CN119181980A - Low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristic - Google Patents
Low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN119181980A CN119181980A CN202411545184.XA CN202411545184A CN119181980A CN 119181980 A CN119181980 A CN 119181980A CN 202411545184 A CN202411545184 A CN 202411545184A CN 119181980 A CN119181980 A CN 119181980A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristics, which comprises a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure, a magnetic loss structure and a metal bottom plate, wherein the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure comprises PCB dielectric substrate units which are vertically and crosswise arranged, the magnetic loss structure is filled at the lower end of a hollow cuboid structure surrounded by the PCB dielectric substrate units, the metal bottom plate is arranged on the back of the magnetic loss structure, the front of the PCB dielectric substrate unit comprises a first consumed U-shaped metal strip and a second consumed U-shaped metal strip which are vertically cascaded and have different sizes, the back of the PCB dielectric substrate unit is plated with a consumed I-shaped metal strip which is transversely placed, and each metal strip is loaded with lumped resistors. The electromagnetic performance of the absorber is superior to most of the existing related designs, a new thought is provided for the design of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorber, and the absorber has larger wide application potential in the related designs of electromagnetic stealth and electromagnetic shielding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structures, and particularly relates to a low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave-absorbing characteristics.
Background
The core of stealth technology is to reduce the risk of targets being detected under multiple detection means. The technology reduces the signal characteristics of the target on a plurality of frequency bands such as electromagnetic, acoustic wave, heat energy and the like, so that the target is more difficult to capture by detection systems such as radar, sonar, infrared and the like. In the field of radar stealth, the effect of microwave absorbing materials is particularly critical, and the microwave absorbing materials can reduce the radar cross section of equipment by absorbing electromagnetic waves under the condition of not changing the appearance of the equipment, so that the concealment and battlefield viability of the equipment are effectively improved. The material is widely applied to equipment such as airplanes, ships, tanks and the like. With the development of information technology, the application of electromagnetic waves has been expanded to a plurality of civil technical fields such as communication, wireless data transmission, internet of things and the like. The microwave absorbing material is used for electromagnetic compatibility design, so that electromagnetic interference can be reduced, the sensitivity, stability and safety of equipment are improved, electromagnetic radiation can be reduced, information safety is protected, and external interference is avoided. Therefore, it is important to improve the performance of electromagnetic absorbers, especially those in the microwave low frequency range.
Conventional wave absorbing materials, such as ferrite and iron oxyhydroxide, have a high density and a high weight, although they provide a wide absorption bandwidth and a good low frequency absorption effect at a small thickness. While dielectric loss materials such as silicon carbide and carbon fiber can obtain good absorption effect by increasing the number of layers and thickness, the preparation process is complex and the thickness is larger. In recent years, the electromagnetic metamaterial technology has been remarkably developed, and the microstructure material based on artificial design is widely focused due to the unique electromagnetic characteristics, so that new possibilities are provided for the research and design of the wave-absorbing material. Compared with the traditional wave-absorbing material, the electromagnetic metamaterial absorber has the advantages of flexible design, adjustable electromagnetic parameters, wide absorption frequency band, small volume, thin thickness, light weight and the like, and has extremely high application potential in the fields of electromagnetic stealth and electromagnetic compatibility. At present, the research on electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers in the microwave frequency range still has the defects that the broadband electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers widely applied in the field of electromagnetic compatibility generally have the problems of complex structure, large thickness and poor low-frequency performance. Therefore, designing an electromagnetic absorber having both low frequency and broadband characteristics has important research value and significance.
The electromagnetic metamaterial absorber unit structure is divided from the dimension of the electromagnetic metamaterial absorber unit structure design, and the unit structure can be divided into a two-dimensional structure and a three-dimensional structure. The two-dimensional structure is designed to realize broadband absorption by designing a periodic unit structure on a two-dimensional plane. Structural designs typically use resonators or Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBGs) to enhance absorption, consisting of periodically arranged conductive patterns, which are typically printed on a dielectric substrate. By designing the shape, size and arrangement of the patterns, efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves can be achieved within a specific frequency band. However, the existing electromagnetic metamaterial two-dimensional absorber is mostly designed to have the problems of insufficient absorption bandwidth, large design difficulty for realizing low-frequency absorption below 2GHz, large structural section and limited performance. The three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial absorber has the advantages that the flexibility of the unit structure is obviously higher than that of the two-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial absorber due to the fact that the space design dimension is increased, compared with the two-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial absorber, the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial absorber can achieve a wider absorption band, the stability of the absorption performance under the condition that electromagnetic waves obliquely enter is better, but the design difficulty of achieving low-frequency absorption below 1GHz is still larger, the structural section is larger, the design structure complexity is higher, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristics, and the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure loaded with lumped resistance is combined with the magnetic loss structure, so that the inherent wave absorbing frequency band of the magnetic loss structure is greatly widened, the ultra-wideband high-efficiency wave absorbing characteristics ranging from UHF wave band to K wave band are realized, the relative absorbing bandwidth reaches 187.2 percent, the design is superior to the design of most of the existing electromagnetic absorbers, the problems of poor low-frequency absorbing effect and insufficient wide absorbing frequency band of the conventional two-dimensional or three-dimensional electromagnetic absorber are solved, and the electromagnetic absorber has wide application prospect in the fields of electromagnetic stealth and electromagnetic shielding.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with the ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristic comprises a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure, a magnetic loss structure and a metal bottom plate, wherein the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure comprises PCB (printed circuit board) medium substrate units which are vertically and alternately arranged, the magnetic loss structure is filled at the lower end of a hollow cuboid structure surrounded by the PCB medium substrate units in the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure and is periodically arranged, the metal bottom plate is arranged on the back of the magnetic loss structure to reflect incident electromagnetic waves and enhance the electromagnetic wave absorbing effect, the front of the PCB medium substrate unit comprises a first consumed U-shaped metal strip and a second consumed U-shaped metal strip which are vertically cascaded and have different sizes, the back of the PCB medium substrate unit is plated with a consumed I-shaped metal strip which is transversely placed, and the first consumed U-shaped metal strip, the second consumed U-shaped metal strip and the consumed I-shaped metal strip are all loaded with lumped resistors.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the first and second consumed U-shaped metal strips are respectively arranged above and below the front surface of the PCB medium substrate unit, and two arms of the first and second consumed U-shaped metal strips extend downwards.
The length and width of the two arms of the second consumable U-shaped metal strip are larger than those of the first consumable U-shaped metal strip.
The first consumable U-shaped metal strip is loaded with two lumped resistors which are welded on two sides of the first consumable U-shaped metal strip respectively, the second consumable U-shaped metal strip is loaded with one lumped resistor in the middle, and the consumable I-shaped metal strip is loaded with one lumped resistor in the middle.
The two arms of the first and second consumed U-shaped metal strips in each PCB dielectric substrate unit respectively form a first transmission line structure and a second transmission line structure in cascade with the two arms of the first and second consumed U-shaped metal strips in the other adjacent PCB dielectric substrate units, and the incident port impedance of the first and second transmission line structures in cascade is capacitive in a low frequency domain.
The magnetic loss structure is a square unit structure of the Eccosorb TM FGM-125 magnetic loss absorber.
The length and the width of the metal bottom plate are consistent with those of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
When electromagnetic waves are incident to the electromagnetic absorber, the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure and the magnetic loss structure are mutually complemented, wherein the magnetic loss structure realizes efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves in the C wave band and the X wave band, the first consumed U-shaped metal strip and the second consumed U-shaped metal strip in the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure realize efficient absorption in the UHF wave band to the C wave band, and meanwhile, the first consumed U-shaped metal strip, the second consumed U-shaped metal strip and the consumed I-shaped metal strip realize efficient absorption in the X wave band to the K wave band.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention absorbs the incident electromagnetic wave by loading the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial structure with lumped resistance and combining the magnetic loss structure with the metal bottom plate, and provides a design scheme of the low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorption characteristics, so that the low-frequency UHF band absorption is realized, the lowest absorption frequency reaches 0.737GHz, the wave absorption frequency is wide, the absorption frequency is covered from the UHF band to the K band, the absorption rate is high, and the in-band absorption rate is higher than 90%.
The invention realizes dual polarization and angle insensitivity, through the combined design of a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial structure, a magnetic loss structure and a metal bottom plate, the ultra-wide wave absorption property of the ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorber can be ensured under the incidence of a large angle, the absorption performance of the ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorber is insensitive to the polarization mode of incident waves by a central symmetrical unit structure, the novel ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorber structure design from UHF wave band to K wave band absorption is realized, the ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorber realizes dual polarization absorption by introducing the magnetic loss structure into the unit structure, the frequency band range of the absorption rate of >90 percent is 0.737 to 22.247GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 187.2 percent, and the ultra-wide band electromagnetic absorber structure is superior to the existing majority of electromagnetic absorber structures.
The ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorber structure has the specific low-profile structural characteristic that compared with the conventional electromagnetic absorber structure, the ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorber structure has a lower profile, and the thickness of the profile is only 0.0489 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest absorption frequency point.
The low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristics has the advantages of simple structural design, small processing difficulty and low processing cost, has electromagnetic performance superior to most of existing related designs, provides a new thought for the design of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorber, and has larger wide application potential in the related designs of electromagnetic stealth and electromagnetic shielding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic absorber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a magnetic loss structure and metal bottom plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of reflectance and absorbance at normal incidence of TE, TM waves of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the absorption rate of TE wave oblique incidence of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the absorption rate of the TM oblique incidence of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Although the steps of the present invention are arranged by reference numerals, the order of the steps is not limited, and the relative order of the steps may be adjusted unless the order of the steps is explicitly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis. It is to be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein relates to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristics comprises a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure loaded with lumped resistance, a magnetic loss structure and a metal bottom plate;
The three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure comprises PCB medium substrates which are vertically and crosswise arranged, wherein the front surface of a medium substrate unit comprises two consumable U-shaped metal strips (namely a first consumable U-shaped metal strip and a second consumable U-shaped metal strip) which are vertically cascaded and have different sizes, and one consumable I-shaped metal strip which is transversely placed is plated on the back surface of the medium substrate unit, so that the absorption of X-K wave bands is realized;
The magnetic loss structure is a square unit structure of the Eccosorb TM FGM-125 magnetic loss absorber, the metal bottom plate reflects incident electromagnetic waves to enhance the absorption effect of the electromagnetic waves, and the ultra-wideband absorption from UHF wave band to K wave band is realized by combining the magnetic loss structure and the metal bottom plate, wherein the absorption range is 0.737GHz to 22.247GHz.
The three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is formed by the combined action of the magnetic loss material and the metal bottom plate.
In an embodiment, the lengths and widths of two arms of a lower U-shaped metal strip on the front side of the side wall of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing unit are larger than those of an upper cascading U-shaped metal strip, wherein the upper U-shaped metal strip is loaded with two lumped resistors, the lower U-shaped metal strip is loaded with one lumped resistor in the middle, the two arms of the two U-shaped metal strips and the two arms of a transversely adjacent U-shaped metal strip form a transmission line structure together, and through size optimization, the incident port impedance of the two cascading transmission line structures is capacitive in a low frequency domain. The back of the side wall of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing unit is plated with a transverse I-shaped metal strip, and a lumped resistor is loaded in the middle of the I-shaped metal strip.
In the embodiment, the magnetic loss structure units are filled at the lower end of the hollow area of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave-absorbing structure unit and are periodically distributed, the back of the magnetic loss structure is adhered with the metal bottom plate, and the length and width of the metal bottom plate are consistent with those of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave-absorbing structure.
In the embodiment, when electromagnetic waves are incident to the electromagnetic absorber, the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure and the magnetic loss structure are mutually complemented, wherein the magnetic loss structure realizes efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves of a C wave band and an X wave band, and the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure has the advantage that the overall structure realizes efficient absorption of the electromagnetic wave of UHF to the C wave band due to the fact that the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure has the advantage that the U-shaped metal strips with the capacity at the low frequency band are used for enabling the overall structure to realize efficient absorption of the electromagnetic wave of the C wave band, and meanwhile, the three metal strips with the consumption are cascaded and designed to realize efficient absorption of the electromagnetic wave of the X wave band to the K wave band.
The absorption frequency band of the low frequency band is formed by the combined action of the U-shaped metal strips on the front side of the side wall of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorption structure and the magnetic loss structure, and in the absorption frequency band, the magnetic loss structure realizes the high-efficiency absorption of the incident electromagnetic wave of the low frequency band, meanwhile, the consumed U-shaped metal strips show the capacitance in the low frequency band, the absorption bandwidth of the low frequency band is widened, and the lowest absorption frequency point reaches 0.737GHz.
The absorption frequency band of the high frequency band is realized by cascading three consumable metal strips of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure, in the absorption frequency band, the metal strips loaded with lumped resistance in the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial wave absorbing structure form LC series resonance, so that the high-efficiency absorption of the incident electromagnetic wave of the high frequency band is realized, and the energy of the incident electromagnetic wave is lost by the lumped resistance.
Embodiment referring specifically to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-profile dual-polarized electromagnetic metamaterial absorber structure 2 x2 unit with ultra-wideband wave absorbing characteristics according to the present invention. The three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial structure is arranged right above the metal bottom plate, the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial structure is a periodic structure which is vertically and alternately arranged, each wave-absorbing structure unit consists of a hollow cuboid structure surrounded by four FR-4 medium substrates with the thickness of 0.254mm and the dielectric constant of 4.3, the wave-absorbing structure height h is 19.9mm, and the period p is 12mm.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial unit according to the present invention. The front unit structure consists of two U-shaped metal strips 1 and 2 (respectively representing a first consumed U-shaped metal strip and a second consumed U-shaped metal strip) which are cascaded up and down.
The U-shaped metal strip 1 is 0.1mm away from the top of the medium substrate, the width of the U-shaped metal strip 1 is w 1 =0.2 mm, the length in the horizontal direction is l 1 =11.35 mm, the extending lengths of two sides of the U-shaped metal strip 1 in the-z direction are l 2 =6 mm, the width of the extending metal strip is w 2 =0.1 mm, the width of all lumped resistors is 0.8mm, two lumped resistors 1 (350 omega) with the same resistance value are welded on two sides of the U-shaped metal strip 1 respectively, and the distance between the two lumped resistors is l 3 =6.8 mm;
The U-shaped metal strip 2 is positioned below the U-shaped metal strip 1, the distance is g 1 =2.7mm, the width of the U-shaped metal strip 2 is w 3 =0.1 mm, the length in the horizontal direction is l 4 =10.15mm, the extending lengths of two sides of the U-shaped metal strip 2 in the-z direction are l 5 =11 mm, the width of the extending metal strip is w 4 =0.7mm, and the lumped resistor 2 is welded at the center position (300 Ω) of the lumped resistor 2.
Fig. 3 shows a back structure diagram of a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial unit, the back structure of the three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial unit is composed of an I-shaped metal strip, the height of the I-shaped metal strip from a metal bottom plate is h 1 =15.2 mm, the width of the I-shaped metal strip is w 5 =0.2 mm, the length in the horizontal direction is l 6 =11.55 mm, and a lumped resistor 3 is welded at the center (400 Ω) of the lumped resistor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic loss structure and a metal bottom plate, wherein the length and the width of the metal bottom plate are both 12mm, the magnetic loss structure is directly arranged on the metal bottom plate, the magnetic loss structure is a square unit structure of an Eccosorb TM FGM-125 magnetic loss absorber, the length and the width are both p 1 =11.3 mm, the overall height is t 1 =6.6 mm, and the distance between the magnetic loss structure and one side with a dielectric substrate is g 2 =0.223 mm.
Fig. 5 shows the reflection coefficient and absorption rate curves of TE and TM waves at normal incidence in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the present invention has an ultra-wide absorption band, and the TE and TM wave curves almost coincide, thereby having dual polarization absorption effects. The light-emitting diode has low reflection characteristic (S11 < -10 dB) in the frequency range from 0.737GHz to 22.247GHz, the absorptivity is over 90%, and the relative bandwidth reaches 187.2%.
Fig. 6 shows a TE oblique incidence absorption rate simulation curve in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that in the case of TE oblique incidence, the absorption rate in the frequency band can be kept above 90% within 20 degrees of the incident angle, and in the case of 30 degrees and 40 degrees of incidence, most of the frequency points in the frequency band can be kept above 80% of the absorption rate, and only about 17GHz shows a decrease in the absorption rate.
Fig. 7 shows a simulation curve of the absorption rate of TM wave oblique incidence in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that in the case of TM wave oblique incidence, most of frequency points in a frequency band can maintain the absorption rate above 90% within 40 degrees of oblique incidence.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
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