CN119194189A - A preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy - Google Patents
A preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN119194189A CN119194189A CN202411696795.4A CN202411696795A CN119194189A CN 119194189 A CN119194189 A CN 119194189A CN 202411696795 A CN202411696795 A CN 202411696795A CN 119194189 A CN119194189 A CN 119194189A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy, belonging to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, wherein the preparation process uses the following aluminum alloy components ：Si0.58-0.79%、Fe0.04-0.08%、Cu1.77-1.98%、Mg0.93-1.16%、Mn0.57-0.87%、La0.11-0.16%、Ce0.02-0.06%、V0.04-0.09%、B0.006-0.009％, in percentage by mass, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. According to the invention, the element proportion of the aluminum alloy is reasonably adjusted, and the aluminum alloy with high strength and low quenching sensitivity which can be realized under the air-cooled quenching condition is prepared through controlling the technological process and reasonably setting parameters of the technological process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy.
Background
In order to achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction, the automotive industry is eagerly seeking a solution for light weight of a vehicle, because this not only helps to reduce energy consumption, but also improves safety and handling of the vehicle. In this respect, aluminum alloy sheets are being used as an ideal light material in the automobile manufacturing process, and this trend is particularly evident in the field of new energy automobiles, and the development of such types of vehicles greatly promotes the application of aluminum alloy sheets.
The application range of the 6-series Al-Mg-Si alloy in the aluminum alloy materials used for the aluminum alloy plates of the new energy automobiles is the widest, however, 6-series aluminum alloys such as 6063, 6061, 6082 and the like which are common in the market are mostly medium-strength, and the tensile strength is less than 300MPa.
In recent years, although some enterprises and scientific research institutes also develop 6-series aluminum alloys with high strength, most of the aluminum alloys can meet the requirements only by using high-strength water quenching or off-line quenching in the process of preparing sectional materials. However, the aluminum alloy materials have higher quenching sensitivity, can realize better performance and effect on the premise that the wall thickness of the profile is more than 3mm, and for some high-precision profiles with the wall thickness of less than 1.5mm, the profile is easy to deform due to overlarge cooling strength when in online water cooling and offline quenching, and can only be quenched by air cooling after extrusion, but the strength is insufficient.
Accordingly, in view of the above-described problems, there is a need for a 6-series aluminum alloy that can achieve high strength under air-cooled quenching conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a preparation process of high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components ：Si0.58-0.79%、Fe0.04-0.08%、Cu1.77-1.98%、Mg0.93-1.16%、Mn0.57-0.87%、La0.11-0.16%、Ce0.02-0.06%、V0.04-0.09%、B0.006-0.009％, of the aluminum alloy and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities according to the following mass percentage;
(2) Heating and melting aluminum alloy components at 770-790 ℃, adding a refining agent under the nitrogen atmosphere at 720-730 ℃, and refining for 30-40min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(3) Casting the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(4) Homogenizing an aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain a homogenized cast ingot;
(5) Homogenizing annealing the homogenized cast ingot;
(6) And after annealing, cooling by air cooling for 1-2h, cooling by water cooling to 70-80 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy.
Further, the ratio of the mass percent of Mg to the mass percent of Si is (1.46-1.63): 1.
Further, the mass percentage of Cu is greater than the sum of the mass percentages of Mg and Si.
In the 6-series aluminum alloy, mg and Si are main strengthening elements, and a strengthening phase Mg 2 Si is formed. Therefore, the ratio of Mg to Si affects the strength of the aluminum alloy, and most of the Mg to Si ratios of the aluminum alloys currently on the market are in the range of 1.0-1.3, for example, the Mg/Si atomic ratio of 1.0-1.2 is limited in the patent CN115505794B, but the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is still lower than 300MPa, which cannot meet the market demand. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adjusting the mass percentage ratio of Mg to Si to (1.46-1.63): 1 and limiting the addition amount between Cu and Mg and Si in the system of the invention. According to analysis, si in the system of the invention can form different phases with other elements such as Fe, and the quantity and the size of Mg 2 Si phases can be controlled by reasonably designing and controlling the ratio of Mg to Si in alloy components, so that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is further influenced. While copper may increase the strength of an aluminum alloy, excessive copper may cause the material to become brittle, affecting its ductility.
The invention can ensure that effective strengthening phases are promoted to be formed by adjusting the proportion among Cu, mg and Si without causing unnecessary brittleness or other negative effects, and can improve the elongation at break of the aluminum alloy. However, improvement of the yield strength of the aluminum alloy under such conditions is not desirable.
Further, the sum of the mass percentages of La, ce and V is 0.18-0.26%.
By reasonably designing and adding La, ce and V in the system, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved. La and Ce belong to rare earth elements, and can effectively refine grains of the aluminum alloy, so that coarse phase formation is reduced, microstructure of the aluminum alloy can be improved, morphology and distribution of a second phase can be improved by adding V, the phases are enabled to be finer and evenly distributed, and yield strength of the material is improved. Meanwhile, when the sum of the mass percentages of La, ce and V is controlled to be 0.18-0.26%, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy after paint baking can be improved. The analysis shows that the addition of La, ce and V can influence the morphology and distribution of second phases such as Mg 2 Si and the like, so that the phases are more dispersed and finer, the adverse effect of temperature on the material can be reduced, and the addition of a certain amount of La, ce and V is beneficial to improving the response of the alloy in the heat treatment process, so that the material can better retain the strengthening effect in the baking varnish curing process.
Further, the refining agent comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 35-38 parts of KCl, 15-19 parts of LiCl, 25-28 parts of AlF 3, 12-17 parts of CaF 2, 2-6 parts of carbon powder, 10-15 parts of CaO and 10-15 parts of La 2O3.
Further, the preparation method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing raw materials of the refining agent to 50-60 meshes;
S2, the crushed raw materials of the refining agent are placed into a stirrer according to the mass portion ratio and are uniformly mixed, then are baked for 2-3 hours at 100-103 ℃, are crushed to be less than 70 meshes, and are cooled to room temperature, so that the refining agent is obtained.
Further, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.22-0.26% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy component.
The refining agent can refine elements of grains, fine grains are beneficial to improving strength and plasticity of aluminum alloy, meanwhile, the fluidity of the aluminum alloy melt can be improved, and the aluminum alloy can be ensured to be uniformly filled in a die during pouring, so that good casting surface quality and dimensional accuracy are obtained.
Further, the temperature rising process of the homogenizing treatment is gradient temperature rising, the temperature is firstly raised to 420-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2-3 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 550-570 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 15-18 hours.
Further, the homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, the first-stage heat preservation is carried out for 4-6h under the condition that the temperature is 450-470 ℃, the second-stage heat preservation is carried out for 7-9h under the condition that the temperature is raised to 530-550 ℃ after the first-stage heat preservation, and the third-stage heat preservation is carried out for 11-13h under the condition that the temperature is raised to 570-590 ℃ after the second-stage heat preservation.
Further, the air cooling rate is 270-280 ℃ per hour, and the water cooling rate is 310-320 ℃ per hour.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. According to the invention, the element proportion of the aluminum alloy is regulated, and the high-strength aluminum alloy with high-strength low-quenching sensitivity which can be realized under the air-cooled quenching condition is prepared through controlling the technological process and reasonably setting parameters of the technological process.
2. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adjusting the mass percentage ratio of Mg to Si to (1.46-1.63): 1 and limiting the addition amount between Cu and Mg and Si in the system of the invention. And simultaneously, the elongation at break of the aluminum alloy can be improved.
3. By reasonably designing and adding La, ce and V into the system, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved. Meanwhile, when the sum of the mass percentages of La, ce and V is controlled to be 0.18-0.26%, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy after paint baking can be improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components of the aluminum alloy according to the mass percentage ratio of Si0.72%, fe0.06%, cu1.87%, mg1.11%, mn0.72%, la0.13%, ce0.03%, V0.06%, B0.007% and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Heating and melting the aluminum alloy components at 780 ℃, adding a refining agent under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere and 725 ℃, and refining for 35min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass of 36 parts of KCl, 17 parts of LiCl, 27 parts of AlF 3, 14 parts of CaF 2, 4 parts of carbon powder, 13 parts of CaO and 12 parts of La 2O3.
The preparation method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing raw materials of the refining agent to 50-60 meshes;
s2, the crushed raw materials of the refining agent are placed into a stirrer according to the mass portion ratio and are uniformly mixed, then are baked for 2.5 hours at 102 ℃, are crushed to be less than 70 meshes, and are cooled to room temperature, so that the refining agent is obtained.
The addition amount of the refining agent is 0.24% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy component.
(3) Casting the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(4) Homogenizing an aluminum alloy cast ingot, wherein the temperature rising process of the homogenizing treatment is gradient temperature rising, firstly, the temperature rising is carried out to 430 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2.5 hours, then the temperature rising is carried out to 560 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 17 hours, and the homogenized cast ingot is obtained;
(5) Homogenizing annealing the homogenized cast ingot, wherein the homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, and is carried out for 5h in the first stage under the condition of 460 ℃, 8h in the second stage under the condition of the first stage being heated to 540 ℃, and 12h in the third stage under the condition of the second stage being heated to 580 ℃;
(6) And after annealing, cooling for 1.5 hours by air cooling, wherein the cooling rate of the air cooling is 275 ℃ per hour, cooling to 75 ℃ by water cooling, the cooling rate of the water cooling is 315 ℃ per hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components of the aluminum alloy according to the mass percentage ratio of Si0.79%, fe0.04%, cu1.97%, mg1.16%, mn0.57%, la0.11%, ce0.02%, V0.05%, B0.006% and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Heating and melting aluminum alloy components at 770 ℃, adding a refining agent under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere and 720 ℃, and refining for 30min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass of 35 parts of KCl, 15 parts of LiCl, 25 parts of AlF 3, 12 parts of CaF 2, 2 parts of carbon powder, 10 parts of CaO and 10 parts of La 2O3.
The preparation method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing raw materials of the refining agent to 50-60 meshes;
s2, the crushed raw materials of the refining agent are placed into a stirrer according to the mass portion ratio and are uniformly mixed, then are baked for 2 hours at 100 ℃, are crushed to be less than 70 meshes, and are cooled to room temperature, so that the refining agent is obtained.
The addition amount of the refining agent is 0.22% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy component.
(3) Casting the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(4) Homogenizing an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the temperature rising process of the homogenizing treatment is gradient temperature rising, firstly, the temperature rising is carried out to 420 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, then the temperature rising is carried out to 550 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 15 hours, so that the homogenized ingot is obtained;
(5) Homogenizing annealing the homogenized cast ingot, wherein the homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, and is carried out for 4h in the first stage under the condition of 450 ℃, 7h in the second stage under the condition of 530 ℃ after the first stage, and 11h in the third stage under the condition of 570 ℃ after the second stage;
(6) And after annealing, cooling for 1h by air cooling, wherein the cooling rate of the air cooling is 270 ℃ per h, cooling to 70 ℃ by water cooling, the cooling rate of the water cooling is 310 ℃ per h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components of the aluminum alloy according to the mass percentage ratio of Si0.75%, fe0.08%, cu1.97%, mg1.13%, mn0.87%, la0.16%, ce0.02%, V0.07%, B0.009%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Heating and melting aluminum alloy components at 790 ℃, adding a refining agent under the nitrogen atmosphere and at 730 ℃, and refining for 40min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass of 38 parts of KCl, 19 parts of LiCl, 28 parts of AlF 3, 17 parts of CaF 2, 6 parts of carbon powder, 15 parts of CaO and 15 parts of La 2O3.
The preparation method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing raw materials of the refining agent to 50-60 meshes;
S2, the crushed raw materials of the refining agent are placed into a stirrer according to the mass portion ratio and are uniformly mixed, then are baked for 3 hours at 103 ℃, are crushed to be less than 70 meshes, and are cooled to room temperature, so that the refining agent is obtained.
The addition amount of the refining agent is 0.26% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy component.
(3) Casting the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(4) Homogenizing an aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the temperature rising process of the homogenizing treatment is gradient temperature rising, firstly, the temperature rising is carried out to 450 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, then the temperature rising is carried out to the heat preservation temperature of 570 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 18 hours, so that the homogenized ingot is obtained;
(5) Homogenizing annealing the homogenized cast ingot, wherein the homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, and is carried out for a first-stage heat preservation for 6h under the condition that the temperature is 470 ℃, a second-stage heat preservation for 9h under the condition that the temperature is 550 ℃ after the first-stage heat preservation, and a third-stage heat preservation for 13h under the condition that the temperature is 590 ℃ after the second-stage heat preservation;
(6) And after annealing, cooling for 2 hours by air cooling with the cooling rate of 280 ℃ per hour, cooling to 80 ℃ by water cooling with the cooling rate of 320 ℃ per hour, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the proportions of the components of the aluminum alloy are different.
The method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Si0.81%, fe0.02%, cu1.60%, mg1.18%, mn0.88%, la0.08%, ce0.07%, V0.11%, B0.007%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the mass percentage of Mg and Si is different.
The method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Si0.79%, fe0.06%, cu1.87%, mg0.94%, mn0.72%, la0.13%, ce0.03%, V0.06%, B0.007%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 1 in the mass percentages of Cu, mg and Si.
The method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Si0.77%, fe0.06%, cu1.77%, mg1.16%, mn0.72%, la0.13%, ce0.03%, V0.06%, B0.007%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the total mass percent of La, ce and V is different.
The method comprises the following steps: weighing the following components in percentage by mass: si0.72%, fe0.06%, cu1.87%, mg1.11%, mn0.72%, la0.16%, ce0.06%, V0.09%, B0.007%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that La, ce and V are added in different amounts.
The method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Si0.72%, fe0.06%, cu1.87%, mg1.11%, mn0.72%, la0.07%, ce0.13%, V0.02%, B0.007%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 1 in the composition of the refining agent.
The refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass of 26 parts of KCl, 27 parts of LiCl, 17 parts of AlF 3, 24 parts of CaF 2, 14 parts of carbon powder, 19 parts of CaO and 8 parts of La 2O3.
Comparative example 7
The comparative example differs from example 1 in the way of homogenization treatment.
The homogenization treatment is carried out by heating to the heat preservation temperature of 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 19.5h.
Comparative example 8
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that the homogenization annealing was performed in a different manner.
The homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, and is carried out for 9h in the first stage under the condition that the temperature is 490 ℃, 6h in the second stage under the condition that the temperature is 520 ℃ after the first stage is kept, and 10h in the third stage under the condition that the temperature is 560 ℃ after the second stage is kept.
Performance testing
Aluminum alloy profiles were prepared using the aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8, respectively, specifically comprising the steps of:
Heating aluminum alloy to 475 ℃, extruding a thin-wall square tube (with the wall thickness of 1.2 mm), wherein the extrusion ratio is 41, the extrusion speed is 3.5mm/s, the temperature of an extruded profile is 527 ℃ before extrusion, on-line strong wind cooling is carried out on the extruded profile to 200 ℃, then natural cooling is carried out to room temperature, thus obtaining an aluminum profile semi-finished product, wherein the cooling speed of a section cooled to 200 ℃ is 7.8 ℃/s, artificial aging treatment is carried out, the aging system is 155 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 hours, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy profile.
The aluminium alloy profile articles prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were subjected to mechanical properties testing according to GB/T228.1-2021 section 1 Metal materials tensile test: room temperature test method, and the yield strength after baking varnish was tested at 2% pre-stretching and at 185 ℃ for 20min at baking varnish curing.
Where Rm represents tensile strength, rp0.2 represents yield strength, i.e., strength at a non-proportional elongation of 0.2%, and A50 represents elongation after break, i.e., elongation at gauge length of 50 mm.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
From the above performance test results, it is apparent that the aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 3 are excellent in overall performance, and particularly that in example 1, the overall performance is most remarkable, mainly because the results are obtained under synergistic effects by adjusting the element ratios of the aluminum alloys, controlling the process and reasonably setting the parameters thereof.
The comparative example is obviously inferior to the example in terms of corresponding performance test because the necessary technical scheme is not adopted, the strength effect of the aluminum alloy is reduced in comparative example 1, the fact that the element proportion scheme of the aluminum alloy has an important effect on the strength of the aluminum alloy is proved, the mass percent content scheme of Mg and Si is changed in comparative example 2, the mass percent content sum of Cu, mg and Si is changed in comparative example 3, the effect of the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is reduced, the fact that the high-strength aluminum alloy can be obtained only by adding the three elements under certain conditions is shown, the total mass percent content of La, ce and V in comparative example 4 is changed, the yield strength after baking paint is reduced is shown, the total mass percent content of La, ce and V in the system of the invention is controlled within a certain range, the yield strength after baking paint can be improved, and the addition amount of La, ce and V in comparative example 5 exceeds the addition range of the invention, so that the performance of the aluminum alloy is reduced. As can be seen from comparative examples 6 to 8, the high-performance aluminum alloy can be obtained under the control of the technological process and the reasonable setting of the parameters thereof, and the significance of the technical scheme defined in the invention on the technical effect thereof is further demonstrated by the experimental results.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation process of the high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Weighing the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities in the aluminum alloy component ：Si0.58-0.79%、Fe0.04-0.08%、Cu1.77-1.98%、Mg0.93-1.16%、Mn0.57-0.87%、La0.11-0.16%、Ce0.02-0.06%、V0.04-0.09%、B0.006-0.009％, according to the following mass percentage;
The mass percentage ratio of Mg to Si is (1.46-1.63) 1, the mass percentage ratio of Cu is larger than the sum of the mass percentage ratio of Mg and Si, and the sum of the mass percentage ratio of La, ce and V is 0.18-0.26%;
(2) Heating and melting aluminum alloy components at 770-790 ℃, adding a refining agent under the nitrogen atmosphere at 720-730 ℃, and refining for 30-40min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
The refining agent comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 35-38 parts of KCl, 15-19 parts of LiCl, 25-28 parts of AlF 3, 12-17 parts of CaF 2, 2-6 parts of carbon powder, 10-15 parts of CaO and 10-15 parts of La 2O3;
(3) Casting the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
(4) Homogenizing an aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain a homogenized cast ingot;
The temperature rising process of the homogenizing treatment is gradient temperature rising, namely, the temperature is firstly raised to 420-450 ℃ and kept for 2-3 hours, then the temperature is raised to 550-570 ℃ and kept for 15-18 hours;
the homogenizing annealing adopts three-stage homogenizing treatment, the first-stage heat preservation is carried out for 4-6h under the condition that the temperature is 450-470 ℃, the second-stage heat preservation is carried out for 7-9h under the condition that the temperature is raised to 530-550 ℃ after the first-stage heat preservation, and the third-stage heat preservation is carried out for 11-13h under the condition that the temperature is raised to 570-590 ℃ after the second-stage heat preservation;
(6) And after annealing, cooling by air cooling for 1-2h, cooling by water cooling to 70-80 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy.
2. The process for preparing a high strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent preparing method comprises the steps of:
s1, respectively crushing raw materials of the refining agent to 50-60 meshes;
S2, the crushed raw materials of the refining agent are placed into a stirrer according to the mass portion ratio and are uniformly mixed, then are baked for 2-3 hours at 100-103 ℃, are crushed to be less than 70 meshes, and are cooled to room temperature, so that the refining agent is obtained.
3. The process for preparing a high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the refining agent added is 0.22 to 0.26% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy components.
4. The process for preparing a high strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the air cooling rate is 270-280 ℃ per hour and the water cooling rate is 310-320 ℃ per hour.
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| JP2006274378A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | High yield ratio high strength cold rolled steel sheet, high yield ratio high strength hot dip galvanized steel sheet, high yield ratio high strength alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet, and methods for producing them |
| CN114480927A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 广东中色研达新材料科技股份有限公司 | High-performance 6-series aluminum alloy |
| CN114540670A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy for forging and preparation method thereof |
| EP4015260A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Wonder SPA | Lead-free valve for inflating tires for a truck or commercial vehicle |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006274378A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | High yield ratio high strength cold rolled steel sheet, high yield ratio high strength hot dip galvanized steel sheet, high yield ratio high strength alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet, and methods for producing them |
| EP4015260A1 (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-22 | Wonder SPA | Lead-free valve for inflating tires for a truck or commercial vehicle |
| CN114480927A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 广东中色研达新材料科技股份有限公司 | High-performance 6-series aluminum alloy |
| CN114540670A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy for forging and preparation method thereof |
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