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CN119116475A - 一种玄武岩防火防爆织物 - Google Patents

一种玄武岩防火防爆织物 Download PDF

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CN119116475A
CN119116475A CN202311859935.0A CN202311859935A CN119116475A CN 119116475 A CN119116475 A CN 119116475A CN 202311859935 A CN202311859935 A CN 202311859935A CN 119116475 A CN119116475 A CN 119116475A
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basalt
explosion
fireproof
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cloth
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杨海龄
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Zhongke Stone Fiber New Material Technology Kunshan Co ltd
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Zhongke Stone Fiber New Material Technology Kunshan Co ltd
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1808—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the laying up of the layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B32B5/073—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper characterised by the fibrous or filamentary layer being mechanically connected to another layer by sewing, stitching, hook-and-loop fastening or stitchbonding
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B32B5/262—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a woven fabric layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7244—Oxygen barrier

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玄武岩防火防爆织物，包括多层玄武岩纤维布，多层玄武岩纤维布包括上下两个表面层以及多个中间层；其中，上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布由经丝和纬丝相互交错编织而成，中间层的玄武岩纤维布均由单向纤维丝构成，不同中间层的单向纤维丝的角度不同。本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物，力学性能优异，能够承受火灾引起的爆燃冲击力，不仅可以用于防火灭火，也可以用于防爆设备和装置。

Description

一种玄武岩防火防爆织物
技术领域
本发明涉及玄武岩纤维应用领域，尤其涉及一种用于消防/电网等使用的玄武岩防火防爆织物。
背景技术
防火毯是一种用于将火灾消灭在初起阶段，也有利于紧急逃生的产品。在强电安装或者易燃易爆的使用环境中，除了防火意外，还有防爆需求，这就要求防火毯必须具备很强的力学性能和抗冲击性能。目前使用的防火毯，防火性能优异，但是防爆性能差，同时由于一些防火材料的特性，其在高温下会产生毒性，对人体造成损伤。
玄武岩纤维是由单一的玄武岩矿石高温熔化拉制而成，是天然的不燃材料，同时具有强度高、耐酸碱、高低温性能良好、无毒环保等特点，是用作防火阻燃材料的绝佳选择。玄武岩布在使用中具有不燃性、阻燃无烟、耐高温、无有毒气体排出、绝热性好、无熔融或滴落、强度高、无热收缩现象等优点。在1100℃的火焰作用下，不变形、不爆裂，永久耐火，防火等级达到《GB8624—2006建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》A1标准。除了阻燃不燃特性外，玄武岩纤维的力学性能也极其优异，和同等直径的碳纤维拉伸强度等力学性能不相上下。
目前市面上的玄武岩防火防爆产品较少，且产品的阻燃性能和力学性能也有待提高。因此，如何利用玄武岩的特殊性能，制备出性能更优异的产品成为急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种玄武岩防火防爆织物，其具有更优异的防火防爆性能。
为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种玄武岩防火防爆织物，包括多层玄武岩纤维布，多层玄武岩纤维布包括上下两个表面层以及多个中间层；其中，上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布由经丝和纬丝相互交错编织而成，中间层的玄武岩纤维布均由单向纤维丝构成，不同中间层的单向纤维丝的角度不同。
在其中一个实施例中，中间层的层数≥6。
在其中一个实施例中，上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，经纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，纬纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2；中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2。
在其中一个实施例中，上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝和纬丝的直径均为7-24微米；中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的直径为7-24微米。
在其中一个实施例中，相邻的两个所述中间层中，单向纤维丝的角度差异为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，单向纤维丝与其相邻的上下表面层的经丝的角度差异为45°。
在其中一个实施例中，所述上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布为斜纹编织布。
本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物，通过对纤维布层状结构以及编织参数的改进，用经纬布和单向布相结合的方式以及特殊的铺设方式，大大降低了产品的孔隙率，使得产品不透氧，提高了产品的刚度和韧性，能够承受火灾引起的爆燃冲击力，不仅可以用于防火灭火，也可以用于防爆设备和装置。
附图说明
图1为本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物一实施例的截面结构示意图。
图2为本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物表面层的一实施例的平面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明的本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种玄武岩防火防爆织物100，包括多层玄武岩纤维布，多层玄武岩纤维布包括上下两个表面层以及多个中间层。其中，上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布由经丝和纬丝相互交错编织而成，中间层的玄武岩纤维布均由单向纤维丝构成。
用于编织的玄武岩纤维丝按照纵向和横向分为经丝和纬丝，常用的编织方式有多种，作为优选，本发明中上下表面的玄武岩纤维布采用斜纹编织的方式，如图2所示，经丝和纬丝形成高密度交叉，结构牢固，受力分布均匀，能够有效将受到的冲击力沿四周扩散，进一步提升产品的抗冲击性能，提高防爆能力。
单向纤维丝是指在该纤维布中，纤维丝仅沿着一个方向排布。作为优选，在制作过程中，将玄武岩纤维丝在经线方向运行排布，进行单向编织，通过缝合或粘结剂粘合在一起，形成单向布。在进行叠加时，为了满足各个方向均匀受力的需求，不同中间层的单向纤维丝的角度要有差异。例如，当所有中间层均采用经线方向排布的单向布时，每层单向布在叠加时要与相邻的单向布保持一定的角度，以使各个方向的强度和韧性得到保障。
作为优选，相邻的两个中间层中，单向纤维丝的角度差异为45°，单向纤维丝与其相邻的上下表面层的经丝的角度差异为45°。该角度能够极大的提升产品的力学性能，强度和韧性都有了很大提高，进一步增强了防爆性能。作为一种可实施方式，中间层为6层，该方式能保证玄武岩纤维层每一层的角度差异均为45°。需要说明的是，当中间层层数超过6层时，相邻两层间仍可按照45°差异进行排布，按照叠层顺序循环铺设。
本发明通过用经纬布夹合多层单向布的方式，辅以特殊的铺设方式，即不同中间层角度差异铺设，使最终得到的玄武岩防火防爆织物100致密性高，力学性能优异，配合玄武岩纤维天然的防火阻燃特性，能够保证在火灾发生时将氧气隔断，不透烟，同时能够承受强大的冲击力。
作为优选，中间层的层数大于等于6层。既能保证一定的厚度，提高防火防爆性能，同时，中间层的角度能够更灵活的调配，有更多可能性的角度组合，从而进一步优化了材料的力学性能。
本发明的玄武岩防火防爆织物100，作为优选，其上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，经纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，纬纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2；中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2。在该工艺参数下，经丝和纬丝能够形成高密度交叉，单向纤维丝同样密集度较高，空隙较小，结构牢固，能够得到高密度的产品，从而大大增加产品的模量，提高阻燃性能。
作为一种可实施方式，上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝和纬丝的直径均为7-24微米；中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的直径为7-24微米。该工艺参数下可进一步提高纤维布的致密度，同时能够保持较高的平整度，从而保证了纤维布各个方向受力分布均匀，提高了产品质量。
此外，本发明还提供了一种上述的玄武岩防火防爆织物100的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
实施例一：
S1)：将玄武岩石料在1480℃熔融后，通过铂铑合金拉丝漏板高速拉制而成连续的直径为16μm的玄武岩纤维丝；
S2)：S1中得到的玄武岩纤维丝分为两部分，一部分沿经向和纬向进行斜纹编织，得到斜纹布；其中，经丝方向的密度为12根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为12根单丝/cm；经纱线密度为800tex，纬纱线密度为800tex，单位面积重量为320g/m2。
S3)：将S1得到的另一部分玄武岩纤维丝沿经向进行单向布编织，用尼龙线将其缝合在一起，得到单向布；其中，单向纤维丝的密度为12根单丝/cm；纱线密度为800tex，单位面积重量为230g/m2。
S4)：将S2和S3得到的斜纹布和单向布裁切为1.2米*1.2米的正方形，底层和顶层铺设斜纹布，中间层铺设14层单向布，以底层经向为准线，定义为0°，其上面一层单向布的经线与之差异45°，上层沿同一方向继续差异45°，依次类推，直至铺设完毕。
S5)：采用玄武岩纤维缝纫线，将S4中叠加好的纤维布进行缝合，得到所需的玄武岩防火防爆织物。
实施例二：
S1)：将玄武岩石料在1430℃熔融后，通过铂铑合金拉丝漏板高速拉制而成连续的直径为7μm的玄武岩纤维丝；
S2)：S1中得到的玄武岩纤维丝分为两部分，一部分沿经向和纬向进行斜纹编织，得到斜纹布；其中，经丝方向的密度为8根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为8根单丝/cm；经纱线密度为150tex，纬纱线密度为150tex，单位面积重量为200g/m2。
S3)：将S1得到的另一部分玄武岩纤维丝沿经向进行单向布编织，用尼龙线将其缝合在一起，得到单向布；其中，单向纤维丝的密度为8根单丝/cm；纱线密度为150tex，单位面积重量为150g/m2。
S4)：将S2和S3得到的斜纹布和单向布裁切为1.2米*1.2米的正方形，底层和顶层铺设斜纹布，中间层铺设8层单向布，以底层经向为准线，定义为0°，其上面一层单向布的经线与之差异36°，上层沿同一方向继续差异36°，依次类推，直至铺设完毕。
S5)：采用玄武岩纤维缝纫线，将S4中叠加好的纤维布进行缝合，得到所需的玄武岩防火防爆织物。
实施例三：
S1)：将玄武岩石料在1500℃熔融后，通过铂铑合金拉丝漏板高速拉制而成连续的直径为24μm的玄武岩纤维丝；
S2)：S1中得到的玄武岩纤维丝分为两部分，一部分沿经向和纬向进行斜纹编织，得到斜纹布；其中，经丝方向的密度为16根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为16根单丝/cm；经纱线密度为2200tex，纬纱线密度为2200tex，单位面积重量为600g/m2。
S3)：将S1得到的另一部分玄武岩纤维丝沿经向进行单向布编织，用尼龙线将其缝合在一起，得到单向布；其中，单向纤维丝的密度为16根单丝/cm；纱线密度为2200tex，单位面积重量为400g/m2。
S4)：将S2和S3得到的斜纹布和单向布裁切为1.2米*1.2米的正方形，底层和顶层铺设斜纹布，中间层铺设10层单向布，以底层经向为准线，定义为0°，其上面一层单向布的经线与之差异30°，上层沿同一方向继续差异30°，依次类推，直至铺设完毕。
S5)：采用玄武岩纤维缝纫线，将S4中叠加好的纤维布进行缝合，得到所需的玄武岩防火防爆织物。
以上实施例中的产品，经过测试，其各方面性能如下表所示：
表1实施例1-3的产品性能参数
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，包括多层玄武岩纤维布，所述多层玄武岩纤维布包括上下两个表面层以及多个中间层；其中，所述上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布由经丝和纬丝相互交错编织而成，所述中间层的玄武岩纤维布均由单向纤维丝构成，不同所述中间层的单向纤维丝的角度不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，所述中间层的层数≥6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，所述上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm,纬丝方向的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，经纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，纬纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2；所述中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的密度为8-16根单丝/cm，纱线密度为150tex-2200tex，单位面积重量为150-600g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，所述上下两个表面层的纤维布中，经丝和纬丝的直径均为7-24微米；所述中间层的纤维布中，单向纤维丝的直径为7-24微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述中间层中，单向纤维丝的角度差异为45°。
6.根据权利要求5所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，所述单向纤维丝与其相邻的上下表面层的经丝的角度差异为45°。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的玄武岩防火防爆织物，其特征在于，所述上下两个表面层的玄武岩纤维布为斜纹编织布。
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