CN119230360A - X-ray image intensifier, X-ray camera and imaging method - Google Patents
X-ray image intensifier, X-ray camera and imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN119230360A CN119230360A CN202411555467.2A CN202411555467A CN119230360A CN 119230360 A CN119230360 A CN 119230360A CN 202411555467 A CN202411555467 A CN 202411555467A CN 119230360 A CN119230360 A CN 119230360A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/35—Electrodes exhibiting both secondary emission and photo-emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
- H01J31/506—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect
- H01J31/507—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect using a large number of channels, e.g. microchannel plates
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray image intensifier, which belongs to the technical field of X-ray imaging, and is sequentially provided with a scintillator, a photocathode, an anti-ion feedback film, a microchannel plate and an output fluorescent screen along the incident direction of X-rays, wherein the photocathode is made of CsPbBr 3, and the photocathode made of CsPbBr 3 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, so that the working requirement of a wide spectral range can be met, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, csPbBr 3 has better thermal stability and environmental stability, the photocathode is not easily influenced by external factors such as humidity and oxidation, the service life and the performance stability of equipment can be improved, and CsPbBr 3 belongs to perovskite materials, so that the photocathode can be manufactured by adopting a low-cost solution method, and the preparation cost can be remarkably reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of X-ray imaging, and particularly relates to an X-ray image intensifier, an X-ray camera and an imaging method.
Background
The image intensifier is typically composed of a photocathode, a microchannel plate and a phosphor screen. The existing image intensifier often adopts GaAs or Cs 2 Te and other materials to manufacture photocathodes, and the photocathodes have better quantum efficiency, but the following problems still exist in the use process:
1) The photocathode has the defects in the aspects of high working frequency and wide spectral response range, and cannot meet the requirements of modern high-speed and broadband photodetectors;
2) In high temperature or severe environment, the photocathode is easy to generate photoelectric property degradation, and the operation stability of equipment is affected;
3) The preparation process of the photocathode is complex, strict process control and high vacuum environment are required, and accordingly the production cost and difficulty are increased in the production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing an X-ray image intensifier, an X-ray camera and an imaging method so as to meet the requirements of high sensitivity, wide spectral response, stable working performance, low manufacturing cost and convenience.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An X-ray image intensifier is sequentially provided with a scintillator, a photocathode, an anti-ion feedback film, a microchannel plate and an output fluorescent screen along the incident direction of X-rays;
The photocathode is made of CsPbBr 3.
The invention also provides an X-ray camera, which comprises a shell, an input window, an optical fiber light cone, a scientific camera and the X-ray image intensifier;
the shell is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends;
One end of the shell is connected with the incident end of the scientific camera;
The other end of the shell is provided with an input window;
the input window, the shell and the scientific camera form a sealed space;
Along the incident direction of X-rays, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.
The invention also provides a method for imaging an object by adopting the X-ray camera, which comprises the following steps:
S1, X-rays emitted by an X-ray source are transmitted through an imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, and the X-ray beam passes through an input window and excites a scintillator to emit ultraviolet light signals with the structural information;
S2, converting the ultraviolet light signal formed in the step S1 into a photoelectronic image through a photocathode, transmitting the photoelectronic image into a microchannel plate through an anti-ion feedback film, and enhancing the photoelectronic image through the microchannel plate to form an electron multiplication image;
S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in the step S2 into a visible light image through an output fluorescent screen;
S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in the step S3 to an incident end of a scientific camera through an optical fiber light cone for photoelectric conversion treatment to obtain a digital image of an imaging object, and finally transmitting the digital image to a related digital computer for display.
The X-ray image intensifier provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the photoelectric cathode made of CsPbBr 3 is selected to have excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, so that the work requirement of a wide spectrum range can be met, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, simultaneously CsPbBr 3 has better thermal stability and environmental stability, the photoelectric cathode is not easily influenced by external factors such as humidity and oxidation, so that the service life and performance stability of equipment can be improved, and CsPbBr 3 belongs to perovskite materials, so that the photoelectric intensifier can be manufactured by adopting a low-cost solution method, and further the preparation cost can be remarkably reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the operational principle of an X-ray camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an X-ray camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of an X-ray camera according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of quantum efficiency of a photocathode material;
FIG. 5 is an X-ray excitation spectrum of perovskite and quantum efficiency map of a scientific camera;
Description of the reference numerals:
1. A scintillator;
2. A photocathode;
3. an anti-ion feedback membrane;
4. a microchannel plate;
5. An output screen;
6. a housing;
7. An input window;
8. an optical fiber light cone;
9. A scientific camera;
10. x-rays;
11. Ultraviolet light;
12. Photoelectrons;
13. Visible light.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical contents, the achieved objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be made with reference to the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The most critical concept of the invention is that the photocathode made of CsPbBr 3 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, quantum efficiency, better thermal stability and environmental stability, thereby meeting the working requirements of wide spectrum range to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the performance stability of equipment, and simultaneously, the CsPbBr 3 belongs to perovskite materials, so that the photocathode can be made by adopting a low-cost solution method, and further the preparation cost can be obviously reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the X-ray image intensifier provided by the present invention is sequentially provided with a scintillator 1, a photocathode 2, an anti-ion feedback film 3, a microchannel plate 4 and an output fluorescent screen 5 along the incident direction of the X-rays;
the photocathode 2 is made of CsPbBr 3.
Specifically, the output phosphor screen 5 includes a conversion layer and a reflective substrate; the conversion layer is spin-coated at the incident end of the reflecting substrate; the conversion layer is made of any commercially available material capable of converting multiplied photoelectrons into visible photons, such as CsPbBr 3 NCs; the material of the reflecting substrate is aluminum, the material of the photocathode 2 can be any commercially available perovskite material CsPbX 3 (X=Cl, br, I) with high luminous efficiency, quick attenuation time, tunable emission wavelength, high sensitivity, strong X-ray attenuation and the like, the scintillator 1 is made of any commercially available material capable of converting X-rays into ultraviolet light, such as YAlO 3:Ce (YAP: ce), the optimal emission spectrum of the scintillator 1 is positioned between 200nm and 400nm, the thickness of the scintillator 1 is 30nm to 400nm, preferably 150nm, an incident surface and a side surface of the scintillator 1 are plated with a layer of vapor deposition reflecting film, the reflecting film is any commercially available metal aluminum film, silver film and gold film with high reflectivity, the thickness of the reflecting film is 50nm to 250nm, preferably 150nm, the microchannel plate 4 is a single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer structure, the single-channel plate 4 is in lattice distribution, the single-channel diameter is 2 μm to 12 μm, the optimal single-channel diameter is 6 μm, the depth ratio is preferably 6 μm, the depth of the single-channel plate is preferably positioned at the two ends of the 4:1, the depth of the single-channel plate is preferably 1.5 m, the depth is preferably 1 to the depth of the single-channel plate is preferably 50 mm, the depth of the single-channel plate is preferably 1.4 mm, the depth is preferably the depth of the single-channel plate is the depth plate, and the single-channel plate is the depth of the depth plate is the depth plate, and is the depth of the depth plate is the depth of the depth plate is 4 is the 4 is 4 depth of the 4 is 4 depth 1 is 4 can 4 depth after the 4 can 4 to, the electrode extends inwards from the inlet of the single channel to a distance which is about 2-3 times of the diameter of the single channel, for example, the aperture of the single channel is 10 microns, the depth of the electrode is set to be 20-30 microns, the included angle between the extending direction of the single channel and the horizontal plane is 5-15 degrees, preferably 10 degrees, the material of the micro-channel plate 4 can be lead silicate glass, semiconductor micro-channel plate 4, silicon micro-channel plate 4 or anodic aluminum oxide micro-channel plate 4, the two ends of the micro-channel plate 4 are plated with nickel-chromium metal electrodes, the outer ring is a circle of solid edge which is plated with nickel-chromium metal film but has no channel, the anti-ion feedback film 3 is made of any commercially available material capable of reducing the optical halo phenomenon, such as Al 2O3, and the thickness of the output fluorescent screen 5 is 20-500 nm, preferably 400nm;
As can be seen from the above description, the invention has the advantages that compared with the existing X-ray image intensifier, the X-ray image intensifier provided by the invention has the advantages that the material for manufacturing the photocathode 2 is replaced by CsPbBr 3, so that the manufactured photocathode 2 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, and can meet the working requirements of a wide spectrum range to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, csPbBr 3 has better thermal stability and environmental stability, and further the photocathode 2 is not easily influenced by external factors such as humidity and oxidization, so that the problem of photoelectric property degradation of the photocathode 2 in the using process can be avoided, the service life and the long-term stability of the performance of the equipment are improved, and CsPbBr 3 belongs to perovskite materials, so that the requirements on the process control and the manufacturing environment in the manufacturing process are lower, and support is provided for the process of manufacturing by adopting a low-cost solution method, and the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty can be remarkably reduced.
Further, the scintillator 1 and the photocathode 2 are closely attached;
the photocathode 2, the anti-ion feedback film 3, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 are arranged at intervals.
Further, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 is 100 μm to 500 μm.
Further, the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output screen 5 is 100 μm to 500 μm.
In particular, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 may be, for example, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 450 μm or 500 μm, and the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output phosphor screen 5 may be, for example, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 450 μm or 500 μm.
It can be seen from the above description that the design further optimizes the positional relationship among the photocathode 2, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescence, and by setting the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the photocathode 2, the light beam (electron beam) incident into the microchannel plate 4 can be multiplied under the effect of the microchannel plate 4, and meanwhile, the existing X-rays can easily generate the problem of image blurring during imaging, so that the requirement on the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 is further raised, the problems of image blurring and low resolution of the device can be improved, and the dispersion and transition time of the light beam (electron beam) can be reduced, thereby reducing the space charge effect, and achieving the effects of reducing the noise of the X-ray image intensifier and improving the contrast thereof.
Further, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback film 3 is 1 mm-5 mm.
Further, the distance between the ion feedback prevention film 3 and the microchannel plate 4 is 5 mm-10 mm.
In particular, the spacing between the photocathode 2 and the ion-preventing feedback membrane 3 may be, for example, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, and the spacing between the ion-preventing feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4 may be, for example, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm or 10mm.
As can be seen from the above description, the X-ray image intensifier of the present invention can generate certain ions during the use process, and by making a requirement on the distance between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, it can help to reduce the influence of the photocathode 2 when being bombarded by ions, so as to improve the sensitivity and service life of the photocathode 2, and by making a requirement on the distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4, it can not only optimize the flow path of ions, but also avoid the problem of signal loss caused by ion feedback.
The invention also provides an X-ray camera which comprises a shell 6, an input window 7, an optical fiber light cone 8, a scientific camera 9 and the X-ray image intensifier;
The shell 6 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends;
One end of the shell 6 is connected with the incident end of the scientific camera 9;
The other end of the shell 6 is provided with an input window 7;
The input window 7, the shell 6 and the scientific camera 9 form a sealed space;
Along the incident direction of the X-rays, an X-ray image intensifier and an optical fiber light cone 8 are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.
Further, the input window 7 is closely attached to the scintillator 1.
Further, the output fluorescent screen 5 is closely attached to the large end of the optical fiber cone 8;
The small end of the optical fiber cone 8 is coupled with the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through a coupling adhesive.
Specifically, the material of the input window 7 may be aluminum or beryllium, the thickness of the input window 7 is 0.2 mm-0.6 mm, preferably, the thickness of the input window 7 is 0.3mm, so that the input window 7 plays a role in blocking stray light; the shell 6 is subjected to high-vacuum sealing welding by adopting an indium sealing technology; an electric insulating coating is laid on the outer surface of the shell 6, the insulating material can be glass, plastic or ceramic, etc., and the electrodes are sprayed on the outer surface of the shell 6, electric connection terminals are arranged on the photocathode 2, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5, and the other end of the electric connection terminal penetrates through the shell and is used for being connected with an external power supply; the cathode voltage Vc between the photocathode 2 and the input end of the microchannel plate 4, the voltage Vm between the input end and the output end of the microchannel plate 4 and the anode voltage Va between the output end of the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 in the X-ray image intensifier are respectively 150-250V, 800-1200V, 5000-6000V, and the preferred values of the voltage Vc, the voltage Vm and the voltage Va are respectively 200V, 1000V and 5500V, the scientific camera 9 is a scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera for converting the obtained visible light into a digital information image, the optimal quantum efficiency of the visible light is matched with the optimal emission wavelength of CsPbBr 3 NCs, a plurality of monofilaments are arranged in the optical fiber cone 8, the big end and the small end of the optical fiber cone 8 are round, the big end of the optical fiber cone 8 is matched with the size of the output fluorescent screen 5, the height of the optical fiber cone 8 is equal to the diameter of the big end of the optical fiber cone 8, the diameters of the monofilaments of the big end are 3-12 mu m, preferably 8 mu m, the small end of the optical fiber cone 8 and the small end of the optical fiber cone 9 are coupled with the scientific camera are used for realizing the rapid ultraviolet light irradiation under the method of 300nm, the refractive index of the optical curing adhesive is 1.4-1.6, preferably 1.56, and the thickness of the coupling layer formed by curing the adhesive is less than 5 mu m, preferably 2 mu m.
As can be seen from the above description, the design specifically modifies the composition structure of the X-ray camera of the present invention, and combines the high-sensitivity scientific camera 9 with the improved high-gain X-ray image intensifier through the high-luminous-flux optical fiber light cone 8, so as to provide structural support for realizing ultra-high-sensitivity X-ray imaging detection.
The invention also provides a method for imaging an object by adopting the X-ray camera, which comprises the following steps:
S1, X-rays emitted by an X-ray source are transmitted through an imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, and the X-ray beam passes through an input window 7 and excites a scintillator 1 to emit ultraviolet light signals with the structural information;
S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in the step S1 is converted into a photoelectronic image through the photocathode 2, the photoelectronic image is transmitted into the microchannel plate 4 through the anti-ion feedback film 3, and the photoelectronic image is enhanced through the microchannel plate 4 to form an electron multiplication image;
S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in the step S2 into a visible light image through the output fluorescent screen 5;
S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in the step S3 to an incident end of a scientific camera 9 through an optical fiber light cone 8 for photoelectric conversion treatment to obtain a digital image of an imaging object, and finally transmitting the digital image to a related digital computer for display.
As can be seen from the above description, the design provides a specific and feasible X-ray imaging method, so that after the user uses the X-ray camera of the present invention, a digitized image that fully reflects the material information can be obtained, and thus the accuracy of the data detected by the X-ray imaging can be effectively ensured.
The X-ray image intensifier of the invention can assist the X-ray imaging detection work.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a first embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
An X-ray image intensifier is sequentially provided with a scintillator 1, a photocathode 2, an anti-ion feedback film 3, a microchannel plate 4 and an output fluorescent screen 5 along the incident direction of X-rays, wherein the photocathode 2 is made of CsPbBr 3.
The scintillator 1 is closely attached to the photocathode 2, and the photocathode 2, the anti-ion feedback film 3, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 are arranged at intervals.
The distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 is 300 μm.
The distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output screen 5 is 300 μm.
The distance between the photocathode 2 and the ion feedback preventing film 3 is 3mm.
The distance between the ion feedback preventing film 3 and the microchannel plate 4 is 7mm.
The second embodiment of the invention is as follows:
The invention also provides an X-ray camera, which comprises a shell 6, an input window 7, an optical fiber light cone 8, a scientific camera 9 and the X-ray image intensifier in the first embodiment, wherein the shell 6 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, one end of the shell 6 is connected with the incident end of the scientific camera 9, the other end of the shell 6 is provided with the input window 7, the shell 6 and the scientific camera 9 form a sealed space, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone 8 are sequentially arranged in the sealed space along the incident direction of X-rays, the input window 7 is tightly attached to the scintillator 1, the output fluorescent screen 5 is tightly attached to the big end of the optical fiber light cone 8, and the small end of the optical fiber light cone 8 is coupled with the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through a coupling adhesive.
The third embodiment of the invention is as follows:
a method for imaging an object using the X-ray camera described above, comprising the steps of:
S1, X-rays emitted by an X-ray source are transmitted through an imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, and the X-ray beam passes through an input window 7 and excites a scintillator 1 to emit ultraviolet light signals with the structural information;
S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in the step S1 is converted into a photoelectronic image through the photocathode 2, the photoelectronic image is transmitted into the microchannel plate 4 through the anti-ion feedback film 3, and the photoelectronic image is enhanced through the microchannel plate 4 to form an electron multiplication image;
S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in the step S2 into a visible light image through the output fluorescent screen 5;
S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in the step S3 to an incident end of a scientific camera 9 through an optical fiber light cone 8 for photoelectric conversion treatment to obtain a digital image of an imaging object, and finally transmitting the digital image to a related digital computer for display.
The invention has the working principle that firstly, X rays are emitted by a corresponding X-ray source and transmitted through an imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, the X-ray beam passes through an input window 7 and excites a scintillator 1 to emit ultraviolet light signals with the structural information, then the ultraviolet light signals are converted into photoelectronic images through a photocathode 2, the photoelectronic images are emitted into a microchannel plate 4 through an anti-ion feedback film 3 and are enhanced through the microchannel plate 4 to form electron multiplication images, then, the enhanced electron image signals are converted into visible light images through an output fluorescent screen 5, then, the obtained visible light images are transmitted to an incident end of a scientific camera 9 through an optical fiber cone 8 to be subjected to photoelectric conversion treatment to obtain digital images of the imaging object, and finally, the digital images are transmitted to a related digital computer to be displayed.
In summary, the X-ray image intensifier provided by the invention adopts the high-gain X-ray image intensifier and the high-sensitivity scientific camera, and combines the high-luminous-flux optical fiber light cone coupling structure to realize ultra-high-sensitivity X-ray imaging detection. The X-ray image intensifier greatly intensifies image signals, so that the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of an X-ray camera are improved, the radiation dose of X-ray imaging detection is reduced greatly, the CsPbBr 3 NCs material with higher luminous efficiency is adopted to replace an output fluorescent screen in a traditional image intensifier, a scintillator material matched with the optimal quantum efficiency wave band of a photoelectric cathode of the image intensifier is adopted to effectively improve the sensitivity and the detection efficiency of the camera, a sealed shell is combined for vacuum sealing, the stability of CsPbBr 3 NCs and the reliability of the X-ray camera are improved effectively, in addition, an intensified visible light image is transmitted by adopting an optical fiber cone coupling structure, the loss of visible light signals is avoided while the imaging area is enlarged effectively, the double-proximity structure is adopted, the dispersion and the transit time of electrons are reduced, the space charge effect is reduced, the noise of the X-ray camera is reduced, the contrast is improved, the output window of the fluorescent screen is removed, the scattering is reduced, the resolution is improved, and the structure is simplified. The X-ray camera has the characteristics of ultrahigh sensitivity, high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, high gain, small volume, light weight, low noise, high detection efficiency, simple and convenient operation, high structural flexibility and the like, and has outstanding advantages in the aspects of medical diagnosis, industrial nondestructive detection, scientific research and the like.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes made by the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect application in the relevant art, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An X-ray image intensifier is sequentially provided with a scintillator, a photocathode, an anti-ion feedback film, a microchannel plate and an output fluorescent screen along the incident direction of X-rays,
The photocathode is made of CsPbBr 3.
2. The X-ray image intensifier of claim 1 wherein the scintillator and photocathode are in close proximity;
the photocathode, the anti-ion feedback film, the microchannel plate and the output fluorescent screen are arranged at intervals.
3. The X-ray image intensifier of claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the photocathode and microchannel plate is 100-500 μm.
4. The X-ray image intensifier of claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the microchannel plate and the output phosphor screen is 100 μm to 500 μm.
5. The X-ray image intensifier of claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the photocathode and the anti-ion feedback film is 1 mm-5 mm.
6. The X-ray image intensifier of claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane and the microchannel plate is 5 mm-10 mm.
7. An X-ray camera, comprising a housing, an input window, a fiber optic cone, a scientific camera, and the X-ray image intensifier of any one of claims 2-6;
the shell is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends;
One end of the shell is connected with the incident end of the scientific camera;
The other end of the shell is provided with an input window;
the input window, the shell and the scientific camera form a sealed space;
Along the incident direction of X-rays, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.
8. The X-ray camera of claim 7, wherein the input window is in close proximity to the scintillator.
9. The X-ray camera of claim 7, wherein the output phosphor screen is in close proximity to the large end of the fiber optic cone;
the small end of the optical cone of the optical fiber is coupled with the incident end of the scientific camera through a coupling adhesive.
10. A method of imaging an object using the X-ray camera of any one of claims 7 to 9, comprising the steps of:
S1, X-rays emitted by an X-ray source are transmitted through an imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, and the X-ray beam passes through an input window and excites a scintillator to emit ultraviolet light signals with the structural information;
S2, converting the ultraviolet light signal formed in the step S1 into a photoelectronic image through a photocathode, transmitting the photoelectronic image into a microchannel plate through an anti-ion feedback film, and enhancing the photoelectronic image through the microchannel plate to form an electron multiplication image;
S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in the step S2 into a visible light image through an output fluorescent screen;
S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in the step S3 to an incident end of a scientific camera through an optical fiber light cone for photoelectric conversion treatment to obtain a digital image of an imaging object, and finally transmitting the digital image to a related digital computer for display.
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