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CN119140755B - Cold heading forming process and cold heading device for positioning adjusting nut - Google Patents

Cold heading forming process and cold heading device for positioning adjusting nut Download PDF

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Publication number
CN119140755B
CN119140755B CN202411607105.3A CN202411607105A CN119140755B CN 119140755 B CN119140755 B CN 119140755B CN 202411607105 A CN202411607105 A CN 202411607105A CN 119140755 B CN119140755 B CN 119140755B
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China
Prior art keywords
blank
die
cavity
positioning
heading
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CN119140755A (en
Inventor
杜狗军
郝剑
钱铭
金建
谷轮轮
陈栋华
张黎明
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Zhejiang Mingtai Holding Development Co ltd
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Zhejiang Mingtai Holding Development Co ltd
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Priority to CN202411607105.3A priority Critical patent/CN119140755B/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/64Making machine elements nuts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02Dies or mountings therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00Forging presses
    • B21J9/02Special design or construction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cold heading forming process and a cold heading device for positioning an adjusting nut, wherein the cold heading device comprises a blanking mechanism, an ejection mechanism, a conveying mechanism and six dies, wherein the blanking mechanism cuts a blank, the ejection mechanism ejects the blank, the conveying mechanism moves and feeds materials between the ejection mechanism and the six dies, the six dies comprise a heading die for forming square convex parts on the side edge of an initial blank and forming round tables on the bottom, a two-heading die for forming positioning holes on the upper end of a turned first blank, a three-heading die for extruding a second blank and enabling the inclination angle of the round table part of the second blank to be reduced and enabling the positioning holes in the center of the upper end of the second blank to be further deepened, a four-heading die for enabling the square convex parts of the third blank to be protruded out of a plane to form side edge bosses and enabling the inclination angle of the round table part to be further reduced and rounded, a final-heading die for processing a turned fourth blank to form a finished flange plate and forming holes on the two ends of the flange plate, and a through hole die for forming through holes.

Description

Cold heading forming process and cold heading device for positioning adjusting nut
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, and particularly relates to a cold heading forming process and a cold heading device for a positioning adjusting nut.
Background
The automobile chassis adjusting nut is mainly used for adjusting an automobile axle, is matched with the thrust washer to adjust tightness of the bearing or the bearing unit, and limits axial movement and rotation of the bearing or the bearing unit to realize locking.
The traditional production process mostly uses cold heading blanks and machining, the size and shape of finished products are basically guaranteed by machining, the waste of raw materials is serious, streamline tissues of metal are cut off, the strength of an adjusting nut is weakened, the cost is high, the efficiency is low, the productivity is low, and the production period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a novel cold heading forming device for welding a hexagonal flange face nut, which is capable of saving cost and improving quality.
The cold heading forming process of the positioning adjusting nut comprises the following steps of firstly cutting wires through scissors to obtain blanks with required sizes; secondly, upsetting, namely forming square convex parts on the side edges of the initial blank obtained in the first step, and forming round table parts with large upper parts and small lower parts at the bottom of the blank at the same time, so as to obtain a first blank; thirdly, upsetting, namely turning the first blank obtained in the second step by a clamp for 180 degrees, then feeding the first blank into a cavity of a main die core of the second upsetting for pre-extrusion, and forming a positioning hole in the center of the upper end of the first blank by a punching rod of the second upsetting to form a second blank; the third blank obtained in the step four is transferred to the cavity of the main die core of the fourth upsetting by a clamp for further extrusion, the upper end of the third blank is lower than the upper end of the square convex part, the lower end of the square convex part is higher than the upper end of the round platform part, the round platform part is extruded and deformed into a cylindrical part with a round angle at the lower end, a flange plate is prepared for the subsequent cold upsetting, the fourth blank obtained in the step five is fed into the cavity of the main die core of the final upsetting after being turned by 180 degrees, the cylindrical part of the fourth blank is formed into the flange plate, the main die rod is further deepened into the positioning hole, the upper die rod is positioned in the blind hole by positioning the flange plate, and seventhly, punching, namely conveying the fifth blank into a punching die cavity through a clamp platform, and enabling the positioning blind holes to be communicated with the positioning holes through punching rods to form the forming of the through holes conforming to the regulations, wherein the rest parts of the process do not participate in deformation, and thus the cold heading forming of the positioning adjusting nut is completed.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art that the side bosses of the positioning adjusting nut are machined one by machining, the technical scheme of the invention simplifies the machining process, saves labor and material cost, greatly improves the production efficiency, is suitable for batch production, does not damage metal streamline by cold heading, and greatly improves the mechanical property of the positioning adjusting nut.
A cold heading device for positioning an adjusting nut comprises a blanking mechanism, an ejection mechanism, a conveying mechanism and six dies, wherein the blanking mechanism cuts a blank, the ejection mechanism ejects the blank, the conveying mechanism moves and feeds materials between the ejection mechanism and the six dies, and the six dies comprise a heading die for enabling the side edge of an initial blank to form a square convex part and the bottom to form a round table, a two-heading die for enabling the upper end of a turned first blank to form a positioning hole, a three-heading die for extruding a second blank and enabling the inclined angle of the round table part of the second blank to be reduced and enabling the positioning hole in the center of the upper end of the second blank to be further deepened, a four-heading die for enabling the square convex part of a third blank to protrude out of a plane to form a side boss and the inclined angle of the round table part to be further reduced and rounded, a final-heading die for processing a turned fourth blank to form a finished body flange and two ends to form a through hole, and a through hole die for enabling a fifth blank to form a through hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can realize the integrated into one piece of nut and boss, compare in machine tooling shaping, the side boss that plastic deformation formed has save material, and the metal streamline is complete, increases advantages such as part intensity, has simplified processing technology simultaneously, is applicable to advantages such as batch production.
The six dies further comprise a main die and a stamping die, wherein the main die comprises a main die shell, a main die core, a main die cushion block and a main die stamping rod, the main die core is arranged in the main die shell, a main die cavity is arranged in the main die core, the main die cushion block is arranged below the main die core, one end of the main die stamping rod is fixed on the main die cushion block, the other end of the main die stamping rod penetrates through the main die core and stretches into the main die cavity, the stamping die comprises a stamping die shell, a stamping die cushion block and a stamping die stamping rod, the stamping die cushion block is arranged in the stamping die shell, one end of the stamping die stamping rod is fixed on the stamping die cushion block, and the other end of the stamping die stamping rod penetrates out of the stamping die shell to correspond to the main die cavity.
By adopting the technical scheme, the metal volume is subjected to plastic deformation on the premise of not damaging the metal property, so that a machining mode with less cutting or no cutting of required parts is obtained, mechanical and automatic production is easy to realize, deformation resistance and mold bearing capacity generated in the deformation process of a product are shared by six dies and six punches, a blank can be continuously molded and uninterrupted by utilizing the mechanical clamp, an adjusting nut blank is directly molded by six dies and six punches, and a die cushion block can prevent a die punch from being lifted too high and also play a role in buffering and protecting the die punch.
The invention further provides that a punch rod sleeve is arranged between the punch die shell and the punch rod of the punch die.
By adopting the technical scheme, the punch rod sleeve wraps the punch rod, so that the contact between the punch rod and the die shell is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.
The die is further provided with a main die cavity of a first upsetting die, the main die cavity of the first upsetting die comprises a first upper forming cavity for forming a square convex part and a first lower forming cavity for forming a reverse truncated cone, the lower end of a die stamping rod of the second upsetting die is provided with a conical chamfer for enabling the upper end of a first blank to form a positioning hole, the main die cavity of the third upsetting die comprises a third upper forming cavity for enabling the square convex part to be more full and a third lower forming cavity for enabling the reverse truncated cone to be further compressed, the lower end of the die stamping rod of the third upsetting die is provided with a conical convex part for enabling the upper end of a second blank to form a positioning hole to be further deepened, the main die cavity of the fourth upsetting die comprises a fourth lower forming cavity for enabling the round platform part of the third blank to be further reduced in inclination angle and the reverse truncated cone, one side of the die stamping rod of the fourth upsetting die is provided with a forming concave part for enabling the side boss of the third blank to be formed, the main die cavity of the third upsetting die comprises a fifth upper forming cavity for enabling the fourth blank to be more full and a fifth forming cavity for enabling the reverse truncated cone to be further compressed, the lower end of the die stamping rod is provided with a fifth forming cavity for enabling the fourth upsetting die cavity to be provided with a fourth upper forming cavity for enabling the positioning hole to be used for forming a fourth blank to be further deepened, the fourth forming cavity is provided with a fourth forming concave hole, the fourth forming cavity is used for forming a positioning hole, the positioning hole is used for forming a positioning hole, and a positioning hole is used for forming a.
By adopting the technical scheme, the conical chamfer can be pre-extruded to form a shallow hole for preparing for subsequent punching, so that the boss of the part is formed more fully, the lower end of the stamping rod of the four-upsetting die is provided with a forming concave part, the flattened surface is basically flush, the stamping rod of the stamping die can be pressed downwards to form the side boss at one point, the fifth upper cavity of the final upsetting die is used for forming the flange plate, compared with the prior flange plate which is formed in a lower model cavity basically, the technical scheme is easier to bear force, reduces the forming resistance, and the hollow channel and the discharge channel are used for discharging waste generated by punching.
The invention further provides that the oblique side of the first lower molding cavity has an inclination angle of 8-12 degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme, good bags and force are provided, so that the positioning of the bags is more stable.
The invention further provides that the surface of the stamping rod is provided with a titanizing layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the second blank is further rolled and spread by the three upsetting, so that the thickness of the second blank is reduced, the inclination angle of the round platform part of the second blank is reduced, the locating hole in the center of the upper end of the second blank is further deepened to form a third blank, and the titanium plating layer is arranged on the surface of the stamping rod of the three upsetting die to improve the hardness of the stamping rod and the bearing capacity of the die, so that the plasticity capacity of the three upsetting die is improved.
The invention further provides that the inner diameter of the fifth upper cavity is larger than or equal to the maximum distance between the center shaft of the fifth lower molding cavity and the side wall of the fifth lower molding cavity.
By adopting the technical scheme, the blank is naturally shaped by the upward impulsion outside the die through the plasticity of the metal, so that the utilization rate of the material is increased, the surface quality of the part is improved, and the strength and the tissue performance of the part are improved.
The invention further provides that the main die cushion block of the final upsetting die is provided with an exhaust hole.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air flow in the die is conveniently discharged, and the influence on part forming is avoided.
The invention further provides that the conveying mechanism comprises a clamp, and square grooves matched with the square convex parts are formed in two sides of the clamp.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the common clamp, the clamp specially relates to the corresponding square groove and is used for being matched with the boss of the part, so that the positioning function before the part and the die in the production process is realized.
Examples description of the invention specific embodiments of the invention are described.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold heading forming process according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cold header device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 2;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion C of fig. 2;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion D of fig. 2;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the portion E of fig. 2;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the portion F of fig. 2;
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a clamp at various stations in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: a header die, 11, a main die of a header die, 111, a main die shell of a header die, 112, a main die insert of a header die, 113, a main die pad of a header die, 114, a main die insert of a header die, 115, a main die cavity of a header die, 1151, a first upper molding cavity, 1152, a first lower molding cavity, 12, a die of a header die, 121, a die shell of a header die, 122, a die pad of a header die, 123, a die insert of a header die, 124, a die sleeve, 2, a second header die, 21, a die insert of a second header die, 211, a tapered chamfer, 3, a third header die, 31, a main die cavity of a third header die, 311, a third upper molding cavity, 312, a third lower molding cavity, 32, 321, a tapered boss, 4, a four header die, 41, a main die cavity of a four header die, 411, fourth lower forming cavity, 42, four heading die punch, 421, forming recess, 5, final heading die, 51, final heading die main die cavity, 511, fifth upper cavity, 512, fifth lower forming cavity, 513, final heading die punch, 5131, first punch boss, 514, sleeve, 52, final heading die main die punch, 521, second punch boss, 53, final heading die main die pad, 531, vent, 6, through hole, 61, through hole die shell, 62, die pad, 621, discharge channel, 63, through hole die punch, 631, hollow channel, 64, through hole die main die punch, 7, blank, 71, square boss, 72, round table, 73, locating hole, 74, side boss, 75, locating blind hole, 76, flange, 77, through hole, 8, clamp, 81, square groove.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the cold heading forming process of the positioning adjusting nut disclosed in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps of firstly cutting wires by scissors to obtain a blank 7 with a required size; secondly, upsetting, namely forming square convex parts 71 on the side edges of the initial blank 7 obtained in the first step, and forming round table 72 parts with large upper parts and small lower parts at the bottom of the blank 7 at the same time, so as to obtain a first blank 7; thirdly, upsetting, namely turning the first blank 7 obtained in the second step by a clamp 8180 degrees, then feeding the turned first blank 7 into a cavity of a main die core of the second upsetting for pre-extrusion, and forming a positioning hole 73 in the center of the upper end of the first blank 7 by a punching rod of the second upsetting to form a second blank 7; fourthly, three upsetting, namely translating the second blank 7 obtained in the third step to a cavity of a main die core of the four upsetting by a clamp 8, further calendaring and spreading to reduce the thickness of the second blank 7, simultaneously reducing the inclination angle of the round table 72 of the second blank 7, simultaneously deepening a locating hole 73 in the center of the upper end of the second blank 7 to form the third blank 7, fifthly, four upsetting, namely, translating the third blank 7 obtained in the fourth step to the cavity of the main die core of the four upsetting by the clamp 8, further extruding to enable the upper end of the third blank 7 to be lower than the upper end of the square convex part 71, simultaneously enabling the lower end of the square convex part 71 to be higher than the upper end of the round table 72, extruding and deforming the round table 72 into a cylindrical part with a round corner at the lower end to prepare for subsequent cold upsetting to obtain a fourth blank 7, sixthly, finally, namely, conveying the fourth blank 7 obtained in the fifth step to the cavity of the main die core of the final blank after being turned by the clamp 8180 degrees, molding the cylindrical part of the fourth blank 7 into the cylindrical part 76, and further deepening the locating hole 73, and seventhly, punching, namely conveying the fifth blank 7 into a punching die cavity through a clamp 8, wherein the punching rod enables the positioning blind hole 75 to be communicated with the positioning hole 73 to form a through hole 77 which meets the regulation, and the rest parts of the process do not participate in deformation, so that cold heading forming of the positioning adjusting nut is completed.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the cold heading device for positioning an adjusting nut disclosed in this embodiment includes a blanking mechanism, an ejection mechanism, a conveying mechanism and six dies, wherein the blanking mechanism cuts off a blank 7, the ejection mechanism ejects the blank 7, the conveying mechanism moves and feeds between the ejection mechanism and the six dies, the six dies include a heading die 1 for forming a square boss 71 on a side edge of an initial blank 7 and forming a round table 72 on a bottom, a two heading die 2 for forming a positioning hole 73 on an upper end of a turned first blank 7, a three heading die 3 for extruding the second blank 7 and reducing an inclination angle of the round table 72 of the second blank 7 while further deepening the positioning hole 73 in the center of the upper end of the second blank 7, a four heading die 4 for projecting the square boss 71 of the third blank 7 on a plane to form a side boss 74 and reducing an inclination angle of the round table 72, a finish die 5 for forming a finished flange 76 of the turned fourth blank 7 and forming holes on both ends, and a through hole 6 for forming the fifth blank 7.
The embodiment further provides that the six dies comprise a main die and a stamping die, the main die comprises a main die shell, a main die core, a main die cushion block and a main die stamping rod, the main die core is arranged in the main die shell, a main die cavity is arranged in the main die core, the main die cushion block is arranged below the main die core, one end of the main die stamping rod is fixed on the main die cushion block, the other end of the main die stamping rod penetrates through the main die core and stretches into the main die cavity, the stamping die comprises a stamping die shell, a stamping die cushion block 62 and a stamping die stamping rod, the stamping die cushion block 62 is arranged in the stamping die shell, one end of the stamping die stamping rod is fixed on the stamping die cushion block 62, and the other end of the stamping die rod penetrates out of the stamping die shell and corresponds to the main die cavity.
The present embodiment further provides that a punch sleeve 124 is disposed between the die shell and the die punch.
The present embodiment further provides that the main mold cavity 115 of the heading mold 1 includes a first upper molding cavity 1151 for molding the square protrusion 71 and a first lower molding cavity 1152 for molding the inverted circular truncated cone 72; the lower end of the stamping rod 21 of the double-upsetting die 2 is provided with a conical chamfer 211 for forming a positioning hole 73 at the upper end of the first blank 7; the main mold cavity 31 of the three-heading mold 3 comprises a third upper molding cavity 311 for enabling the square convex part 71 to be full and a third lower molding cavity 312 for enabling the inverted circular table 72 to be compressed further, and the lower end of the punching rod 32 of the three-heading mold 3 is provided with a conical convex part 321 for enabling the positioning hole 73 generated at the upper end of the second blank 7 to be further deepened; the main mold cavity 41 of the four-upsetting mold 4 comprises a fourth lower molding cavity 411 which enables the inclination angle of the round platform 72 part of the third blank 7 to be further reduced and rounded, one side of the lower end of the die punch 42 of the four-upsetting mold 4 corresponding to the square convex part 71 is provided with a molding concave part 421 for molding the side convex part 74 of the third blank 7, the main mold cavity 51 of the final upsetting mold 5 comprises a fifth upper mold cavity 511 for enabling the fourth blank 7 to generate a flange 76 and a fifth lower molding cavity 512 for keeping the side convex part 74 at the lower end of the fourth blank 7, the lower end of the die punch 513 of the final upsetting mold 5 is provided with a first punching convex part 5131 for deepening a positioning hole at the upper end of the fourth blank, a sleeve 514 is arranged between the die punch 513 of the final upsetting mold 5 and the punch sleeve 124, the upper end of the main die punch 52 of the final upsetting mold 5 is provided with a second punching convex part 521 for enabling the lower end of the fourth blank 7 to generate a positioning blind hole 75, the shells 61 and the cushion block 62 of the through-hole mold 6 are provided with a discharging die waste material channel for discharging the die material, the die punch 63 of the through-hole die 6 is provided with a hollow channel 631 adapted to the main die punch 64 of the through-hole die 6.
The present embodiment further provides that the oblique side of the first lower molding cavity 1152 is inclined at an angle of 8-12.
The present embodiment further provides that the surface of the punch 32 is provided with a titanizing layer.
The present embodiment further provides that the inner diameter of the fifth upper cavity 511 is greater than or equal to the maximum distance between the central axis of the fifth lower cavity 512 and the side wall thereof.
The embodiment is further provided that the main die cushion block 53 of the final heading die 5 is provided with an exhaust hole 531.
The embodiment further provides that the conveying mechanism comprises a clamp 8, and square grooves 81 matched with the square convex parts 71 are formed in two sides of the clamp 8.
The above-mentioned "between" does not merely refer to the orientation and position, but also includes the meaning of the interaction between different parts, and the above-mentioned "upper end", "middle end" and "lower end" are also merely relative positions, so that the description is not intended to exclude the possibility of using other terms.
Although used more herein: a upsetting die 1, a main die 11 of upsetting die, a main die cavity 111 of upsetting die, a main die core 112 of upsetting die, a main die cushion block 113 of upsetting die, a main die punch 114 of upsetting die, a main die cavity 115 of upsetting die, a first upper molding cavity 1151, a first lower molding cavity 1152, a die 12 of upsetting die, a die shell 121 of upsetting die, a die cushion block 122 of upsetting die, a die punch 123 of upsetting die, a punch sleeve 124, two upsetting dies 2, a die punch 21 of two upsetting dies 2, a conical chamfer 211, three upsetting dies 3, a main die cavity 31 of three upsetting dies 3, a third upper molding cavity 311, a third lower molding cavity 312, a die punch 32 of three upsetting dies 3, a conical boss 321, the terms of the four-heading die 4, the main die cavity 41 of the four-heading die 4, the fourth lower molding cavity 411, the die punch 42 of the four-heading die 4, the molding recess 421, the final-heading die 5, the main die cavity 51 of the final-heading die, the fifth upper cavity 511, the fifth lower molding cavity 512, the main die punch 52 of the final-heading die, the second punching protrusion 521, the main die pad 53 of the final-heading die, the exhaust hole 531, the through-hole die 6, the die shell 61 of the through-hole 77 die, the die pad 62, the discharge passage 621, the die punch 63 of the through-hole 77 die, the hollow passage 631, the blank 7, the square protrusion 71, the round table 72, the positioning hole 73, the side boss 74, the positioning blind hole 75, the through-hole 77, the clamp 8, the square groove 81, and the like are not excluded. These terms are only used to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the invention and should be construed in a manner consistent with their spirit and scope.

Claims (10)

1.一种定位调节螺母的冷镦成型工艺,其特征在于:冷镦成型工艺具体按照以下步骤进行:一、剪料:将线材通过剪刀进行切割得到需要的尺寸的坯件;二、一镦:使步骤一得到的初始坯件的侧边形成方形凸部,同时在坯件的底部形成上大下小的圆台部,从而得到第一坯件;三、二镦:经步骤二得到的第一坯件被夹钳180度翻转后送入二镦的主模模仁的型腔进行预挤压,二镦的冲模冲棒使第一坯件的上端的中心形成定位孔,形成第二坯件;四、三镦:经步骤三得到的第二坯件被夹钳平移送至三镦的主模模仁的型腔,进行进一步压延和铺展,使第二坯件的厚度降低,同时使第二坯件的圆台部倾斜角度缩小,同时使第二坯件的上端的中心的定位孔进一步加深,形成第三坯件;五、四镦:经步骤四得到的第三坯件被夹钳平移送至四镦的主模模仁的型腔,进行进一步挤压,使第三坯件的上端高度低于方形凸部的上端,同时使方形凸部的下端高于圆台部的上端,且圆台部挤压变形为下端圆角设置的圆柱部,为后续冷镦出法兰盘做准备,得到第四坯件;六、终镦:步骤五得到的第四坯件被夹钳180度翻转后送入终镦的主模模仁的型腔,所述第四坯件的圆柱部成型为法兰盘,主模冲棒进一步加深定位孔,上模冲棒于法兰盘中心形成定位盲孔,形成第五坯件;七、冲孔:将第五坯件通过夹钳平移送至冲孔模型腔内,冲棒使定位盲孔与定位孔相连通,形成符合规定的通孔的成型,此过程其余部位不参与变形,即完成定位调节螺母的冷镦成型。1. A cold heading forming process for a positioning and adjusting nut, characterized in that: the cold heading forming process is specifically carried out in accordance with the following steps: 1. Shearing: cutting the wire with scissors to obtain a blank of the required size; 2. First upsetting: forming a square convex portion on the side of the initial blank obtained in step one, and forming a truncated cone portion with a larger upper portion and a smaller lower portion at the bottom of the blank, thereby obtaining a first blank; 3. Second upsetting: the first blank obtained in step two is flipped 180 degrees by a clamp and sent into the cavity of the main mold core of the second upsetting for pre-extrusion, and the punching die and punching rod of the second upsetting form a positioning hole in the center of the upper end of the first blank to form a second blank; 4. Third upsetting: the second blank obtained in step three is translated by a clamp and sent to the cavity of the main mold core of the third upsetting for further rolling and spreading, so that the thickness of the second blank is reduced, and the inclination angle of the truncated cone portion of the second blank is reduced, and the positioning hole in the center of the upper end of the second blank is further deepened to form the second blank. Three blanks; Five, four upsettings: the third blank obtained in step four is translated by the clamp to the cavity of the main mold core of the four upsettings for further extrusion, so that the upper end height of the third blank is lower than the upper end of the square convex portion, and the lower end of the square convex portion is higher than the upper end of the truncated cone portion, and the truncated cone portion is extruded and deformed into a cylindrical portion with a rounded corner at the lower end, in preparation for the subsequent cold upsetting of the flange, to obtain the fourth blank; Six, final upsetting: the fourth blank obtained in step five is flipped 180 degrees by the clamp and sent to the cavity of the main mold core of the final upsetting, the cylindrical portion of the fourth blank is formed into a flange, the main mold punch further deepens the positioning hole, and the upper mold punch forms a positioning blind hole in the center of the flange to form the fifth blank; Seven, punching: the fifth blank is translated by the clamp to the punching model cavity, and the punch connects the positioning blind hole with the positioning hole to form a through hole that meets the requirements. In this process, the remaining parts do not participate in the deformation, that is, the cold upsetting of the positioning adjustment nut is completed. 2.一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:包括切料机构、顶出机构、传送机构以及六个模具,其中,所述切料机构将坯件切断,所述顶出机构将坯件顶起;所述传送机构在所述顶出机构以及六个模具之间移动送料;所述六个模具包括:用于使初始坯件的侧边形成方形凸部且底部形成圆台的一镦模具、用于使翻转的第一坯件上端生成定位孔的二镦模具、用于挤压第二坯件并使第二坯件的圆台部倾斜角度缩小同时使第二坯件的上端的中心的定位孔进一步加深的三镦模具、用于使第三坯件的方形凸部凸出于平面形成侧边凸台且圆台部倾斜角度进一步缩小且倒圆的四镦模具、用于加工翻转的第四坯件的形成完成体法兰盘且两端成孔的终镦模具和用于使第五坯件形成通孔的通孔模具。2. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts, characterized in that it comprises a cutting mechanism, an ejection mechanism, a conveying mechanism and six dies, wherein the cutting mechanism cuts the blank, and the ejection mechanism lifts the blank; the conveying mechanism moves and feeds between the ejection mechanism and the six dies; the six dies comprise: a first heading die for forming a square convex portion on the side of the initial blank and a truncated cone on the bottom, a second heading die for generating a positioning hole at the upper end of the flipped first blank, a third heading die for extruding the second blank and reducing the inclination angle of the truncated cone of the second blank while further deepening the positioning hole at the center of the upper end of the second blank, a fourth heading die for making the square convex portion of the third blank protrude from the plane to form a side boss and further reducing the inclination angle of the truncated cone and rounding it, a final heading die for forming a completed flange and holes at both ends of the flipped fourth blank, and a through hole die for forming a through hole in the fifth blank. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述六个模具均包括主模和冲模,所述主模包括主模壳、主模仁、主模垫块以及主模冲棒,所述主模仁设于所述主模壳内,所述主模仁内设有主模型腔,所述主模垫块设于所述主模仁下方,所述主模冲棒的一端固定于所述主模垫块上,另一端穿过所述主模仁伸入所述主模型腔中;所述冲模包括冲模壳、冲模垫块以及冲模冲棒,所述冲模垫块设于所述冲模壳内,所述冲模冲棒的一端固定于所述冲模垫块上,另一端穿出所述冲模壳与所述主模型腔相对应。3. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 2, characterized in that: the six molds all include a main mold and a punch die, the main mold includes a main mold shell, a main mold core, a main mold pad and a main mold punch rod, the main mold core is arranged in the main mold shell, a main mold cavity is arranged in the main mold core, the main mold pad is arranged below the main mold core, one end of the main mold punch rod is fixed on the main mold pad, and the other end passes through the main mold core and extends into the main model cavity; the punch die includes a punch die shell, a punch pad and a punch rod, the punch pad is arranged in the die shell, one end of the punch rod is fixed on the punch pad, and the other end passes through the die shell and corresponds to the main model cavity. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述冲模壳与冲模冲棒之间设置有冲棒套。4. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 3, characterized in that a punch rod sleeve is provided between the die shell and the die punch rod. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述一镦模具的主模型腔包括成型方形凸部的第一上成型腔和成型倒圆台的第一下成型腔;所述二镦模具的冲模冲棒下端设置有使第一坯件上端生成定位孔的锥形倒角;所述三镦模具的主模型腔包括使方形凸部更加饱满的第三上成型腔和使倒圆台进一步压缩的第三下成型腔,所述三镦模具的冲模冲棒下端设置有使第二坯件上端生成定位孔进一步加深的锥形凸部;所述四镦模具的主模型腔包括使第三坯件的圆台部倾斜角度进一步缩小且倒圆的第四下成型腔,所述四镦模具的冲模冲棒下端对应方形凸部的一侧设置有用于使第三坯件的侧边凸台成型的成型凹部;所述终镦模具的主模型腔包括用于使第四坯件生成法兰盘的第五上型腔和用于保持第四坯件下端侧边凸台的第五下成型腔,所述终镦模具的冲模冲棒下端设置有第四坯件上端生成定位盲孔的第一冲孔凸部,所述终镦模具的冲模冲棒外套设有套管,所述终镦模具的主模冲棒上端设置有用于加深第四坯件下端定位孔的第二冲孔凸部;所述通孔模具的冲模壳、冲模垫块设置有用于排出废料的排料通道,所述通孔模具的冲模冲棒设置有与通孔模具的主模冲棒相适配的空心通道。5. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 3, characterized in that: the main model cavity of the first heading mold includes a first upper forming cavity for forming a square convex portion and a first lower forming cavity for forming a rounded table; the lower end of the punch rod of the second heading mold is provided with a conical chamfer for generating a positioning hole at the upper end of the first blank; the main model cavity of the third heading mold includes a third upper forming cavity for making the square convex portion fuller and a third lower forming cavity for further compressing the rounded table, and the lower end of the punch rod of the third heading mold is provided with a conical convex portion for further deepening the positioning hole generated at the upper end of the second blank; the main model cavity of the fourth heading mold includes a fourth lower forming cavity for further reducing the inclination angle of the rounded table portion of the third blank and rounding it, and the punch of the fourth heading mold A molding recess is provided on one side of the square convex portion corresponding to the lower end of the punch rod for molding the side boss of the third blank; the main mold cavity of the final forging mold includes a fifth upper mold cavity for generating a flange for the fourth blank and a fifth lower molding cavity for maintaining the side boss at the lower end of the fourth blank; the lower end of the punch rod of the final forging mold is provided with a first punching convex portion for generating a positioning blind hole at the upper end of the fourth blank; the outer sleeve of the punch rod of the final forging mold is provided with a sleeve; the upper end of the main mold punch rod of the final forging mold is provided with a second punching convex portion for deepening the positioning hole at the lower end of the fourth blank; the die shell and the die pad of the through hole mold are provided with a discharge channel for discharging waste, and the die punch rod of the through hole mold is provided with a hollow channel matched with the main mold punch rod of the through hole mold. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述第一下成型腔的斜边的倾斜角度为8°-12°。6. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 5, characterized in that the inclined angle of the bevel of the first lower forming cavity is 8°-12°. 7.根据权利要求5所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述冲模冲棒表面设置有镀钛层。7. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 5, characterized in that a titanium coating is provided on the surface of the punching die and punching rod. 8.根据权利要求5所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述第五上型腔的内径大于等于第五下成型腔中轴到其侧壁之间的最大距离。8. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner diameter of the fifth upper cavity is greater than or equal to the maximum distance between the central axis of the fifth lower cavity and its side wall. 9.根据权利要求3所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述终镦模具的主模垫块设置有排气孔。9. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 3, characterized in that: the main die pad of the final heading die is provided with an exhaust hole. 10.根据权利要求2所述的一种定位调节螺母的冷镦装置,其特征在于:所述传送机构包括夹钳,所述夹钳两侧设置有与方形凸部相适配的方槽。10. A cold heading device for positioning and adjusting nuts according to claim 2, characterized in that: the transmission mechanism comprises a clamp, and square grooves matching the square protrusions are arranged on both sides of the clamp.
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