CN119236065A - 用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的双特异性CD123 x CD3双抗体 - Google Patents
用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的双特异性CD123 x CD3双抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤比如急性骨髓样白血病(AML)或脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS),包括对化疗剂和/或去甲基化剂难治性的血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法。方法涉及以有效刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞的量向患者施用CD123x CD3双特异性结合分子。本发明另外针对这种方法的实施方式,其中来自患者的细胞样品证明一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于这种基因的基线表达水平,例如,在正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体参考群体中这种基因的基线表达水平,或相对于参考基因的表达水平是增加的。
Description
本申请是申请号为201980087139.5、申请日为2019年10月29日、发明名称为“用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的双特异性CD123 x CD3双抗体”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求美国专利申请系列号62/878,368(于2019年7月25日提交;未决的),62/769,078(于2018年1月19日提交;未决的)和62/752,659(于2018年10月30日提交;未决的)的优先权,其中每个申请均通过引用以其整体并入本文。
序列表的引用
按照37C.F.R.1.821等条款,本申请包括一个或多个序列表,其以计算机可读介质(文件名:1301_0155PCT_ST25.txt,创建于2019年9月26日,并且大小为31,244字节)公开,该文件通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤比如急性骨髓样白血病(AML)或脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS),包括对化疗剂和/或去甲基化剂难治性的血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法。方法涉及以有效刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞的量向患者施用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子。本发明另外针对这种方法的实施方式,其中来自患者的细胞样品证明一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于这种基因的基线表达水平,例如,在正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体参考群体中这种基因的基线表达水平,或相对于参考基因的表达水平增加。
背景技术
I.CD123
CD123(白介素3受体α,IL-3Ra)是40kDa分子并且是白介素3受体复合物的部分(Stomski,F.C.等(1996)“Human Interleukin-3(IL-3)Induces Disulfide-Linked IL-3Receptor Alpha-And Beta-Chain Heterodimerization,Which Is Required ForReceptor Activation But Not High-Affinity Binding,”Mol.Cell.Biol.16(6):3035-3046)。白介素3(IL-3)驱动多能干细胞早期分化为红系祖细胞、骨髓样祖细胞和淋巴祖细胞。CD123在CD34+定向祖细胞上表达(Taussig,D.C.等(2005)“Hematopoietic Stem CellsExpress Multiple Myeloid Markers:Implications For The Origin And TargetedTherapy Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia,”Blood 106:4086-4092),但不通过CD34+/CD38-正常造血干细胞表达。CD123通过嗜碱性粒细胞、肥大细胞、浆细胞样树突状细胞表达,通过单核细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞表达一些,并且通过中性粒细胞和巨核细胞表达低或不表达。一些非造血组织(胎盘、睾丸的间质细胞、某些脑细胞成分和一些内皮细胞)表达CD123;然而,表达大部分是细胞质的。
据报道,CD123由白血病母细胞和白血病干细胞(LSC)表达(Jordan,C.T.等(2000)“The Interleukin-3Receptor Alpha Chain Is A Unique Marker For Human AcuteMyelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells,”Leukemia14:1777-1784;Jin,W.等(2009)“Regulation Of Th17 Cell Differentiation And EAE Induction By MAP3K NIK,”Blood 113:6603-6610)。在人类正常前体群体中,CD123由造血祖细胞(HPC)的亚型表达,而不是由正常造血干细胞(HSC)表达。CD123也由浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)和嗜碱性粒细胞表达,并且在较小程度上由单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞表达(Lopez,A.F.等(1989)“Reciprocal Inhibition Of Binding Between Interleukin 3 And Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor To Human Eosinophils,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(U.S.A.)86:7022-7026;Sun,Q.等(1996)“Monoclonal Antibody7G3 Recognizes The N-Terminal Domain Of The Human Interleukin-3(IL-3)ReceptorAlpha Chain And Functions As A Specific IL-3Receptor Antagonist,”Blood 87:83-92;L.等(2001)“Interleukin-3Receptor Alpha Chain(CD123)Is WidelyExpressed In Hematologic Malignancies,”Haematologica 86(12):1261-1269;Masten,B.J.等(2006)“Characterization Of Myeloid And Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells InHuman Lung,”J.Immunol.177:7784-7793;Korpelainen,E.I.等(1995)“Interferon-GammaUpregulates Interleukin-3(IL-3)Receptor Expression In Human Endothelial CellsAnd Synergizes With IL-3In Stimulating Major Histocompatibility Complex ClassII Expression And Cytokine Production,”Blood 86:176-182)。
已经报道CD123在包括急性骨髓样白血病(AML)和脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)的广泛的血液系统恶性肿瘤中的恶性细胞上过表达(L.等(2001)“Interleukin-3Receptor Alpha Chain(CD123)Is Widely Expressed In Hematologic Malignancies,”Haematologica 86(12):1261-1269)。CD123的过表达与AML的预后较差有关(Tettamanti,M.S.等(2013)“Targeting Of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia By Cytokine-Induced KillerCells Redirected With ANovel CD123-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor,”Br.J.Haematol.161:389-401)。
II.CD3
CD3是由四条不同的链构成的T细胞共受体(Wucherpfennig,K.W.等(2010)“Structural Biology Of The T-Cell Receptor:Insights Into Receptor Assembly,Ligand Recognition,And Initiation Of Signaling,”Cold SpringHarb.Perspect.Biol.2(4):a005140;第1-14页)。在哺乳动物中,该复合物包含CD3γ链、CD3δ链和两条CD3ε链。这些链与称为T细胞受体(TCR)的分子缔合,以便在T淋巴细胞中产生启动信号。在没有CD3的情况下,TCR无法适当组装并且被降解(Thomas,S.等(2010)“Molecular Immunology Lessons From Therapeutic T-Cell Receptor GeneTransfer,”Immunology129(2):170–177)。发现CD3结合所有成熟T细胞的膜,并且几乎不结合其他细胞类型的膜(参见,Janeway,C.A.等(2005)In:Immunobiology:The ImmuneSystem In Health And Disease,”第6版.Garland Science Publishing,NY,第214-216页;Sun,Z.J.等(2001)“Mechanisms Contributing To T Cell Receptor Signaling AndAssembly Revealed By The Solution Structure Of An Ecto Domain Fragment Of TheCD3ε:γHeterodimer,”Cell 105(7):913-923;Kuhns,M.S.等(2006)“Deconstructing TheForm And Function Of The TCR/CD3 Complex,”Immunity.2006年2月;24(2):133-139)。
II.AML和MDS
急性骨髓样白血病(AML)和脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)被认为在小部分的白血病干细胞(LSC)中出现并且通过其得以持续,该白血病干细胞通常处于休眠状态(即不是迅速分裂的细胞),因此抵抗细胞死亡(凋亡)和常规化疗剂。LSC的特征在于高水平的CD123表达,其在正常人的骨髓中相应的正常造血干细胞中不存在(Jin,W.等(2009)“RegulationOf Th17 Cell Differentiation And EAE Induction By MAP3K NIK,”Blood 113:6603-6610;Jordan,C.T.等(2000)“The Interleukin-3Receptor Alpha Chain Is A UniqueMarker For Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells,”Leukemia14:1777-1784)。CD123在45%-95%的AML、85%的毛细胞白血病(HCL)和40%的急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)中表达。CD123表达还与多种其他恶性肿瘤/前恶性肿瘤(pre-malignancies)相关:慢性骨髓样白血病(CML)祖细胞(包括急变期(blast crisis)CML)、霍奇金里德斯特恩伯格(Hodgkin’sReed Sternberg)(RS)细胞、转化的非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)、一些慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)(CD11c+)、急性T淋巴细胞白血病的亚型(T-ALL)(16%,最不成熟的,大部分是成人的)、浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)DC2恶性肿瘤和CD34+/CD38-脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)骨髓样恶性肿瘤。
AML是克隆性疾病,其特征在于在骨髓中转化的髓样祖细胞的增殖和积聚,其最终导致造血功能障碍。AML的发病率随着年龄而增加,并且年长患者通常比年轻患者具有更差的治疗效果(Robak,T.等(2009)“Current And Emerging Therapies For Acute MyeloidLeukemia,”Clin.Ther.2:2349-2370)。不幸地,现在,大多数具有AML的成年人死于他们的疾病。
AML的治疗最初集中在诱导缓解(诱导疗法)。一旦达到缓解,治疗转为致力于巩固这种缓解(缓解后或巩固疗法),并且在一些情况下,转为维持疗法。针对AML的标准缓解诱导范例是用蒽环类/阿糖胞苷组合的化疗,然后巩固化疗(通常用更高剂量的与在诱导时期期间使用相同的药物)或人类干细胞移植,这取决于患者耐受强化治疗的能力和单独用化疗治愈的可能性(参见,例如,Roboz,G.J.(2012)“Current Treatment Of Acute MyeloidLeukemia,”Curr.Opin.Oncol.24:711-719)。
诱导疗法中频繁使用的剂包括阿糖胞苷和蒽环类。阿糖胞苷(也称为AraC)通过干扰DNA合成而杀伤癌细胞(和其他快速分裂的正常细胞)。与AraC治疗相关的副作用包括对感染的抵抗力下降,白细胞生成减少的结果;由于血小板生成减少引起的出血;和由于红细胞的潜在减少引起的贫血。其他副作用包括恶心和呕吐。蒽环类(例如,柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、多柔比星(doxoubicin)和伊达比星(idarubicin))具有数种作用方式,包括抑制DNA和RNA合成、破坏DNA的更高阶结构和产生损伤细胞的氧自由基。蒽环类的最严重的不良应答是心脏毒性,其相当限制施用的终生剂量,并且在一定程度上限制它们的有用性。
已经确定干细胞移植为具有首次或随后缓解期的AML患者中最有效的抗白血病治疗的形式(Roboz,G.J.(2012)“Current Treatment Of Acute Myeloid Leukemia,”Curr.Opin.Oncol.24:711-719)。然而,不幸地,尽管在新诊断的AML的治疗中有重大进展,但20%至40%的患者用标准诱导化疗未实现缓解,并且预计50%至70%的进入首次完全缓解期的患者在3年内复发。在复发时或针对具有抗性疾病的患者的最佳策略仍不确定(参见,Tasian,S.K.(2018“Acute Myeloid Leukemia Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-CellImmunotherapy:How Far Up The Road Have We Traveled?,”Ther.Adv.Hematol.9(6):135-148;Przespolewski,A.等(2018)“Advances In Immunotherapy For Acute MyeloidLeukemia”Future Oncol.14(10):963-978;Shimabukuro-Vornhagen,A.等(2018)“Cytokine Release Syndrome,”J.Immunother.Cancer.6(1):56第1-14页;Milone,M.C等(2018)“The Pharmacology of T Cell Therapies,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.8:210-221;Dhodapkar,M.V.等(2017)“Hematologic Malignancies:Plasma Cell Disorders,”Am.Soc.Clin.Oncol.Educ.Book.37:561-568;Kroschinsky,F.等(2017)“New Drugs,NewToxicities:Severe Side Effects Of Modern Targeted And Immunotherapy Of CancerAnd Their Management,”Crit.Care 14;21(1):89)。因此,需要新治疗性策略。
IV.双特异性分子
提供的非单特异性分子(例如,双特异性抗体、双特异性双抗体、抗体等)提供了优于单特异性分子比如天然抗体的显著优势:共连接和共定位细胞表达不同表位的能力。因此,双特异性分子具有广泛的应用,包括疗法和免疫诊断。双特异性允许在各种应用中设计和工程化双抗体具有很大的灵活性,提供了对多聚体抗原的增强亲和力、不同抗原的交联以及依赖于两种靶抗原的存在定向靶向特定细胞类型。特别重要的是不同细胞的共连接,例如,效应细胞比如细胞毒性T细胞与肿瘤细胞的交联(Staerz等(1985)“HybridAntibodies Can Target Sites For Attack By T Cells,”Nature314:628-631,andHolliger等(1996)“Specific Killing Of Lymphoma Cells By Cytotoxic T-CellsMediated By A Bispecific Diabody,”Protein Eng.9:299-305)。
为了提供比天然抗体具有更大能力的分子,已经开发了各种重组双特异性抗体形式(参见,例如,PCT申请号WO 2008/003116、WO 2009/132876、WO 2008/003103、WO 2007/146968、WO 2009/018386、WO 2012/009544、WO 2013/070565),其中大多数使用连接体肽将进一步结合蛋白(例如,scFv、VL、VH等)融合至抗体核(IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG或IgM)或在抗体核(IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG或IgM)内,或将多个抗体结合部分(例如,两个Fab片段或scFv)彼此融合。可替选的形式使用连接体肽将结合蛋白(例如,scFv、VL、VH等)融合至二聚化结构域比如CH2-CH3结构域,或可替选的多肽(WO 2005/070966、WO 2006/107786、WO 2006/107617、WO 2007/046893)和其中CL和CH1结构域从其各自的天然位置和/或VL和VH结构域转换的其他形式已经多样化(WO 2008/027236、WO 2010/108127)以允许它们结合大于一种的抗原。
本领域另外注意到产生能够结合两种或更多种不同表位种类的双抗体的能力(参见,例如,Holliger等(1993)“’Diabodies’:Small Bivalent And Bispecific AntibodyFragments,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(U.S.A.)90:6444-6448。已经描述了稳定的、共价键合的异源二聚化非单特异性双抗体(参见,例如,WO 2006/113665;WO/2008/157379;WO 2010/080538;WO2012/018687;WO/2012/162068;Johnson,S.等(2010)“Effector CellRecruitment With Novel Fv-Based Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting Protein Leads ToPotent Tumor Cytolysis And In Vivo B-Cell Depletion,”J.Molec.Biol.399(3):436-449;Veri,M.C.等(2010)“Therapeutic Control Of B Cell Activation ViaRecruitment Of Fcgamma Receptor IIb(CD32B)Inhibitory Function With A NovelBispecific Antibody Scaffold,”Arthritis Rheum.62(7):1933-1943;Moore,P.A.等(2011)“Application Of Dual Affinity Retargeting Molecules To Achieve OptimalRedirected T-Cell Killing Of B-Cell Lymphoma,”Blood117(17):4542-4551)。这种双抗体将一个或多个半胱氨酸残基掺入每个采用的多肽种类中。例如,在这种构建体的C-末端添加半胱氨酸残基已显示允许多肽链之间形成二硫键,稳定所得异源二聚体而不干扰二价分子的结合特性。另外,已经描述了包括双抗体样结构域的三价分子(参见,例如,WO2015/184203和WO 2015/184207)。双抗体表位结合域还可以针对任何免疫效应细胞的表面决定簇,比如在T淋巴细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK)细胞或其他单核细胞上表达的CD3、CD16、CD32或CD64。在许多研究中,还发现双抗体结合至效应细胞决定簇,例如,Fcγ受体(FcγR)以激活效应细胞(Holliger等(1996)“Specific Killing Of Lymphoma Cells By CytotoxicT-Cells Mediated By A Bispecific Diabody,”Protein Eng.9:299-305;Holliger等(1999)“Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA)-Specific T-cell Activation In ColonCarcinoma Induced By Anti-CD3 x Anti-CEA Bispecific Diabodies And B7 xAnti-CEA Bispecific Fusion Proteins,”Cancer Res.59:2909-2916;WO 2006/113665;WO2008/157379;WO 2010/080538;WO 2012/018687;WO 2012/162068)。通常,效应细胞激活是由抗原结合抗体经Fc-FcγR相互作用与效应细胞结合来触发;因此,就此而言,双抗体分子可以展示出Ig样功能性,而与它们是否包括Fc结构域无关(例如,如本领域已知的任何效应子功能测定中所测定的或本文中举例说明的(例如,ADCC测定))。通过交联肿瘤和效应细胞,双抗体不仅将效应细胞带到肿瘤细胞附近,但导致有效的肿瘤杀伤(参见例如Cao等(2003)“Bispecific Antibody Conjugates In Therapeutics,”Adv.Drug.Deliv.Rev.55:171-197)。
能够介导T细胞重定向的细胞杀伤表达CD123的恶性细胞的几种靶向CD123和CD3的双特异性分子正在开发中(参见,例如,Vey,N.,等(2017)“Interim Results From APhase 1First-In-Human Study Of Flotuzumab,aCD123 x CD3Bispecific DARTMolecule In AML/MDS,”Annals of Oncology,28(S5)5,mdx373.001;Godwin,C.D.,等(2017)“Bispecific Anti-CD123 x Anti-CD3 AdaptirTMMolecules APVO436 and APVO437Have Broad Activity Against Primary Human AML Cells In Vitro”Blood.130(S1):2639;Forslund,A.,等(2016)“Ex Vivo Activity Profile of the CD123xCD3Antibody JNJ-63709178Against Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia BoneMarrow Samples”Blood 128(22):2875)。然而,采用能够将T细胞靶向血液系统恶性肿瘤位置的双特异性结合分子的努力并未完全成功。因此,仍然需要开发新的策略来使用CD123 xCD3双特异性结合分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。本发明直接解决了这种需要和其他需要,如以下描述的。
发明内容
本发明涉及治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤比如急性骨髓样白血病(AML)或脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS),包括对化疗剂和/或去甲基化剂难治性的血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法。方法涉及以有效刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞的量向患者施用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子。本发明另外针对这种方法的实施方式,其中来自患者的细胞样品证明一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于这种基因的基线表达水平,例如,在正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体参考群体中这种基因的基线表达水平,或相对于参考基因的表达水平是增加的。
详细地,本发明提供了治疗患者的化疗难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法,其中方法包括向患者施用治疗剂量的CD123 x CD3双特异性分子,剂量有效刺激杀伤患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞,从而治疗这种恶性肿瘤。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其另外包括在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前和/或之后评估来自患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中方法包括在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前评估这样一种或多种靶基因和/或这样一种或多种参考基因的表达。本发明还提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中方法包括在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之后评估这样一种或多种靶基因和/或这样一种或多种参考基因的表达。
本发明进一步提供了确定患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者的方法,其中方法包括:
(a)相对于一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达,在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前评估来自患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因的表达;和
(b)如果发现一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达是增加的,将患者鉴定为用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗的合适应答者。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中方法评估:(i)一种或多种靶基因的表达;和(ii)其表达不与血液系统恶性肿瘤特征性相关的一种或多种参考基因。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其包括评估相对于患者的一种或多种参考基因的基线表达,一种或多种靶基因的表达。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其包括评估相对于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体或这种个体的群体的一种或多种靶基因的表达,患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达。本发明进一步提供了此类方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的这种个体或这种个体的群体的这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%)、大于第二四分位数(即大于底部50%)或大于第三四分位数(即大于底部75%)。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其包括评估相对于使用本发明方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前没有成功地治疗的个体(例如,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体),或这种个体的群体的一种或多种靶基因的表达,患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达大于这种个体或未治疗的这种个体的群体的这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%),大于第二四分位数(即大于底部50%),或大于第三四分位数(即大于底部75%)。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达具有相对于这种个体或这种没有成功治疗的个体的群体的这种靶基因的表达至少约0.4、至少约0.5、至少约0.6或更大的log2倍数变化。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其包括评估相对于使用本发明的方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前成功地治疗的个体(例如,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体)或这种个体的群体的一种或多种靶基因的表达,患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的一种或多种靶基因的表达在这种个体或成功治疗的个体的这种群体的这种靶基因的表达水平的这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数内(即底部25%内)、第二四分位数(即在底部25%和50%之间)内或第三四分位数(即在底部50%和75%之间)内。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中群体中一种或多种靶基因的相对表达水平通过平均从个体的群体获得的细胞样品中的基因表达水平而建立。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者展示出至少一种这种靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第一四分位数内。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者展示出至少一种这种靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第二四分位数内。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者展示出至少一种这种靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数;或(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平至少约0.6的log2倍数变化。
本发明进一步提供治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法,其中方法包括:(a)采用以上实施方式的任一个的方法来确定患者是否是使用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者;
(b)如果确定患者是这种治疗的合适应答者,向患者施用治疗剂量的CD123 x CD3双特异性分子;
其中施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子刺激杀伤患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其另外包括在治疗开始后一次或多次评估从患者获得的细胞样品中这样一种或多种靶基因的表达。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中细胞样品的骨髓或血液样品。特别地,这种方法的实施方式,其中细胞样品是骨髓样品。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其进一步包括检测患者的骨髓的样品中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其进一步包括检测一种或多种参考基因的表达水平。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其包括检测患者的骨髓的样品中这样一种或多种靶基因和/或这样一种或多种参考基因的表达水平,特别地在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中评估表达或确定患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者通过以下进行:
(a)使用基因表达平台确定一种或多种细胞样品中每种靶基因的基因表达水平;和
(b)比较靶基因表达水平与一种或多种参考基因的表达水平。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中评估表达或确定患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者通过以下进行:
(a)在基因表达平台中测量一个或多个细胞样品中每种靶基因的原始RNA水平;
其中基因表达平台包括看家基因的参考基因组;和
(b)使用内部参考基因的测量的RNA水平,为靶基因的每个测量的原始RNA水平分配相对表达值。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中一种或多种靶基因包括:
(a)以下的一种或多种:CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和STAT1;和或
(b)以下的一种或多种:CCL5、CD27、CD274、CD276、CD8A、CMKLR1、CXCL9、CXCR6、HLA-DQA1、HLA-DRB1、HLA-E、IDO1、LAG3、NKG7、PDCD1LG2、PSMB10、STAT1和TIGIT;和/或
(c)以下的一种或多种:AREG、CSF3、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CCL20、FOSL1、IER3(NM_003897.4)、IL6和PTGS2;和/或
(d)以下的一种或多种:CCL2、CCL3/L1、CCL4、CCL7和CCL8;和/或
(e)以下的一种或多种:MAGEA3/A6、MAGEA1、MAGEA12、MAGEA4、MAGEB2、MAGEC1和MAGEC2;和/或
(f)以下的一种或多种:APOL6、DTX3L、GBP1、IFI16、IFI27、IFI35、IFI6、IFIH1、IFIT1、IFIT2、IFIT3、IFITM1、IFITM2、IRF1、IRF9、ISG15、MX1、OAS1、OAS2、PARP9、PSMB9、STAT2、TMEM140和TRIM21;和/或
(g)以下的一种或多种:PSMB8、PSMB9和PSMB10;和/或
(h)IL-10;和或(i)CD274;和/或
(j)PDCD1LG2。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中一种或多种靶基因进一步包括IFNG(NM_000619.2)。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中一种或多种参考基因包括以下的一种或多种:ABCF1、G6PD、NRDE2、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP和UBB。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中为一种或多种靶基因确定基因标签评分。在本发明的具体的实施方式中,这种基因标签评分通过包括以下的方法从每种靶基因的原始RNA水平确定:
(a)使用包括看家基因的参考基因组的基因表达平台,测量再一个细胞样品中每种靶基因的原始RNA水平,
(b)针对这种管家基因的几何平均值将每个测量的原始RNA水平进行标准化,并任选地进一步针对标准将每个RNA值进行标准化,
(c)对每个标准化的RNA值进行log转换,
(d)将每个log转换的RNA值乘以相应的权重因子以生成加权的RNA值,和
(e)添加加权的RNA值,并且任选地添加调整因子常数,以生成单个基因标签评分。
优选地,使用表6和12A-12G中提供的靶基因确定基因标签。在本发明的某些实施方式中,权重因子是表6和12A-12G中提供的那些。在本发明的某些实施方式中,将调整因子添加至每个评分。在特别的实施方式中,调整因子是表6和12B-12G中提供的那些。
特别地,本发明提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中基因标签评分对于以下的一种或多种确定:
(a)IFNγ信号传导标签;
(b)肿瘤炎症标签;
(c)骨髓样炎症标签;
(d)炎性趋化因子标签;
(e)MAGE标签;
(f)IFN下游信号传导标签;
(g)免疫蛋白酶体标签;
(h)IL-10标签;
(i)PD-L1标签;和/或
(j)PD-L2标签。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平基因标签的评分至少约0.5的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的至少第二四分位数内,
表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第三四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算第三四分位数的基因标签的评分;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分至少约0.6的log2倍数变化,
表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中:
(a)基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签,并且至少约2.5的患者基因标签评分表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答和/或
(b)基因标签是肿瘤炎症标签,并且至少约5.5的患者基因标签评分表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答;和/或
(c)基因标签是IFN下游信号传导标签,并且至少约4.5的患者基因标签评分表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签,并且患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式其中基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签,并且患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分第二四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评至少约0.5的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签的评分的至少第二四分位数内;
表明对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明还提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中展示出以免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签的患者表明是对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是包括scFv的双特异性抗体或双特异性分子。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是JNJ-63709178、XmAb14045或APVO436。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是具有两、三或四条多肽链的共价键合的双特异性双抗体。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123 x CD3双特异性分子为双抗体包括:
(a)具有SEQ ID NO:21的氨基酸序列的第一多肽链;和
(b)具有SEQ ID NO:23的氨基酸序列的第二多肽链;并且
其中第一和第二多肽链通过二硫键共价键合至彼此。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤选自由下述组成的组中:急性骨髓样白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓样白血病(CML)、急变期CML、与CML相关的Abelson癌基因(Bcr-ABL易位),脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)、急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、Richter综合征、CLL的Richter转化、毛细胞白血病(HCL)、母细胞浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)包括套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)和小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、系统性肥大細胞增生症和伯基特淋巴瘤。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤是ML、MDS、BPDCN或T-ALL。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤对于化疗(CTX)是难治性的,比如对基于阿糖胞苷/蒽环类的细胞毒素化疗是难治性的或对去甲基化剂(HMA)化疗是难治性的。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其进一步包括确定与由正常外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)表达的相应基线水平CD123相比,母细胞(癌细胞)的CD123的水平表达。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中表达水平通过测量CD123的细胞表面表达而确定。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123的细胞表面表达相对于基线表达水平增加至少约20%。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式。其中CD123表达的增加使患者对用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗更应答。
本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的有效剂量选自由下述组成的组中:30、100、300和500ng/kg患者重量/天。
本发明进一步提供了所有以上方法的实施方式,其中治疗剂量以连续输注施用。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中治疗剂量是通过连续输注3天施用的30ng/kg/天,随后是通过连续输注4天施用的100ng/kg/天的治疗剂量。本发明进一步提供了这种方法的实施方式,其中治疗剂量进一步包括施用通过连续输注施用的500ng/kg/天。
本发明进一步提供了所有以上方法的实施方式,其中患者是人类患者。
附图说明
图1A-1C说明了示例性双抗体分子的总体结构。图1A提供了具有两个表位-结合结构域、异源二聚体-促进结构域和含有连接体的半胱氨酸的双链CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体(“DART-A”也称为伏妥珠单抗(flotetuzumab))的第一和第二多肽链的结构。图1B-1C提供了由三多肽链构成的具有两个表位-结合结构域的CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体的总体结构。两条多肽链拥有CH2和CH3结构域,使得缔合的链形成Fc结构域的全部或部分。包括VL和VH结构域的多肽链进一步包括异源二聚体-促进结构域和连接体。半胱氨酸残基可存在于连接体(图1A和1B)中和/或异源二聚体-促进结构域(图1C)中。识别相同表位的VL和VH结构域使用相同的阴影或填充图案显示。
图2说明了从由对常规的化疗有难治性应答的患者(例如,对用阿糖胞苷与柔红霉素联合给予(7+3诱导疗法(RefCTX)治疗方案有难治性应答的患者)或对用去甲基化剂地西他滨和阿扎胞苷(RefHMA并且包括具有继发性AML患者)治疗方案有难治性应答的患者,以及在用伏妥珠单抗治疗之前均复发的患者(复发者)获得的基线骨髓活检生成的46个IO360标签或细胞类型的无监督的层次聚类。还指示了患者对用伏妥珠单抗的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答。这种应答被注释为抗白血病应答(抗leuk(A)),其包括患者展示出完全缓解(CR)、完全缓解但血液学不完全改善(CRi)、形态学无白血病的状态(MLF)、其他抗白血病益处(OB),或部分应答(PR)),或作为无应答(NR,其包括进行性疾病/治疗失败(PD)和稳定疾病(SD))。每个IO 360标签评分都在该群组的评分内重新调整为-3至+3范围,以促进跨标签进行比较。免疫耗竭的和免疫富集的基因标签分别在集群2和集群3列中加框。
图3A-3O显示了化疗和HMA难治性患者具有多种基因标签的不同表达。特别地,复发患者的基因表达谱显示出免疫耗竭的特征,而HMA难治性(包括HMA难治性和继发性AML)患者的谱显示出免疫衰竭和适应性免疫抗性的特征,包括TIGIT、PD-L1和Treg基因标签的上调连同与CTX难治性患者相比,与衰竭的CD8 T细胞相关的基因标签增加的趋势。图3A是从所有难治性(CTX和HMA)变化的复发患者之间的倍数变化差异的森林图。图3B是从复发变化的HMA难治性患者之间倍数变化差异的森林图;图3C是从CTX难治性患者变化的HMA难治性患者之间的倍数变化差异的森林图。在图3A和3C中指示了集群2免疫耗竭(C2)和集群3免疫富集(C3)的基因标签。骨髓样(图3D)、巨噬细胞(图3E)、中性粒细胞(图3F)、B-细胞(图3G)、IFNγ(IFN-γ,图3H)、PD-L1(图3I)、TIGIT(图3J)、CTLA-4(图3K)、Th1(图3L)、CTL(图3M)、CD8 T细胞(图3N)和细胞毒性(图3O)基因标签评分绘制为免疫消耗的(Depl.)、免疫富集的(Enriched)和免疫耗竭的(Exh.)文件。
图4显示了在CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法之后来自25名患者(复发(RL)患者、CTX-难治性(CTx)的患者和HMA-难治性(HMA)的患者)的骨髓母细胞中百分比变化(相对于基线)并且它们对这种疗法的应答(CR,完全缓解;mCR,分子CR;CRi,完全缓解但血液学不完全改善;MLF,形态学无白血病的状态;PR,部分应答;SD,稳定疾病;PD,进行性疾病/治疗失败)。
图5A-5C显示了IFNγ信号传导标签在对伏妥珠单抗的应答者中的基线处增加,并且因此,IFNγ信号传导标签对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的阳性应答的预测。图5A是OR患者和显示了IFNγ信号传导标签在OR患者的基线样品中增加的NR患者(指示了免疫耗竭的(C2)和免疫富集的(C3)基因标签)之间的基线倍数变化差异的森林图。还看见肿瘤炎症标签和IFN下游标签增加。图5B显示了患者的NR和OR群体的IFNγ信号传导标签评分的分布(2ndAML;Ref CTX:对CTX难治性;Ref HMA:对HMA的难治性,复发:原发性复发)。图5C显示了示出具有AUC=0.819的基线IFNγ信号传导标签评分的预测性能的ROC曲线。
图6显示了与细胞毒素细胞或与CD8+T细胞相关的基因标签的表达,如来自骨髓样品的RNA中检测的,预治疗(“基础”)或在用伏妥珠单抗治疗的第一周期(“周期1”)后来自骨髓样品。
图7显示了对化疗-难治性、复发中、对HMA难治性或HMA失败的患者群体中CD123的表达。
图8显示了基线(BL)患者AML母细胞中PD-L1的表达水平与患者是对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的早期进展者还是应答者之间的相关性。数据表达为平均值+分布。
图9说明了对常规的化疗有原发性难治性应答的患者(P),以及在用伏妥珠单抗治疗之前均复发的患者(R)获得基线骨髓活检生成的48个IO 360标签或细胞类型的无监督的层次聚类。还指示了患者对用伏妥珠单抗的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答。这种应答被注释为抗白血病应答(A,其中患者包括展示出完全缓解(CR),完全缓解但血液学不完全改善,形态学无白血病的状态(MLF),其他抗白血病益处(OB),或部分应答(PR)),或作为无应答(N,其中包括进行性疾病/治疗失败(PD)和稳定疾病(SD))。每个IO 360标签评分都在该群组的评分内重新调整为-3至+3范围,以促进跨标签进行比较。指示了分层为免疫浸润的和免疫消耗的集群。
图10是展示出对用伏妥珠单抗的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的抗白血病应答(OR)和未应答者(NR)之间复发和难治性患者的基线倍数变化差异的森林图,显示了来自应答者的基线样品中许多标签增加,其包括:IFNγ信号传导标签/IFN下游标签和肿瘤炎症标签(每个加框)。构成IFN线性模块的基因标签加星号,并且在来自应答者的基线样品也增加。
图11A-11D显示了难治性(Refr.)和复发(Rel.)患者中几个基因标签和IFN模块的评分分布,OR患者用大空心圆圈指示,NR患者用小实心点指示。用Mann-Whitney U检验对配对数据进行比较。**P<0.01。图11A显示了IFNγ信号传导标签评分的分布。图11B显示了IFN下游信号传导标签评分的分布。图11C显示了肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)评分的分布。图11D显示了IFN优势模块(IFN模块)评分的分布。
图12A-12J显示了未应答者(NR)和应答的患者(具有抗白血病应答的患者)(OR)中构成IFN优势模块和肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)的九个基因标签评分的评分分布。图12A显示了FNγ信号传导标签评分;图12B显示了IFN下游标签评分;图12C显示了骨髓样炎症标签评分;图12D显示了免疫蛋白酶体标签评分;图12E显示了炎性趋化因子标签评分;图12F显示了MAGE标签评分;图12G显示了PD-L1标签评分;图12H显示了PD-L2标签评分;图12I显示了IL10标签评分;图12J显示了肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)评分。
图13A-13K显示了示出对30名难治性/复发患者的组,构成IFN优势模块、肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)和IFN优势模块的九个基因标签的基线评分的预测性能的ROC曲线。图13A显示了具有AUC=0.750的IFNγ信号传导标签评分的ROC曲线。图13B显示了具有AUC=0.755的IFNγ下游信号传导标签评分的ROC曲线。图13C显示了具有AUC=0.69的骨髓样炎症标签评分的ROC曲线。图13D显示了具有AUC=0.505的免疫蛋白酶体标签评分的ROC曲线。图13E显示了具有AUC=0.764的炎性趋化因子标签评分的ROC曲线。图13F显示了具有AUC=0.736的MAGE标签评分的ROC曲线。图13G显示了具有AUC=0.699的PD-L1标签评分的ROC曲线。图13H显示了具有AUC=0.727的PD-L2标签评分的ROC曲线。图13I显示了具有AUC=0.745的IL10标签评分的ROC曲线。图13J显示了具有AUC=0.852的TIS评分的ROC曲线。图13K显示了具有AUC=0.806的IFN优势模块评分的ROC曲线。
图14A-14D显示了肿瘤炎症(TIS,图14A)、IFNγ信号传导(图14B)、抗原加工机制(APM,图14C)和PD-L1(图14D)基因标签的的评分分布,在来自骨髓样品的RNA中检测的,预治疗(“Pre”)或来自用伏妥珠单抗治疗的第一周期后(“C1后”)的骨髓样品,OR患者用大空心圆圈指示,NR患者用小实心点指示。用Mann-Whitney U检验对配对数据进行比较。Pre=基线。C1=周期1。**P<0.01。***P<0.001。
发明详述
本发明涉及治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤比如急性骨髓样白血病(AML)或脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS),包括对化疗剂和/或去甲基化剂难治性的血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法。方法涉及以有效刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞的量向患者施用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子。本发明另外针对这种方法的实施方式,其中来自患者的细胞样品证明一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于这种基因的基线表达水平,例如,在正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体参考群体中这种基因的基线表达水平,或相对于参考基因的表达水平是增加的。
如上所述,化疗抗性和复发仍然是具有急性骨髓样白血病(AML)的儿童和成人死亡的重要来源。接受常规的化疗后,预计只有26.9%的患者可以存活超过5年。
具有急性骨髓样白血病(AML)的患者的治疗方法在30多年中没有实质性改变。标准的一线疗法是阿糖胞苷与柔红霉素联合给予的双药物方案(所谓的7+3诱导疗法,本文缩写为“CTX”)。去甲基化剂(本文缩写为“HMA”)地西他滨和阿扎胞苷通常施用至老年患者或被认为不适合CTX方案的患者。然而,文献估计表明,多达45%的患者对标准的一线化疗是难治性的。由于这些药物通常对正常组织诱导的急性和长期副作用的严重程度,因此认为进一步强化常规的细胞毒性化疗是不可行的(Tasian,S.K.(2018“Acute MyeloidLeukemia Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy:How Far Up The RoadHave We Traveled?,”Ther.Adv.Hematol.9(6):135-148;Przespolewski,A.等(2018)“Advances In Immunotherapy For Acute Myeloid Leukemia”Future Oncol.14(10):963-978;Shimabukuro-Vornhagen,A.等(2018)“Cytokine Release Syndrome,”J.Immunother.Cancer.6(1):56第1-14页;Milone,M.C.等(2018)“The Pharmacology ofTCell Therapies,”Mol.Ther.Methods Clin.Dev.8:210-221;Dhodapkar,M.V.等(2017)“Hematologic Malignancies:Plasma Cell Disorders,”Am.Soc.Clin.Oncol.Educ.Book.37:561-568;Kroschinsky,F.等(2017)“New Drugs,NewToxicities:Severe Side Effects Of Modern Targeted And Immunotherapy Of CancerAnd Their Management,”Crit.Care 14;21(1):89)。
接合T细胞的双特异性抗体刺激促炎症性应答细胞因子的释放。这些细胞因子可以通过直接的细胞毒性和通过激活和募集免疫细胞进入肿瘤部位来增加抗白血病功效(Hoseini,S.S.等(2107)“Acute Myeloid Leukemia Targets For BispecificAntibodies,”Blood Cancer Journal 7:e522,doi:10.1038/bcj.2017.2;第1-12页。特别地,正在在复发/难治性(“R/R”)AML的1/2期研究中测试使用伏妥珠单抗,CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的治疗。尽管免疫疗法对选择性靶向导致血液系统恶性肿瘤的癌细胞具有巨大潜力(参见,例如,Koch,J.等(2017)“Recombinant Antibodies to Arm CytotoxicLymphocytes in Cancer Immunotherapy,”Transfus.Med.Hemother.44:337-350;Lichtenegger,F.S.等(2017)“Recent Developments In Immunotherapy Of AcuteMyeloid Leukemia,”J.Hematol.Oncol.10:142,第1-20页),采用能够将T细胞靶向血液系统恶性肿瘤位置的双特异性结合分子的努力尚未完全成功。
因此,包括免疫疗法的新的治疗策略的发现仍然是优先事项。先前已经报道,具有免疫富集的且IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境(“TME”)的AML患者经历无复发生存期显著缩短,表明对标准诱导化疗难治(Vadakekolathu,J.等(2017)“Immune Gene Expression Profilingin Children and Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Identifies DistinctPhenotypic Patterns,”Blood 130:3942A)。
如本文使用的,术语“基因表达标签”旨在表示作为特定细胞类型和/或生物过程特征的一组基因的基因表达模式(参见,例如,Stenner,F.等(2018)“CancerImmunotherapy and the Immune Response in Follicular Lymphoma,”Front.Oncol.8:219doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00219,第1-7页;Cesano,A.等(2018)“Bringing The NextGeneration Of Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers To The Clinic,”Biomedicines 6(14)doi:10.3390/biomedicines6010014,第1-11页;Shrestha,G.等(2016)“The Value OfGenomics In Dissecting The RAS-Network And In Guiding Therapeutics For RAS-Driven Cancers,”Semin.Cell Dev.Biol.58:108-117;Gingras,I.等(2015)“CCR 20thAnniversary Commentary:Gene-Expression Signature in Breast Cancer--Where DidIt Start and Where Are We Now?,”Clin.Cancer Res.21(21):4743-4746;Eberhart,C.G.(2011)“Molecular Diagnostics In Embryonal Brain Tumors,”Brain Pathol.21(1):96-104;Baylin,S.B.(2009)“Stem Cells,Cancer,And Epigenetics,”StemBook,ed.The Stem Cell Research Community,StemBook,doi/10.3824/stembook.1.50.1,第1-14页;Asakura,M.等(2009)“Global Gene Expression Profiling In The FailingMyocardium,”Circ.J.73(9):1568-1576;Shaffer,A.L.等(2001)“Signatures Of TheImmune Response,”Immunity 15(3):375-385;Staudt,L.M.等(2005)“The Biology OfHuman Lymphoid Malignancies Revealed By Gene Expression Profiling,”Adv.Immunol.87:163-208)。观察的基因表达标签和/或由改变的(或未改变的)生物过程引起的标签的变化可用于评估病原性医学条件的存在、性质和/或严重程度。
本发明的中心方面涉及认识到,与预测对标准化疗的抗性相比,IFNγ-优势的AML肿瘤微环境(“TME”)的存在预测了对采用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的治疗,包括采用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子,伏妥珠单抗的疗法的有利应答。本发明部分源于认识到,具有难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤(例如,急性骨髓样白血病)的患者的某些亚群体特别适合用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子(例如,伏妥珠单抗)的治疗。该亚群的成员可以通过他们展示出以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签的能力得到容易地鉴定。
I.鉴定特别地适合用本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子治疗的患者群体
A.用于确定“基因表达标签”的方法
为了确定患者是否展现出以以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签,从而被鉴定为特别适合使用本发明的方法和组合物治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤,评估来自从患者获得的细胞样品的RNA样品以确定其是否证明一种或多种“靶”基因的表达增加,其表达与这种标签相关。这种评估可使用预先存在的基因表达检测和/或测量,或可并入检测和/或测量这种基因表达的步骤。如本文使用的,术语“细胞样品”指含有细胞或细胞提取物的样品。
可采用任何细胞样品作为用于确定患者是否展示出以以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签的RNA或蛋白质的来源。然而,优选地,使用从患者或供体群体的骨髓(BM)样品或血液样品或母细胞(癌细胞)样品获得的RNA进行这种基因表达比较。当从供体群体的这种细胞获得RNA以提供基线表达水平时,可以使用所采用的表达水平的平均值(例如,可以采用几何平均值)。许多不同的参考群体可用于这种基因表达比较。在特别的实施方式中,将由患者展示出的至少一种靶基因的表达水平与在以下中展现出的这种靶基因的表达水平比较:正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体;在确定这种参考表达水平时遭受这种血液系统恶性肿瘤的并对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(即,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体);和/或在确定这种参考表达水平时遭受这种血液系统恶性肿瘤的并其后使用本发明的方法和组合物成功治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体(即,对使用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体)。当比较者群体是正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体时,这种群体优选地包括正遭受与患者相同的血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体。这种群体可包括在用化疗剂预先治疗后复发和/或对用化疗剂治疗是难治性(即,原发性难治性)的个体。当比较者群体是用CD123x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功或不成功应答的个体的群体时,这种群体优选地包括正遭受与患者相同的血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体。
如本文使用的,如果相对于基线或其他比较者(例如,这种基因在群体中的表达),其表达是至少约10%更多,至少约20%更多、至少约30%更多、至少约40%更多、至少约50%更多、至少约60%更多、至少约70%更多、至少约80%更多、至少约90%更多、至少约1.5倍更多、至少约2倍更多、至少约2.5倍更多、至少约3倍更多、至少约3.5倍更多、至少约4倍更多、至少约4.5倍更多、至少约5倍更多、至少约5.5倍更多、至少约6倍更多、至少约6.5倍更多、至少约7倍更多、至少约7.5倍更多、至少约8倍更多、至少约8.5倍更多、至少约9倍更多、至少约10倍更多,则该基因的表达被称为“增加”。可替选地,这种增加依照“log2倍数变化”描述。对于表达的增加,0.4的log2倍数变化相当于约30%更多的表达;0.5的log2倍数变化相当于约40%更多的表达;0.6的log2倍数变化相当于约50%更多的表达;0.7的log2倍数变化相当于约60%更多的表达;0.8的log2倍数变化相当于约70%更多的表达;0.9的log2倍数变化相当于约90%更多的表达;1的log2倍数变化相当于2倍增加;1.5的log2倍数变化相当于2.8倍增加;2的log2倍数变化相当于4倍增加;2.5的log2倍数变化相当于5.7倍增加;3的log2倍数变化相当于8倍增加;3.5的log2倍数变化相当于11.3倍增加;4的log2倍数变化相当于16倍增加等。Log2倍数变化通常用于比较计数与阵列数据并且也适用于t检验。
可替选地,这种增加依照“基因标签评分”描述,其中靶基因簇的每一个的表达经测量、针对一个或多个管家基因和/或内部标准进行标准化、对数转换、加权并求和以生成单个基因标签评分。用于计算这种评分的方法是本领域已知的并且本文提供了具体方法(参见,以下的实施例1)。
如本文使用的,如果基因标签评分是至少约2、或至少约2.5、或至少约3.0、或至少约3.5、或至少约4、或至少约4.5、或至少约5、或至少约5、或至少约5.5、或至少约5.5、或至少约6或大于约6.5,基因标签的表达(例如,IFNγ信号传导标签)被称为“增加”。
如果患者的基因标签评分大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%)、大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的第二四分位数(即,大于下方的50%)、大于该基因标签评分的第三四分位数(即,大于下方的75%)、大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的85%、大于90%或大于95%,患者的基因标签评分也被称为“增加”。
如果患者的基因标签评分大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%)、大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的第二四分位数(即,大于下方的50%)、大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的第三四分位数(即,大于下方的75%)、大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的85%、大于90%或大于95%,患者的基因标签评分也被称为“增加”。
如果患者的基因标签评分相对于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分具有至少约0.4、或至少约0.5、或至少约0.6或更多的log2倍数变化,患者的基因标签评分也被称为“增加”。
如果患者的基因标签评分在从使用本发明的方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前已经成功治疗的个体的群体(例如,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的基因标签评分的至少第一四分位数内(即在底部25%内)和更优选地,在至少第二四分位数内(即在底部25%和50%之间),在至少第三四分位数(即在底部50%和75%之间)内、大于85%、大于90%或大于95%的基因标签评分,患者的基因标签评分也被称为“增加”。
发现增加的基因标签评分表明对用本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤更有利的患者应答。
在一个实施方式中,通过确定靶基因的表达是否相对于当这种患者是健康时或在这种患者接受血液系统恶性肿瘤的诊断之前被评估的患者中其表达的基线水平,或相对于在这种患者的化疗治疗方案的过程期间时或在这种患者的涉及CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的治疗方案的过程期间该基因的表达是“增加”的,将患者鉴定为展示出以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签,并且因此特别适合使用本发明的本发明的方法和组合物治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。
在第二实施方式中,通过比较一种或多种靶基因的表达水平与从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的平均的和加权的基线表达水平,将患者鉴定为展示出以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签,并且因此特别适合使用本发明的方法和组合物治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。其表达大于这种平均的或加权的基线水平的靶基因被称为展现出“增加的”表达水平,并且本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于治疗这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤。例如,本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数(即大于底部50%)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数(即大于底部75%)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的85%、大于90%或大于95%的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。
在第三实施方式中,通过比较一种或多种靶基因的表达水平与对于使用本发明的方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前没有成功治疗的个体的群体(例如,对使用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的平均的或加权的基线表达水平,将患者鉴定为展示出以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签,并且因此特别适合使用本发明的方法和组合物治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。其表达等于或大于这种平均的或加权的基线水平的靶基因被称为展示出“增加的”表达水平,并且本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于治疗这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于这种没有成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于这种没有成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数(即大于底部50%)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于这种没有成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数(即大于底部75%)的”增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出大于这种没有成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的85%、大于90%或大于95%的”增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。
在第四实施方式中,通过比较一种或多种靶基因的表达水平与对于使用本发明的方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前成功治疗的个体的群体(例如,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的平均的或加权的基线表达水平,将患者鉴定为展示出以存在免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签,并且因此特别适合使用本发明的方法和组合物治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。其表达等于或大于这种平均的或加权的基线水平的靶基因被称为展示出“增加的”表达水平,并且本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于治疗这种患者的血液系统恶性肿瘤。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出在这种成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第一四分位数内(即在底部25%内)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出在这种成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第二四分位数内(即在底部25%和50%之间)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物特别适用于展示出在这种成功治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第三四分位数内(即在底部50%和75%之间)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。本发明的方法和组合物甚至更特别适用于展示出在这种先前治疗的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平的至少第四四分位数内(即,底部75%以上)的“增加的”靶基因表达水平的患者。
然而,优选的通过比较靶基因的表达水平与一种或多种与疾病无关或不因疾病状态展现出表达增加的基因(“参考”基因)的表达水平来确定靶基因的表达是否“增加”。由于参考基因通常以不同水平表达,因此可利用参考基因的表达的几何平均值来计算比例因数。几何平均值通过将数据集中每个样品值的每个基因相乘,然后取所得乘积的第n个根(其中n是组中的数字计数)来获得。几何平均值类似于算术平均值,因为其表示一组数字的集中趋势。然而,与算术平均值不同,几何平均值对探针之间计数水平幅度的变化不太敏感。为了比较整个样品群组的生物标签,可使用来自一组“参考”基因的几何平均值来标准化整个数据集的个体样品,以便在生物基因之间进行比较,而不受技术差异的影响比如样品质量输入和样品质量。
优选的“参考”基因在正常和恶性的细胞中以相同水平的组成型表达。管家基因(Eisenberg,E.等(2003)“Human Housekeeping Genes Are Compact,”Trends inGenetics.19(7):362-365;kon Butte,A.J.等(2001)“Further Defining Housekeeping,Or"Maintenance,"Genes Focus On′A Compendium Of Gene Expression In NormalHuman Tissues’,”Physiol.Genomics.7(2):95-96;Zhu,J.等(2008)“On The Nature OfHuman Housekeeping Genes,”Trends in Genetics 24(10):481-484;Eisenberg,E.等(2013)“Human Housekeeping Genes,Revisited,”Trends in Genetics.29(10):569-574),比如用于维持基本细胞功能的所需基因是一类优选的参考基因。
在进一步的实施方式中,确定患者是否特别地适于用CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法治疗,其进一步包括:
(a)评估患者的母细胞(癌细胞)中CD123的表达水平。可以比较这种水平与相对于在这种患者的化疗治疗方案的过程之前或期间时这种患者的母细胞中CD123的表达,或相对于具有HMA疗法复发或对HMA疗法是难治性的个体的群体的母细胞中CD123的表达的相应基线水平CD123。CD123表达增加的发现进一步表明患者适合接受CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法适合接受用于血液系统恶性肿瘤。CD123表达的确定可以通过评估CD123-编码mRNA的存在或通过评估细胞裂解物或提取物中CD123的存在来完成。可替选地,CD123表达的确定可以通过评估排列在CD123表达细胞(例如,母细胞)的细胞表面上的CD123分子的存在来完成。如此确定的CD123表达增加(例如,表达增加至少10%、表达增加至少15%、表达增加至少20%、表达增加至少25%、表达增加至少30%或表达增加至少40%)表明患者适合接受接受用于血液系统恶性肿瘤的CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法。
和/或
(b)评估患者的母细胞(癌细胞)中PD-L1的表达水平。在某些实施方式中,评估患者的母细胞的整个样品的PD-L1表达水平,从而评估表达PD-L1的母细胞的百分比。在其他实施方式中,将患者母细胞中的PD-L1表达水平相对于在这种患者的化疗治疗方案过程期间时这种患者的母细胞中PD-L表达进行比较。因此,可以在任何施用CD123 x CD3结合分子之前和/或在这种施用之后评估患者的细胞中PD-L1的表达水平。PD-L1低表达的发现表明患者适合接受CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法适合接受用于血液系统恶性肿瘤。PD-L1高表达的发现表明患者适合接受CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法与PD-1/PD-L1轴拮抗剂组合用于血液系统恶性肿瘤。PD-L1表达的确定可以通过评估PD-L1-编码mRNA的存在或通过评估细胞裂解物或提取物中PD-L1的存在来完成。可替选地,PD-L1表达的确定可以通过评估排列在PD-L1-表达细胞(例如PBMC)的细胞表面上的PD-L1分子的存在来完成。如此确定的PD-L1表达增加(例如,至少10%的母细胞表达、至少15%的母细胞表达、至少20%的母细胞表达、至少25%的母细胞表达、至少30%的母细胞表达或至少40%的母细胞表达)表明患者适合接受CD123x CD3结合分子疗法与PD-1/PD-L1轴拮抗剂治疗组合用于血液系统恶性肿瘤(参见例如WO 2017/214092)。
在进一步的实施方式中,在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子期间和/或之后,监测CD8+T-淋巴细胞在肿瘤微环境中的CD8+T-淋巴细胞比例的增加。
在进一步的实施方式中,本发明的CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法可另外包括施用抗人PD-L1结合分子,比如抗人PD-L1抗体,或具有人PD-L1结合结构域的双抗体。按照该实施方式可使用的抗人PD-L1结合分子包括阿特利珠单抗(atezolizumab)、阿维单抗(avelumab)和德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)(参见,例如,US专利号9,873,740;8,779,108)。阿特利珠单抗(WHO药物信息,2015,推荐的INN:列表74,29(3):387)、德瓦鲁单抗(WHO药物信息,2015,推荐的INN:列表74,29(3):393-394)和阿维单抗(WHO药物信息,2016,推荐的INN:列表74,30(1):100-101)的完整重链和轻链的氨基酸序列是本领域已知的。
在可替选的进一步实施方式中,本发明的CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法可另外包括施用抗人PD-1结合分子,比如抗人PD-1抗体,或具有人PD-1结合结构域的双抗体。按照该实施方式可使用的抗人PD-1结合分子包括:纳武单抗(nivolumab)(也称为5C4、BMS-936558、ONO-4538、MDX-1106,并且通过Bristol-Myers Squibb作为销售)、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)(之前称为兰罗利珠单抗(lambrolizumab),也称为MK-3475、SCH-900475并且通过Merck作为销售)、EH12.2H7(从BioLegend商业上可获得的)、匹地利珠单抗(pidilizumab)(CAS注册号:1036730-42-3也称为CT-011,CureTech)、hPD-1mAb7(1.2)IgG4(P)和DART-I(WO 2017/019846中公开的),(还参见,例如,美国专利号5,952,136;7,488,802;7,521,051;8,008,449;8,088,905;8,354,509;8,552,154;8,779,105;8,900,587;9,084,776;PCT专利公开WO 2004/056875;WO 2006/121168;WO 2008/156712;WO2012/135408;WO 2012/145493;WO 2013/014668;WO 2014/179664;WO 2014/194302;WO2015/112800;WO 2017/019846和WO 2017/214092)。
1.示例性“靶”基因
IFNγ刺激超过200个基因的基因表达,包括初级应答基因比如IRF、Fc-γ受体(FCGR)、GBP(鸟苷酸结合蛋白)、I类和II类分子的主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)、参与抗原呈递的蛋白质、抗病毒蛋白质比如PKR和OAS蛋白质等(Boehm,U等(1997)“CellularResponses To Interferon-γ,”Annu.Rev.Immunol.15:749-795;Schroder,K.等(2003)“Interferon-Gamma:An Overview Of Signals,Mechanisms And Functions,”J.Leukoc.Biol.75(2):163-189)。
表1公开了示例性靶基因和每个基因的代表性、非限制性注册号(参见,Der,S.D.等(1988)“Identification Of Genes Differentially Regulated ByInterferonα,β,orγUsing Oligonucleotide Arrays,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(U.S.A.)95:15623-15628;Schneider,W.M.等(2014)“Interferon-Stimulated Genes:A Complex Webof Host Defenses,”Annu.Rev.Immunol.32:513-545)和公开在Schroder,K.等(2003)中(“Interferon-Gamma:An Overview Of Signals,Mechanisms And Functions,”J.Leukoc.Biol.75(2):163-189中的那些),其文件通过引用并入本文。
如本文提供的,用于确定患者是否具有免疫富集的和IFNγ-优势的肿瘤微环境的高度优选的基因表达标签在本文中被称为“干扰素(IFN)γ信号传导标签”。IFNγ信号传导标签的基因是:CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和STAT1(表6)。IFNγ信号传导标签可进一步包含IFNG(参见,例如,代表性NCBI序列登录号:NM_000619.2)。IFNγ信号传导标签的表达增加特别地与患者的适合CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法有关。
可添加另外合适的靶基因。这种另外靶基因可使用INTERFEROME数据库容易地鉴定为IFNγ的下游调节基因(Samarajiwa1,S.A.等(2009)“INTERFEROME:The Database OfInterferon Regulated Genes,”Nucleic Acids Research 37:D852-D857)。特别地,优选的另外基因是PDCD1(本文还以通用名PDL1提到)、PDCD1LG2(本文还以通用名PDL2提到)、IL10、CTLA4(表13)和/或以下基因标签中存在的那些基因的一个或多个:“干扰素(IFN)下游标签”(表12B中列出的基因);“骨髓样炎症标签”(表12C中列出的基因);“炎性趋化因子标签”(表12D中列出的基因);“MAGES标签”(表12E中列出的基因)和/或“免疫蛋白酶体标签”(表12F中列出的基因),以下实施例中提供的。
特别地,多个基因和标签的表达可作为“模块”在聚集中进行评估,以评估患者对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的适应性。一个特别地优选的模块,其可用于确定患者是否展示处免疫-浸润(免疫-富集的)IFN优势的肿瘤微环境,在本文中称为“IFN优势模块”。与IFN优势模块相关的靶基因包括:PDL1、PDL2、IL10、CTLA4和存在于以下每个基因表达标签中的基因:IFNγ信号传导标签、干扰素下游标签、骨髓样炎症标签、炎性趋化因子标签、MAGE标签和免疫蛋白酶体标签(表10)。
如果模块评分是至少约24、至少约25、至少约26、至少约27、至少约28、至少约29、至少约30、至少约31、至少约32、至少约33或至少约35,IFN优势模块被称为“增加”。
如果患者的IFN优势模块评分大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%),大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第二四分位数(即大于下方的50%),大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第三四分位数(即大于下方的75%),大于从正遭受血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的85%、大于90%或大于95%,患者的IFN优势模块评分也被称为“增加”。
如果患者的IFN优势模块评分大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,对血液系统恶性肿瘤CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第一四分位数(即大于底部25%),大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,对血液系统恶性肿瘤CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第二四分位数(即大于下方的50%),大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,对血液系统恶性肿瘤CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第三四分位数(即大于下方的75%),大于从对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体(例如,对血液系统恶性肿瘤CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的85%、大于90%或大于95%,患者的IFN优势模块评分也被称为“增加”。
如果患者的IFN优势模块评分在从使用本发明的方法和组合物对血液系统恶性肿瘤先前成功治疗的个体的群体(例如,对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体)中这种靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的至少第一四分位数内(即在底部25%内)和更优选地,在至少第二四分位数内(即在底部25%和50%之间),在至少第三四分位数内(即在底部50%和75%之间),大于85%、大于90%或大于95%的IFN优势模块评分,患者的IFN优势模块评分也被称为“增加”。
可单独地评估与IFN优势模块相关的基因标签(CD274、PDCD1LG2、IL10、CTLA4、IFNγ信号传导标签、干扰素下游标签、骨髓样炎症标签、炎性趋化因子标签、MAGES标签和免疫蛋白酶体标签),以评估患者对于CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的适用性。
如本文进一步提供的,可用于确定患者是否展示出与肿瘤内抑制适应性免疫应答相关的基因表达标签(本文也称为“肿瘤炎症标签,或简单地“TIS”)的另一集合高度优选的靶基因包括基因:CCL5、CD27、CD274、CD276、CD8A、CMKLR1、CXCL9、CXCR6、HLA-DQA1、HLA-DRB1、HLA-E、IDO1、LAG3、NKG7、PDCD1LG2、PSMB10、STAT1和/或TIGIT(表12A)。肿瘤炎症标签的表达增加特别地与患者对于CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的适应性相关。
2.示例性“参考”基因
在正常和恶性细胞中以相同水平组成型表达的管家基因包括优选类型的参考基因。管家基因包括参与一般基因表达(比如编码转录因子、阻遏物、RNA剪接因子、翻译因子、tRNA合成酶、RNA结合蛋白、核糖体蛋白、线粒体核糖体蛋白、RNA聚合酶、蛋白质加工因子、热休克蛋白、组蛋白、细胞周期调节剂、细胞凋亡、致癌基因、DNA修复/复制等的基因),代谢(比如编码以下的酶的基因:碳水化合物代谢、柠檬酸循环、脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢、NADH脱氢酶、细胞色素C氧化酶、ATPase、溶酶体酶、蛋白酶体蛋白、核糖核酸酶、硫还原酶等),细胞结构完整性(比如编码细胞骨架蛋白的基因、参与细胞器合成的蛋白、线粒体蛋白等的基因)和细胞表面蛋白(比如编码细胞粘附蛋白的基因、离子通道和转运蛋白、受体、HLA/免疫球蛋白/细胞识别蛋白等的基因)、激酶/信号传导蛋白(比如生长因子、组织坏死因子、酪蛋白激酶等)的基因。适用于该目的的参考基因包括编码以下的基因:
·甾醇调节成分结合蛋白(例如,ATF1、ATF2、ATF4、ATF6、ATF7、ATF7、BTF3、E2F4、ERH、HMGB1、ILF2、IER2、JUND、TCEB2等);
·阻遏物(例如,PUF60等);
·RNA剪接蛋白质(例如,BAT1、HNRPD、HNRPK、PABPN1、SRSF3等);
·翻译因子(例如,EIF1、EIF1AD、EIF1B、EIF2A、EIF2AK1、EIF2AK3、EIF2AK4、EIF2AK1、EIF2B2、EIF2B3、EIF2B4、EIF2S2、EIF3A、EIF3B、EIF3D、EIF3G、EIF3I、EIF3H、EIF3J、EIF3K、EIF3L、EIF3M、EIF3S5、EIF3S8、EIF4A1、EIF4A2、EIF4A3、EIF4E2、EIF4G1、EIF4G2、EIF4G3、EIF4H、EIF5、EIF5、EIF5A、EIF5AL1、EIF5B、EIF6、TUFM等);
·tRNA合酶(例如,AARS、AARS2、AARSD1434、CARS、CARS2、DARS、DARS2、EARS2614、FARS2、FARSA、FARSB、GARS、HARS、HARS2、IARS、IARS2、KARS、LARS2、MARS、MARS2、NARS、NARS2、QARS、RARS、RARS2、SARS、TARS、VARS2、WARS2、YARS、YARS2436等);
·RNA结合蛋白(例如,ELAVL1等);
·核糖体蛋白(例如,RPL5、RPL8、RPL9、RPL10A、RPL11、RPL14、RPL25、RPL26L1、RPL27、RPL30、RPL32、RPL34、RPL35、RPL35A、RPL36AL、RPS5、RPS6、RPS6KA3、RPS6KB1、RPS6KB2、RPS13、RPS19BP1、RPS20、RPS23、RPS24、RPS27、RPN1等);
·线粒体核糖体蛋白(例如,MRPL9、MRPL1、MRPL10、MRPL11、MRPL12、MRPL13、MRPL14、MRPL15、MRPL16、MRPL17、MRPL18、MRPL19、MRPL2、MRPL20、MRPL21、MRPL22、MRPL23、MRPL24、MRPL27、MRPL28、MRPL3、MRPL30、MRPL32、MRPL33、MRPL35、MRPL36、MRPL37、MRPL38、MRPL4、MRPL40、MRPL41、MRPL42、MRPL43、MRPL44、MRPL45、MRPL46、MRPL47、MRPL48、MRPL49、MRPL50、MRPL51、MRPL52、MRPL53、MRPL54、MRPL55、MRPL9、MRPS10、MRPS11、MRPS12、MRPS14、MRPS15、MRPS16、MRPS17、MRPS18A、MRPS18B、MRPS18C、MRPS2、MRPS21、MRPS22、MRPS23、MRPS24、MRPS25、MRPS26、MRPS27、MRPS28、MRPS30、MRPS31、MRPS33、MRPS34、MRPS35、MRPS5、MRPS6、MRPS7、MRPS9等);
·RNA聚合酶(例如,POLR1C、POLR1D、POLR1E、POLR2A、POLR2B、POLR2C、POLR2D、POLR2E、POLR2F、POLR2G、POLR2H、POLR2I、POLR2J、POLR2K、POLR2L、POLR3C、POLR3E、POLR3GL、POLR3K等);
·蛋白质加工蛋白(例如,PPID、PPIE、PPIF、PPIG、PPIH、CANX、CAPN1、CAPN7、CAPNS1、NACA、NACA2、PFDN2、PFDN4、PFDN5、PFDN6、SNX2、SNX3、SNX4、SNX5、SNX6、SNX9、SNX12、SNX13、SNX17、SNX18、SNX19、SNX25、SSR1、SSR2、SSR3、SUMO1、SUMO3等);
·热休克蛋白(例如,HSPA4、HSPA5、HSPA8、HSPA9、HSPA14、HSBP1等);
·组蛋白(例如,HIST1H2BC、H1FX、H2AFV、H2AFX、H2AFY、H2AFZ等);
·细胞周期蛋白(例如,ARHGAP35、ARHGAP5、ARHGDIA、ARHGEF10L、ARHGEF11、ARHGEF40、ARHGEF7、RAB10、RAB11A、RAB11B、RAB14、RAB18、RAB1A、RAB1B、RAB21、RAB22A、RAB2A、RAB2B380、RAB3GAP1、RAB3GAP2、RAB40C、RAB4A、RAB5A、RAB5B、RAB5C、RAB6A、RAB7A、RAB9A、RABEP1、RABEPK、RABGEF1、RABGGTA、RABGGTB、CENPB、CTBP1、CCNB1IP1、CCNDBP1、CCNG1、CCNH、CCNK402、CCNL1、CCNL2、CCNY、PPP1CA、PPP1CC、PPP1R10、PPP1R11、PPP1R15B、PPP1R37、PPP1R7、PPP1R8、PPP2CA、PPP2CB552、PPP2R1A、PPP2R2A、PPP2R2D、PPP2R3C、PPP2R4、PPP2R5A、PPP2R5B、PPP2R5C、PPP2R5D、PPP2R5E、PPP4C、PPP4R1、PPP4R2、PPP5C、PPP6C、PPP6R2、PPP6R3、RAD1、RAD17、RAD23B、RAD50、RAD51C、IST1等);
·凋亡蛋白(例如,DAD1、DAP3、DAXX等);
·癌基因蛋白(例如,ARAF、MAZ、MYC等);
·DNA修复/复制蛋白(例如,MCM3AP、XRCC5、XRCC6等);
·代谢蛋白质(例如,PRKAG1、PRKAA1、PRKAB1、PRKACA、PRKAG1、PRKAR1A、PRKRIP1等);
·碳水化合物代谢蛋白(例如,ALDOA、B3GALT6、B4GALT3、B4GALT5、B4GALT7、GSK3A、GSK3B、TPI1、PGK1、PGAM5、ENOPH1、LDHA、TALDO1、TSTA3);
·柠檬酸周期蛋白(例如,SDHA、SDHAF2、SDHB、SDHC、SDHD等);
·脂质代谢蛋白(例如,HADHA等);
·氨基酸代谢蛋白(例如,COMT等);
·NADH脱氢酶(例如,NDUFA2、NDUFA3、NDUFA4、NDUFA5、NDUFA6、NDUFA7、NDUFA8、NDUFA9、NDUFA10、NDUFA11、NDUFA12、NDUFA13、NDUFAF2、NDUFAF3、NDUFAF4、NDUFB2、NDUFB3、NDUFB4、NDUFB5、NDUFB6、NDUFB7、NDUFB10、NDUFB11、NDUFB8、NDUFB9、NDUFC1、NDUFC2、NDUFC2、NDUFS5、NDUFV2、NDUFS2、NDUFS3、NDUFS4、NDUFS5、NDUFS6、NDUFS7、NDUFS8、NDUFV1、NDUFV2等);
·细胞色素C氧化酶(例如,COX4I1、COX5B、COX6B1、COX6C、COX7A2、COX7A2L、COX7C、COX8、COX8A、COX11、COX14、COX15、COX16、COX19617、COX20、CYC1、UQCC、UQCR10、UQCR11、UQCRB、UQCRC1、UQCRC2、UQCRHL591、UQCRQ、ATPase、ATP2C1、ATP5A1、ATP5B、ATP5C1、ATP5D、ATP5F1、ATP5G2、ATP5G3、ATP5H、ATP5J、ATP5J2、ATP5J2、ATP5L、ATP5O、ATP5S、ATP5SL、ATP6AP1、ATP6V0A2、ATP6V0B、ATP6V0C、ATP6V0D1、ATP6V0E1、ATP6V1C1、ATP6V1D、ATP6V1E1、ATP6V1F、ATP6V1G1、ATP6V1H、ATPAF2、ATPIF1等);
·溶酶体蛋白(例如,CTSD、CSTB、LAMP1、LAMP2、M6PR等);
·蛋白酶体蛋白(例如,PSMA1、PSMA2、PSMA3、PSMA4、PSMA5、PSMA6、PSMA7、PSMB1、PSMB2、PSMB3、PSMB4、PSMB5、PSMB6、PSMB7、PSMC2、PSMC3、PSMC4、PSMC5、PSMC6、PSMD1、PSMD10、PSMD11、PSMD12、PSMD13、PSMD14、PSMD2、PSMD3、PSMD4、PSMD5、PSMD6、PSMD7、PSMD8、PSMD9、PSME2、PSME3、PSMF1、PSMG2、PSMG3、PSMG4591、UBA1、UBA2、UBA3、UBA5、UBA52、UBAC2、UBALD1、UBAP1、UBAP2L、UBB、UBC、UBE2A、UBE2B、UBE2D2、UBE2D3、UBE2D4、UBE2E1、UBE2E2、UBE2E3、UBE2F、UBE2G2、UBE2H、UBE2I、UBE2J1、UBE2J2、UBE2K、UBE2L3、UBE2M、UBE2N、UBE2NL989、UBE2Q1、UBE2R2、UBE2V1、UBE2V2、UBE2W、UBE2Z、UBE3A、UBE3B、UBE3C、UBE4A、UBE4B、USP10、USP14、USP16、USP19、USP22、USP25、USP27X073、USP33、USP38、USP39、USP4、USP47、USP5、USP7、USP8、USP9X590等);
·核糖核酸酶(例如,RNH等);
·硫还原酶(例如,TXN2、TXNDC11、TXNDC12、TXNDC15、TXNDC17、TXNDC9、TXNL1、TXNL4A、TXNL4B、TXNRD1、细胞骨架、ANXA6、ANXA7、ARPC1A、ARPC2、ARPC5L、CAPZA2、CAPZB、RHOB、RHOT1、RHOT2、TUBB、WDR1等);
·参与细胞器合成的蛋白(例如,BLOC1S1、BLOC1S2、BLOC1S3、BLOC1S4、BLOC1S6、AP1G1、AP1M1、AP2A1、AP2A2、AP2M1、AP2S1、AP3B1、AP3D1、AP3M1、AP3S1、AP3S2、AP4B1、AP5M1、ANXA6、ANXA7、AP1B1、CLTA、CLTB、CLTC等);
·线粒体蛋白(例如,MTX2等);
·细胞表面蛋白(例如,AP2S1、CD81、GPAA1、LGALS9、MGAT2、MGAT4B、VAMP3等);
·细胞粘合蛋白(例如,CTNNA1、CTNNB1、CTNNBIP1、CTNNBL1、CTNND1458等);
·离子通道和转运蛋白蛋白(例如,ABCB10、ABCB7、ABCD3、ABCE1、ABCF1、ABCF2、ABCF3、CALM1、MFSD11、MFSD12、MFSD3、MFSD5、SLC15A4、SLC20A1、SLC25A11、SLC25A26、SLC25A28、SLC25A3、SLC25A32、SLC25A38、SLC25A39、SLC25A44、SLC25A46、SLC25A5、SLC27A4、SLC30A1、SLC30A5、SLC30A9、SLC35A2、SLC35A4、SLC35B1、SLC35B2、SLC35C2、SLC35E1、SLC35E3、SLC35F5、SLC38A2、SLC39A1、SLC39A3、SLC39A7、SLC41A3、SLC46A3、SLC48A1、受体、ACVR1、ACVR1B、CD23等);
·HLA/免疫球蛋白/细胞识别蛋白(例如,BAT1、BSG、MIF、TAPBP等);·激酶/信号传导蛋白(例如,ADRBK1、AGPAT1、ARF1、ARF3、ARF4、ARF5、ARL2、CSF1、CSK、DCT、EFNA3、FKBP1A、GDI1、GNAS1、GNAI2、HAX1、ILK、MAPKAPK2、MAP2K2、MAP3K11、PITPNM、RAC1、RAP1B、RAGA、STK19、STK24、STK25、YWHAB、YWHAH、YWHAQ、YWHAZ等);
·生长因子(例如,AIF1、HDGF、HGS、LTBP4、VEGFB、ZFP36L1、组织坏死因子、CD40、酪蛋白激酶、CSNK1E、CSNK2B等);和
·混杂的蛋白(例如,ALAS1、ARHGEF2、ARMET、AES、BECN1、BUD31、CKB、CPNE1、ENSA、FTH1、GDI2、GUK1、HPRT、IFITM1、JTB、MMPL2、NME2、NONO、P4HB、PRDX1、PTMA、RPA2、SULT1A3、SYNGR2、TTC1、C11Orf13、C14orf2、C21orf33、SPAG7、SRM、TEGT、DAZAP2、MEA1等)。
优选的管家基因包括表2中列出的那些。表2也提供了每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号。可采用这种基因(和/或其拼接变体)的任何组合或亚组合。
以下参考基因特别地是优选的ABCF1、G6PD、NRDE2、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP和UBB。
3.评估靶基因和参考基因的表达的示例性方法
为了揭示靶基因相对于基线或参考基因的表达水平,对应于每个评估的靶基因的细胞样品中mRNA的量经确定并且针对对应于基线或参考基因的mRNA表达进行标准化。可以采用任何合适的方法来完成这种分析。优选的方法采用分析系统(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)。在分析系统中,样品的RNA在足以允许样品RNA杂交至探针的条件下,在基因特异性报告探针和捕获探针的集合存在的情况下孵育。每个报告探针都携带荧光条码,并且每个捕获探针含有能够将杂交复合物固定至固体支持物以进行数据收集的生物素部分。杂交后,去除过量的探针,并且通过自动荧光显微镜扫描支持物。为每个靶分子计算条形码。数据分析优选地使用分析软件(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)进行。实施例1中显示的数据使用PanCancer IO360TMGene Expression Panel试剂盒(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)获得的,该试剂盒含有用于770个不同基因的探针集合(750个基因覆盖了在肿瘤界面处、肿瘤微环境和免疫应答的关键通路)和可用于数据标准化的20个内部参考基因(表5)。基因标签评分计算如下:
·将每个基因的原始数据计数针对每个样品选择的管家(HK)基因(例如,ABCF1、NRDE2、G6PD、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP、UBB)的几何平均值进行标准化。
·然后将HK标准化的数据针对IO 360分组标准进行标准化,优选地针对在与测试的样品相同的盒上运行的那些标准。
·然后对数转换每个标准化的基因计数。
·一旦标准化和对数转换,每个基因乘以权重值。
·将这些加权计数中的每一个加和以生成单个评分。调整因数,即常数被添加至最终计算的评分(例如+7)。调整因数可源自最低观察评分(来自TCGA和/或细胞系分析),以便评分范围高于0。
在表3中,基因被分类为如下:第1栏:基因名称;第2栏:内部参考基因;第3栏:细胞类型(B:B细胞;CD8:CD8 T细胞;Cyto:细胞毒性细胞;CD45:CD45-表达细胞;CD56d:NKCD56dim细胞;DC:树突细胞;耗竭的CD8细胞;M:巨噬细胞;MC:肥大细胞;N:中性粒细胞;NK:NK细胞;T:T细胞;Th1:Th1细胞;Treg:Treg细胞);第4栏:癌症抗原的释放;第5栏:癌症抗原递呈;第6栏:T细胞启动和激活;第7栏:免疫细胞对肿瘤的定位;第8栏:基质因子;第9栏:通过T-细胞识别癌细胞;第10栏:杀伤癌细胞;第11栏:髓样细胞活性;第12栏:NK细胞活性;第13栏:细胞周期和增殖;第14栏:肿瘤内在因子;第15栏:免疫代谢;第16栏:通用信号传导通路。与构成特定基因表达标签的另外通路和细胞类型相关的基因和用于计算基因表达标签评分的方法在以下实施例中提供。
B.“基因表达标签”的分析
基线处骨髓(BM)细胞样品的基因表达分析将化疗-难治性、HMA-难治性(包括继发性AML)和复发患者分层为免疫链中的3个集群组:展示出免疫-消耗基因表达标签的患者、展示出免疫-耗竭基因表达标签的患者和展示出免疫-富集基因表达标签的患者。
如以下更详细地描述的,具有原发性难治性疾病(对≥2次诱导尝试的难治性、<6月的首次CR或≥4个周期的去甲基化剂HMA后失败)的患者展示出免疫-浸润肿瘤微环境的基因表达标签,如由其约33%更高炎症性趋化因子水平(相对于复发患者中参见的水平(3.27±0.22对比2.46±0.07,p=0.026))所见的。
在该组中,化疗-难治性患者和HMA-难治性患者进一步分层为第一亚群体,其展示出免疫-耗竭的肿瘤微环境的基因标签(参见,图2,针对集群2指示的加框标签)和第二亚群体,其展示出包括干扰素γ(也本文称为“IFNγ”)信号传导标签的免疫-富集的肿瘤微环境的基因标签(参见,图2,针对集群3指示的加框标签)。HMA-难治性患者显示出免疫衰竭和适应性免疫抗性的特性,包括相对于化疗-难治性患者TIGIT表达增加约44%(5.55±0.34对比3.85±0.24,p=0.006)、PD-L1表达增加约48% PD-L1(3.55±0.18对比2.4±0.29,p=0.009)和Treg细胞特异性表达增加约32%(4.87±0.23对比3.69±0.19,p=0.0009)。与化疗-难治性患者相比,HMA-难治性患者也显示出越来越耗竭的CD8 T细胞(通过它们的CD244、EOMES、LAG3和PTGER4表达来测量)的趋势。
仅关注化疗-难治性(即,对≥2次诱导尝试难治性,<6个月的首CR)和复发的AML患者(即,不包括HMA-难治性患者),进一步分析更广泛集合的基因(通过聚合如以下描述的三个标签模块的评分进行)将基线处的复发和难治性AML患者BM样品分层为两种免疫亚型,在本文中称为“免疫-浸润”和“免疫-消耗”亚型。
II.示例性CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子
A.JNJ-63709178
JNJ-63709178是具有沉默Fc功能的人源化IgG4双特异性抗体。抗体是使用Genmab技术生产的,并且能够结合肿瘤细胞上的CD123和T细胞上的CD3。JNJ-63709178能够将T细胞募集至CD123-表达肿瘤细胞并且在体外诱导这些肿瘤细胞的杀伤(MOLM-13、OCI-AML5和KG-1;EC50=0.51-0.91nM)。JNJ-63709178公开在WO 2016/036937,Gaudet,F.等(2016)“Development of aCD123x CD3 Bispecific Antibody(JNJ-63709178)for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML),”Blood128:2824;和Forslund,A.et al.(2016)“Ex Vivo Activity Profile of theCD123xCD3 Antibody JNJ-63709178Against Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Bone MarrowSamples,”Blood 128:2875中,其文件通过引用并入本文)。JNJ-63709178和/或相关抗体的重链和轻链的氨基酸序列:13RB179、13RB180、13RB181、13RB182、13RB183、13RB186、13RB187、13RB188、13RB189、CD3B19,7959、3978、7955、9958、8747、8876、4435和5466公开在WO 2016/036937中。
B.XmAb14045
XmAb14045(也称为维克妥单抗(vibecotamab))是含有CD123结合结构域和细胞毒素T-细胞结合结构域(CD3)二者的肿瘤-靶向抗体。XmAb双特异性Fc结构域用作这些两个抗原结合结构域的支架,并且赋予XmAb14045长的循环半衰期、稳定性和易于制造。XmAb14045与CD3的接合激活T细胞以高效和靶向杀伤CD123-表达肿瘤细胞(US专利公开2017/0349660;Chu,S.Y.等(2014)“Immunotherapy with Long-Lived Anti-CD123 x CD3Bispecific Antibodies Stimulates Potent T Cell-Mediated Killing of Human AMLCell Lines and of CD123+Cells in Monkeys:A Potential Therapy for AcuteMyelogenous Leukemia,”Blood 124(21):2316,其文件通过引用并入本文)。XmAb14045和类似的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的重链和轻链的氨基酸序列公开在US专利公开2017/0349660中和WHO药物信息,推荐INN列表120,2018,32(4):658-660中。
C.APVO436
APVO436是具有抗CD123 scFv部分和抗CD3 scFv部分的ADAPTIRTMCD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子。每个scFv部分结合至已经被修饰以消除ADCC/CDC效应子功能的Fc结合域。公开了APVO436以低nM范围中的EC50值结合人CD123和CD3-表达细胞,并且表明以低效应子与靶比率针对CD123-表达肿瘤细胞系的有效靶特异性活性。公开了APVO436能够有效地诱导T-细胞启动和增殖,伴随着CD123表达细胞在原代AML受试者样品和正常供体样品的实验中的消耗。APVO436(参见,Comeau,M.R.等(2018)“APVO436,a Bispecific anti-CD123 xanti-CD3ADAPTIRTMMolecule for Redirected T-cell Cytotoxicity,Induces Potent T-cell Activation,Proliferation and Cytotoxicity with Limited CytokineRelease,”AACR Annual Meeting April 2018,Abstract 1786;Godwin,C.D.等(2017)“Bispecific Anti-CD123 x Anti-CD3 ADAPTIRTMMolecules APVO436 and APVO437 HaveBroad Activity Against Primary Human AML Cells In Vitro,”American Society ofHematology Annual Meeting,December 2017,Blood130:2639;Comeau,M.R.等(2017)“Bispecific anti-CD123 x anti-CD3ADAPTIRTMMolecules for Redirected T-cellCytotoxicity in Hematological Malignancies,”AACR Annual Meeting April 2017,Abstract 597)。APVO436CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的重链和轻链的氨基酸序列公开在WO2018/057802A1中。
D.DART-A
DART-A(也称为伏妥珠单抗,CAS号:1664355-28-5)是本发明的优选的CD123 xCD3双特异性结合分子。DART-A是能够同时和特异性结合至CD123的表位和CD3的表位的序列优化的的双特异性双抗体(“CD123 x CD3”双特异性双抗体)(US专利公布号US2016-0200827,在PCT公布WO 2015/026892,在Al-Hussaini,M.等(2016)“Targeting CD123InAcute Myeloid Leukemia Using A T-Cell-Directed Dual-Affinity RetargetingPlatform,”Blood 127:122-131,在Vey,N.等(2017)“A Phase 1,First-in-Human Studyof MGD006/S80880(CD123 x CD3)in AML/MDS,”2017ASCO Annual Meeting,June 2-6,2017,Chicago,IL:Abstract TPS7070,其每个文件通过引用并入本文以其整体)。发现DART-A相对于类似组成的其他非序列优化的CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体展示出增强的功能活性,因此被称为“序列优化的”的CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体。PCT申请PCT/US2017/050471描述了用于向患者施用DART-A的优选的给药方案,并且通过引用以其整体并入本文。
DART-A包括第一多肽链和第二多肽链(图1)。双特异性双抗体的第一多肽链将包括,在N-末端至C-末端方向上,N-末端、能够结合至CD3的单克隆抗体的轻链可变结构域(VL结构域)(VLCD3)、间插连接体肽(连接体1)、能够结合至CD123的单克隆抗体的重链可变区(VH结构域)(VHCD123)和C-末端。
这种VLCD3结构域的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:1:
VLCD3的抗原结合结构域包括:
CDRL1(SEQ ID NO:2):
CDRL2(SEQ ID NO:3):
CDRL3(SEQ ID NO:4):
这种连接体1的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:5:这种VHCD123结构域的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:6:
VHCD123的抗原结合结构域包括:
CDRH1(SEQ ID NO:7):
CDRH2(SEQ ID NO:8):
CDRH3(SEQ ID NO:9):
第二多肽链将包括,在N-末端至C-末端方向上,N-末端、能够结合至CD123的单克隆抗体的VL结构域(VLCD123)、间插连接体肽(例如,连接体1)、能够结合至CD3的单克隆抗体的VH结构域(VHCD3)和C-末端。这种VLCD123结构域的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:10:
VLCD123的抗原结合结构域包括:
CDRL1(SEQ ID NO:11):
CDRL2(SEQ ID NO:12):
CDRL3(SEQ ID NO:13):
这种VHCD3结构域的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:14:
VHCD3的抗原结合结构域包括:
CDRH1(SEQ ID NO:15):
CDRH2(SEQ ID NO:16):
CDRH3(SEQ ID NO:17):
本发明的序列优化的的CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体经工程化使得这种第一和第二多肽经半胱氨酸残基沿着它们的长度共价键合至彼此。这种半胱氨酸残基可引入将多肽的VL和VH结构域分开的间插连接体(例如,连接体1)中。可替选地和更优选地,将第二肽(连接体2)引入每条多肽链中,例如,在这种多肽链的N-末端至VL结构域或C-末端至VH结构域的位置处。这种连接体2的优选的序列是SEQ ID NO:18:
异源二聚体的形成可通过进一步工程化这种多肽链以含有带相反电荷的多肽螺旋来驱动。因此,在优选的实施方式中,多肽链之一将经工程化以含有“E-螺旋”结构域(SEQID NO:19:),其残基将在pH 7形成负电荷,而两条多肽链的另一条经工程化以含有“K-螺旋”结构域(SEQ ID NO:20:),其残基将在pH 7形成正电荷。这种带电的结构域的存在促进第一多肽和第二多肽之间的缔合,并且因此促进异源二聚化。
提供哪种螺旋给第一或第二多肽链是不重要的。然而,本发明的优选的序列优化的CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体(“DART-A”)具有第一多肽链,其具有序列(SEQ ID NO:21):
DART-A链1包括:SEQ ID NO:1─SEQ ID NO:5─SEQ ID NO:6─SEQ ID NO:18─SEQ ID NO:19。编码DART-A的第一多肽链的多核苷酸是SEQ ID NO:22:
DART-A的第二多肽链具有序列(SEQ ID NO:23):
DART-A链2包括:SEQ ID NO:10─SEQ ID NO:5─SEQ ID NO:14─SEQ ID NO:18─SEQ ID NO:20。编码DART-A的第二多肽链的多核苷酸是SEQ ID NO:24:
如通过人和食蟹猴细胞所测试的,DART-A具有同时结合CD123和CD3的能力。发现提供DART-A会引起T细胞启动、介导母细胞减少、驱动T细胞扩增、诱导T细胞激活以及引起靶癌细胞的重定向杀伤(表4)。
更特别地,在具有高CD123表达(Kasumi-3(EC50=0.01ng/mL))、中CD123表达(Molm13(EC50=0.18ng/mL)和THP-1(EC50=0.24ng/mL))和中低或低CD123表达(TF-1(EC50=0.46ng/mL)和RS4-11(EC50=0.5ng/mL))的靶细胞系中,无论CD3表位结合特异性如何,DART-A在亚-ng/mL范围中展现出以实现50%的最大活性(EC50)所需的浓度的强大重定向杀伤能力。类似地,在具有来自不同供体的T细胞的多个靶细胞系中也观察到了DART-A-重定向杀伤,并且在不表达CD123的细胞系中没有观察到重定向杀伤活性。结果总结在表5中。
此外,当将人T细胞和肿瘤细胞(Molm13或RS4-11)组合并且皮下注入到NOD/SCIDγ(NSG)敲除的小鼠中,MOLM13肿瘤在0.16、0.5、0.2、0.1、0.02和0.004mg/kg剂量水平被显著地抑制。在MOLM13模型中,0.004mg/kg和更高的剂量是有效的(active)。与RS4-11模型相比,MOLM13模型中与抑制肿瘤生长相关的较低DART-A剂量与体外数据一致,其表明MOLM13细胞比RS4-11细胞具有更高水平的CD123表达,其与MOLM13细胞中对在体外DART-A介导的细胞毒性增加的敏感性相关。
DART-A对来自AML患者的原发性AML样品(骨髓单核细胞(BMNC)和外周血液单核细胞(PBMC))有活性。用DART-A孵育原发性AML骨髓样品导致白血病细胞群体随时间消耗,伴随着残余T细胞(CD4和CD8二者)的相伴扩增以及T细胞激活标志物(CD25和Ki-67)的诱导。在CD8和CD4 T细胞二者中均观察到颗粒酶B和穿孔素水平的上调。与未处理对照或对照DART相比,用DART-A孵育原发性AML骨髓样品导致白血病细胞群体随时间的耗竭。当计数T细胞(CD8和CD4染色)和测定激活(CD25染色)时,与未处理或对照DART样品相比,DART-A样品中的T细胞扩增并且被激活。还发现DART-A能够介导人和食蟹猴PBMC二者中pDC细胞的消耗,食蟹猴pDC早在仅仅10ng/kg DART-A输注后4天的时候被消耗。在DART-A处理的动物中,观察到细胞因子干扰素γ、TNFα、IL-6、IL-5、IL-4和IL-2的水平未升高。这些数据表明,DART-A介导的靶细胞杀伤是通过颗粒酶B和穿孔素通路介导的。
对CD123阴性靶(U937细胞)或对照DART没有观察到活性,表明观察到的T细胞激活严格取决于靶细胞接合,并且DART-A对CD3的单价接合不足以触发T细胞启动。
总而言之,DART-A是基于抗体的分子,其接合TCR的CD3ε亚基以重定向T淋巴细胞针对表达CD123(在数种血液系统恶性肿瘤中上调的抗原)的细胞。DART-A用相似的亲和力结合人和食蟹猴的抗原,并且重定向来自两种物种的T细胞以杀伤CD123+细胞。用每周递增剂量的DART-A一周4或7天输注的猴子,无论给药方案如何,在治疗起始后72小时显示循环CD123+细胞的消耗,其在整个治疗的4周中持续。也发生循环T细胞的减少,但是在4天剂量方案在猴子中的随后输注之前恢复到基线,与DART-A介导的动员(mobilization)一致。DART-A施用增加了循环的PD1+,但不增加TIM-3+T细胞;此外,对来自处理的猴子的T细胞的离体分析展现出未改变的重定向靶细胞裂解,表明没有衰竭。毒性仅限于DART-A第一次输注后细胞因子的最小瞬时释放,而不是在随后的施用之后、甚至在递增剂量时,并且在红细胞团(mass)中最小可逆的减少伴随着在CD123+骨髓祖细胞中的减少。
E.另外的双特异性双抗体分子
包括Fc区并且具有图1B中显示的通式结构的DART-A的可替选的版本在US2016-0200827中描述。含有Fc结构域的CH2和CH3结构域的优选的多肽具有序列(SEQ ID NO:25)(“携带杵的”Fc结构域):
其中X是K或不存在
和序列(SEQ ID NO:26)(“携带臼的”Fc结构域):
其中X是K或不存在
示例性DART-A w/Fc构建体的第一多肽在N-末端至C-末端方向上包括,N-末端、能够结合CD123的单克隆抗体的VL结构域(VLCD123)、间插连接体肽(连接体1)、能够结合CD3的单克隆抗体的VH结构域(VHCD3)、连接体2、E-螺旋结构域、连接体5、肽1、含有Fc结构域的CH2和CH3结构域的多肽和C-末端。优选的连接体5具有序列:GGG。优选的肽1具有序列:DKTHTCPPCP(SEQ ID NO:29)。因此,这种DART-A w/Fc版本1构建体的第一多肽包括:SEQ IDNO:10─SEQ ID NO:5─SEQ ID NO:14─SEQ ID NO:18─SEQ ID NO:19─GGG─SEQ ID NO:29─SEQ ID NO:25(其中X是K)。
这种DART-A w/Fc版本1构建体的第一多肽的优选的序列具有序列(SEQ ID NO:27):
这种DART-A w/Fc版本1构建体的第二条链将包括,在N-末端至C-末端方向上,N-末端、能够结合CD3单克隆抗体的VL结构域(VLCD3)、间插连接体肽(连接体1)、能够结合CD123的单克隆抗体的VH结构域(VHCD123)、连接体2、K-螺旋结构域和C-末端。因此,这种DART-A w/Fc版本1构建体的第二多肽包括:SEQ ID NO:1─SEQ ID NO:5─SEQ ID NO:6─SEQ ID NO:18─SEQ ID NO:20。这种多肽具有序列(SEQ ID NO:28):
这种DART-A w/Fc版本1的第三多肽链将包括IgG Fc结构域的CH2和CH3结构域。优选的多肽包括肽1(DKTHTCPPCP;SEQ ID NO:29)和Fc结构域的CH2和CH3结构域(SEQ ID NO:26,其中X是K)和具有SEQ ID NO:30的序列:
包括可替选的优化的抗CD3结合结构域的另外CD123 x CD3双特异性双抗体在美国申请号:62/631,043(于2018年2月15日提交);和62/738,632(于2018年9月28日提交)(其所有被并入本文)中提供。
III.药物制剂
本发明的组合物包括用于药物组合物的制造的大量药物组合物(例如,不纯的或非无菌组合物)和可用于单位剂型的制备的药物组合物(即,适合于向受试者或患者施用的组合物)。这种组合物包括预防或治疗有效量的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子和药学上可接受的载体。
优选的药物制剂包括CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子和水性稳定剂和任选地药学上可接受的载体。
如本文使用的,术语“药学上可接受的载体”旨在指由监管机构批准或列于美国药典或其他公认的药典中适合于递送至动物和更特别地人的稀释剂、佐剂(例如,弗氏佐剂(完全和不完全))、赋形剂或媒介物。这种药学载体可以是无菌液体,比如水和油,其包括石油、动物、蔬菜或合成来源的那些油,比如花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等。当静脉内施用药物组合物时,水是优选的载体。盐水溶液和水性右旋糖和甘油溶液也可用作液体载体,特别地用于可注射溶液。合适的药学赋形剂包括淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、大米、面粉、白垩、硅胶、硬脂酸钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、滑石、氯化钠、脱脂乳、甘油、丙烯、乙二醇、水、乙醇等。如果需要,组合物还可含有少量的湿润或乳化剂或pH缓冲剂。这些组合物可以采取溶液、悬浮液、乳液、片剂、丸剂、胶囊,粉末、缓释制剂等的形式。
一般而言,将本发明的组合物的成分以单位剂型,例如液体制剂、干燥冷冻干燥粉末或无水浓缩物在指示活性剂的量的气密地密封容器比如小瓶、安瓿或小袋中单独或混合在一起供应。其中组合物通过输注被施用,其可用含有无菌药学级水或盐水的输注瓶子分配。其中组合物通过注射施用,可提供用于注射的无菌水或盐水的安瓿,以便成分可在施用之前混合。
本发明还提供了包括含有单独的或具有稳定剂和/或药学上可接受的载体的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子的一个或多个容器的药物包装或试剂盒。另外,用于治疗疾病的一种或多种其他预防或治疗剂还可被包括在药物包装或试剂盒中。本发明还提供了包括填充有本发明的药物组合物的一种或多种成分的一个或多个容器的药物包装或试剂盒。任选地与这种容器相关的可以是以调控药物制剂或生物产品的制造、用途和销售的政府机构指定的形式的通知,该通知反映了政府机构对用于人施用的制造、用途或销售的批准。
IV.试剂盒
本发明提供了包括CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子、说明材料(例如,与存储、剂量、适应症、副作用、禁忌症等相关的)和任选地可用于以上方法的稳定剂和/或载体的试剂盒。在这种试剂盒中,CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子优选地被包装在优选地指示本文含有的分子的量的气密密封容器比如安瓿、小瓶、小袋等中。容器可由任何药学上可接受的材料,比如玻璃、树脂、塑料等形成。这种试剂盒的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子优选地在气密密封容器中以可例如与水或盐水重构至受试者施用合适的浓度的液体溶液、干燥灭菌冷冻干燥粉末或无水浓缩物供应。这种液体或冷冻干燥材料应在其来源容器中在2和8℃之间存储并且材料应在重构后12小时优选地6小时内、5小时内、3小时或1小时内施用。试剂盒可进一步包括在一个或多个容器中用于治疗癌症的一种或多种其他预防和/或治疗剂;和/或试剂盒可进一步包括结合一种或多种与癌症相关的癌症抗原的一种或多种细胞毒素抗体。在某些实施方式中,其他预防或治疗剂是化疗的。在其他实施方式中,预防或治疗剂是生物或激素治疗性的。试剂盒可进一步包括使用说明书,或其他打印信息。
另外,用于治疗疾病的一种或多种其他预防或治疗剂还可被包括在药物包装或试剂盒中。本发明还提供了包括填充有本发明的药物组合物的一种或多种成分的一个或多个容器的药物包装或试剂盒。任选地与这种容器相关的可以是以调控药物制剂或生物产品的制造、用途和销售的政府机构指定的形式的通知,该通知反映了政府机构对用于人施用的制造、用途或销售的批准。
V.施用的方法
可提供本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子药物制剂用于通过向受试者施用有效量的本发明的分子或包括本发明的融合蛋白质或缀合分子的药物组合物来治疗、预防和改善与疾病、障碍或感染相关的一种或多种症状。在优选的方面中,这种组合物是基本上纯化的(即,基本上不含限制其效果或产生不期望的副作用的物质)。在具体的实施方式中,受试者是动物,优选地哺乳动物比如非灵长类(例如,牛、马、猫、犬、啮齿动物等)或灵长类(例如,猴子比如食蟹猴、人等)。在优选的实施方式中,受试者或患是人。
施用本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子药物制剂的方法包括但不限于肠胃外施用(例如,皮内、肌内、腹膜内、静脉内和皮下)。在具体的实施方式中,静脉内施用CD123x CD3双特异性结合分子。组合物可通过任何方便的通路,例如,通过输注施用,并且可与其他生物活性剂一起施用。
通过输注施用优选地使用输液泵来完成。“输液泵”是医疗设备,其以受控的方式,尤其是在限定的速率并且持续延长的时段将流体递送至患者的身体。输液泵可以机械地供给动力,但是更优选地是电力地供给动力。一些输液泵是“固定式”输液泵并且设计在患者的床边使用。其他的称为“移动式(ambulatory)”输液泵,设计为便携式或可穿戴式。“注射器”泵是一种输液泵,其中将待递送的流体保持在腔室(例如注射器)的贮液器中并且可移动的活塞用于控制腔室的体积且因此流体的递送。在“弹性体”输液泵中,流体被保持在可伸展的球囊贮液器中,并且来自球囊的弹性壁的压力驱动了流体递送。在“蠕动”输液泵中,一组滚子在一段易弯曲的管上向下挤压,将流体向前推动。在“多通道”输液泵中,可以从多个贮液器以多种速率递送流体。“智能泵”是指配备有计算机控制的流体递送系统以便能够响应不良药物相互作用的风险或当泵的参数设置超出指定限制时发出警报的输液泵。输液泵的实例是众所周知的,并且在例如[匿名的]2002“General-Purpose Infusion Pumps,”Health Devices 31(10):353-387中和在美国专利号10,029,051、10,029,047、10,029,045、10,022,495、10,022,494、10,016,559、10,006,454、10,004,846、9,993,600、9,981,082、9,974,901、9,968,729、9,931,463、9,927,943等中提供。
优选的本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子药物制剂通过一个或多个移动式泵促进输注而施用,以便在治疗性方案期间患者将为可移动式的。优选的本发明的CD123 xCD3双特异性结合分子药物制剂通过连续输注施用。在优选的实施方式中,7天连续输注方案包括约30ng/kg患者重量/天的治疗剂量3天,随后约100ng/kg/天的治疗剂量4天(例如,30ng/kg患者重量/天的治疗剂量3天,随后100ng/kg/天的治疗剂量4天等)。在特别地优选的实施方式中,这种7天连续输注方案随后是21天连续输注方案,其中在这种21天方案的每周的1-4天期间施用500ng/kg/天的治疗剂量并且在每周的5-7天期间不施用治疗剂量。可替选地,这种7天连续输注方案随后是21天连续输注方案,其中21天的每天施用500ng/kg/天的治疗剂量。
在治疗的任何以上过程中,另外可监测肿瘤微环境中CD8+T-淋巴细胞的比例。这种监测可发生在施用CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子之前、在CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法的过程期间和/或在CD123 x CD3结合分子疗法的循环的结束后。
VI.本发明的组合物的用途
本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子可用于治疗与CD123表达相关或特征在于CD123表达的任何疾病或病症。特别地,本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子可用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子特别地适合用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤,包括化疗难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤。如本文使用的,化疗难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤是对两种或更多种诱导尝试是难治性的、小于6个月的第一CR或用低甲基化剂治疗的两个或多个周期后失败的血液系统恶性肿瘤。
因此,在没有限制的情况下,这种分子可在急性骨髓样白血病(AML)(包括原发性化疗难治性AML),慢性骨髓样白血病(CML)包括急变期CML和与CML相关的Abelson癌基因(Bcr-ABL易位)、脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)、急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)包括Richter综合征或细胞的Richter转化、毛细胞白血病(HCL)、母细胞浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)包括套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)和小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、系统性肥大細胞增生症和伯基特淋巴瘤的诊断或治疗中采用。本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子可另外用于制备用于治疗上述病症的药物。
本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子特别地适合用于急性骨髓样白血病(AML,包括原发性化疗难治性急性骨髓样白血病)、血液学脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、母细胞浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)或急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)的治疗。
VII.本发明的具体实施方式
现在已经大致地描述了本发明,本发明通过参考以下编号的实施方式(“E1”–“E60”)将更容易理解,实施方式仅通过阐释的方式提供并且除非指定,实施方式不旨在限制本发明:
E1.一种治疗患者中化疗难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法,其中所述方法包括向所述患者施用治疗剂量的CD123 x CD3双特异性分子,所述剂量对刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞有效并且从而治疗所述恶性肿瘤。
E2.根据E1所述的方法,其中所述方法另外包括在所述施用所述CD123 xCD3双特异性分子之前和/或随后,评估来自所述患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达。
E3.根据E2所述的方法,其中所述方法包括在所述施用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前,评估所述一种或多种靶基因和/或所述一种或多种参考基因的表达。
E4.根据E2所述的方法,其中所述方法包括在所述施用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子随后,评估所述一种或多种靶基因和/或所述一种或多种参考基因的表达。
E5.一种确定患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者的方法,其中所述方法包括:
(a)相对于一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达,在施用所述CD123 xCD3双特异性分子之前评估来自所述患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因的表达;和
(b)如果发现所述一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于所述一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的所述表达是增加的,将患者鉴定为用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗的合适应答者。
E6.根据E2-E6的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法评估:
(i)一种或多种靶基因的表达;和
(ii)其表达不与所述血液系统恶性肿瘤特征性相关的一种或多种参考基因。E7.根据E2-E6的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于所述患者的所述一种或多种参考基因的基线表达,所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
E8.根据E2-E7的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体或这种个体的群体的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达,所述患者的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
E9.根据E2-E7的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于对使用CD123x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体或这种个体的群体的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达,所述患者的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
E10.根据E2-E7的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于对使用CD123x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体或这种个体的群体的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达,所述患者的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
E11.根据E7-E10的任一项所述的方法,其中所述群体中所述一种或多种靶基因的相对表达水平通过平均从所述个体的群体获得的细胞样品中基因表达水平而建立。
E12.根据E2-E11的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者展示出至少一种所述靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或(d)在对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少第一四分位数内。
E13.根据E2-E11的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者展示出至少一种所述靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少约0.5的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少第二四分位数内。
E14.根据E2-E11的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者展示出至少一种所述靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第三四分位数;或(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少约0.6的log2倍数变化。
E15.一种治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法,其中所述方法包括:
(a)采用根据E6-E14的任一项所述的方法来确定患者是否是使用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子以所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者;
(b)如果确定所述患者是这种治疗的合适应答者,向所述患者施用治疗剂量的所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子;
其中所述施用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞。
E16.根据E15所述的方法,其中所述方法另外包括在所述治疗开始后一次或多次评估所述患者的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
E17.一种治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的方法,包括:
(a)施用有效治疗剂量的CD123 x CD3双特异性分子;
(b)确定相对于在施用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子之前获得的相应基线表达水平,施用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子后的一个或多个时间点处从所述患者获得的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因的表达;
(c)确定所述一种或多种靶基因的表达是否相对于所述相应基线表达水平是增加的,其中对这种增加的基因表达的确定鉴定所述患者为用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子治疗的合适应答者;和
(d)向任何这种合适应答者患者施用调整的或另外的有效治疗剂量的所述CD123x CD3双特异性分子,
其中所述施用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞。
E18.根据E2-E17的任一项所述的方法,其中所述细胞样品是血液样品。E19.根据E2-E17的任一项所述的方法,其中所述细胞样品是骨髓样品。E20.根据E2-E17的任一项所述的方法,其包括检测患者的骨髓的样品中所述一种或多种靶基因和/或所述一种或多种参考基因的表达水平。E21.根据E2-E20的任一项所述的方法,其中所述评估表达或所述确定所述患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者通过以下进行:
(a)使用基因表达平台,确定一种或多种细胞样品中每种靶基因的基因表达水平;和
(b)比较所述靶基因表达水平与一种或多种参考基因的表达水平。
E22.根据E2-E21的任一项所述的方法,其中所述评估表达或所述确定所述患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者通过以下进行:
(a)使用基因表达平台,测量再一个细胞样品中每种靶基因的原始RNA水平,其中基因表达平台包括看家基因的参考基因集合,和
(b)使用内部参考基因的测量的RNA水平,为靶基因的每个测量的原始RNA水平分配相对表达值。
E23.根据E2-E22的任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种靶基因包括:
(a)以下的一种或多种:CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和STAT1;和/或
(b)以下的一种或多种:CCL5、CD27、CD274、CD276、CD8A、CMKLR1、CXCL9、CXCR6、HLA-DQA1、HLA-DRB1、HLA-E、IDO1、LAG3、NKG7、PDCD1LG2、PSMB10、STAT1和TIGIT;和/或
(c)以下的一种或多种:AREG、CSF3、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CCL20、FOSL1、IER3(NM_003897.4)、IL6和PTGS2;和/或
(d)以下的一种或多种:CCL2、CCL3/L1、CCL4、CCL7和CCL8;和/或
(e)以下的一种或多种:MAGEA3/A6、MAGEA1、MAGEA12、MAGEA4、MAGEB2、MAGEC1和MAGEC2;和/或
(f)以下的一种或多种:APOL6、DTX3L、GBP1、IFI16、IFI27、IFI35、IFI6、IFIH1、IFIT1、IFIT2、IFIT3、IFITM1、IFITM2、IRF1、IRF9、ISG15、MX1、OAS1、OAS2、PARP9、PSMB9、STAT2、TMEM140和TRIM21;和/或
(g)以下的一种或多种:PSMB8、PSMB9和PSMB10;和/或
(h)IL-10;和或(i)CD274;和/或
(j)PDCD1LG2。
E24.根据E23所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种靶基因进一步包括IFNG。E25.根据E2-E24的任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种参考基因包括以下的一种或多种:ABCF1、G6PD、NRDE2、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP和UBB。
E26.根据E2-E25的任一项所述的方法,其中为所述一种或多种靶基因确定了基因标签评分。
E27.根据E26所述的方法,其中所述基因标签评分通过包括以下的方法确定:
(a)使用包括看家基因的参考基因集合的基因表达平台,测量再一个细胞样品中每种靶基因的原始RNA水平,
(b)针对所述管家基因的几何平均值将每个测量的原始RNA水平进行标准化,并任选地进一步针对标准将每个RNA值进行标准化,
(c)对每个标准化的RNA值进行log转换,
(d)将每个log转换的RNA值乘以相应的权重因子以生成加权的RNA值,和
(e)添加加权的RNA值,并且任选地添加调整因子常数,以生成单个基因标签评分。
E28.根据E26或E27所述的方法,其中使用表6和12A-12G中提供的靶基因、评分权重和任选地调整因子来确定所述基因标签评分。
E29.根据E26-E28的任一项所述的方法,其中所述基因标签评分是对于以下的一种或多种确定的基因标签评分:
(a)IFNγ信号传导标签;
(b)肿瘤炎症标签;
(c)骨髓样炎症标签;
(d)炎性趋化因子标签;
(e)MAGE标签;
(f)IFN下游信号传导标签;
(g)免疫蛋白酶体标签;
(h)IL-10标签;
(i)CD274标签;和/或
(j)PDCD1LG2标签。
E30.根据E26-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E31.根据E26-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.5的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的至少第二四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E32.根据E26-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第三四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第三四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.6的log2倍数变化,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E33.根据E28-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中:
(a)所述基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签,并且至少约2.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答和/或
(b)所述基因标签是肿瘤炎症标签,并且至少约5.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答;和/或
(c)所述基因标签是IFN下游信号传导标签,并且至少约4.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
E34.根据E28-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中所述基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签,并且患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E35.根据E28-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中所述基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签,并且患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第二四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.5的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子所述血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的至少第二四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E36.根据E28-E29的任一项所述的方法,其中所述基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签,并且患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第三四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分的第三四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签的评分至少约0.6的log2倍数变化,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。E37.根据E29所述的方法,其中确定IFN优势模块评分和其中至少约25的患者IFN优势模块评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
E38.根据E29所述的方法,其中确定IFN优势模块评分和其中患者IFN优势模块评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述IFN优势模块评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子对所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述IFN优势模块评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
E39.根据E29所述的方法,其中确定IFN优势模块评分和其中患者IFN优势模块评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述IFN优势模块评分的第二四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的IFN优势模块评分的第二四分位数;或
(c)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述IFN优势模块评分的至少第二四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
E40.根据E26-E39的任一项所述的方法,其中展示出以免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签的患者表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗更有利的患者应答。
E41.根据E1-E40的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是包括scFv的双特异性抗体或双特异性分子。
E42.根据E41所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是JNJ-63709178、XmAb14045或APVO436。
E43.根据E1-E40的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是具有两条、三条或四条多肽链的共价键合的双特异性双抗体。
E44.根据E43所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是包括以下的双抗体:
(a)具有SEQ ID NO:21的氨基酸序列的第一多肽链;和
(b)具有SEQ ID NO:23的氨基酸序列的第二多肽链;和
其中第一和所述第二多肽链通过二硫键彼此共价键合。
E45.根据E1-E44的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤选自由下述组成的组中:急性骨髓样白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓样白血病(CML)、急变期CML、与CML相关的Abelson癌基因(Bcr-ABL易位),脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)、急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、Richter综合征、CLL的Richter转化、毛细胞白血病(HCL)、母细胞浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)包括套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)和小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、系统性肥大細胞增生症和伯基特淋巴瘤。
E46.根据E45所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是ML。
E47.根据E45所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是MDS。
E48.根据E45所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是BPDCN。
E49.根据E45所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是T-ALL。
E50根据E2-E49的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是对化疗是难治性的。
E51.根据E1或E50所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤对基于阿糖胞苷/蒽环类的细胞毒素化疗是难治性的。
E52.根据E1或E50所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤对去甲基化剂化疗是难治性的。
E53.根据E2-E52的任一项所述的方法,进一步包括确定与由正常PBMC表达的相应基线水平CD123相比,母细胞(癌细胞)的CD123的水平表达。E54.根据E56所述的方法,其中所述表达水平通过CD123的细胞表面表达进行测量。
E55.根据E54所述的方法,其中所述CD123的表面表达相对于基线表达水平增加至少约20%。
E56.根据E55所述的方法,其中所述CD123表达的增加使患者对用所述CD123 xCD3双特异性分子的治疗更应答。
E57.根据E1-E4或E6-E56的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 xCD3双特异性分子的所述治疗剂量包括选自由30、100、300和500ng/kg患者重量/天组成的组的至少一种剂量。
E58.根据E57所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂量包括30ng/kg/天的剂量。E59.根据E57所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂量包括100ng/kg患者重量/天的剂量。
E60.根据E57所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂量包括300ng/kg患者重量/天的剂量。
E61.根据E57所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂量包括500ng/kg患者重量/天的剂量。
E62.根据E1-E4或E6-E561的任一项所述的方法,其中所述治疗剂量通过连续输注进行施用。
E63.根据E1-E62的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者是人类患者。
实施例
现在已经大致地描述了本发明,本发明通过参考以下实施例将更容易理解,实施例通过阐释的方式提供并且除非指定,实施方式不旨在限制本发明。
实施例1
特别适合于本发明的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子治疗的患者群体的基因表达标签
为了证明具有血液系统恶性肿瘤,特别是AML的患者的基因表达模式与CD123 xCD3双特异性结合分子疗法的有利结果之间的相关性,从来自参加伏妥珠单抗(NCT#02152956,示例性CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子)的1/2期临床试验的具有复发或难治性AML的40名患者,从具有个体患者同意书的患者获得的78个骨髓(“BM”)样品(36个在基线,27个在第一次治疗周期之后,15个在第二治疗周期之后)分离RNA。使用nCounterTM系统(NanoString Technologies,Inc)评估基因表达,该系统能够在单一反应中以高灵敏度和线性度对低丰度转录本进行直接多重mRNA定量(Vadakekolathu,J.,等(2017)“Immunegene Expression Profiling In Children And Adults With Acute Myeloid LeukemiaIdentifies Distinct Phenotypic Patterns,”Blood 130:3942-3942;Payton,J.E.,等(2009).“High throughput digital quantification of mRNA abundance in primaryhuman acute myeloid leukemia samples,”J Clin Invest 119:1714-1726)。来自36名患者的基线骨髓样品被包括在分析中,其中35名患者以≥500ng/kg/天的剂量治疗。NanoStringPanCancer IO360TM测定(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)比较了750个基因的表达谱,这些基因涵盖了在肿瘤界面、肿瘤微环境和免疫应答的关键通路,包括14种免疫细胞类型和32个免疫肿瘤学标签的水平。NanoStringPanCancerIO 360TM测定还比较了对照和内部参考基因的表达谱以进行数据标准化,如以下提供的。
表达谱包括以下通路或细胞的基因标签:增殖、JAKSTAT损失、内皮细胞、B7-H3、APM损失、糖酵解活性、肥大细胞、细胞毒性、细胞毒性细胞、CD8 T细胞、淋巴样细胞、T细胞、Treg细胞、CTLA4、TIS、Th1细胞、TIGIT、NK CD56dim细胞、NK细胞、细胞凋亡、低氧、ARG1、IL-10、IFNγ、巨噬细胞、骨髓样、中性粒细胞、PD-L2、基质、树突细胞(DC)、MAGEs、IDO1、B细胞、PD-1、NOS2、炎症性趋化因子、PD-L1、CD45、耗竭的CD8 T细胞、免疫蛋白酶体、APM、IFN下游调节基因、骨髓样炎症性基因、MHC2基因、TGFβ、MMR损失。
所有IO360基因标签分析是使用nCounterTM系统(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)和IO 360报告模块进行的,基本上如以下描述的。
干扰素(IFN)γ信号传导标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性的、非限制性的NCBI登录号)和权重因子显示在以下表6中。
计算IFNγ信号传导标签评分,进行以下步骤:
·将每个基因的原始数据计数针对每个样品的10个管家(HK)基因(ABCF1、NRDE2、G6PD、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP、UBB)的几何平均值进行标准化。
·然后,将HK标准化数据针对IO 360面板标准进行标准化,在这种情况下,这些数据在与群组样品相同的盒上运行。
·然后,对每个标准化的基因计数进行对数转换。
·一旦标准化和对数转换,每个基因乘以表6中的权重。
·将这些加权的计数中的每一个加和以生成单个评分。调整因子,即添加至最终计算的评分中的常数,对于IFNγ信号传导标签,调整因子是6.457026。调整因子源自最低观察评分(来自TCGA和细胞系分析),以使评分范围大于0。
一般而言,IFNγ信号传导标签评分的可能范围是0至10。对于该第一群组,范围是1至5。为每个基线(筛选日-14)样品计算评分。
以下提供了检测的另外标签的基因和权重因子。
如以下详述的,进行了几个分析,比较该群组的IFNγ信号传导特征评分(和所有IO360特征评分)。以森林图提供了不同患者组之间的倍数变化差异,其中框大小代表显著性,并且每条线表示置信区间(参见,例如,图3A-3C和图5A)。以箱线图提供了患者组之间的IFNγ信号传导标签评分分布(参见,例如,图5B)。
分析基因的基线表达与患者是否对常规的化疗具有难治性应答(即,对阿糖胞苷与柔红霉素联合给予的治疗方案(例如,7+3诱导疗法)的患者难治性应答(缩写为RefCTX或CTX难治性)或对去甲基化剂(例如,地西他滨和阿扎胞苷)治疗方案的患者难治性应答(缩写为RefHMA或HMA难治性)或患者复发(复发)。具有继发性AML(即,从脊髓发育不良演变的AML或作为先前化疗的产物)包括在HMA难治性组中进行这些分析。这些数据还与患者对使用伏妥珠单抗的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答相关。图4提供了以靶剂量治疗的25名可评估患者的瀑布图。这些应答被评分为客观应答(OR)或作为无应答(NR)。除了展示出完全缓解(CR)的患者外,OR包括展示出分子完全缓解(mCR)、完全缓解但血液学不完全改善(CRi)、形态学无白血病的状态(MLF)和部分应答(PR)的所有患者。除了无应答患者外,NR还包括展现出进行性疾病/治疗失败(PD)和稳定疾病(SD)的所有患者。
图2提供了从结果生成的46个IO 360标签或细胞类型的无监督的层次聚类。结果显示了36个骨髓样品(每个在单独的列中)相对于评估的基因标签(每个在单独的行中)的基线表达水平。每个IO 360标签评分都在该群组的评分内重新调整为-3至+3的范围,以便于跨标签进行比较。
基线BM样品的基因表达分析将AML患者分为免疫连续性内的3个集群:免疫消耗、免疫耗竭和免疫富集(图2)、原发性难治性疾病的患者(复发;难治性≥2次诱导尝试、<6个月的首次CR或在≥4个周期的去甲基化剂后失败,HMA)普遍显示免疫浸润肿瘤微环境(TME)表型,其中包括与复发患者相比更高的炎症性趋化因子评分(3.27±0.22与2.46±0.07,p=0.026)。在该组内,化疗-难治性和HMA-难治性患者分别进一步分为免疫富集和免疫耗竭表型。与免疫-耗竭和免疫富集表型相关的基因标签在以下表7中列出,并且在图3A、3B和5A中所示的森林图中显示。
所有难治性和复发患者之间(图3A)、HMA-难治性和复发患者之间(图3B)、HMA-难治性和CTX-难治性患者(图3C)之间的许多基因标签的基线倍数变化差异的森林图指示HMA-难治性患者展示出更衰老的表型。具体地,HMA-难治性患者显示出免疫耗竭和适应性免疫抗性的特征,包括TIGIT的上调(5.55±0.34对比3.85±0.24,p=0.006)、PD-L1(3.55±0.18对比2.4±0.29,p=0.009)和Treg细胞(4.87±0.23对比3.69±0.19,p=0.0009)以及与CTX-难治性患者相比,增加的耗竭的CD8 T细胞(CD244、EOMES、LAG3和PTGER4)的趋势(图3A-3C)。图3D-3O中绘制了几个与免疫富集(集群2,图3D-3I)或免疫耗竭的(集群3,图3J-3O)谱相关的基因标签评分。骨髓样(图3D)、巨噬细胞(图3E)、中性粒细胞(图3F)、B细胞(图3G)、IFNγ(图3H)、PD-L1(图3I)、TIGIT(图3J)、CTLA-4(图3K)、Th1(图3L)、CTL(图3M)、CD8 T细胞(图3N)和细胞毒性(图3O)中,绘制了每个集群的基因标签评分(免疫耗竭的(Depl.)、免疫富集的(Enriched)和免疫耗竭的(Exh.)并报告了p值(Kruskal-Wallis)。
在OR患者(包括表现出展示CR,完全缓解;mCR,分子CR;CRi,完全缓解但血液学不完全改善;MLF,形态学无白血病的状态;或PR,部分应答的所有患者))和NR患者(包括展示出SD,稳定疾病;或PD,进行性疾病/治疗失败的所有患者)之间进行IFNγ信号传导标签评分的比较分析。图4显示了25名患者(分类为复发(RL)患者或者化疗难治性(CTX)或HMA-难治性(HMA)患者)骨髓样品中存在的母细胞的变化(相对于基线),如测量它们对以500ng/kg/天的靶剂量的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子伏妥珠单抗的应答。对原发性难治性患者的疗法的客观应答(OR)率是50%(7/14)。原发性难治性患者的完全缓解(CR)率是35.7%(5/14)。
图5A呈现了OR患者和NR患者(包括PD、SD、TF、NE)之间的基线倍数变化差异的森林图,显示在OR患者的基线样品中增加IFNγ信号传导标签的表达(在图5A中的框,显示了NR的变化)。此外,OR患者中TIS和IFN下游标签基本上增加。图5B显示OR患者中IFNγ信号传导标签评分的分布增加。特别地,与无应答者相比,对伏妥珠单抗的应答者在基线处显示出显著更高的IFNγ信号传导标签评分(3.31±0.32对比2.27±0.11,p=0.0005)。测量IFNγ信号传导标签评分的敏感性和特异性以预测应答诊断能力。使用不同阈值截止值对该群组中的数据范围进行对所有样品进行自助(bootstrapping)。阈值或敏感性和特异性值的置信区间(CI)是使用自助重采样和平均方法计算的。在所有自助CI中,对患者进行重新采样并且在计算目标统计数据之前构建修饰的曲线。如在自助比较测试中,默认情况下重采样以分层方式进行。图5C中绘制了接受者操作特征(本文缩写为ROC)曲线下面积,显示了IFNγ信号传 导标签评分的预测性能曲线下面积(AUC)=0.819。该图显示了真阳性率(TPR)和假阳性率(FPR),这些是使用该群组的最佳评分截止值实现的,用于将样本称为高或低的IFNγ信号传 导标签评分。没有预测能力的标签会拥有沿着对角线的ROC曲线,而完美预测标签会有到达左上角的曲线。线周围的阴影区域指示置信区间。这些数据还与原发性难治性患者中更高频率的应答者一致,与复发患者相比,这些患者通常展示出更高的INFγ信号传导标签。相应地,基线IFNγ信号传导标签评分显示与患者对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答相关性强(伏妥珠单抗治疗的患者的AUC=0.919;图5C)。表8(集群免疫消耗的(集群1)和免疫浸润的(集群2-3))和表9(免疫耗竭的(集群2)和免疫富集的(集群3))中总结了集群之间基线处免疫标签的比较和应答率。
*35/38患者的应答数据可用
*35/38患者的应答数据可用
与刺激细胞毒素细胞或与CD8+T细胞相关的一组基因的基因表达标签在来自预治疗的骨髓样品(“基础”)和来自用伏妥珠单抗治疗的第一周期(“周期1”)后的骨髓样品的RNA中进行检查。该研究的结果显示在图6中。结果表明,用伏妥珠单抗治疗能够刺激肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞。此外,周期1后BM样品与基线样品的比较显示,用伏妥珠单抗治疗导致免疫细胞浸润和免疫启动评分增加,如由更高的肿瘤炎症标签(6.49±0.20对比5.93±0.12,p=0.015)与增强的免疫蛋白酶体(5.72±0.07对比5.23±0.10,p=0.0002)和IFNγ信号传导标签(3.38±0.23对比2.53±0.14,p=0.0015)评分所反映的。因此,伏妥珠单抗-诱导的肿瘤微环境(TME)基因激活表明免疫富集标签而不是免疫耗竭标签。
如图7中显示的,伏妥珠单抗应答性群体–尤其是那些以前对化疗是难治性的患者–展现出更高的CD123表达。
通过流式细胞术对筛选期间收集的AML原始细胞样品分析PD-L1表达。如图8中显示的,在伏妥珠单抗治疗中早期(<15天)进展的患者在AML细胞上的PD-L1基线水平高于其他患者,并且具有应答的证据(SD、OB、PR、CR)。该研究的结果指示PD-L1表达与体内活性降低相关联,并且支持PD-1/PD-L1拮抗物与CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的组合使用(参见,例如,WO 2017/214092)。
这些数据一起指示基线处的IFNγ信号传导标签与CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答相关。大多数对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法显示出抗白血病活性的患者(6/7;86%)在骨髓中具有高免疫浸润,其中最敏感的群体是免疫富集的群体。此外,用HMA先前治疗的患者显示出免疫富集但耗竭的肿瘤微环境(例如,骨髓),检查点表达增加,表明CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子治疗与免疫检查点阻断相组合的潜在益处。不受任何特定理论的束缚,CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法可以激发免疫耗竭的肿瘤微环境,如该群体中25%的抗白血病活性所指出的。特别地,看见D123 x CD3双特异性结合分子,ART-A进行治疗,可以增强免疫激活、抗原加工/呈递和IFNγ信号传导标签评分。
实施例2
复发和化疗难治性患者群体的基因表达标签
进行了另外的分析以进一步探索在免疫浸润AML病例中包括但不限于IFNγ信号传导标签、TIS和干扰素下游标签的基因标签更高表达与从靶向CD123 x CD3的双特异性免疫疗法试剂,比如伏妥珠单抗的治疗中获益之间的相关性。该分析侧重于参加CP-MGD006-01临床试验(NCT#02152956)的来自30名化疗难治性(≥2次诱导尝试难治性,<6个月的首次完全缓解)或复发AML患者的基因标签和标签组合(使用NanoStringPanCancer IO360TM试验测定获得,基本上如以下描述的)。该分析排除了来自HMA难治性患者的样品,并且包括了先前未分析的复发和化疗难治性患者的另外样品。
该分析在基线处将复发和难治性AML患者BM样本分层为两种免疫亚型,在本文中通过汇总三个标签模块:IFN优势、适应性和骨髓样的评分将其称为免疫浸润的和免疫消耗的(图9)。与三个标签模块相关的基因标签在以下表10中列出。模块评分是每个样品中单个基因标签评分的总和(每个基因标签评分的计算如以上提供的)。
单个-基因标签
图9提供了在CP-MGD006-01临床试验(NCT#02152956)中接受伏妥珠单抗免疫疗法之前具有复发/难治性AML患者的骨髓(BM)微环境中免疫和生物活性标签的无监督的层次聚类(Euclidean距离,完全的链接)。应答者是展现出抗白血病应答的个体,定义为完全缓解(CR)、具有不完全血液学恢复的CR(CRi)、部分血液学恢复的CR(CRh)、部分缓解(PR)或“其他益处”(OB;>30% BM母细胞减少)。无应答者是具有治疗失败(TF)、疾病稳定(SD)或进行性疾病(PD)的个体。化疗难治性定义为≥2次诱导尝试或具有<6个月的初始CR持续时间的首次CR。每个IO360标签评分在该群组的评分内重新调整为-3至+3的范围,以便跨标签进行比较。
来自92%的具有抗白血病应答证据的患者(12人中的11人)对用伏妥珠单抗的CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的BM样品相对于无应答者具有免疫-浸润TME(图9)。
图10呈现了来自30名化疗难治性或复发AML患者分析的应答者(CR、CRi、CRh、PR和OB)和未应答者(PD、SD、TF)之间基线倍数变化差异的森林图。与以上实施例1中提供的分析一致,IFNγ信号传导标签、IFN下游标签和肿瘤炎症标签(图10中框)的表达在应答者对比未应答者的基线样品中增加。此外,构成IFN优势模块的大多数基因标签在应答者对比未应答者的基线样本中增加(在图10中加星标)。
难治性患者与复发患者之间IFNγ信号传导标签(图11A)、IFN下游标签(图11B)、肿瘤炎症标签(TIS,图11C)和IFN优势模块(图11D)评分的分布绘制在图11A-11D中。难治性患者中的评分分布增加。构成无应答者(NR)和应答者(OR)中IFN优势模块和肿瘤炎症标签的九个基因标签的评分的分布绘制在图12A-12J中:IFNγ信号传导标签(图12A);IFN下游标签(图12B);骨髓样炎症标签(图12C);免疫蛋白酶体标签(图12D);炎性趋化因子标签(图12E);MAGE标签(图12F);PD-L1标签(图12G);PD-L2标签(图12H);IL10标签(图12I);肿瘤炎症标签(TIS,图12J)。这些基因标签的评分分布在应答的患者中增加。特别地,如表11中显示的,与无应答者相比,应答者在基线处表现出明显更高的IFNγ信号传导标签、IFN下游标签、TIS和IFN优势模块评分。使用Mann Whitney U检验进行未配对确定的比较。
测量这组患者构成IFN优势模块、TIS和IFN优势模块的九个基因标签的评分的敏感性(真阳性率)和特异性(假阳性率)以预测应答诊断能力(ROC AUC)基本上如上所述。显示预测性能的ROC曲线呈现在图13A-13K中:IFNγ信号传导标签(图13A,AUC=0.750);IFN下游标签(图13B,AUC=0.755);骨髓样炎症标签(图13C,AUC=0.69);免疫蛋白酶体标签(图13D,AUC=0.505);炎性趋化因子标签(图13E,AUC=0.764);MAGE标签(图13F,AUC=0.736);PD-L1标签(图13G,AUC=0.699);PD-L2标签(图13H,AUC=0.727);IL10标签(图13I,AUC=0.745);TIS(图13J,AUC=0.852)和IFN优势模块(图13K,AUC=0.806)。
治疗中的BM样品(在周期1结束时在19名患者中可获得的)显示出相对于基线样品增加的抗原呈递和免疫激活(用Mann Whitney U检验进行比较以进行未配对确定),如由更高TIS评分(6.47±0.22对比5.93±0.15,p=0.0006,图14A),抗原加工机制(APM)标签评分(5.67±0.16对比5.31±0.12,p=0.002,图14C),IFN-γ信号传导标签评分(3.58±0.27对比2.81±0.24,p=0.0004,图14B)和PD-L1标签评分(3.43±0.28对比2.73±0.21,p=0.0062;图14D)反映。结果证实了具有免疫浸润TME的AML患者的临床益处,并且支持CD123x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的局部免疫调节作用。
如上所述,已经报道具有免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境(“TME”)的AML患者经历了显著更短的无复发生存,表明对标准诱导化疗的难治性(Vadakekolathu,J.等(2017)“T Immune Gene Expression Profiling in Children and Adults with AcuteMyeloid Leukemia Identifies Distinct Phenotypic Patterns,”Blood 130:3942A)。这些数据表明,基线处IFNγ信号传导标签、IFN下游标签和IFN优势模块评分与对标准化疗的难治性和对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答密切相关。此外,在本文评估的高度预治疗的个体中(平均4个先前的疗法线),构成IFN优势模块和肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)的大多数基因标签显示与对CD123 x CD3双特异性结合分子疗法的应答相关。在与治疗时复发AML相比具有化疗难治性AML患者中和与无应答者相比具有抗白血病活性证据的个体中,这些评分中的每一个显著更高。ROC曲线和AUC值反映了强相关性。
基因标签
IO 360基因计数是使用系统(NanoString Technologies,Inc.)生成的,基本上如下:从骨髓抽吸物中纯化RNA(每个样品~100ng),并且与报告和捕获探针混合物一起孵育,用于杂交。使用高分辨率设置在nCounter FLEX分析系统上分析转录体计数。报告基因计数(RCC)输出文件用于使用生物相关基因集合的预定义线性组合(加权的平均值)计算基因标签评分,基本上如先前描述的,如本文详述的。
以上详细地描述了IFNγ信号传导标签。免疫细胞类型丰度标签在Danaher,P.,等,2017,“Gene Expression Markers of Tumor Infiltrating Leukocytes,”J ImmunotherCancer 5,18)中定义;肿瘤炎症标签在Danaher,P.,等,2018(“Pan-cancer AdaptiveImmune Resistance as Defined by the Tumor Inflammation Signature(TIS):ResultsFrom The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),”J Immunother Cancer.6(1):63)(还参见Ayers.M.,等2017,“IFN-γ–Related mRNA Profile Predicts Clinical Response to PD-1blockade”J Clin Invest.127(8):2930-2940和WO 2016/094377中描述的T细胞-发炎的GEP)中描述的,其他标签在Danaher,P.,等,(2018,“Development of Gene ExpressionSignatures Characterizing The Tumor-Immune Interaction,”J Clin Oncol 36,205-205)中定义。为了易于参考,以下提供了这些研究中使用的选择的基因标签的基因和权重因子。
肿瘤炎症标签(TIS)基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子(参见,例如WO 2016/094377)显在以下表12A中示。
干扰素(IFN)下游标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子在以下表12B中显示。该标签的调整因子是:5.342598。
炎症性趋化因子(炎性趋化因子)标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子在以下表12C中显示。该标签的调整因子是:6.0968。
MAGE标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子在以下表12D中显示。该标签的调整因子是:3.965625。
骨髓样炎症(骨髓样炎症(Myeloid Inflam))标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子在以下表12E中显示。该标签的调整因子是:5.41931。
免疫蛋白酶体标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和权重因子在以下表12F中显示。该标签的调整因子是:6.096812。
单个基因标签基因(包括每个基因的代表性、非限制性NCBI登录号)和调整因子在以下表12G中显示。
标签评分基本上如以上描述的计算,除了一旦标准化和对数转换,每个基因乘以表12A-12F中提供的权重,并且添加指定的调整因子。对于单个基因标签(例如,PDL1)不使用权重,将log2标准化的基因表达值添加至表12G中提供的调整因子。
本说明书中提及的所有公开和专利以相同的程度通过引用并入本文,如同每个单独的公开或专利申请被明确且单独地指出以其整体通过引用并入一样。尽管本发明已经结合其具体实施方式进行了描述,但是应当理解它能进一步改变,并且本申请意欲涵盖本发明的任何变化、用途或调整,其总体上遵循本发明的原理并且包括落入本发明所属领域内的已知或惯用实践内的并且可适用于前文所提出的实质特征的这种偏离。
Claims (30)
1.CD123 x CD3双特异性分子在制造用于治疗有需要的患者的化疗难治性血液系统恶性肿瘤的药物中的用途,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子被配制以有效刺激杀伤所述患者中所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的细胞的剂量使用。
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子被配制用于在通过离体方法评估获得自所述患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达之前和/或随后使用。
3.一种确定患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者的离体方法,其中所述方法包括:
(a)相对于一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的表达,评估获得自所述患者的细胞样品中一种或多种靶基因的表达;和
(b)如果发现所述一种或多种靶基因的表达相对于所述一种或多种靶基因和/或参考基因的所述表达是增加的,将所述患者鉴定为用CD123 xCD3双特异性分子治疗的合适应答者。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估:
(i)所述一种或多种靶基因的表达;和
(ii)一种或多种参考基因的表达,其表达不与所述血液系统恶性肿瘤特征性相关。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于所述患者的所述一种或多种参考基因的基线表达,所述一种或多种靶基因的表达。
6.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-5的任一项所述的方法,其中所述方法包括评估相对于获得自以下的细胞样品中的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达,所述患者的所述一种或多种靶基因的表达:
(a)正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体或这种个体的群体;或
(b)对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体或这种个体的群体;或
(c)对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体或这种个体的群体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途或方法,其中所述个体的群体中所述一种或多种靶基因的相对表达水平通过平均从所述个体的群体获得的细胞样品中基因表达水平而建立。
8.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-7的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者展示出至少一种所述靶基因的表达水平:
(a)大于正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中所述靶基因的表达水平的至少第一四分位数内。
9.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-8的任一项所述的方法,其中所述细胞样品是骨髓样品。
10.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-9的任一项所述的方法,其中所述评估表达或所述确定所述患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者包括以下步骤:
(a)使用基因表达平台确定一种或多种细胞样品中所述一种或多种靶基因的每种的表达水平;和
(b)比较所述一种或多种靶基因的每种的表达水平与所述一种或多种参考基因的表达水平。
11.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-10的任一项所述的方法,其中所述评估表达或所述确定所述患者是否是使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子以治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的合适应答者包括以下步骤:
(a)使用包括看家基因的参考基因集合的基因表达平台,测量一种或多种细胞样品中所述一种或多种靶基因的每种的原始RNA水平,和
(b)使用内部参考基因的测量的RNA水平,为所述一种或多种靶基因的每种的每个测量的原始RNA水平分配相对表达值。
12.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-11的任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种靶基因包括:
(a)以下的一种或多种:CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11和STAT1;和/或
(b)以下的一种或多种:CCL5、CD27、CD274、CD276、CD8A、CMKLR1、CXCL9、CXCR6、HLA-DQA1、HLA-DRB1、HLA-E、IDO1、LAG3、NKG7、PDCD1LG2、PSMB10、STAT1和TIGIT;和/或
(c)以下的一种或多种:AREG、CSF3、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CCL20、FOSL1、IER3(NM_003897.4)、IL6和PTGS2;和/或
(d)以下的一种或多种:CCL2、CCL3/L1、CCL4、CCL7和CCL8;和/或
(e)以下的一种或多种:MAGEA3/A6、MAGEA1、MAGEA12、MAGEA4、MAGEB2、MAGEC1和MAGEC2;和/或
(f)以下的一种或多种:APOL6、DTX3L、GBP1、IFI16、IFI27、IFI35、IFI6、IFIH1、IFIT1、IFIT2、IFIT3、IFITM1、IFITM2、IRF1、IRF9、ISG15、MX1、OAS1、OAS2、PARP9、PSMB9、STAT2、TMEM140和TRIM21;和/或
(g)以下的一种或多种:PSMB8、PSMB9and PSMB10;和/或
(h)IL-10;和/或
(i)CD274;和/或
(j)PDCD1LG2。
13.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-12的任一项所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种参考基因包括以下的一种或多种:ABCF1、G6PD、NRDE2、OAZ1、POLR2A、SDHA、STK11IP、TBC1D10B、TBP和UBB。
14.根据权利要求2所述的用途或权利要求3-13的任一项所述的方法,其中为所述一种或多种靶基因确定基因标签评分。
15.权利要求14所述的用途或方法,其中所述基因标签评分通过包括以下的方法确定:
(a)使用包括看家基因的参考基因集合的基因表达平台,测量一种或多种细胞样品中所述一种或多种靶基因的每种的原始RNA水平,
(b)针对所述管家基因的几何平均值将每个测量的原始RNA水平进行标准化,并任选地进一步针对标准将每个RNA值进行标准化,
(c)对每个标准化的RNA值进行log转换,
(d)将每个log转换的RNA值乘以相应的权重因子以生成加权的RNA值,和
(e)添加加权的RNA值,并且任选地添加调整因子常数,以生成所述基因标签评分。
16.权利要求14-15中的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中使用表6和12A-12G中提供的靶基因、评分权重和任选地调整因子确定所述基因标签评分。
17.根据权利要求14-16的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中所述基因标签评分是对于以下的一种或多种确定的:
(a)IFNγ信号传导标签;
(b)肿瘤炎症标签;
(c)骨髓样炎症标签;
(d)炎性趋化因子标签;
(e)MAGE标签;
(f)IFN下游信号传导标签;
(g)免疫蛋白酶体标签;
(h)IL-10标签;
(i)PD-L1标签;和/或
(j)PD-L2标签。
18.根据权利要求14-17的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中患者基因标签评分:
(a)大于从正遭受所述血液系统恶性肿瘤的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签评分的评分的第一四分位数;或
(b)大于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签评分的评分的第一四分位数;或
(c)具有相对于从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤没有成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签评分的评分至少约0.4的log2倍数变化;或
(d)在从对使用CD123 x CD3双特异性分子治疗所述血液系统恶性肿瘤成功应答的个体的群体中一种或多种所述靶基因的表达水平计算的所述基因标签评分的评分的至少第一四分位数内,
表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗有利的患者应答。
19.根据权利要求17-18的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中:
(a)所述基因标签评分是对于IFNγ信号传导标签确定的,并且至少约2.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗有利的患者应答,和/或
(b)所述基因标签评分是对于肿瘤炎症标签确定的,并且至少约5.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗有利的患者应答;和/或
(c)所述基因标签评分是对于IFN下游信号传导标签确定的,并且至少约4.5的患者基因标签评分表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗有利的患者应答。
20.根据权利要求17-19的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中所述基因标签是IFNγ信号传导标签、肿瘤炎症标签或IFN下游信号传导标签。
21.根据权利要求16-20的任一项所述的用途或方法,其中展示出以免疫富集的和IFNγ优势的肿瘤微环境为特征的基因表达标签的患者表明是对用所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子的治疗有利的患者应答。
22.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-21的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是包括scFv的双特异性抗体或双特异性分子。
23.根据权利要求22所述的用途或方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是JNJ-63709178、XmAb14045或APVO436。
24.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-21的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子是包括以下的共价键合的双特异性双抗体:
(a)具有SEQ ID NO:21的氨基酸序列的第一多肽链;和
(b)具有SEQ ID NO:23的氨基酸序列的第二多肽链;并且
其中所述第一和第二多肽链通过二硫键彼此共价键合。
25.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-24的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤选自由下述组成的组中:急性骨髓样白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓样白血病(CML)、急变期CML、与CML相关的Abelson癌基因(Bcr-ABL易位)、脊髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)、急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、Richter综合征、CLL的Richter转化、毛细胞白血病(HCL)、母细胞浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、霍奇金淋巴瘤、系统性肥大細胞增生症和伯基特淋巴瘤。
26.根据权利要求25所述的用途或方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤是AML。
27.根据权利要求3-26的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者的所述血液系统恶性肿瘤对化疗是难治性的。
28.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-27的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子被配制用于以30ng/kg患者重量/天、100ng/kg患者重量/天、300ng/kg患者重量/天或500ng/kg患者重量/天的剂量使用。
29.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-28的任一项所述的方法,其中所述CD123 x CD3双特异性分子被配制用于通过连续输注施用。
30.根据权利要求1-2的任一项所述的用途或权利要求3-29的任一项所述的方法,其中所述患者是人类患者。
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JP2022513402A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
SG11202104367RA (en) | 2021-05-28 |
WO2020092404A8 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
JP7551066B2 (ja) | 2024-09-17 |
BR112021008283A2 (pt) | 2021-09-14 |
CA3118081A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
CN113286633A (zh) | 2021-08-20 |
WO2020092404A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
IL282827A (en) | 2021-06-30 |
EP3873606A4 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
JP2024178163A (ja) | 2024-12-24 |
MX2021004868A (es) | 2021-09-08 |
CN119280393A (zh) | 2025-01-10 |
AU2019371243A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
KR20210110567A (ko) | 2021-09-08 |
EP3873606A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
ZA202102775B (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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