CN119251033A - A high-dimensional comprehensive method for evaluating the dynamic changes of ecosystem biodiversity - Google Patents
A high-dimensional comprehensive method for evaluating the dynamic changes of ecosystem biodiversity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高维度综合评估生态系统生物多样性动态变化的方法，首先在目标生态系统中随机选取若干实验区，然后在每个实验区随机采集若干个平行样并从当地生态监测站的数据库中提取出该地历史生物类群监测数据，最后从种类丰富度、功能丰富度、系统发育丰富度、群落间的种类相异度、功能相异度以及系统发育相异度六个关键维度分析计算目标类群的生物多样性综合变化指数。本发明方法为生物多样性变化提供了一个整体的衡量标准，有效的解决了因多样性指标选择不同带来的评估误差，为全球保护目标的横向管理提供科学依据。
The present invention relates to a method for high-dimensional comprehensive assessment of the dynamic changes of ecosystem biodiversity. First, several experimental areas are randomly selected in the target ecosystem, and then several parallel samples are randomly collected in each experimental area and the historical biological group monitoring data of the area is extracted from the database of the local ecological monitoring station. Finally, the comprehensive biodiversity change index of the target group is analyzed and calculated from six key dimensions: species richness, functional richness, phylogenetic richness, species dissimilarity between communities, functional dissimilarity, and phylogenetic dissimilarity. The method of the present invention provides an overall measurement standard for biodiversity changes, effectively solves the assessment errors caused by different selections of diversity indicators, and provides a scientific basis for the horizontal management of global protection goals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for comprehensively evaluating the dynamic change of biological diversity of an ecological system in a high dimension, belonging to the technical field of ecological system diversity evaluation.
Background
Biodiversity refers to the ecological complex formed by organisms and the environment and the sum of various ecological processes related to the ecological complex, and comprises diversity of three levels of species, ecological systems and inheritance, and relates to biomass, space, distribution, composition structure, biological abundance and the like. Biodiversity is not only a key factor in maintaining the balance and stability of the ecosystem, but also an indispensable element in supporting human life and improving the quality of life. Therefore, protection and promotion of biodiversity are critical.
However, current assessment of biosystem biodiversity is mostly based on species taxonomies, and index selection and quantification methods are complex and different due to the difference in environment between different regions. Most biodiversity indices only singly select species diversity for calculation and evaluation, ignoring species functional and phylogenetic diversity. The functional and phylogenetic diversity of species determines how the organism affects the function and stability of the ecosystem, which is critical for protection. At the same time, mismatch between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic difference changes in biological populations worldwide highlights the risk of evaluation based on single index changes as alternatives to other index changes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for comprehensively evaluating the biological diversity dynamic change of an ecological system in a high dimension, which aims at solving the problem that the index selection and quantification methods for measuring the biological diversity change of the ecological system are complex, and provides a high-dimension evaluation method from a time dimension, namely evaluating the biological diversity change on the time scale based on six key dimensions, so that the one-sided performance of the current biological diversity evaluation can be effectively solved, and the comprehensive change in the biological diversity aspect caused by the interaction between the important evaluation from the loss of simple species to the cooperative activity of human is provided with potential for determining the priority order and information of an adaptability management and global protection target.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for comprehensively evaluating the dynamic change of the biological diversity of the ecological system in high dimensionality comprises the following steps:
(1) Randomly selecting a plurality of experimental areas in a target ecological system, and randomly collecting a plurality of parallel samples in each experimental area;
(2) Extracting the monitoring data of the historical biological group from a database of a local ecological monitoring station, and analyzing and calculating the biological diversity and the historical biological diversity of the target group from six dimensions of species richness, functional richness, phylogenetic richness, species dissimilarity among communities, functional dissimilarity and phylogenetic dissimilarity;
(3) And calculating the comprehensive variation index of the biodiversity.
The category richness calculation formula is as follows:
(1)
Wherein, The number of species observed; OTUs for only one sequence; there are only two sequences OTUs.
The functional richness calculation formula is as follows:
(2)
Wherein, The ecological space occupied by species in community i; Absolute value range of property c.
The phylogenetic richness is the total length of branches connecting all species on the phylogenetic tree, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where Li is the length of each branch on the phylogenetic tree and n is the number of species contained in the calculation.
The calculation formula of the species dissimilarity between communities is as follows:
Wherein, The number of species at the intersection of community A and community B; Number of species of union of community A and community B.
The functional dissimilarity calculating formula is as follows:
(5)
Wherein, The degree of functional richness observed is that,The expected functional richness is obtained through random sampling or model prediction; maximum functional richness.
The calculation formula of the phylogenetic dissimilarity is as follows:
(6)
Wherein n is the number of nodes or branches on the phylogenetic tree, The length of the ith node or branch,The number of samples under that node or branch.
The step (3) of calculating the comprehensive variation index of the biodiversity comprises the following steps:
1) According to the historical values and the current values of the six diversity indexes, calculating the time variation of each diversity index, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(7)
Wherein: as the current value of the diversity index, Is a historical value of the diversity index.
A score is calculated from the value of each sample δdi in all experimental regions, 0 if δdi is 1, 1 if δdi is higher than the median of all values less than 1, lower than the median of all values greater than 1, and 2 if δdi is lower than the median of all values less than 1 or higher than the median of all values higher than 1.
2) Summarizing the scores of the local 6 indexes delta DI to obtain the comprehensive variation index of the biodiversity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(8)
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention starts from three aspects of species, functions and phylogenetic development, selects six indexes of species richness and dissimilarity of species among communities, functional richness and dissimilarity of functions, phylogenetic richness and dissimilarity of phylogenetic development, and can completely describe the diversity state of the ecological system while simplifying the calculation type.
(2) In practical applications, considering the diversity of natural environments, several representative experimental units are selected for monitoring, which can almost cover different habitat types in the ecosystem. In addition, in each experimental unit, a plurality of monitoring stations are randomly selected to conduct multi-type diversity investigation and calculation, and the representativeness of data and the reliability of statistical analysis are improved.
(3) The absolute value of the multi-type biological diversity index is not simply calculated, the current value of the diversity index is compared with the historical value of the diversity index, and the comparison value is assigned and added to obtain the final multi-type biological diversity index value. The method can better reflect the dynamic change of the ecological system, avoid the influence of the accidental or abnormal value of the data on the result, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the diversity index calculation.
(4) The evaluation method can select any proper biological group as an analysis object to be used for various application scenes, such as river health condition evaluation, ecological restoration engineering evaluation, protection policy establishment of a global wetland ecosystem and the like. The method provides an integral measurement standard for the variation of the biological diversity, effectively solves the evaluation error caused by the selection of different diversity indexes, and provides scientific basis for the transverse management of the global protection targets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a biodiversity change index.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation procedure for biodiversity variation.
Detailed Description
A method for comprehensively evaluating the dynamic change of biological diversity of an ecological system in a high dimension. Firstly, randomly selecting a plurality of experimental areas in a target ecological system, randomly collecting a plurality of parallel samples in each experimental area, and analyzing and calculating the biodiversity comprehensive change index (CCBF) of the target group from six key dimensions of species richness, functional richness, phylogenetic richness, species dissimilarity among communities, functional dissimilarity and phylogenetic dissimilarity. From a score of 0 to 12, the higher the score, the greater the biodiversity change of the ecosystem.
1-2, A method for comprehensively evaluating the biological diversity dynamic change of an ecological system in a high dimensionality is characterized by aiming at the problem that the index selection and quantification methods for measuring the biological diversity change of the ecological system are complex and different, and the method for comprehensively evaluating the biological diversity dynamic change of the ecological system in a high dimensionality is developed. Firstly, randomly selecting a plurality of experimental areas in a target ecological system, continuously monitoring the data of the areas for two years, and judging the variation condition of the biodiversity of the areas by utilizing a scientific and comprehensive index. The color patches of different colors in the figure represent different types of biological samples.
The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the variation of the biodiversity of benthic microorganisms in a river ecosystem.
In a specific implementation, the method comprises the following three steps:
1. preparation of experiments
(1) And selecting a plurality of experimental areas in the target ecological system for two years continuously, and then randomly collecting a plurality of parallel samples in each experimental area for experiment.
(2) 5 Experimental areas are established at 10-20cm of the river edge of the target river reach, and are separated from each other by a certain distance (2 times of the river width). The sediment samples are collected by using a sterilized sample spoon, the sample amount is not less than 100g, the sediment samples are placed in a 10ml centrifuge tube, 6 parallel samples are collected in each experimental area, and the sediment samples are stored in an environment of-20 ℃ until the sediment samples are transported back to a laboratory.
(3) Under laboratory conditions, genome DNA extraction is carried out according to the DNA extraction kit specifications corresponding to various samples, and then the microorganism species composition abundance data is obtained based on 16s and 18s high-throughput sequencing technology.
(4) To investigate the functional richness and functional dissimilarity of related microbial communities, we calculated and analyzed 4 genes related to carbon metabolism function, α -D-glucosidase (α -Glu), β -glucosidase (β -Glu), glucokinase (GK) and Cellobiohydrolase (CBH), to demonstrate the size of the carbon metabolic capacity of microorganisms in this region.
2. Calculation of data for recent two years in EXCEL, R language and MAGE software
(1) The species richness and the species dissimilarity between communities are calculated in EXCEL software
Species abundance (taxonomic richness) the number of species of the single community itself;
(equation 1)
Wherein, The number of species observed; OTUs for only one sequence; there are only two sequences OTUs.
Species difference between communities (taxonomic dissimilarity), species composition difference between communities;
(equation 2)
Wherein, The number of species at the intersection of community A and community B; Number of species of union of community A and community B.
The calculation results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 results of variety abundance and variety dissimilarity between communities for different years
(2) Function richness and function dissimilarity are calculated by R language
Functional richness (functional richness) the volume of functional space occupied by a species
(Equation 3)
Wherein, The ecological space occupied by species in community i; Absolute range of property c
Degree of functional dissimilarity (functional dissimilarity) degree of functional spatial overlap between communities
(Equation 4)
Wherein, Is the degree of functional richness observed and,Is the desired functional richness, typically obtained by random sampling or model prediction,Is the maximum functional richness possible in a given context.
The calculation results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 functional richness and functional dissimilarity results for different years
(3) System development richness and system development dissimilarity are calculated by MAGE software and R language
Drawing a phylogenetic tree in MAGE software based on a microbial gene sequence obtained by a 16s and 18s high-throughput sequencing technology, and then calculating phylogenetic richness and phylogenetic dissimilarity according to abundance of species and phylogenetic tree files in R language
Phylogenetic abundance is the total length of branches connecting all species on the phylogenetic tree
(Equation 5)
Where Li is the length of each branch on the phylogenetic tree and n is the number of species contained in the calculation.
Phylogenetic dissimilarity (phylogenetic dissimilarity) degree of overlap of phylogenetic tree branches between communities
(Equation 6)
Where n is the number of nodes or branches on the phylogenetic tree,Is the length of the i-th node or branch (typically representing the evolution distance),Is a weight, typically the number of samples under the node or branch.
The calculation results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 results of abundance of phylogenetic and dissimilarity between different years
3. According to the historical values and the current values of the six diversity indexes, calculating the time variation of each diversity index, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(equation 7)
Wherein, As the current value of the diversity index,Is a historical value of the diversity index.
A score is then calculated from the values of each sample δdi in all experimental regions, 0 if δdi=1, 1 if δdi is higher than the median of all values less than 1, lower than the median of all values greater than 1, and 2 if δdi is lower than the median of all values less than 1 or higher than the median of all values higher than 1.
The calculation results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 6 index delta DI calculations for different years
2) Then summarizing the scores of the local 6 indexes delta DI to obtain a comprehensive variation index (CCBF) of the biodiversity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(equation 8)
The final calculation yields CCBF =9, which indicates that the biodiversity of the region has changed significantly from before.
Claims (8)
1. A method for comprehensively evaluating the dynamic variation of biological diversity of an ecological system in high dimensionality is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Randomly selecting a plurality of experimental areas in a target ecological system, and randomly collecting a plurality of parallel samples in each experimental area;
(2) Extracting the monitoring data of the historical biological group from a database of a local ecological monitoring station, and analyzing and calculating the biological diversity and the historical biological diversity of the target group from six dimensions of species richness, functional richness, phylogenetic richness, species dissimilarity among communities, functional dissimilarity and phylogenetic dissimilarity;
(3) And calculating the comprehensive variation index of the biodiversity.
2. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic changes of biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the class richness calculation formula is as follows:
(1)
Wherein, The number of species observed; OTUs for only one sequence; there are only two sequences OTUs.
3. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic changes in biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the functional richness calculation formula is as follows:
(2)
Wherein, The ecological space occupied by species in community i; Absolute value range of property c.
4. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic changes in biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in said step (2), said phylogenetic richness is the total length of branches connecting all species on a phylogenetic tree;
(3)
Wherein L i is the length of each branch on the phylogenetic tree and n is the number of species involved in the calculation.
5. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic variation of biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the calculation formula of species dissimilarity between communities is:
(4)
Wherein, The number of species at the intersection of community A and community B; Number of species of union of community A and community B.
6. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic changes in biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the functional dissimilarity calculation formula is:
(5)
Wherein, The degree of functional richness observed is that,The expected functional richness is obtained through random sampling or model prediction; maximum functional richness.
7. The method for high-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of dynamic changes in biological diversity of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the phylogenetic dissimilarity calculation formula is:
(6)
Wherein n is the number of nodes or branches on the phylogenetic tree, The length of the ith node or branch,The number of samples under that node or branch.
8. The method for high-dimensional integrated assessment of biological diversity dynamic changes of an ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein in said step (3), calculating the biological diversity integrated change index comprises the steps of:
1) According to the historical values and the current values of the six diversity indexes, calculating the time variation of each diversity index, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(7)
Wherein: as the current value of the diversity index, Historical values for the diversity index;
Calculating a score from the values of each sample δDI in all experimental regions, 0 if δDI is 1, 1 if δDI is higher than the median of all values less than 1, lower than the median of all values greater than 1, and 2 if δDI is lower than the median of all values less than 1 or higher than the median of all values greater than 1;
2) Summarizing the scores of the local 6 indexes delta DI to obtain the comprehensive variation index of the biodiversity, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: (8)。
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