CN119154438A - Energy storage system, energy management method thereof, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Energy storage system, energy management method thereof, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本申请涉及电池能量管理技术领域，具体提供一种储能系统及其能量管理方法、电子设备、存储介质，旨在解决提高储能系统存储效率并使电池簇能量均衡的问题。本申请提供的方法包括根据电池堆的第一充电/放电功率与运行电池簇的SOC，对运行电池簇进行功率分配，确定运行电池簇的第二充电/放电功率；根据第二充电/放电功率控制运行电池簇对应的DC/DC，对运行电池簇进行充电/放电；根据电池堆内各电池簇的SOC，确定需要补电的第一电池簇和不需要补电的第二电池簇；通过第一、第二电池簇对应的DC/DC，控制第一、第二电池簇之间进行相互充放电，直至SOC相同。基于上述方法，可以提高储能系统存储效率并使电池簇能量均衡。
The present application relates to the field of battery energy management technology, and specifically provides an energy storage system and its energy management method, electronic equipment, and storage medium, aiming to solve the problem of improving the storage efficiency of the energy storage system and balancing the energy of the battery cluster. The method provided in the present application includes allocating power to the operating battery cluster according to the first charging/discharging power of the battery stack and the SOC of the operating battery cluster, and determining the second charging/discharging power of the operating battery cluster; controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the operating battery cluster according to the second charging/discharging power to charge/discharge the operating battery cluster; determining the first battery cluster that needs to be supplemented and the second battery cluster that does not need to be supplemented according to the SOC of each battery cluster in the battery stack; and controlling the mutual charging and discharging between the first and second battery clusters through the DC/DC corresponding to the first and second battery clusters until the SOCs are the same. Based on the above method, the storage efficiency of the energy storage system can be improved and the energy of the battery clusters can be balanced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery energy management, in particular to an energy storage system, an energy management method thereof, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
Background
The energy storage system is typically managed by an energy management system (ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, EMS) that may include a Battery management system (Battery MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) and a power conversion system (Power Conditioning System, PCS). The management architecture of the battery management system BMS is a three-level management architecture consisting of a master battery management unit (Battery Array Unit, BAU), a plurality of slave battery management units (Battery Control Unit, BCU) and a plurality of battery harvesting equalization units (Battery Management Unit, BMU). The battery management system comprises a master battery management unit (BAU) and a plurality of slave battery acquisition equalization units (BMU), wherein the master battery management unit (BAU) is used for managing a battery stack, the battery stack comprises a plurality of battery clusters, each battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery modules, the slave battery management units (BCU) are respectively used for managing one battery cluster, and the battery acquisition equalization units (BMU) are respectively used for managing battery packs.
The energy storage subsystem also comprises a high-voltage control box which can convert and store energy of the battery cluster. For example, the alternating current input from the external system is converted into the direct current to input the direct current to the battery cluster for storage during charging, and the direct current output from the battery cluster is converted into the alternating current to output the alternating current to the external system during discharging. But the high voltage control box is highly dependent on the battery management system BMS monitoring the battery state during operation, and if an error or delay occurs in the monitoring result, the operation safety and efficiency of the high voltage control box may be affected. In addition, the high voltage control box performs energy conversion and storage on the battery clusters according to the stack-level allowable charge and discharge power acquired by the battery management system BMS. And the stack-level allowable charge-discharge power is the product of the allowable charge-discharge power of a target battery cluster in the stack and the number of operating battery clusters, wherein the operating battery cluster is the battery cluster in an operating state, and the target battery cluster is the operating battery cluster with the minimum allowable charge-discharge power. Since the stack-level allowable charge-discharge power is not the cumulative sum of the allowable charge-discharge powers of all the operating battery clusters, insufficient charge-discharge of the individual battery clusters may result when charging and discharging are performed according to the stack-level allowable charge-discharge power, reducing the storage efficiency of the entire energy storage subsystem. In addition, when the energy difference between the battery clusters is increased due to the reasons of self-power consumption, capacity fading and the like, the battery clusters can be charged only by a manual charging mode, so that the energy balance between the battery clusters is realized, and the operation is complicated.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new solution to the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is proposed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, and to solve or at least partially solve the technical problems of improving the storage efficiency of the energy storage system and ensuring the energy balance of the battery clusters in the energy storage system.
In a first aspect, there is provided an energy management method of an energy storage system including an energy management system EMS and an energy storage subsystem including a battery management system BMS and a battery stack, the battery stack including a plurality of battery clusters, the battery management system BMS including a plurality of battery management units BCU in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, the energy storage subsystem further including a plurality of DC/DCs in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, the method being applied to the energy management system EMS, the method comprising:
when the energy storage subsystem operates, power distribution is carried out on the operating battery cluster according to the first charging/discharging power of the battery stack and the state of charge (SOC) of the operating battery cluster in the battery stack so as to determine the second charging/discharging power of the operating battery cluster;
When the energy storage subsystem is not operated, determining a first battery cluster needing to be charged and a second battery cluster not needing to be charged according to the state of charge (SOC) of each battery cluster in the battery stack; and controlling the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster to charge and discharge mutually through the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster until the charge states SOC of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are the same.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the determining, according to the SOC of each battery cluster in the stack, a first battery cluster requiring power replenishment and a second battery cluster not requiring power replenishment includes:
Acquiring an equalization target value according to the average value of the charge states SOC of all the battery clusters in the battery stack;
And if the state of charge (SOC) of the battery cluster is greater than or equal to the equalization target value, the battery cluster is a second battery cluster which does not need to be charged.
In one technical solution of the above energy management method, the energy storage subsystem includes a power conversion system PCS, a first DC side of the DC/DC is connected to a DC bus of the power conversion system PCS, a second DC side of the DC/DC is connected to the battery cluster, and the controlling, by the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster, the mutual charging and discharging between the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster includes:
controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster to operate in a discharging mode so as to control the second battery cluster to discharge through a direct current bus of the PCS;
and controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster to operate in a charging mode so as to control the first battery cluster to charge through a direct current bus of the PCS.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the method further includes:
Controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster to operate in a constant voltage charging mode, and controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster to operate in a constant current discharging mode;
Or alternatively
And controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster to operate in a constant current charging mode, and controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster to operate in a constant voltage discharging mode.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the distributing power to the operating battery cluster according to the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack and the state of charge SOC of the operating battery cluster in the battery stack includes:
acquiring a battery stack SOC of the battery stack, wherein the battery stack SOC is the sum of the charge states SOC of all operating battery clusters in the battery stack;
Respectively obtaining the SOC ratio between the SOC of each running battery cluster and the SOC of the battery stack, and obtaining the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster according to the SOC ratio of the running battery cluster;
and distributing power to the running battery cluster according to the power distribution ratio of the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack to the running battery cluster.
In one technical scheme of the above energy management method, the obtaining the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster according to the SOC ratio of the running battery cluster includes:
when the first charge/discharge power and the second charge/discharge power are both discharge power, taking the SOC ratio of the running battery cluster as the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster;
When the first charge/discharge power and the second charge/discharge power are both charge power, sequencing the running battery clusters from high to low according to the state of charge (SOC) to form a battery cluster sequence, sequencing the SOC ratios of the running battery clusters from low to high to form an SOC ratio sequence, and taking the ith SOC ratio in the SOC ratio sequence as the power distribution ratio of the jth running battery cluster in the battery cluster sequence, wherein i=j.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the performing power distribution on the operating battery cluster according to a power distribution ratio of the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack to the operating battery cluster includes:
Obtaining an ideal power value of the running battery cluster according to the product of the first charge/discharge power and the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster;
if the ideal power value is greater than or equal to a preset power extremum, the running battery cluster is an excess battery cluster, and the second charging/discharging power of the excess battery cluster is obtained according to the preset power extremum;
if the ideal power value is smaller than the preset power extremum, the running battery cluster is a non-excessive battery cluster, and the second charging/discharging power of the non-excessive battery cluster is obtained according to the ideal power value;
Wherein,
The preset power extremum is the charging/discharging power extremum of the running battery cluster or the preset power extremum is the power extremum of the DC/DC corresponding to the running battery cluster.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the method further includes:
Acquiring a power difference value between the ideal power value of the excess battery cluster and the preset power extreme value;
obtaining residual charge/discharge power according to the power difference values of all excess battery clusters;
And carrying out power distribution on the non-excess battery cluster again according to the power distribution ratio of the residual charge/discharge power to the non-excess battery cluster.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the energy storage subsystem includes a power conversion system PCS, a first DC side of the DC/DC is connected to a DC bus of the power conversion system PCS, a second DC side of the DC/DC is connected to the battery cluster, and the DC/DC corresponding to the operating battery cluster is controlled according to the second charging/discharging power to charge/discharge the operating battery cluster, including:
determining a target charging/discharging current of the DC/DC corresponding to the running battery cluster according to the second charging/discharging power of the running battery cluster and the voltage of the direct current bus;
Determining a droop control parameter of the DC/DC according to a target charge/discharge current of the DC/DC by adopting a droop control method, wherein the droop control parameter comprises a virtual resistance of the DC/DC, and
And adjusting the actual charging/discharging current of the DC/DC according to the virtual resistor so that the actual charging/discharging current is the same as the target charging/discharging current.
In one aspect of the above energy management method, the method further includes:
And if the target charging/discharging current exceeds the charging/discharging current limit value of the DC/DC, adjusting the actual charging/discharging current of the DC/DC to the charging/discharging current limit value.
In a second aspect, an energy storage system is provided, the energy storage system comprising an energy management system EMS and an energy storage subsystem, the energy storage subsystem comprising a battery management system BMS and a battery stack, the battery stack comprising a plurality of battery clusters, the battery management system BMS comprising a plurality of battery management units BCU, the plurality of battery management units BCU being in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, the energy storage subsystem further comprising a plurality of DC/DCs, the plurality of DC/DCs being in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, wherein the energy management system EMS is configured to perform the energy management method of the energy storage system provided in the first aspect.
In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the at least one processor, implements the method of any one of the above-mentioned energy management methods of the energy storage system.
In a fourth aspect, a computer readable storage medium is provided, in which a plurality of program codes are stored, which are adapted to be loaded and run by a processor to perform the method according to any one of the above-mentioned energy management methods of an energy storage system.
The technical scheme provided by the application has at least one or more of the following beneficial effects:
In one technical scheme of implementing the energy management method of the energy storage system provided by the application, the energy storage system comprises an energy management system EMS and an energy storage subsystem, the energy storage subsystem comprises a battery management system BMS and a battery stack, the battery stack comprises a plurality of battery clusters, the battery management system BMS comprises a plurality of battery management units BCU, the plurality of battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, the energy storage subsystem further comprises a plurality of DC/DC, and the plurality of DC/DC are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters. In the technical scheme, the method is applied to the energy management system EMS, and comprises the steps of distributing power of the operating battery cluster according to the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack and the state of charge SOC of the operating battery cluster in the battery stack when the energy storage subsystem is operated so as to determine the second charge/discharge power of the operating battery cluster, and controlling DC/DC corresponding to the operating battery cluster according to the second charge/discharge power so as to charge/discharge the operating battery cluster. And controlling the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster to charge and discharge mutually through DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster until the charge states of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are the same.
Based on the above embodiment, when the energy storage subsystem operates, the DC/DC can be used for controlling the charge and discharge of the operating battery cluster, and as the DC/DC is provided with an independent central controller, the DC/DC does not depend on a battery management system BMS during operation and has the protection functions of overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage and the like, the safety and the efficiency of charge and discharge control can be ensured compared with the high-voltage control box. In addition, when the energy storage subsystem operates, the power distribution is carried out on the operating battery clusters by utilizing the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack and the state of charge (SOC) of the operating battery clusters in the battery stack, so that the problem of low storage efficiency of the whole energy storage subsystem caused by insufficient charge and discharge of individual battery clusters can be avoided. In addition, when the energy storage subsystem is not in operation, the first battery cluster needing power supply and the second battery cluster needing no power supply can be mutually charged and discharged by utilizing the DC/DC control, so that the energy balance of the battery clusters is ensured, the automatic balance control of the battery clusters is realized, and the convenience of the energy balance control is greatly improved compared with a manual power supply mode.
Drawings
The present disclosure will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the application. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the primary structure of an energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the main steps of a method of energy management according to one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the main steps of power distribution to an operating battery cluster according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the main steps of controlling DC/DC corresponding to an operating battery cluster, and charging/discharging the operating battery cluster according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the main steps of determining a first cluster of cells requiring power replenishment and a second cluster of cells not requiring power replenishment according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the main steps of controlling the mutual charge and discharge between a first battery cluster and a second battery cluster according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a main structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a prior art energy storage system;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an energy storage subsystem according to one embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
11, a memory and 12, a processor.
Detailed Description
Some embodiments of the application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, a "processor" may include hardware, software, or a combination of both. The processor may be a central processor, a microprocessor, an image processor, a digital signal processor, or any other suitable processor. The processor has data and/or signal processing functions. The processor may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of both. The computer readable storage medium includes any suitable medium that can store program code, such as magnetic disks, hard disks, optical disks, flash memory, read-only memory, random access memory, and the like.
Some terms related to the present application will be explained first.
The DC/DC is a direct current-direct current converter (Direct Current to Direct Current Converter) capable of effecting bidirectional conversion of direct current electrical energy. For example, the DC/DC includes two DC sides (hereinafter, referred to as a first DC side and a second DC side), and if the first DC side inputs a first DC voltage of a voltage a, the DC/DC can be controlled to convert the first DC voltage into a second DC voltage of a voltage B and output the second DC voltage via the second DC side, and if the second DC side inputs a second DC voltage, the DC/DC can be controlled to convert the second DC voltage into a first DC voltage and output the first DC voltage via the first DC side.
Embodiments of an energy management method for an energy storage system according to the present application are described below.
First, the energy storage system in this embodiment will be described.
The energy storage system in this embodiment includes an energy management system EMS (Energy Management System), at least one energy storage subsystem. The energy storage subsystem includes a Battery management system BMS (Battery MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), a Battery stack, at least one DC/DC. The battery stack includes a plurality of battery clusters, the battery management system BMS includes a plurality of battery management units BCU (Battery Control Unit), the plurality of battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, and the plurality of DC/DC are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 illustrates a main structure of an energy storage system. As shown in FIG. 1, the energy storage system comprises an energy management system EMS and N energy storage subsystems, wherein N is larger than or equal to 1.
Each energy storage subsystem comprises a battery management system BMS (not shown in fig. 1), a battery stack and M DC/DC, the battery management system BMS comprising M battery management units BCU, the battery stack comprising M battery clusters, M being ≡1. The system comprises M DC/DC and M battery clusters, wherein each DC/DC is connected with the corresponding battery cluster, M battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the M battery clusters, and each battery management unit BCU is connected with the corresponding battery cluster.
The energy management method in this embodiment is described below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the main steps of an energy management method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the energy management method in the embodiment of the present application mainly includes performing energy management on the energy storage subsystem through the following steps S101 to S105.
Step S101, determining the operation state of the energy storage subsystem, if the energy storage subsystem is in operation, executing step S102 and step S103, and if the energy storage subsystem is not in operation, executing step S104 and step S105.
Step S102, power distribution is carried out on the operating battery cluster according to the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack and the charge state SOC (State Of Charge) of the operating battery cluster in the battery stack so as to determine the second charge/discharge power of the operating battery cluster.
If the running state of the battery stack is the charging state, the running battery clusters in the battery stack are the battery clusters which are being charged, and at the moment, the power distribution is carried out on the running battery clusters according to the first charging power of the battery stack, and the sum of the second charging powers distributed by all the running battery clusters is equal to the first charging power.
If the operating state of the cell stack is a discharging state, the operating cell clusters in the cell stack are the cell clusters which are discharging, at this time, the power distribution is carried out on the operating cell clusters according to the first discharging power of the cell stack, and the sum of the second discharging powers distributed by all the operating cell clusters is equal to the first discharging power.
When the battery pack is charged, the residual capacity of the battery pack can be determined according to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack, if the residual capacity is small, more charging power can be allocated to the battery pack, otherwise, less charging power can be allocated to the battery pack.
When discharging, if the residual capacity of the running battery cluster is large, more discharging power can be allocated to the running battery cluster, otherwise, less discharging power can be allocated to the running battery cluster.
And step S103, controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the running battery cluster according to the second charging/discharging power, and charging/discharging the running battery cluster.
During charging, the current on the battery side of the DC/DC battery can be controlled to be negative (i.e., the charging current), so that external power can be charged to the battery cluster through the DC/DC, the battery side is the direct current side connected to the battery cluster in the DC/DC, and the magnitude of the charging current can be determined according to the second charging power. During discharging, the current of the DC/DC battery side can be controlled to be positive (namely, the discharging current), so that the battery cluster can be discharged outwards through the DC/DC, and the discharging current can be determined according to the second discharging power. In this embodiment, a conventional DC/DC control method may be used to charge and discharge the operating battery clusters.
In the method described in the above steps S102 to S103, since the DC/DC has an independent central controller, the DC/DC does not depend on the BMS during operation, and has protection functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, etc., the safety and efficiency of the charge/discharge control can be ensured compared with the high-voltage control box. In addition, the power distribution is carried out on the running battery clusters according to the SOC of the running battery clusters in the battery stack, so that the problem of reduced storage efficiency of the whole energy storage subsystem caused by insufficient charge and discharge of the individual battery clusters can be avoided.
Step S104, according to the charge state SOC of each battery cluster in the battery stack, determining a first battery cluster needing to be charged and a second battery cluster not needing to be charged.
Under normal conditions, the energy stored by each cluster of cells within the stack is substantially the same, i.e., energy balanced. However, due to the self-consumption, capacity fading and the like, the energy stored in different battery clusters may be different, and therefore, the electric energy of the battery clusters needs to be adjusted, and the energy balance is still maintained.
The remaining capacity of the battery cluster can be determined according to the state of charge SOC of the battery cluster, and the remaining capacity can be understood as the current actually stored energy of the battery cluster. The larger the state of charge SOC, the more the remaining capacity, and conversely the less the remaining capacity. Therefore, according to the state of charge SOC, it can be determined which battery clusters need to be charged, i.e. charged, and which battery clusters do not need to be charged, i.e. not charged.
And step 105, controlling the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster to charge and discharge mutually through the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster until the charge states SOC of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are the same.
Specifically, the second battery cluster is controlled to discharge through the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster, and the first battery cluster is controlled to charge through the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster, so that the energy released by the second battery cluster can be stored into the first battery cluster by the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster and the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster, and the automatic power supply of the first battery cluster is realized. When the states of charge (SOC) of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are the same, the residual capacities of the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster are the same, and at the moment, the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster realize energy balance.
Based on the method described in the steps S104 to S105, when the energy stored in the battery clusters in the battery stack is different, the battery clusters can be automatically charged through the DC/DC, so that the energy balance of the battery clusters is ensured, and compared with the manual charging mode, the convenience of energy balance control is greatly improved.
The steps S102 to S105 are further described below.
1. Step S102 will be described.
In some embodiments of step S102 described above, power distribution to the operating battery clusters may be performed by the following steps S1021 through S1023 shown in fig. 3.
Step S1021, obtaining the battery stack SOC of the battery stack, wherein the battery stack SOC is the sum of the charge states SOC of all the operating battery clusters in the battery stack.
Step S1022, the SOC ratio between the SOC of each running battery cluster and the SOC of the battery stack is obtained, and the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster is obtained according to the SOC ratio of the running battery cluster.
The value range of the SOC ratio of the running battery cluster is 0 to 1, and the higher the SOC ratio is, the higher the ratio of the residual capacity of the running battery cluster in the residual capacity of the whole battery stack is, namely, the more the residual capacity is, and otherwise, the lower the residual capacity is.
As can be seen from the description of step S102 in the foregoing embodiment, during charging, if the remaining capacity is small, some charging power may be allocated more to the running battery cluster, and if the remaining capacity is large, some charging power may be allocated less to the running battery cluster. Based on this, a difference obtained by subtracting the SOC ratio from 1 is obtained, and this difference is taken as the power distribution ratio of the operating battery cluster. In discharging, if the residual capacity is large, more discharging power can be allocated to the running battery cluster, otherwise, less discharging power can be allocated to the running battery cluster. Based on this, the SOC ratio may be taken as the power distribution ratio of the operating battery cluster.
Step S1023, the power distribution of the operating battery cluster is performed according to the ratio of the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack to the power distribution of the operating battery cluster.
In the present embodiment, a product of the first charge/discharge power and the power distribution ratio may be obtained, and the second charge/discharge power distributed to the operating battery cluster may be obtained based on the product. Specifically, during charging, a first product of a first charging power and a power distribution ratio is obtained, the first product is used as a second charging power, a second product of a first discharging power and the power distribution ratio is obtained, and the second product is used as a second discharging power.
For example, there are four operating battery clusters 1-4 in the stack, and the states of charge SOC of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are SOC 1-SOC 4, respectively. Therefore, the SOC ratios of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are respectively:
k1=SOC1/(SOC1+SOC2+SOC3+SOC);
k2=SOC2/(SOC1+SOC2+SOC3+SOC);
k3=SOC3/(SOC1+SOC2+SOC3+SOC);
k4=SOC4/(SOC1+SOC2+SOC3+SOC)。
At the time of charging, the first charging power is Pc, and the second charging powers of the four operation battery clusters 1-4 are (1-k 1) xPc, (1-k 2) xPc, (1-k 3) xPc, (1-k 4) xPc, respectively.
At the time of discharge, the first discharge power is Pd, and the second discharge powers of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are k1×Pc, k2×Pc, k3×Pc, k4×Pc, respectively.
Based on the methods described in the steps S1021 to S1023, the power distribution of the running battery cluster can be conveniently and accurately completed by using the state of charge SOC of the running battery cluster.
Step S1022 and step S1023 are further described below.
Step S1022 is described.
In some embodiments of step S1022 described above, when the first charge/discharge power and the second charge/discharge power are both discharge powers (i.e., at the time of discharging), the SOC ratio of the operating battery cluster is taken as the power distribution ratio of the operating battery cluster. When the first charge/discharge power and the second charge/discharge power are both charge powers (i.e., at the time of charging), the power distribution ratio is obtained through the following steps 11 to 13.
And 11, sequencing the running battery clusters according to the SOC from high to low to form a battery cluster sequence. And step 12, sequencing the SOC ratios of the running battery clusters from low to high to form a SOC ratio sequence. And step 13, taking the ith SOC ratio in the SOC ratio sequence as the power distribution ratio of the jth running battery cluster in the battery cluster sequence, wherein i=j.
For example, four operating battery clusters 1-4 are arranged in the battery stack, the SOC ratios of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are k1-k4, and k1< k2< k3< k4, and the power distribution ratios of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are k4, k3, k2 and k1. If the first charge power is Pc, the second charge powers of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are k4×pc, k3×pc, k2×pc, k1×pc, respectively.
Based on the methods described in the above steps 11 to 13, the power distribution ratio of the operating battery cluster during charging can be obtained quickly and accurately by using the magnitude relation between the SOC ratios.
(II) step S1023 will be described.
In some embodiments of the above step S1023, the power distribution of the operating battery cluster may be performed by the following steps 21 to 24 and according to the power distribution ratio of the operating battery cluster.
And step 21, obtaining an ideal power value of the running battery cluster according to the product of the first charge/discharge power and the power distribution ratio of the running battery cluster. Specifically, the product may be taken as the ideal power value.
Step 22, determining whether the ideal power value is greater than or equal to a preset power limit. The preset power extremum is the charge/discharge power extremum of the running battery cluster or the power extremum of the DC/DC corresponding to the running battery cluster.
If the power value is greater than or equal to the preset power extremum, it indicates that the ideal power value exceeds the rated power value capable of charging/discharging or the power extremum of DC/DC of the operating battery cluster, and the ideal power value cannot be used as the second charging/discharging power of the operating battery cluster at this time, so the process goes to step 23, and the second charging/discharging power is obtained according to the preset power extremum.
If the power value is smaller than the preset power extremum, the ideal power value is not beyond the rated power value capable of charging/discharging or the power extremum of DC/DC of the running battery cluster, and the ideal power value can be used as the second charging/discharging power of the running battery cluster, so that the process goes to step 24, and the second charging/discharging power is obtained according to the ideal power value.
And step 23, operating the battery cluster as an excess battery cluster, and acquiring second charging/discharging power of the excess battery cluster according to the preset power extreme value.
And 24, operating the battery cluster into a non-excessive battery cluster, and acquiring second charging/discharging power of the non-excessive battery cluster according to the ideal power value.
Based on the methods described in the above steps 21 to 24, the power distribution can be more reasonably performed in consideration of the charge/discharge power extremum of the running battery cluster and the power extremum of the DC/DC.
In some embodiments, for an excess battery cluster, the ideal power value for the excess battery cluster cannot be fully allocated to the excess battery cluster, and therefore, some power remains after allocation, for which the remaining power may be re-allocated to non-excess battery clusters. Specifically, the power distribution can be performed again for the non-excess battery clusters through the following steps 31 to 33.
Step 31, obtaining a power difference value between the ideal power value and the preset power extreme value of the excess battery cluster, wherein the power difference value is the distributed residual power.
And step 32, obtaining the residual charge/discharge power according to the power difference value of all the excess battery clusters. Specifically, the sum of the power difference values of all the excess battery clusters may be taken as the remaining charge/discharge power.
And step 33, carrying out power distribution on the non-excess battery cluster again according to the power distribution ratio of the residual charge/discharge power to the non-excess battery cluster. The method of performing power allocation again for the non-excess battery cluster is the same as the power allocation method in the foregoing embodiment.
For example, four operating battery clusters 1-4 are arranged in the battery stack, the SOCs of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are SOC1=20%, SOC2=40%, SOC1=60% and SOC1=80%, and the ideal power values of the four operating battery clusters 1-4 when discharging are respectively 0.1 xPd, 0.2 xPd, 0.3 xPd and 0.4 xPd. If the preset power limit is 0.25×pd, the four operating battery clusters 1-4 are allocated to the second discharge power of 0.1×pd, 0.2×pd, 0.25×pd, respectively, the operating battery clusters 1, 2 are non-excess battery clusters, and the operating battery clusters 3, 4 are excess battery clusters. At this time, the residual discharge power was 0.2×pd, and 0.2×pd was allocated again to the operating battery clusters 1, 2.
Based on the above-mentioned methods of steps 31 to 33, when the excess battery cluster is allocated to store the remaining power, the power allocation can be performed again on the non-excess battery cluster, so that the energy storage subsystem can accurately and reliably complete the charge/discharge according to the first charge/discharge power of the battery stack.
2. Step S103 will be described.
In some embodiments of step S103 described above, the energy storage subsystem includes a power conversion system PCS (Power Convert System), a first DC side of the DC/DC is connected to the DC bus of the power conversion system PCS, and a second DC side of the DC/DC is connected to the battery cluster. In the present embodiment, the operation battery clusters can be charged/discharged by controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the operation battery clusters through the following steps S1031 to S1033 shown in fig. 4.
Step S1031, determining a target charging/discharging current of the DC/DC corresponding to the operating battery cluster according to the second charging/discharging power of the operating battery cluster and the voltage of the DC bus.
In the present embodiment, the target charging/discharging current of DC/DC may be obtained from the second charging/discharging power and the voltage of the DC bus while maintaining the voltage of the DC bus unchanged.
Step S1032, determining Droop Control parameters of the DC/DC according to the target charge/discharge current of the DC/DC by adopting a Droop Control (Droop Control) method, wherein the Droop Control parameters comprise virtual resistances of the DC/DC.
In this embodiment, a conventional droop control method may be used to determine the virtual resistance of the DC/DC based on the target charge/discharge current of the DC/DC.
And step S1033, adjusting the actual charge/discharge current of the DC/DC according to the virtual resistor by adopting a droop control method so that the actual charge/discharge current is the same as the target charge/discharge current.
In this embodiment, a conventional droop control method may be used to adjust the actual charge/discharge current of DC/DC based on the virtual resistance.
During charging, the output current of the second direct current side (the direct current side connected with the battery cluster) of the DC/DC is controlled according to the actual charging current of the DC/DC, so that external electric energy can be stored into the running battery cluster through the DC/DC to realize charging. During discharging, the output current of the second direct current side of the DC/DC is controlled according to the actual discharging current of the DC/DC, so that the battery cluster can be discharged outwards through the DC/DC. In addition, since the actual charge/discharge current of the DC/DC is obtained based on the virtual resistance determined without affecting or changing the DC bus voltage, the operating battery cluster can be charged/discharged according to the allocated charge/discharge power without affecting or changing the DC bus voltage during the charging/discharging of the operating battery cluster.
In some embodiments, if the target charge/discharge current exceeds the charge/discharge current limit of the DC/DC, the actual charge/discharge current of the DC/DC is adjusted to the charge/discharge current limit. That is, if the target charge/discharge current exceeds the control range of the droop control for the actual charge/discharge current, the actual charge/discharge current of the DC/DC is adjusted to the charge/discharge current limit. The charging/discharging current limit is one of the parameters of the DC/DC, and different DC/DC may have different charging/discharging current limits, and in this embodiment, the charging/discharging current limit may be directly obtained according to the parameter information of the DC/DC.
Based on the methods described in the above steps S1031 to S1033, the droop control method may be adopted to conveniently and reliably control the DC/DC to charge/discharge the running battery cluster.
3. Step S104 will be described.
In some embodiments of the above step S104, the first battery cluster requiring power replenishment and the second battery cluster not requiring power replenishment may be determined through the following steps S1041 to S1044 shown in fig. 5.
Step S1041, obtaining an equalization target value according to the average value of the charge states SOC of all the battery clusters in the battery stack. Specifically, the average value may be taken as the equalization target value.
Step S1042 is to determine whether the state of charge SOC of the battery cluster is less than the equalization target value.
The equalization target value may represent the average energy of the entire stack, and if the state of charge SOC of the battery cluster is smaller than the equalization target value, it indicates that the remaining energy of the battery cluster is smaller than the average energy, and the battery cluster needs to be charged, so the process goes to step S1043 to determine that the battery cluster is the first battery cluster. If the state of charge SOC of the battery cluster is greater than or equal to the equalization target value, it indicates that the remaining energy of the battery cluster is greater than or equal to the average energy, and the battery cluster does not need to be charged, so the step S1044 is performed to determine that the battery cluster is the second battery cluster.
In step S1043, the battery cluster is a first battery cluster requiring power replenishment.
In step S1044, the battery cluster is a second battery cluster that does not need to be charged.
Based on the methods described in the above steps S1041 to S1044, the average value of the states of charge SOC of all the battery clusters in the stack may be used to quickly and accurately determine the first battery cluster requiring power replenishment and the second battery cluster not requiring power replenishment.
4. Step S105 will be described.
In some embodiments of step S105 described above, the energy storage subsystem includes a power conversion system PCS, a first DC side of the DC/DC is connected to a DC bus of the power conversion system PCS, and a second DC side of the DC/DC is connected to the battery cluster. In the present embodiment, the first battery cluster and the second battery cluster can be controlled to be charged and discharged to each other by the following steps S1051 to S1052 shown in fig. 6.
Step S1051, the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster is controlled to operate in a discharging mode so as to control the second battery cluster to discharge through the DC bus of the power conversion system PCS.
Step S1052, controlling the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster to operate in a charging mode so as to control the first battery cluster to charge via the DC bus of the power conversion system PCS.
Based on the methods described in the above steps S1051 to S1052, the dc bus of the power conversion system PCS may be used as an energy conversion channel between the first and second battery clusters, so that the first and second battery clusters are charged and discharged mutually.
In some embodiments, the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster may be controlled to operate in a constant voltage charging mode, and the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster may be controlled to operate in a constant current discharging mode.
In some embodiments, the DC/DC corresponding to the first battery cluster may be controlled to operate in a constant current charging mode, and the DC/DC corresponding to the second battery cluster may be controlled to operate in a constant voltage discharging mode.
The constant voltage charging mode, the constant current charging mode, the constant voltage discharging mode and the constant current discharging mode are all conventional charging/discharging modes in the technical field of batteries, and the working principles of the modes are not repeated in the embodiment.
It should be noted that, although the foregoing embodiments describe the steps in a specific order, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in order to achieve the effects of the present application, the steps are not necessarily performed in such an order, and may be performed simultaneously (in parallel) or in other orders, and those solutions after these adjustments belong to equivalent solutions to those described in the present application, and therefore will also fall within the scope of the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present application may implement all or part of the above-described methods according to the above-described embodiments, or may be implemented by means of a computer program for instructing relevant hardware, where the computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the computer program may implement the steps of the above-described embodiments of the method when executed by a processor. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code which may be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form etc. The computer readable storage medium may include any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory, a random access memory, an electrical carrier wave signal, a telecommunication signal, a software distribution medium, etc.
Another aspect of the application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
In an embodiment of a computer readable storage medium according to the present application, the computer readable storage medium may be configured to store a program for performing the energy management method of the energy storage system of the above-described method embodiment, which program may be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the energy management method of the energy storage system described above. For convenience of explanation, only those portions of the embodiments of the present application that are relevant to the embodiments of the present application are shown, and specific technical details are not disclosed, please refer to the method portions of the embodiments of the present application. The computer readable storage medium may be a storage device including various electronic devices, and optionally, the computer readable storage medium in the embodiments of the present application is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
The application further provides electronic equipment.
In an embodiment of an electronic device according to the application, the electronic device may comprise at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that when executed by the at least one processor implements the method of any of the embodiments described above. Referring to fig. 7, memory 11 and processor 12 are illustratively shown in fig. 7 as being communicatively coupled via a bus.
In another aspect, the application also provides an energy storage system.
In one embodiment of an energy storage system according to the present application, the energy storage system includes an energy management system EMS and an energy storage subsystem. The energy management system EMS is configured to execute the energy management method of the energy storage system according to the foregoing method embodiment.
The energy storage subsystem comprises a battery management system BMS, a battery stack and a plurality of DC/DC, wherein the battery stack comprises a plurality of battery clusters, the battery management system BMS comprises a plurality of battery management units BCU, the plurality of battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters, and the plurality of DC/DC are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery clusters.
In some embodiments, the battery management system BMS further includes one main battery management unit BAU (Battery Array Unit) and a plurality of battery harvesting equalization units BMU (Battery Management Unit), and the battery cluster may include a plurality of battery packs. The battery collecting and balancing units BMU are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs in the battery stack. The battery acquisition balancing unit BMU, the battery management unit BCU and the main battery management unit BAU form a three-level management framework. The main battery management unit BAU is used for managing the battery stack, the battery management unit BCU is used for managing the battery cluster, and the battery acquisition balancing unit BMU is used for managing the battery pack.
The energy storage system provided by the prior art and the present application is described in comparison with fig. 8 and 9.
Referring first to fig. 8, fig. 8 illustrates the main structure of an energy storage system of the prior art. As shown in fig. 8, the energy storage system includes an energy management system EMS and an energy storage subsystem including a battery stack, a power conversion system PCS, a battery management system BMS, a temperature and humidity sensor, a fire-fighting flammable controller, an air conditioner, etc. The battery management system BMS includes one master battery management unit BAU, 8 slave battery management units BCU, 152 battery harvesting equalization units BMU. The stack includes 8 cell clusters, each of which includes 19 cell stacks, i.e., the stack has 152 cell stacks in total. The 8 slave battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the 8 battery clusters, and the 152 battery acquisition and equalization units BMU are in one-to-one correspondence with the 152 battery packs. In addition, the battery management system BMS further includes a high voltage line control unit, an energy storage tank pre-charge (parallel) line, a high voltage detection unit, a thermal management unit, a current detection unit, an emergency stop system, a battery monitoring system, and the like (not shown in fig. 8). The battery management system BMS is used for detecting the voltage and the temperature of single batteries in the battery cluster and the total current of the single batteries, calculating the SOC of the battery cluster, storing relevant battery cluster manufacturing information, version information and necessary operation history data, and each unit of the battery management system BMS is communicated in real time through the CAN bus, each level transmits the battery running state and alarm information of the battery cluster to the upper level management system, and each level receives operation instructions issued by the upper level management system in real time. The battery management system BMS can automatically perform high-voltage and thermal management, and overall the automatic balancing function of the battery stack.
The battery management system BMS further comprises 8 high-voltage control boxes and the like, the 8 high-voltage control boxes are in one-to-one correspondence with the 8 battery clusters, the high-voltage control boxes comprise circuit breakers, fuses and the like, and the high-voltage control boxes are used for carrying out energy conversion and storage on the battery clusters. However, the high-voltage control box has the defects of poor safety and low efficiency and can reduce the storage efficiency of the whole energy storage system when working. Meanwhile, the energy storage system can only supplement electricity to the battery clusters in a manual electricity supplementing mode, so that energy among the battery clusters is balanced.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 illustrates the main structure of an energy storage subsystem according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 9, the energy storage subsystem includes a power conversion system PCS, a main battery management unit BAU, two battery management units BCU (i.e., bcu_1-2 and bcu_3-4 shown in fig. 9), 8 battery harvesting equalization units BMU, two DC/DC, and a battery stack. The stack comprises two battery clusters, each comprising 4 battery packs, i.e. the stack has a total of 8 battery packs. The two battery management units BCU are in one-to-one correspondence with the two battery clusters, the two DC/DCs are also in one-to-one correspondence with the two DC/DCs, and the 8 battery acquisition equalization units BMU are in one-to-one correspondence with the 8 battery packs. The energy management system EMS, the power conversion system PCS, the main battery management unit BAU and the DC/DC are respectively connected with the switch through network cables. The DC/DC is also connected to the power conversion system PCS by a direct current power line. The main battery management unit BAU, the battery management unit BCU and the battery acquisition balancing unit BMU are sequentially connected through the CAN bus. The energy management system EMS may execute the energy management method described in the foregoing method embodiment.
Based on the above structure, when the energy storage subsystem is operated (the power conversion system PCS is not powered off), the DC/DC can be utilized to control the charge and discharge of the operating battery cluster, and compared with a high-voltage control box, the safety and efficiency of the charge and discharge control can be ensured, and the storage efficiency of the energy storage subsystem is improved. When the energy storage subsystem is not running (power conversion system PCS is off), the battery clusters can be automatically charged with DC/DC so that the energy between the battery clusters is balanced.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present application has been described in connection with one embodiment shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present application.
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