CN119194442A - A corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and its preparation process - Google Patents
A corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and its preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船舶用耐腐蚀不锈钢铸件及其制备工艺，涉及不锈钢技术领域，方案以不锈钢基材为基体，表面清洗后进行激光熔覆，以镍基合金粉末、氧化铈‑碳化钨核壳粉末、碳化钨粉末复配形成熔覆粉末，其中碳化钨粉末的加入能够有效提高不锈钢铸件的表面硬度和耐磨性能，氧化铈‑碳化钨核壳粉末的加入不仅可以改善激光熔覆层本身的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能，从而提高不锈钢铸件的综合性能，同时，氧化铈‑碳化钨核壳粉末的引入还能够促进后续离子三元共渗的渗层厚度，提高离子三元共渗处理效果。The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of stainless steel. A stainless steel substrate is used as a substrate, and laser cladding is performed after the surface is cleaned. Nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder, and tungsten carbide powder are compounded to form cladding powder, wherein the addition of tungsten carbide powder can effectively improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the stainless steel casting, and the addition of cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder can not only improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the laser cladding layer itself, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the stainless steel casting, and at the same time, the introduction of cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder can also promote the thickness of the subsequent ion ternary co-diffusion layer, thereby improving the ion ternary co-diffusion treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel, in particular to a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Since the early twentieth century stainless steel materials have been developed, the stainless steel materials have the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high processability, low cost and the like, and are widely applied to various fields in life, such as fields of industrial mechanical equipment, aerospace castings, marine castings and the like, so that research and development personnel have high requirements on the surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the stainless steel castings, and particularly the stainless steel castings applied to ships, and the corrosion resistance is one of important points of attention.
In the existing research and development process, in order to improve the comprehensive performance of the stainless steel casting, surface modification treatment such as vacuum sputtering, laser cladding, paint coating and the like is generally carried out on the stainless steel casting, and ion nitriding is one of the more common modification means.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and a preparation process thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
step 1, polishing a stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 20-30 min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying;
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 20-30 min, and drying at 80-85 ℃ for 1-1.5 h to obtain cladding powder;
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5-6 Pa, introducing hydrogen, sputtering and cleaning the surface for 20-30 min at the hydrogen flow of 0.5-0.6L/min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering and cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
In the optimized scheme, in the step 1, the use amount of the tungsten carbide powder in the cladding powder is 30-40 wt%, the use amount of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is 1-3 wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5-2 mm.
In the optimized scheme, in the step 1, the laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5-6 mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10-12L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1000-1200W.
In the optimized scheme, in the step 2, the specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the nitrogen concentration is 98.5%, the methane concentration is 1.5%, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 500-510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3-0.5L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 3-4 hours.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder comprises the following steps of:
Step S1, respectively mixing cerium nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution;
And S2, mixing tungsten carbide and absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30 min, adding a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, stirring and reacting for 2-3 h at 75-80 ℃, performing centrifugal separation after the reaction is finished, washing and drying, and calcining for 2-3 h at 650-680 ℃ to obtain cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder.
In the more optimized scheme, in the step S1, the mass fraction of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution is 1-2wt% and the mass fraction of the hexamethylenetetramine solution is 2-3wt%.
In the optimized scheme, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the tungsten carbide to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the hexamethylenetetramine is 1 (3-3.5) (4.5-5), and the stirring rotational speeds are 350-400 r/min.
The chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is specifically, in terms of mass fraction, 0.80-0.90 wt% of C, 15-15.5 wt% of Cr, 3.5-4 wt% of Si, 15wt% of Fe, 3-3.5 wt% of B, 0.2-0.3 wt% of Ti and the balance of Ni.
And according to an optimized scheme, the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship is prepared according to any one of the preparation processes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships and a preparation process thereof, the stainless steel casting is prepared by taking a stainless steel base material as a matrix, carrying out laser cladding after surface cleaning, wherein laser cladding powder consists of nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder in a compounding way, the nitrogen-carbon-oxygen ternary co-infiltration is carried out after laser cladding, the prepared stainless steel casting has excellent wear resistance, the surface hardness is improved, the corrosion resistance is improved, and the practicability is greatly improved.
When the surface nitriding of the stainless steel matrix is carried out conventionally, the nitriding speed is slower, the diffusion layer is shallow, the surface brittleness of the stainless steel casting is high, and the corrosion resistance can not meet the actual demand, therefore, rare earth elements are generally adopted, the catalytic nitriding effect is achieved in the nitriding process, but the improvement effect is not obvious, and the actual effect is poor, so the scheme firstly carries out laser cladding on the stainless steel matrix, and the cladding powder is formed by compounding nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, the addition of the tungsten carbide powder can effectively improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the stainless steel casting, and the addition of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder can improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the laser cladding layer, so that the comprehensive performance of the stainless steel casting is improved, and meanwhile, the introduction of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder can promote the thickness of a seepage layer of the subsequent ion ternary co-seepage and improve the ion ternary co-seepage treatment effect.
It is to be reminded that in the scheme, the dosage of tungsten carbide powder in the cladding powder is 30-40wt%, the dosage of cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is 1-3wt%, and the performance of the obtained stainless steel casting is most excellent under the parameter dosage.
On the basis, the scheme carries out nitrogen-carbon-oxygen ternary co-permeation, specifically comprises the specific steps of introducing nitrogen and methane after sputtering and cleaning, wherein the nitrogen concentration is 98.5%, the methane concentration is 1.5%, the air pressure in a furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 500-510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3-0.5L/min, and the co-permeation is carried out for 3-4 hours.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In this example, the stainless steel substrate is 45 steel, and has a specific chemical composition of 0.46wt% C, 0.17wt% Si, 0.52wt% Mn, 0.031wt% S, 0.032wt% P, and the balance being Fe. The particle size of the tungsten carbide is 200 meshes.
Example 1A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 20min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying at 80 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The weight percentage of the tungsten carbide powder in the cladding powder is 40 percent, the weight percentage of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is 1 percent, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder comprises the following steps:
step S1, respectively mixing cerium nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, wherein the mass fraction of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution is 1.5wt%, and the mass fraction of the hexamethylenetetramine solution is 2.5wt%.
And S2, mixing 0.1g of tungsten carbide with absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, adding a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, stirring at 75 ℃ for reaction for 3h, performing centrifugal separation after the reaction is finished, washing and drying, and calcining at 650 ℃ for 3h to obtain cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder. The mass ratio of the tungsten carbide to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the hexamethylenetetramine is 1:3.2:4.8, and the stirring rotating speeds are all 350r/min.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Example 2A process for preparing corrosion resistant stainless steel castings for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 25min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying at 85 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The tungsten carbide powder is used in the cladding powder in an amount of 39wt% and the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is used in an amount of 2wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 85 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and then carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder comprises the following steps:
step S1, respectively mixing cerium nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, wherein the mass fraction of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution is 1.5wt%, and the mass fraction of the hexamethylenetetramine solution is 2.5wt%.
And S2, mixing 0.1g of tungsten carbide with absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, adding a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, stirring at 80 ℃ for reaction for 2.5h, performing centrifugal separation after the reaction is finished, washing and drying, and calcining at 650 ℃ for 3h to obtain cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder. The mass ratio of the tungsten carbide to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the hexamethylenetetramine is 1:3.2:4.8, and the stirring rotating speeds are all 350r/min.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Example 3A process for preparing corrosion resistant stainless steel castings for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 30min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying for 1h at 85 ℃ to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The tungsten carbide powder is used in the cladding powder in an amount of 38wt% and the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is used in an amount of 3wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 85 ℃ for 3 hours, and carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
The preparation method of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder comprises the following steps:
step S1, respectively mixing cerium nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, wherein the mass fraction of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution is 1.5wt%, and the mass fraction of the hexamethylenetetramine solution is 2.5wt%.
And S2, mixing 0.1g of tungsten carbide with absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, adding a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, stirring at 80 ℃ for reaction for 2h, performing centrifugal separation after the reaction is finished, washing and drying, and calcining at 650 ℃ for 3h to obtain cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder. The mass ratio of the tungsten carbide to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the hexamethylenetetramine is 1:3.2:4.8, and the stirring rotating speeds are all 350r/min.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Comparative example 1 was run with example 3 as a control, without cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder added, and the rest of the procedure was unchanged.
A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 30min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-base alloy powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying at 85 ℃ for 1h to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-base alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The tungsten carbide powder is used in the cladding powder in an amount of 41wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 85 ℃ for 3 hours, and carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Comparative example 2 with example 3 as a control, cerium oxide powder was added to comparative example 2 in an amount of 1wt%, with the rest of the procedure unchanged.
A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 30min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying for 1h at 85 ℃ to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The tungsten carbide powder is used in the cladding powder in an amount of 38wt% and the cerium oxide powder is used in an amount of 1wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 85 ℃ for 3 hours, and carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Comparative example 3 with example 3 as a control, cerium oxide powder was added in comparative example 3 in an amount of 3wt%, and the remaining steps were unchanged.
A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 30min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 30min, and drying for 1h at 85 ℃ to obtain cladding powder, wherein the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.80% of C, 15.5% of Cr, 4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3.5% of B, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Ni. The tungsten carbide powder is used in the cladding powder in an amount of 38wt% and the cerium oxide powder is used in an amount of 3wt%, the binder is water glass, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5mm.
And uniformly stirring the cladding powder and the binder, presetting the mixture on the surface of the stainless steel substrate to form a preset powder layer, drying the powder layer at 85 ℃ for 3 hours, and carrying out laser cladding to obtain the pretreated stainless steel. The laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10L/min, spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1200W.
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Comparative example 4 with example 3 as a control, laser cladding was not performed in comparative example 4, and the rest of the steps were unchanged.
A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships comprises the following steps:
And 1, polishing the stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 30min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying.
And 2, cleaning the dried stainless steel by acetone, transferring the stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5Pa, introducing hydrogen with the hydrogen flow of 0.5L/min, performing surface sputtering cleaning for 30min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
The specific steps of nitrocarburizing are that nitrogen and methane are introduced after sputtering cleaning, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5 percent, the concentration of the methane is 1.5 percent, the air pressure in the furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is increased to 510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3L/min, and the nitrocarburizing is carried out for 4 hours.
Detection experiment:
According to the method disclosed in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, a corrosion-resistant stainless steel sample is prepared, the surface microhardness of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel sample is tested, the load is 500g, the dwell time is 10s, the surface abrasion resistance of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel sample is tested, GCr15 is selected as a counter-grinding material, the diameter is 5mm, the rotating speed is 500r/min, the loading load is 300g, the counter-grinding time is 60min, the weighing is carried out after the counter-grinding is finished, the abrasion weight loss before and after the abrasion is calculated, the corrosion resistance of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel sample is tested, a CHI604E type electrochemical workstation is adopted during the test, the corrosion medium is 3.5wt% NaCl, the test temperature is 25 ℃, the auxiliary electrode is a platinum electrode, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, the sample is a working electrode, and the corrosion current density is calculated. Specific data are shown in Table I.
List one
The conclusion is that the scheme takes the stainless steel base material as a matrix, and the laser cladding is carried out after the surface cleaning, wherein the laser cladding powder is formed by compounding nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, and the nitrogen-carbon-oxygen ternary co-infiltration is carried out after the laser cladding, so that the prepared stainless steel casting has excellent wear resistance, the surface hardness is improved, and the corrosion resistance is also improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for a ship is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, polishing a stainless steel substrate, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate with acetone for 20-30 min, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying;
Mixing nickel-based alloy powder, cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder and tungsten carbide powder, mechanically grinding for 20-30 min, and drying at 80-85 ℃ for 1-1.5 h to obtain cladding powder;
And 2, cleaning the pretreated stainless steel by acetone, transferring the pretreated stainless steel into a plasma nitriding furnace, vacuumizing to the air pressure of 5-6 Pa, introducing hydrogen, sputtering and cleaning the surface for 20-30 min at the hydrogen flow of 0.5-0.6L/min, and performing nitrocarburizing after the sputtering and cleaning to obtain the corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
2. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship, which is characterized in that in the step 1, the use amount of tungsten carbide powder in the cladding powder is 30-40 wt% and the use amount of cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder is 1-3 wt% in terms of mass fraction, the binder is sodium silicate, and the thickness of the preset powder layer is 1.5-2 mm.
3. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step 1, the laser cladding process specifically comprises the steps of lap joint rate of 40%, scanning speed of 5-6 mm/s, shielding gas of argon, flow of 10-12L/min, light spot diameter of 3mm and laser power of 1000-1200W.
4. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship, which is characterized by comprising the specific steps of spraying and cleaning, and then introducing nitrogen and methane, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen is 98.5%, the concentration of the methane is 1.5%, the pressure in a furnace is kept at 300Pa, the temperature is raised to 500-510 ℃, air is introduced, the air flow is 0.3-0.5L/min, and the co-permeation is carried out for 3-4 hours.
5. The process for preparing the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships according to claim 1, wherein the preparation steps of the cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder are as follows:
Step S1, respectively mixing cerium nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylenetetramine and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution;
And S2, mixing tungsten carbide and absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30 min, adding a cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution and a hexamethylenetetramine solution, stirring and reacting for 2-3 h at 75-80 ℃, performing centrifugal separation after the reaction is finished, washing and drying, and calcining for 2-3 h at 650-680 ℃ to obtain cerium oxide-tungsten carbide core-shell powder.
6. The process for preparing the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships according to claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the mass fraction of the cerium nitrate hexahydrate solution is 1-2wt% and the mass fraction of the hexamethylenetetramine solution is 2-3wt%.
7. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that in the step S2, the mass ratio of the tungsten carbide to the cerium nitrate hexahydrate to the hexamethylenetetramine is 1 (3-3.5) (4.5-5), and the stirring rotational speeds are 350-400 r/min.
8. The process for preparing the corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for the ship, which is characterized in that the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder is, by mass, 0.80-0.90% of C, 15-15.5% of Cr, 3.5-4% of Si, 15% of Fe, 3-3.5% of B, 0.2-0.3% of Ti and the balance of Ni.
9. The corrosion-resistant stainless steel casting for ships prepared by the preparation process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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