efficiency, high color saturation and the like. Compared with Active Matrix/Organic LIGHT EMITTING Diode (AMOLED) display, AMOLED has low brightness and burn-in problem when used for a long time with high brightness, and Micro-LED display can realize high brightness display without aging problem. Micro-LEDs enable higher density and thinner displays than Mini-LED technology. Based on the above factors, micro-LEDs are considered as a very potential next generation display technology. The TFT driving technology based on the glass backboard has the advantages of high heat conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, low temperature resistance, impact resistance, high electrical connection density, high flatness and the like, can meet the requirements of complex wiring and low cost, and is a development trend for realizing Micro-LED display.
For the Micro-LED gray scale control mode, two control modes exist in the current industry, namely, a traditional AMOLED device driving mode is adopted, an analog voltage control driving strategy is generally adopted at present, data voltages are written into grid nodes of driving TFTs and stored in storage capacitors, and driving currents with different magnitudes are generated, so that control of different gray scale levels is realized. However, the Micro-LED display technology is different from the traditional AMOLED driving mode, the Micro-LED is a current driving device, the current starting speed is extremely high, the required voltage change is tiny and about 0.3V in the process of changing from the lowest brightness to the highest brightness, compared with the AMOLED with the data voltage change range of several volts, the Micro-LED gray scale control method has obvious difference, and the Micro-LED gray scale control is not practical by adopting the traditional analog voltage driving architecture. Secondly, the single sub-field time is further subdivided by adopting a traditional passive driving mode and adopting a time slice modulation principle, and the gray level and the visual refresh rate of a picture are enhanced by cutting a modulation period into a plurality of time slices and independently adjusting each slice. The TFT-based driving technology needs to store the subframe data voltage into the capacitor, and uniform light emission after all the line scanning is completed, so that timely light emission cannot be realized.
In summary, a new gray scale control model needs to be developed for the display characteristics of Micro-LEDs to realize high gray scale display.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the Micro-LED display technology cannot realize instant light emission, the invention provides a centralized light emission driving strategy, namely a Micro-LED display gray scale control method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a Micro-LED display gray scale control method, which comprises the following steps:
The gray scale of the Micro-LED is controlled by adopting a PAM and PWM combined mode;
PAM modulation adopts a concentrated light-emitting method to control the gray level of Micro-LEDs;
PWM modulation controls the refresh rate of Micro-LEDs by using a modulation method of sub-field division.
Further, there is also a preferred embodiment, 0-The gray scale is modulated by a PWM,~The gray scale is modulated by PAM and PWM.
Further, there is a preferred embodiment,Is of (2)Expressed as:
;
;
Wherein, For the highest brightness value of the screen, n is the gray scale level of the display screen,In order to display the gamma index of the screen,Is a coefficient of proportionality and is used for the control of the power supply,For passing LED current.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the above concentrated light emitting method specifically includes:
And sequentially scanning each row of the display screen, after the scanning of any row is completed, not immediately exciting and emitting light, and storing the gray-scale data voltage corresponding to each row in a storage capacitor in a pixel circuit until all rows of the whole display screen are scanned, and uniformly exciting and displaying.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the modulation method for the above sub-field division specifically includes:
Dividing one frame display time into A modulation process;
and PWM and PAM mixed modulation is adopted in each sub-modulation process.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the gray scale control method achieves an overall gray scale level of:
;
;
;
Wherein, For the gray scale level achieved by PAM modulation,For the gray scale levels implemented for PWM modulation,In order for a frame of time to be a single,For LED response time, m is the number of different voltage analog values that the data voltage can take in one frame time.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the modulation data in each sub-modulation process is:
Wherein, As the reference data, there is provided,Is superposition data.
Further, there is a preferred embodiment,A sub-modulation step, wherein the total accumulated light-emitting time of the Micro-LED is as follows:
;
Wherein, The pulse width corresponding to the lowest bit.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the gray scale level isThe refresh rate at that time is:
。
The invention also provides a display device realized based on the Micro-LED display gray scale control method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. Aiming at the problem that the conventional Micro-LED display technology cannot realize instant light emission, the invention provides a Micro-LED display gray scale control method, which is a PAM and PWM combined gray scale mixed control method based on the display characteristics of Micro-LEDs. Wherein, PAM modulation adopts concentrated luminescence to realize Micro-LED gray scale control, and PWM modulation adopts a modulation strategy of sub-field segmentation to realize the promotion of Micro-LED refresh rate.
Further, the method comprises the steps of, the invention is characterized in that the ratio of the components is 0-0%The gray scale adopts PWM modulation, and the gray scale is controlled by dividing one frame time into a plurality of subfields and switching the subfields, so that the low gray scale expansion is realized, and the problems that the PAM can not accurately expand the gray scale and the color cast is caused by the chip wavelength drift under the low gray scale condition are solved. And at~And the gray scale adopts PAM and PWM mixed modulation, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the Micro-LED is improved when the high gray scale is displayed.
The invention is suitable for the display gray scale control of Micro-LEDs.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a timing diagram of concentrated illumination according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Micro-LED display employing a PWM+PAM hybrid drive scheme according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a subfield modulation strategy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept.
In a first embodiment, the present embodiment proposes a method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display, which aims at the problem that the existing Micro-LED display technology cannot realize instant light emission, and the method includes the following steps:
The gray scale of the Micro-LED is controlled by adopting a PAM and PWM combined mode;
PAM modulation adopts a concentrated light-emitting method to control the gray level of Micro-LEDs;
PWM modulation controls the refresh rate of Micro-LEDs by using a modulation method of sub-field division.
The embodiment proposes a gray scale hybrid control method combining PAM and PWM based on the display characteristics of Micro-LEDs. Wherein PAM modulation adopts concentrated luminescence to realize Micro-LED gray scale control. PWM modulation adopts a modulation strategy of sub-field division to realize the improvement of Micro-LED refresh rate.
In the second embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment specifically describes the implementation of gray scale control of the Micro-LED by using a combination of PAM and PWM in the first embodiment;
As shown in FIG. 2, 0 to The gray scale is modulated by a PWM,~The gray scale is modulated by PAM and PWM.
According to the Micro-LED display technical characteristics of the TFT, a mixed modulation strategy combining PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) and PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation, PAM) is provided, and according to the photoelectric characteristics of the LED, the nearly linear relation between the luminous intensity of the LED and the magnitude of the current passing through the LED can be obtained:
;(1)
in the formula (1), the LED emits light in a certain predetermined current range in the ON state And current through the LEDThe magnitude follows a linear relationship, wherein the proportionality constant is. Thus, the current of the LED can be finely adjustedThe intensity can realize the precise control of gray scale display, thereby achieving the ideal brightness adjusting effect, and the current flowing through the LED is determined by the following formula:
;(2)
Wherein, In order for the carrier mobility to be such that,Is used as a capacitor of an insulating layer,Is the gate-source voltage of the TFT,Is the threshold voltage of the TFT and,Is the aspect ratio of the TFT.
When other parameters are unchanged, the current can be linearly changed by changing the data voltage value, so that gray scale modulation can be realized by adjusting the data voltage.
For PAM modulation, data voltage within one frame timeThe value of (2) is not a level of not high, i.e. low, but hasAnalog values of different voltages, then by adjustingThe gray scale levels that can be achieved by the gray scale modulation of the analog voltages are:
;(3)
for PWM modulation, it is assumed that the pulse width corresponding to the lowest order bit is One frame time isThe gray scale levels that can be achieved without consideration of other factors are:
;(4)
Wherein, Is the LED response time.
The overall gray scale level that the system can achieve is:
;(5)
In the PWM and PAM hybrid modulation architecture, PWM modulation is used to implement low gray scale fine spreading under the low gray scale condition, and high gray scale modulation is implemented in the mode of PAM and PWM hybrid modulation under the high gray scale condition, and the modulation structure is shown in fig. 2. As can be appreciated from the figures of the drawings, ~Gray scale modulation is performed by PWM modulation~The gray scale is modulated by PAM and PWM.
From photoelectric transfer functionsIs of (2)Expressed as:
;(6)
Wherein, For the highest brightness value of the screen, n is the gray scale level of the display screen,Representing the display screen gamma index.
Is provided withPoint Micro-LED corresponding brightnessThe current value of (2) isThe following steps are:
;(7)
Wherein the method comprises the steps of Is a coefficient of proportionality and is used for the control of the power supply,To flow the LED current, the final value is obtained according to the project specific maximum brightness and the LED chip current。
The gray scale control method provided by the embodiment is 0-0%The gray scale adopts PWM modulation, and the gray scale is controlled by dividing one frame time into a plurality of subfields and switching the subfields, so that the low gray scale expansion is realized, and the problems that the PAM can not accurately expand the gray scale and the color cast is caused by the chip wavelength drift under the low gray scale condition are solved. And at~And the gray scale adopts PAM and PWM mixed modulation, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the Micro-LED is improved when the high gray scale is displayed.
In the third embodiment, the gray scale control of the Micro-LED is specifically described by using the concentrated light emitting method in the first embodiment;
And sequentially scanning each row of the display screen, after the scanning of any row is completed, not immediately exciting and emitting light, and storing the gray-scale data voltage corresponding to each row in a storage capacitor in a pixel circuit until all rows of the whole display screen are scanned, and uniformly exciting and displaying.
As shown in fig. 1, the centralized lighting strategy proposed in this embodiment is different from the existing instant lighting driving, and the strategy does not immediately excite lighting after one line of scanning is completed, but stores the corresponding gray-scale data voltage in the storage capacitor in the pixel circuit until all lines of the whole display screen are scanned, and then uniformly excites and displays.
The concentrated light emitting steps are as follows: selecting address stages for progressive scanning; Is a lighting stage. For the line scan signal, the on-off state of the switching transistor TFT in the pixel circuit is controlled, and at the same time, the input of the gray scale data voltage is ensured, for the n-type TFT,The switching tube is turned on when the voltage is high, and when the voltage is low for p-type TFTThe switching transistor TFT enters a conductive state when the signal is low. This embodiment will be described taking a p-type TFT as an example. After the switching transistor TFT is turned on, the data voltage is input to the gate electrode of the driving TFT and stored in the storage capacitor.In order to input the data it is possible,The specific operation flow is as follows:
(1) In the scan addressing phase, the switching TFTs for each row are sequentially activated, and each row is turned on for a duration of 3 μs. At this time, the data voltage is transferred to the driving transistor gate in each pixel circuit. At this stage, due to Phase control signalThe signal is high, which causes the drive tube to remain off, and all pixels do not emit light during this period.
(2) Entering into a lighting stage, and during a specific period of timeIn this case, all the row scan signals are low. At the same time, control signalThe pixel receiving the high-level data voltage does not emit light at the moment, and conversely, the pixel receiving the low-level data voltage begins to emit light, and the duration of the light emitting process is set to be a period。
At the position ofStage and stageThe switching TFTs of each row are activated in sequence as in the phase, with each row being on for a duration of 3 mus. At this time, the data voltage is transferred to the driving transistor gate in each pixel circuit. At this stage, due toPhase control signalThe signal is high, and the drive tube is kept in the closed state due to the high level, and all the pixels do not emit light in the periodIn the stage, all the line scanning signals are low level. At the same time, control signalThe signal is also turned to low potential, the pixels receiving high level data voltage do not emit light at this time, and conversely, the pixels receiving low level data voltage begin to emit light, the duration of the light emitting process is set to be the set period. The rest areStage and stage、The same is true of the fact that,Voltage state and voltage state、The same, the light emitting duration is respectively. In practical application, the lighting sequence of each pixel in the lighting stage can be flexibly adjusted, but the lighting time length proportion of each pixel needs to be ensured to keep a preset relationship unchanged:。
a fourth embodiment, referring to fig. 3, describes the present embodiment, specifically describing the implementation of the refresh rate control of the Micro-LED by using the modulation method of sub-field division in the first embodiment;
Dividing one frame display time into A modulation process;
and PWM and PAM mixed modulation is adopted in each sub-modulation process.
In order to achieve higher refresh rate and better viewing effect, the embodiment divides one frame display time intoAnd a modulation process as shown in fig. 3. The PWM modulation and PAM modulation cooperate with each other during each sub-modulation. To realizeGray scale is exemplified as gray scale dataTo represent. Then a gray level modulation process is divided intoSub-modulation process for simultaneously converting gray-scale dataIs divided intoAndTwo parts, which can be called reference data and superimposed data, respectivelyAndTo represent. During the modulation process, the reference data is allocated toIn the sub-modulation process, incremental data is superimposedIn the reference data in the sub-modulation process, gray-scale data in each sub-modulation process is usedTo represent. The relationship among the reference data, the superimposed data and the modulated data is:
;(8)
At the position of In the processing process of the modulated signals, the signals are orderly overlapped on a time axis, and mutual fusion is realized on a space dimension. The model fully utilizes the complementary advantages in time and space, and provides a brand new solution for improving the display effect of Micro-LEDs.
From theoretical elucidation of the hybrid modulation model, it can be deduced that the experience isDuring the sub-modulation step, the total time for the LED to emit light cumulatively is:
;(9)
Wherein, The pulse width corresponding to the lowest bit.
The refresh rate of the LED display can be found as:
;(10)
Wherein, the gray scale data Can be expressed as binary of (a)Then,,The sizes of (2) are respectively as follows:
;(11)
by introducing the formula (11) into (9)
;(12)
Then for gray scale levelsIn one complete modulation process, the LED is excited for the following time:
;(13)
As can be seen from equation (13), in The total time of LED light emission in the sub-modulation stage is equal to the total time of Micro-LED light emission in one complete gray scale modulation period.
Because Micro-LED display adopts TFT technology to drive display, each sub-modulation process scans all lines in the modulation process, and light-emitting display is performed after scanning is completed, gray-scale data can be refreshed only once, and then the visual refresh rate and the overall display refresh rate are unequal at the moment. The visual refresh rate at this time isThe refresh rate of the sub-modulation period, then there is:
;(14)
from the above formula, it can be seen that the total sub-modulation time is consistent with the Micro-LED light emission time in a complete gray scale modulation process. Then there are:
;(15)
Then there are:
;(16)
As can be seen from the formula (16), the visual refresh frequency of the Micro-LED display screen is unequal to the refresh frequency of the display screen by adopting the mixed modulation strategy, and the visual refresh rate is improved to the original value Multiple times.
In a fifth embodiment, the present embodiment is a verification description of a Micro-LED display gray scale control method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments;
The gray level of the system required for Micro-LED to realize uniform gray level display is 12-bit, and the above formula (5) shows that the gray level of the hybrid driving model provided in this embodiment can be obtained by superposition of analog voltage PAM and PWM modulation, respectively -Bit andBit indicates that the overlay scheme is shown in table 1, and among the various schemes in the table, an appropriate overlay scheme needs to be selected according to the Micro-LED display characteristics.
TABLE 1
Taking a display screen with a driving resolution of 1920×1080 as an example, the TFT-based Micro-LED display technology needs to consider the response time of the TFT to ensure that the whole pixel circuit can work normally, and the time is typically 3 μs, so that the minimum light emitting time is achievedMu s, line sweep time isΜs, overall light emission time is:
(17)
(18)
While Is limited by the number of subfieldsThe range of values of (2) is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table 2,The values of (2) and (4) are only taken, and the following discussion is made for the two cases.
(1) When (when)Time of lightingMu s, the gray scale level achieved by PWM modulation at this time can be obtained from the above equation (4) and equation (5)Then at this timeThe refresh rate is 120Hz. From the above equation (3), the analog voltage is requiredThe gray scale modulation of 2-bit is realized by different analog voltage values, and the refresh rate is improved by 2 times at the moment to reach 120Hz.
(2) When (when)At the time of (1) light emission timeMu s, the gray scale level achieved by PWM modulation at this time can be obtained from the above equation (4) and equation (5)Then at this timeThe refresh rate was 240Hz. From equation (3) the analog voltage requirement at this timeAnd different analog voltage values are used for realizing the gray scale modulation of 2-bit. It can be seen that 8-bit PWM modulation data is superimposed on 4-bit PAM data to achieve a 12-bit gray scale level, at which time the refresh rate is doubled to 240Hz.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not limited to the present invention, and various modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A Micro-LED display gray scale control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The gray scale of the Micro-LED is controlled by adopting a PAM and PWM combined mode;
PAM modulation adopts a concentrated light-emitting method to control the gray level of Micro-LEDs;
PWM modulation controls the refresh rate of Micro-LEDs by using a modulation method of sub-field division.
2. The Micro-LED display gray scale control method according to claim 1, wherein 0-0% is adoptedThe gray scale is modulated by a PWM,~The gray scale is modulated by PAM and PWM.
3. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 2, wherein,Is of (2)Expressed as:
;
;
Wherein, For the highest brightness value of the screen, n is the gray scale level of the display screen,In order to display the gamma index of the screen,Is a coefficient of proportionality and is used for the control of the power supply,For passing LED current.
4. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated light emitting method specifically comprises:
And sequentially scanning each row of the display screen, after the scanning of any row is completed, not immediately exciting and emitting light, and storing the gray-scale data voltage corresponding to each row in a storage capacitor in a pixel circuit until all rows of the whole display screen are scanned, and uniformly exciting and displaying.
5. The Micro-LED display gray scale control method according to claim 1, wherein the modulation method of the sub-field division is specifically as follows:
Dividing one frame display time into A modulation process;
and PWM and PAM mixed modulation is adopted in each sub-modulation process.
6. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 5, wherein the gray scale control method is implemented with the following total gray scale levels:
;
;
;
Wherein, For the gray scale level achieved by PAM modulation,For the gray scale levels implemented for PWM modulation,In order for a frame of time to be a single,For LED response time, m is the number of different voltage analog values that the data voltage can take in one frame time.
7. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 5, wherein the modulation data in each sub-modulation process is:
;
Wherein, As the reference data, there is provided,Is superposition data.
8. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 7, wherein,A sub-modulation step, wherein the total accumulated light-emitting time of the Micro-LED is as follows:
;
Wherein, The pulse width corresponding to the lowest bit.
9. The method for controlling gray scale of Micro-LED display according to claim 8, wherein the gray scale isThe refresh rate at that time is:
。
10. A display device, characterized in that it is realized based on a Micro-LED display gray scale control method according to any one of claims 1-9.
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