CN119194152A - Platinum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Platinum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN119194152A CN119194152A CN202410721491.2A CN202410721491A CN119194152A CN 119194152 A CN119194152 A CN 119194152A CN 202410721491 A CN202410721491 A CN 202410721491A CN 119194152 A CN119194152 A CN 119194152A
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- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010929 jewellery material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Pt] ZONODCCBXBRQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVGBNDZXRPTHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ru].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Ru].[Pt] IVGBNDZXRPTHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001506 fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
- A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
- A44C27/002—Metallic materials
- A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Abstract
本申请涉及首饰用合金技术领域，尤其涉及一种铂合金材料及其制备方法和应用。以铂合金材料的总重量为100％计，包括如下重量百分含量的组分：铂91.0～97.0％，钨2.5～8.5％，其他元素0.05～0.8％，其他元素包括钴、钌、铱、铈、镧中的至少一种。通过本申请特有比例的元素组合熔融成的铂合金材料，具有细小的晶粒组织，因而具备高强度和高弹性的特点，使得本申请的铂合金材料在镶嵌类首饰领域中具有很好的应用。The present application relates to the technical field of alloys for jewelry, and in particular to a platinum alloy material and its preparation method and application. Taking the total weight of the platinum alloy material as 100%, it includes the following components in weight percentage: 91.0-97.0% platinum, 2.5-8.5% tungsten, and 0.05-0.8% other elements, and the other elements include at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium, and lanthanum. The platinum alloy material melted by the combination of elements in a specific proportion of the present application has a fine grain structure, and thus has the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity, so that the platinum alloy material of the present application has a good application in the field of inlaid jewelry.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of alloys for jewelry, and particularly relates to a platinum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Noble metals (Precious Metal) are mainly metal elements such as gold, silver, platinum group metals and the like, and most of the metals have beautiful color and luster and strong stability. The Platinum has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and chemical stability, is easy to process and shape, and can be applied to jewelry.
Platinum alloy refers to an alloy of platinum mixed with other metals, such as palladium, copper, etc. Although platinum has a higher hardness than gold, it must be alloyed with other metals before it can be used for jewelry setting. However, the current platinum alloy is difficult to achieve both hardness and elasticity, and the application of the platinum alloy in jewelry needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a platinum alloy material, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of how to improve the hardness and elasticity of platinum alloy so as to be better used for jewelry embedding.
In order to achieve the purposes of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a platinum alloy material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight, based on 100% of the total weight of the platinum alloy material:
91.0 to 97.0 percent of platinum,
Tungsten 2.5-8.5%,
0.05 To 0.8 percent of other elements,
The other elements comprise at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy material comprises:
94.7-96.0% of platinum,
Tungsten 3.2-4.5%,
0.6-0.8% Of other elements.
In some embodiments, the other element includes at least one of cobalt and ruthenium.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a platinum alloy material, comprising:
providing a raw material of each element in the platinum alloy material provided in the first aspect of the application;
Carrying out melting treatment on the raw materials to obtain an alloy ingot;
and (3) sequentially carrying out stamping treatment, annealing treatment and cold rolling treatment on the alloy ingot to obtain the platinum alloy material.
In some embodiments, the melt processing is performed at 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa, and/or,
The temperature of the melting treatment is 1800-2100 ℃ and the time is 3-8 min.
In some embodiments, the annealing process is performed at a temperature of 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃ for a time of 60min to 90min.
In some embodiments, the cold rolling treatment comprises annealing at 650-850 ℃ for 60-120 min when the rolling deformation reaches 20-40%.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy material obtained after the cold rolling treatment comprises a platinum alloy sheet.
In some embodiments, the cold rolling treatment further comprises the steps of processing the platinum alloy plate through a numerical control lathe to obtain jewelry blanks, and then performing a die-forming and polishing procedure to obtain finished jewelry.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an application, that is, an application of the platinum alloy material provided in the first aspect of the present application and/or the platinum alloy material prepared by the preparation method provided in the second aspect of the present application in jewelry.
The platinum alloy material provided by the first aspect of the application contains specific percentage content of platinum, tungsten and other elements (namely at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum), and the platinum alloy material fused by the combination of the specific proportion of metal elements has fine grain structure, thus having the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity, and being well applied to the field of mosaic jewelry.
The preparation method of the platinum alloy material provided by the second aspect of the application is to apply for the preparation process of the platinum alloy material of the first aspect, and the platinum alloy material with high strength and high elasticity is obtained by carrying out stamping, annealing and cold rolling treatment after melting all raw materials to obtain an alloy ingot. The platinum alloy material obtained by the preparation method can be well applied to the field of mosaic jewelry.
The platinum alloy material provided by the third aspect of the application is based on the fact that the platinum alloy material not only has good hardness, but also has good elasticity, so that the platinum alloy material can be used as a mosaic jewelry material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the present application, the term "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, which means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean that a exists alone, a and B exist together, and B exists alone. Wherein A, B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s).
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence number of each process described above does not mean that the execution sequence of some or all of the steps may be executed in parallel or executed sequentially, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application may refer not only to the specific contents of the components, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components, so long as the contents of the relevant components in the description of the embodiments of the present application are scaled up or down within the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the mass described in the specification of the embodiment of the application can be a mass unit which is known in the chemical industry field such as mu g, mg, g, kg.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated for distinguishing between objects such as substances from each other. For example, a first XX may also be referred to as a second XX, and similarly, a second XX may also be referred to as a first XX, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature.
Because the melting point difference between platinum and tungsten is larger, the lost wax casting in the process tends to form a developed dendrite structure based on the traditional platinum alloy jewelry formula, and the cast finished product has poor processability, reduced elongation and easy cracking. Based on the above, the embodiment of the application develops a new platinum alloy formula to improve the hardness and the elasticity of the platinum alloy, so that the platinum alloy is better used for jewelry embedding. The specific technical scheme is as follows.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a platinum alloy material, which comprises, based on 100% of the total weight of the platinum alloy material, 91.0-97.0% by weight of platinum (Pt), 2.5-8.5% by weight of tungsten (W), 0.05-0.8% by weight of other elements, and at least one of cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La).
The platinum alloy material fused by combining metal elements in a specific proportion has fine grain structure, thus having the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity, particularly, the platinum alloy formed by adding 2.5-8.5% of tungsten based on 91.0-97.0% of platinum in the formula components can form a simple peritectic phase diagram, and the strength of the platinum-tungsten alloy is obviously increased along with the increase of the tungsten content, so that the addition of 2.5-8.5% of tungsten in the platinum can enhance the hardness and elasticity of the alloy, and at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum with the concentration of 0.05-0.8% is easy to process, and is applied to ornaments inlaid with the platinum alloy, thereby having stronger firmness.
In some embodiments, when the tungsten content is low, the elasticity and hardness improving effect is low, so that the stone is firmly embedded, the stone is easy to break off, when the tungsten content is high, the alloy is easy to crack, and the CNC lathe engraving and milling are difficult due to the fact that the material is too hard. The small amount of ruthenium, cobalt, iridium, cerium and lanthanum can reduce the gas in the alloy, refine grains and improve the processability of the platinum alloy. Therefore, the platinum alloy material formed by 91.0-97.0% of platinum, 2.5-8.5% of tungsten and 0.05-0.8% of other elements overcomes the current situation that the elasticity and hardness of the current platinum alloy ornament material are insufficient, and has good application in the field of inlaid ornaments.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy material of the present application is suitable for being used as mosaic ornaments such as mosaic, forced mosaic, etc., and has sufficient elasticity and hardness to keep mosaic firmness.
In some embodiments, the platinum content in the platinum alloy material may be 91.0%, 91.5%, 92.0%, 92.5%, 93.0%, 93.5%, 94.0%, 94.5%, 95.0%, 96.0%, 96.5%, 97.0%, etc., the tungsten content in the platinum alloy material may be 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 4.8%, 5.0%, 5.6%, 6.0%, 7.0%, 7.2%, 7.8%, 8.0%, 8.5%, etc., and the other element content in the platinum alloy material may be 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, etc., including at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium, lanthanum.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy material comprises 94.7-96.0% of platinum, 3.2-4.5% of tungsten and 0.6-0.8% of other elements by weight, wherein the other elements comprise at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum.
In some embodiments, the other elements include at least one of cobalt and ruthenium, which can be added to maintain good casting properties when the platinum alloy material is prepared.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a platinum alloy material, including:
S01, providing raw materials of elements in the platinum alloy material provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the application;
S02, carrying out melting treatment on the raw materials to obtain an alloy ingot;
And S03, sequentially carrying out stamping treatment, annealing treatment and cold rolling treatment on the alloy ingot to obtain the platinum alloy material.
The preparation method of the embodiment of the application can prepare the platinum alloy material which is the first aspect of the application embodiment. According to the embodiment of the application, after the alloy ingot is obtained by melting the raw materials, stamping, annealing and cold rolling are carried out, so that the platinum alloy material with high strength and high elasticity is obtained, and the platinum alloy material can be well applied to the field of mosaic jewelry.
In some embodiments, the prepared platinum alloy material comprises 91.0-97.0% of platinum (Pt), 2.5-8.5% of tungsten (W), 0.05-0.8% of other elements, and at least one of cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La).
In some embodiments, 91.0-97.0wt% of platinum and 3.0-9.0wt% of tungsten contained in the platinum alloy are placed into a vacuum induction melting furnace to be melted and cast into a metal ingot, the metal ingot is stamped through an oil press, and then is subjected to repeated cold rolling treatment, and is annealed at 800-1200 ℃ in the middle, so that a platinum alloy metal plate with a certain thickness is rolled. And processing by using a CNC numerical control lathe to manufacture the platinum alloy material with high elasticity and high hardness. The platinum alloy material prepared by the method is suitable for being used as inlaid ornaments such as some bags, force inlays and the like, and has sufficient elasticity and hardness to keep the firmness of inlaying.
In some embodiments, the melting process is performed under 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa, and the melting of the respective metal raw materials can be stably performed under the vacuum condition.
Further, the temperature of the melting treatment is 1800-2100 ℃ and the time is 3-8 min. Illustratively, the melting temperature may be 1800 ℃, 1900 ℃, 2000 ℃, 2050 ℃, 2100 ℃ and the like, and the melting time may be 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 8min and the like, and the metal raw materials may be sufficiently melted and uniformly mixed under the above melting temperature and time conditions.
In some embodiments, the annealing is performed at a temperature of 800 ℃ to 1200 ℃ for a time of 60min to 90min. Illustratively, the temperature of the annealing treatment may be 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1200 ℃, etc., and the time of the annealing treatment may be 60min, 70min, 75min, 80min, 85min, 90min, etc.
Specifically, the annealing temperature and the annealing time can be determined by the tungsten content, and when the tungsten content is high, the annealing temperature and the annealing time can be properly increased, so that the internal stress generated in the processing process of the workpiece can be better improved or eliminated.
In some embodiments, the cold rolling process includes annealing at 650 ℃ to 850 ℃ for 60 to 120 minutes when the rolling deformation reaches 20% -40%. Under the condition, the risk of cracking during rolling can be reduced, and certain hardness performance is maintained.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy material obtained after the cold rolling treatment comprises a platinum alloy sheet.
In some embodiments, the cold rolling treatment further comprises the steps of processing the platinum alloy plate through a numerical control lathe to obtain jewelry blanks, and then performing die execution and polishing procedures to obtain finished jewelry.
After the platinum, tungsten and other elements are melted into alloy by using a vacuum medium frequency induction furnace, the alloy is processed by means of oil press stamping, interrupted annealing, cold rolling and the like to form fine grain structures, so that the platinum alloy material has high strength and high elasticity. Standardization may be established in the production process by control requirements including, but not limited to, production flows, processing parameters, processing metrics, and the like.
In some embodiments, the platinum alloy product manufactured by adopting the platinum alloy formula and the production process provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of uniform color formation, high strength, high hardness and excellent elasticity. The processing mode is aimed at the production of ornaments to manufacture plates, and simultaneously adopts CNC numerical control lathe technology process to manufacture various ornaments, so that the ornaments have strong processability and can be manufactured into various embedding modes, such as forced embedding, track line embedding or embedding modes with high requirements on material hardness. Enriches the style of platinum alloy inlaid ornaments.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an application, that is, an application of the platinum alloy material provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application and/or the platinum alloy material prepared by the preparation method provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application in jewelry. The platinum alloy material has good hardness and elasticity, so that the platinum alloy material can be used as a mosaic jewelry material.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the process of preparing the mosaic jewelry comprises the following steps:
1. Preparation stage
The platinum alloy raw material for jewelry is provided, and comprises the following components, by weight, 91.0-97.0% of platinum, 2.5-8.5% of tungsten, 0.05-0.8% of other elements, and at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum, wherein the total weight of the platinum alloy raw material is 100%.
2. Cutting stage
The alloy raw materials of the components are melted at high temperature, and are mixed according to the weight percentage, the purity of the raw materials is more than 99.99 percent, and a small amount of tungsten volatilizes in the melting process, and the mixing amount can be about 0.5 percent. And (3) placing the metal material into a zirconia crucible in a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber to 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa, and then introducing argon gas for protection and heating. Because the melting point of tungsten is higher, micron-level or nano-level tungsten powder is adopted as a raw material, and smelting is carried out for 3-8 min when the temperature is raised to 1800-2100 ℃, so that the tungsten powder and platinum can be fully mutually fused at the temperature, refining and impurity removal can be carried out, and after the tungsten powder and platinum are fully and uniformly fused, a cuboid platinum alloy ingot is cast in a vacuum state.
3. Stage of processing
1. And processing the prepared cuboid platinum alloy ingot. The alloy ingot is placed in a four-column oil press for stamping, the hardness of the platinum-tungsten alloy is high, and the cracking phenomenon is easy to occur as the internal stress generated by the increase of the stamping processing rate is larger. When the processing rate reaches 30% -50%, annealing treatment is required, the temperature is 800 ℃ -1200 ℃ and the time is 60-90 min, so that internal stress generated in the processing process of a workpiece can be improved or eliminated, the annealing temperature and the annealing time are determined by tungsten content, the higher the tungsten content is, the higher the required annealing temperature is, the longer the annealing time is, protective gas is introduced in the annealing process, and the influence of air substitution is controlled. The punched alloy plate with the thickness of 4-5 mm (determined according to the thickness of ornaments) is repeatedly subjected to cold rolling treatment by using a two-roll reversible rolling mill, and in order to prevent cracking during rolling and keep certain hardness performance, annealing treatment is required when the rolling deformation reaches 20% -40%, the temperature is 650-850 ℃, and the time is 60-120 min, and gas is introduced for protection. Finally, the high-hardness and high-elasticity platinum alloy plate with the thickness consistent with the thickness of the product is prepared.
2. Furthermore, the platinum alloy plate can be processed and manufactured through a CNC numerical control lathe, various jewelry blanks are manufactured through substituting CAD drawing ornaments into CNC control programs, and finished jewelry is manufactured through performing mould execution and polishing programs.
The performance test is carried out on the jewelry product, and the Vickers hardness of the jewelry product can at least reach more than 200HV, so that compared with the existing platinum cobalt ruthenium alloy jewelry, the jewelry provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of obviously improved hardness and good elasticity. Therefore, the platinum alloy material provided by the embodiment of the application has enough excellent hardness, elasticity and processability, and can enhance the firmness of the inlaid ornament and the deformation resistance of the ornament.
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A platinum alloy material and jewelry thereof.
The platinum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Pt:94.7wt%、W:4.5wt%、Ru:0.8wt%。
the preparation process is as follows:
1. the raw materials of the component alloy are melted and mixed according to the weight percentage, the purity of the raw materials is more than 99.99 percent, and about 0.5 percent of tungsten can be added during mixing because a small amount of tungsten volatilizes during the melting process. And placing the metal material into a zirconia crucible in a smelting chamber, vacuumizing the smelting chamber to 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, heating, and refining for 5min when the temperature is raised to 1920 ℃. After the smelting is completed, a cuboid platinum alloy ingot with the thickness of 10mm is cast under a vacuum state.
2. And processing the prepared cuboid platinum alloy ingot. And (3) placing the alloy ingot in a four-column oil press for punching, and annealing when the processing rate reaches 50%, wherein the temperature is 1000 ℃ and the time is 75min, and introducing protective gas in the annealing process to control the influence of air substitution. And repeatedly cold rolling the pressed alloy plate with the thickness of 5mm by using a two-roll reversible rolling mill, and when the rolling deformation reaches 20%, carrying out annealing treatment at 750 ℃ for 90min, and introducing gas for protection. Finally, the platinum alloy plate with the thickness of 3.2mm and high hardness and high elasticity is prepared.
3. The platinum alloy plate can be processed and manufactured by a CNC (computer numerical control) lathe, and is substituted into a CNC control program after CAD drawing ornaments, various ornaments blanks are manufactured, and finished ornaments are manufactured after mould execution and polishing programs.
The platinum alloy plate is cut into 52mm 1.5mm 3.2mm blocks for performance test, and the Vickers hardness of the platinum alloy plate reaches 232.7HV. The elastic recovery test for a test buckling of 3mm in the longitudinal direction gave an elastic recovery of 79%.
Example 2
A platinum alloy material and jewelry thereof.
The platinum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Pt:96wt%、W:3.2wt%、Ru:0.8wt%。
the preparation procedure was the same as in example 1.
The platinum alloy plate is cut into 52mm 1.5mm 3.2mm blocks for performance test, and the Vickers hardness of the platinum alloy plate reaches 201HV. The elastic recovery test for a test buckling of 3mm in the longitudinal direction gave an elastic recovery of 68.5%.
Comparative example
A platinum alloy material and jewelry thereof.
The platinum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Pt:95.0wt%、Co:4.0wt%、Ru:1.0wt%
the manufacturing method comprises lost wax casting;
Putting weighed platinum, cobalt and ruthenium metals into a zirconia crucible, vacuumizing a smelting chamber to 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa, introducing argon gas for protection, heating to 1850 ℃ for smelting, and keeping smelting uniformity for 2 minutes after the platinum in the crucible is dissolved into liquid. Pouring the melted platinum alloy liquid into a 900 ℃ gypsum mold, keeping the temperature for 1 minute, and then putting the gypsum mold into water for cooling to obtain a platinum alloy ornament rough blank. And (3) processing the rough blank into a finished ornament through the procedures of die execution and polishing. The comparative sample had a hardness value of 155HV by Vickers hardness test.
The content and performance test method of each element in the embodiment of the application can be referred as follows:
Measuring the content of platinum in GB/T38310-2019 platinum alloy jewelry by an yttrium internal standard ICP spectrometry;
measuring the noble metal content of GB/T18043-2013 jewelry by a fluorescence spectrometry;
GB/T35777-2017 metal and alloy chain mechanical property test tensile test thereof;
GB/T4340.1-2008 metal material Vickers hardness test method of the first part.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The platinum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight, based on 100% of the total weight of the platinum alloy material:
91.0 to 97.0 percent of platinum,
Tungsten 2.5-8.5%,
0.05 To 0.8 percent of other elements,
The other elements comprise at least one of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, cerium and lanthanum.
2. The platinum alloy material of claim 1, wherein the platinum alloy material comprises:
94.7-96.0% of platinum,
Tungsten 3.2-4.5%,
0.6-0.8% Of other elements.
3. The platinum alloy material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the other element comprises at least one of cobalt and ruthenium.
4. A method for preparing a platinum alloy material, comprising:
Providing a feedstock of each element in the platinum alloy material of any one of claims 1 to 3;
Carrying out melting treatment on the raw materials to obtain an alloy ingot;
and (3) sequentially carrying out stamping treatment, annealing treatment and cold rolling treatment on the alloy ingot to obtain the platinum alloy material.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the melt treatment is carried out under conditions of 10 -1Pa～10-2 Pa and/or,
The temperature of the melting treatment is 1800-2100 ℃ and the time is 3-8 min.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the annealing is performed at 800 to 1200 ℃ for 60 to 90 minutes.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cold rolling treatment comprises annealing at 650 ℃ to 850 ℃ for 60 to 120 minutes when the rolling deformation reaches 20% -40%.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the platinum alloy material obtained after the cold rolling treatment comprises a platinum alloy sheet.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of processing the platinum alloy plate by a numerical control lathe to obtain jewelry blanks, and performing die execution and polishing procedures to obtain finished jewelry.
10. Use of a platinum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and/or a platinum alloy material prepared by a preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 9 in jewelry.
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