CN119187875B - Welding method for recycling residual light to preheat welding seam - Google Patents
Welding method for recycling residual light to preheat welding seam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 305
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a welding method for recycling residual light to preheat a welding seam, which comprises the steps of preparing a workpiece, initializing welding parameters and operation parameters, dividing welding spots, starting welding, monitoring a welding process, detecting welding quality and repairing welding seam defects, and by adding a preheating device with an arc-shaped structure, the method not only solves the influence of splashing and smoke dust generated by a laser welding process on welding quality and working environment, but also effectively recycles reflected laser as a preheating heat source, the welding energy waste is greatly reduced, the damage of reflected laser to the laser head is effectively avoided, meanwhile, the preheating speed is accurately adjusted according to welding parameters, the welding spot can be ensured to reach the ideal preheating temperature before welding, the laser residual light can be ensured to be effectively recycled and utilized by properly adjusting the preheating speed, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the temperature gradient between the welding seam and the base metal is reduced by the preheating treatment, so that the thermal stress caused by rapid heating and cooling is reduced, and the quality of the welding seam is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method for recycling residual light to preheat a welding line.
Background
In the laser welding process, particularly when stainless steel or highly reflective materials with high smoothness of the welding surface are welded, a part of energy of a laser beam is not effectively converted into welding heat energy, but is reflected back to the environment, so that the welding energy is wasted, in order to compensate the energy loss, the conventional method is to increase the laser power to enhance the penetrating power of laser so as to ensure that the welding seam can be completely welded through, but larger laser power means larger welding energy loss, so that the production cost is greatly increased, and the probability of risk occurrence is also improved. The laser welding device comprises a welding gun, a welding head, a welding fume and a welding fume, wherein the welding gun is arranged on the welding gun, the welding fume is arranged on the welding gun, and the welding fume is arranged on the welding gun.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a welding method that reduces unnecessary consumption of welding energy, suppresses welding spatter and smoke interference, and improves welding quality and economic efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method for recycling residual light to preheat a welding seam, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the welding method for recycling the residual light to preheat the welding seam comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing a workpiece, namely positioning and fixing a laser welding gun and a preheating device according to welding process requirements, wherein the preheating device is arranged in front of the laser welding gun and right above a joint to be welded and is used for carrying out preheating treatment on the joint to be welded, and an inclination angle alpha and an inclination angle beta are formed between the axial directions of the preheating device and the laser welding gun and the advancing direction of a welding path respectively;
The inclination angle alpha formed by the axial direction of the preheating device and the advancing direction of the welding path is 180 degrees, namely the preheating device is parallel to the welding path, and the inclination angle beta formed by the axial direction of the laser welding gun and the advancing direction of the welding path is 105-115 degrees;
The laser welding gun is rotatably mounted on the first fixed plate through the rotating assembly, a laser head is arranged at the output end of the laser welding gun, and the laser head emits laser beams to the joint to be welded;
The preheating device is rotatably arranged on the second fixed plate through the rotating assembly and comprises a preheating shell, a reflecting baffle and a heat exchange tube bundle, wherein the opening end face of the preheating shell is connected with the reflecting baffle in a matched mode to form a heat exchange cavity, a preheating space is formed between the reflecting baffle and a joint to be welded, one end of the heat exchange tube bundle penetrates through the preheating shell, the other end of the heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with a peripheral cooling medium flow system, and a laser receiving surface of the reflecting baffle faces the joint to be welded;
the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are both slidably mounted on a sliding groove, and the axial direction of the sliding groove is parallel to the welding path;
the laser welding gun, the preheating device and the rotating assembly are electrically connected with a peripheral control assembly;
the control assembly adjusts the included angle and the distance between the laser welding gun and the preheating device so that the distance between the action point of the preheating laser and the action point of the laser beam emitted by the laser head is 5-10 mm;
S2, initializing welding parameters of a laser welding gun and operation parameters of a preheating device, wherein the welding parameters of the laser welding gun and the operation parameters of the preheating device are set according to material properties and welding process requirements, the welding parameters comprise laser output power P 1 and welding speed v 1, and the operation parameters comprise preheating speed v 2 and preheating temperature T;
The preheating speed v 2 is determined by the preheating temperature T and the laser output power P 1, and satisfies the following formula:
,
R 1 is the reflectivity of the joint to be welded, R 2 is the reflectivity of the reflecting baffle, gamma is the absorption coefficient of the joint to be welded to the preheating laser, R is the spot diameter of the preheating laser, c is the specific heat capacity of the joint to be welded, m is the mass of a preheating area, deltaT is the preheating temperature difference of the joint to be welded, T is the preheating temperature of the joint to be welded, and T 0 is room temperature;
S3, dividing welding spots, namely setting the spot size of a laser beam according to welding process requirements and welding gun capacity, dividing the welding path into n welding spots according to the preset spot size, wherein the n welding spots are respectively a1 st welding spot and a2 nd welding spot;
S4, starting welding, namely starting the laser welding gun to weld the 1 st welding spot of the welding path, emitting laser beams from the laser head, reflecting the laser beams to the laser receiving surface of the reflecting baffle plate through the surface of the joint to be welded, recovering and focusing the reflected laser beams, namely preheating laser, and guiding the preheating laser to the 2 nd welding spot of the welding path to finish the preheating treatment of the 2 nd welding spot, and sequentially carrying out the preheating treatment and the welding treatment on the rest welding spots on the welding path by using the laser beams emitted by the laser head until all the welding spots are completely preheated and welded, wherein the joint to be welded forms a complete welding joint, and the whole welding process reduces the temperature of the preheating device by using the cooling medium flow system;
S5, monitoring a welding process, namely monitoring the preheating condition of welding spots in real time by using an infrared temperature sensor in the whole welding process, transmitting a monitoring result to the control component, and dynamically adjusting the welding parameters and the operation parameters by the control component according to the monitoring result;
S6, welding quality detection, namely carrying out nondestructive detection on all welding seams, randomly extracting a plurality of groups of welding seam samples, carrying out mechanical property test, and generating a quality detection report.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention further comprises:
And S7, repairing the weld defects, namely repairing the defective weld when the quality detection result of the weld does not meet the welding quality requirement, wherein a repair area needs to cover the defective weld by 100%, and the repair process comprises laser welding repair, resistance spot welding repair and arc welding repair.
Further, the preheating speed v 2 is equal to or greater than the welding speed v 1.
Further, when the preheating speed v 2 is greater than the welding speed v 1, the control component adjusts the inclination angle alpha in real time, so that the reflecting baffle can always receive the laser beam reflected by the joint to be welded.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a positioning tracker used for visually identifying the actual position of the welding spot in real time is arranged in the advancing direction of the preheating device, the positioning tracker transmits identification data to the control component for comparison and analysis, and an alarm signal is triggered immediately to warn an operator to take adjustment measures once the fact that the amplitude of the deviation of the actual position of the welding spot from the welding path exceeds a set threshold value is detected.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nondestructive testing in step S6 includes penetration testing, radiation testing, and ultrasonic testing, and the mechanical property testing includes transverse tensile testing, bending testing, shear tensile testing, and fatigue testing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention realizes recycling of residual light generated in the laser welding process by additionally arranging the preheating device with the arc-shaped structure in front of the laser welding gun, reduces splash and smoke dust possibly generated in the laser welding process, thereby reducing negative influence of the factors on welding quality and working environment, avoiding potential damage of reflected laser to a laser head, prolonging the service life of equipment, and providing efficient protection and heat insulation functions. In addition, through the preheating treatment, the temperature gradient between the welding seam and the base metal is reduced, and the thermal stress caused by rapid heating and cooling is effectively reduced, so that the overall quality of the welding seam is improved.
2. According to the invention, the control relation between the preheating speed v 2, the preheating temperature T and the laser output power P 1 is deduced by establishing an energy formula of the laser beam after multiple reflections, and the precise control relation enables the preheating speed v 2 to be adjusted according to specific welding process requirements, so that the ideal preheating temperature of the welding spot before welding is ensured, the welding quality is ensured, the effective recycling and utilization of the laser residual light are ensured, and the energy utilization efficiency is remarkably improved. In addition, when the preheating speed v 2 is greater than the welding speed v 1, the control component can adjust the inclination angle alpha of the preheating device in real time, so that the reflection baffle can always and effectively receive the laser beam reflected by the joint to be welded, and the energy use is further optimized.
3. The preheating condition of the welding spot is monitored in real time by utilizing the infrared temperature sensor, the slight temperature change of the welding area is captured, and the welding parameter and the operation parameter are dynamically adjusted by combining the control assembly so as to adapt to unpredictable deviation possibly occurring in the welding process, ensure that the preheating temperature control in the welding process is more accurate, and effectively reduce the problems of welding defects such as cracks and air holes caused by improper temperature control. For example, too high a preheating temperature causes excessive melting of the metal, embrittling the weld joint, and too low a preheating temperature causes insufficient preheating, affecting consistency of weld joint quality.
4. In the preheating process, the workpiece can be displaced due to thermal expansion, mechanical vibration or other external factors, the position of the welding spot is monitored in real time by additionally arranging a positioning tracker in front of the preheating device, the deviation of the position of the welding spot is found in time, the welding path is automatically adjusted, the problem of insufficient preheating or uneven preheating caused by inaccurate positions is solved, the positioning tracker can adapt to the changes, and the positioning tracker is particularly suitable for complex or irregular welding paths and can ensure the uniformity and consistency of the preheating effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a welding method for recycling residual light to preheat a weld;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the laser welding gun and the preheating device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a preheating device according to the present invention;
In the figure, a 1-preheating device, a 11-preheating shell, a 12-reflecting baffle, a 121-laser receiving surface, a 13-heat exchange tube bundle, a 14-heat exchange cavity, a 2-laser welding gun, a 21-laser head, a 3-joint to be welded, a 4-first fixing plate, a 5-second fixing plate and a 6-chute.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the particular embodiments presented herein are illustrative and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention.
It should be noted that in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but that other embodiments of the invention and variations thereof are possible, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific examples disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1to 3, a welding method for recycling residual light to preheat a welding seam according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
S1, preparing a workpiece, namely positioning and fixing a laser welding gun 2 and a preheating device 1 according to welding process requirements, wherein the preheating device 1 is arranged in front of the laser welding gun 2 and right above a joint 3 to be welded and is used for carrying out preheating treatment on the joint 3 to be welded, and an inclination angle alpha and an inclination angle beta are formed between the axial directions of the preheating device 1 and the laser welding gun 2 and the advancing direction of a welding path respectively;
By precisely adjusting the inclination angle α and the inclination angle β, it is ensured that the laser beam can efficiently transfer energy during welding, while the preheating device 1 can also accurately guide reflected laser energy to the welding area.
Wherein the inclination angle alpha formed by the axial direction of the preheating device 1 and the advancing direction of the welding path is 180 degrees, namely the preheating device 1 is parallel to the welding path, and the inclination angle beta formed by the axial direction of the laser welding gun 2 and the advancing direction of the welding path is 105-115 degrees.
The laser welding gun 2 is rotatably mounted on the first fixed plate 4 through a rotating assembly (not shown), a laser head 21 is arranged at the output end of the laser welding gun 2, and the laser head 21 emits a laser beam to the joint 3 to be welded;
the preheating device 1 is rotatably mounted on the second fixed plate through a rotating assembly, the preheating device 1 comprises a preheating shell 11, a reflecting baffle 12 and a heat exchange tube bundle 13, the opening end face of the preheating shell 11 is connected with the reflecting baffle 12 in a matching way to form a heat exchange cavity 14, a preheating space is formed between the reflecting baffle 12 and the joint 3 to be welded, one end of the heat exchange tube bundle 13 penetrates through the preheating shell 11, the other end of the heat exchange tube bundle is communicated with a peripheral cooling medium flow system (not shown in the figure), and a laser receiving face 121 of the reflecting baffle 12 is arranged facing the joint 3 to be welded;
the reflective baffle 12 of the present embodiment is made of red copper, and is an arc panel structure, and the concave side of the arc panel is a laser receiving surface;
The red copper-based reflective baffle 12 has good heat conduction performance and reflection performance, can conduct heat energy rapidly and effectively, is beneficial to centralizing scattered laser energy and ensures that as much scattered laser is reflected back to the weld joint as possible, so the red copper-based reflective baffle 12 becomes an ideal choice for recycling laser in laser welding.
The first fixing plate 4 and the second fixing plate 5 are both slidably mounted on the sliding chute 6, and the axial direction of the sliding chute 6 is parallel to the welding path;
the laser welding gun 2, the preheating device 1 and the rotating assembly are electrically connected with an external control assembly (not shown in the figure);
the control assembly adjusts the included angle and the distance between the laser welding gun 2 and the preheating device 1, so that the distance between the action point of the preheating laser and the action point of the laser beam emitted by the laser head 21 is 5-10 mm.
S2, initializing welding parameters of the laser welding gun 2 and operation parameters of the preheating device 1, wherein the welding parameters of the laser welding gun 2 and the operation parameters of the preheating device 1 are set according to material properties and welding process requirements, the welding parameters comprise laser output power P 1 and welding speed v 1, and the operation parameters comprise preheating speed v 2 and preheating temperature T;
In this embodiment, a steel plate with a material of 304 stainless steel and a thickness of 2.8mm is welded to form a steel cylinder, the joint 3 to be welded is in a butt joint mode, the gap is 0.2mm, the required welding seam melting width is 2.0mm, the room temperature T 0 between operations is 23 ℃, the laser output power P 1 is set to 3000J/s and the welding speed v 1 is set to 1.8m/min based on the material properties of the plate to be welded and the welding process requirements.
The preheating temperature T of the 304 stainless steel is higher than the bainite transformation temperature of the joint 3 to be welded and lower than the critical temperature, wherein the bainite transformation temperature is the temperature of the material transformed from ferromagnetism to non-ferromagnetism, the preheating temperature T is higher than the bainite transformation temperature of the material, deformation and cracks caused by bainite transformation in the welding process can be effectively avoided, a tiny bainitic structure is promoted to be formed through preheating, so that the toughness and the overall performance of a welding seam are improved, the critical temperature is the temperature of the material with abrupt change of the thermal expansion coefficient, the preheating temperature T is lower than the critical temperature, stress concentration and crack generation caused by the abrupt change of the thermal expansion coefficient in the welding process can be effectively avoided, the bainite transformation temperature of the 304 stainless steel is 200 ℃ and the critical temperature is 450 ℃, and therefore the value of the preheating temperature T is 200-450 ℃. In the welding process, as the welding material is in a high-temperature state, the metal material is extremely easy to absorb excessive hydrogen to generate hydrogen embrittlement, so that the brittleness of the welding joint is increased, and the strength and toughness of the welding joint are reduced. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement, the preheating temperature T should be 200 ℃ or higher. In summary, the preheating temperature T should be 200 ℃ to 450 ℃ based on the bainite transformation temperature, the critical temperature and the hydrogen embrittlement of the material, and the preheating temperature T in this embodiment is 300 ℃.
The preheating speed v 2 of the preheating device 1 is determined by the preheating temperature T and the laser output power P 1, satisfying the following equation:
,
Wherein R 1 is the reflectivity of the joint 3 to be welded, R 2 is the reflectivity of the reflecting baffle 12, gamma is the absorption coefficient of the joint 3 to be welded to the preheating laser, R is the spot diameter of the preheating laser, c is the specific heat capacity of the joint 3 to be welded, m is the mass of the preheating area, deltaT is the preheating temperature difference of the joint 3 to be welded, T is the preheating temperature of the joint 3 to be welded, and T 0 is the room temperature.
The reflectance R 1 of the joint 3 to be welded of 304 stainless steel is 0.25, the absorption coefficient gamma is 0.75, the specific heat capacity C is 522J/(kg DEG C), and the reflectance R 2 of the reflecting baffle 12 made of red copper is 0.8. Since the preheating temperature T is selected to be 300 ℃, the room temperature T 0 between jobs is 23 ℃, and thus the preheating temperature difference Δt=t-T 0 =277 ℃ of the joint 3 to be welded. Based on the design requirement that the weld bead melting width is 2.0mm, so in order to ensure that the weld bead region is fully preheated, the spot diameter of the preheating laser is adjusted to be slightly larger than the melting width, and the spot diameter R of the preheating laser is adjusted to be 3mm, so that the effective distribution of the preheating laser energy in the weld bead and the surrounding region can be ensured, the mass m of the preheating region is 0.144g, and the preheating speed v 2 can be calculated according to the above formula to meet the following formula:
Therefore, to ensure that each welding spot can be preheated to 300 ℃, the preheating speed v 2 should take a value of 2.92m/min, i.e. the preheating speed v 2 is greater than the welding speed v 1, and to ensure that the reflection shield 12 can always receive the laser beam reflected by the joint 3 to be welded, the control component should adjust the inclination angle α in real time, so that the inclination angle α in this embodiment is dynamically changed, and the inclination angle β is set to 105 °.
In the laser welding process, when the reflected laser energy is larger, the preheating speed v 2 is properly increased, so that the preheating temperature of the welding spot can be ensured not to be fluctuated due to the change of the laser energy, and the laser energy is fully utilized for effective preheating. In the case that the preheating speed v 2 is faster than the welding speed v 1, it is particularly critical to adjust the inclination angle α of the reflective baffle 12 in real time, and the core purpose is to maintain the precise orientation of the laser beam, so as to ensure that the laser beam reflected from the joint 3 to be welded is always aligned with the optimal receiving surface of the reflective baffle 12. Even if the preheating speed v 2 is higher than the welding speed v 1, the reflector 12 can exert its effect to the greatest extent, and efficiently capture and concentrate the laser energy. By finely adjusting the inclination angle alpha, the system can optimize the reflection path of laser, promote the effective absorption and concentration of heat energy, greatly reduce the ineffective dissipation of heat energy to the surrounding environment, ensure the more uniform and reasonable temperature distribution in the welding area, form an ideal temperature gradient and create stable preheating conditions for the welding process.
S3, dividing welding spots, namely setting the spot size of a laser beam according to welding process requirements and welding gun capacity, dividing a welding path into n welding spots according to preset spot sizes, wherein the n welding spots are respectively a 1 st welding spot and a 2 nd welding spot;
S4, starting welding, namely starting a laser welding gun 2 to weld the 1 st welding spot of a welding path, emitting laser beams from a laser head 21, reflecting the laser beams to a laser receiving surface 121 of a reflecting baffle 12 through the surface of a joint 3 to be welded, recovering and focusing the reflected laser beams by the laser receiving surface 121, namely preheating the laser beams, guiding the preheating laser beams to the 2 nd welding spot of the welding path, finishing the preheating treatment of the 2 nd welding spot, carrying out the welding treatment on the 2 nd welding spot after the preheating by the laser beams emitted from the laser head 21, sequentially carrying out the preheating treatment and the welding treatment on the rest welding spots on the welding path until all the welding spots are completely preheated and welded, forming a complete welding joint by the joint 3 to be welded, and cooling the preheating device 1 by using a cooling medium flow system in the whole welding process;
The laser is emitted from the laser head 21 and irradiates onto the 1 st welding spot of the joint 3 to be welded, during which a part of the laser energy is reflected by the surface of the joint 3 to be welded and directed towards the laser receiving surface 121 of the reflector plate 12 arranged aside, and the laser receiving surface 121 of the reflector plate 12 not only receives these reflected laser beams, but also focuses them by its special geometry, so as to enhance the energy density of the beam, and the focused laser beam is then guided accurately to the next welding spot of the welding path, which guiding and focusing operations provide the necessary preheating treatment for the next welding spot, effectively reducing the material hardness of the welding area, reducing the energy required during welding, and also contributing to reducing welding spatter and smoke. The process is repeated on all welding spots of the whole welding joint, each welding spot is preheated before actual welding is carried out, the consistency of the welding process and the uniformity of welding seams are ensured, and all welding spots of the whole welding joint are finished through the efficient preheating and welding circulation, so that high-quality welding results are realized.
S5, monitoring the welding process, namely monitoring the preheating condition of welding spots in real time by using an infrared temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) in the whole welding process, transmitting the monitoring result to a control component, and dynamically adjusting welding parameters and operation parameters by the control component according to the monitoring result;
S6, welding quality detection, namely carrying out nondestructive detection on all welding seams, randomly extracting a plurality of groups of welding seam samples, carrying out mechanical property test, and generating a quality detection report.
An optional manner in the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
S7, repairing the weld defects, namely repairing the defective weld when the quality detection result of the weld does not meet the welding quality requirement, wherein the repair area needs to cover the defective weld by 100%, and the repair process comprises laser welding repair, resistance spot welding repair and arc welding repair.
For repairing defective weld joints, a laser welding repair process is preferably selected, and then a resistance spot welding repair process is adopted, wherein the arc welding repair process is only used when the two repair processes cannot be used, and the repair processes can be simultaneously carried out by combining multiple weld joint repair methods due to the existence of structural blind areas and the influence of other factors. This is because laser welding can change the properties of the base material to a minimum extent by virtue of its extremely narrow heat affected zone, achieving highly accurate localized heating. The low heat input reduces the possibility of new defects caused by thermal stress, is suitable for repairing precise or thin-wall structures, can be relatively intensively applied to repairing areas although the heat input is slightly higher than that of laser welding, is suitable for repairing lightweight materials, particularly heat-sensitive metals such as aluminum and magnesium alloy, has the advantages of maximum heat input in arc welding, wide heat influence range and easy large deformation and microstructure damage, and is only selected when the former two are not feasible.
When the laser welding repair process is adopted, the minimum distance between the repair welding line and the center of the original welding line is not less than 2mm, the length of the repair welding line is at least 20mm longer than that of the defect welding line, namely, the two ends of the repair welding line are at least required to be covered by the original welding line by 10mm respectively.
In an optional manner in the embodiment of the present invention, a positioning tracker (not shown in the figure) for visually identifying the actual position of the welding spot in real time is provided in the advancing direction of the preheating device 1, and the positioning tracker transmits identification data to the control component for comparison analysis, and once the fact that the amplitude of the welding path deviated from the actual position of the welding spot exceeds the set threshold value is detected, an alarm signal is triggered immediately to alert an operator to take adjustment measures.
In the preheating process, the workpiece can be displaced due to thermal expansion, mechanical vibration or other external factors, the position of the welding spot is monitored in real time by additionally arranging a positioning tracker in front of the preheating device, the deviation of the position of the welding spot is found in time, the welding path is automatically adjusted, the problem of insufficient preheating or uneven preheating caused by inaccurate positions is solved, the positioning tracker can adapt to the changes, and the positioning tracker is particularly suitable for complex or irregular welding paths and can ensure the uniformity and consistency of the preheating effect.
In an optional manner in the embodiment of the present invention, the nondestructive testing in step S6 includes penetration testing, radiation testing, and ultrasonic testing, and the mechanical property testing includes a transverse tensile test, a bending test, a shear tensile test, and a fatigue test.
It should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of one or more embodiments of the present invention, and that many other embodiments and variations thereof may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
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| JP2014024078A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd | Laser welding apparatus |
| CN105436707A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Connecting method assisted by electro-magnetic induction synchronous preheating and based on laser additive manufacturing |
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| JP2014024078A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd | Laser welding apparatus |
| CN105436707A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Connecting method assisted by electro-magnetic induction synchronous preheating and based on laser additive manufacturing |
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