Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the technology mainly solves the problems of low stability and bioavailability of taurine in the feed, and provides the feed preparation technology capable of remarkably improving the stability and bioavailability of taurine. The preparation process of the technology is suitable for producing various taurine-containing feeds, is particularly suitable for the fields of aquaculture, livestock and poultry cultivation and the like, and aims to improve the nutritional value of the feeds and promote the growth and development of animals and the immunity improvement.
The technical scheme mainly adopts the following technical means:
1. Firstly, selecting high-quality taurine raw material, and carrying out microencapsulation treatment by a specific process so as to improve the stability of the taurine raw material.
2. The microencapsulated taurine is mixed with other feed ingredients and extruded and granulated under specific temperature and humidity conditions to ensure uniform distribution and stable existence of the taurine in the feed.
3. Finally, the feed is dried and cooled to obtain a feed product containing stable taurine. Through the technical scheme, the stability and the bioavailability of taurine in the feed can be obviously improved, so that the overall nutritive value of the feed is improved.
The feed comprises, by weight, 90-100 parts of peanut meal, 40-50 parts of soybean meal, 30-40 parts of corn meal, 2-3 parts of fishbone meal, 1-2 parts of vegetable oil and 1-3 parts of taurine microcapsules.
Further, the preparation method of the taurine microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing oyster shell, oven drying, grinding, and sieving to obtain oyster shell powder;
(2) Dissolving taurine in water, then adding oyster shell powder prepared in the step (1), standing and adsorbing;
(3) And continuing to add maltodextrin for embedding, concentrating embedding liquid, and spray-drying to obtain the taurine microcapsule.
Further, the drying temperature in the step (1) is 80-100 ℃.
Further, the particle size of the oyster shell powder in the step (1) is 10-100 microns.
Further, in the step (2), the standing adsorption time is 3-12h.
Further, in the step (2), the feed liquid ratio of the oyster shell powder is 10g to 100mL, and the mass ratio of the taurine, the oyster shell powder and the maltodextrin is 1-10:100:15-25.
Further, the solid content of the embedding liquid after concentration in the step (3) is 65-70%.
Further, the preparation process of the feed containing taurine comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing peanut meal, soybean meal, corn flour, fishbone meal, vegetable oil and taurine microcapsule according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing;
2) The mixture obtained in the step 1) is subjected to extrusion granulation after tempering for 30-90s under the conditions of steam pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa, humidity of 12-16% and temperature of 85-95 ℃;
3) Finally, drying and cooling are carried out to obtain the feed product containing stable taurine.
Further, in step 3), the drying temperature is 65-70 ℃, and the mixture is cooled to room temperature.
The invention carries out microencapsulation treatment on taurine through a specific process so as to improve the stability and bioavailability of the taurine, thereby improving the overall nutritive value of the feed. Firstly, taurine is adsorbed by oyster shell powder in a standing way, the porous structure of the oyster shell powder and calcium carbonate in the porous structure are alkalescent, and the sulfonic acid group in the taurine is adsorbed, so that the taurine limiting region is adsorbed in the porous structure of the oyster shell powder, and the stability of the taurine is improved. And then further embedding by adopting maltodextrin, and wrapping a layer of malt paste seminal vesicle wall on the outer surface of the oyster shell powder, so that taurine is thoroughly isolated from microorganisms in the environment, and the stability and bioavailability of the taurine are further improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. improves the stability of taurine in feed and reduces the loss in the processing and storage processes.
2. The biological utilization rate of taurine in animal bodies is enhanced, so that the functions of promoting the growth and development of animals and enhancing immunity are more effectively exerted.
3. The whole nutritive value of the feed is improved, and higher economic benefit is brought to the animal breeding industry.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate the above features and advantages of the present invention. The method of the invention is a conventional method in the art unless specifically stated otherwise.
Example 1
The feed containing taurine comprises, by weight, 90 parts of peanut meal, 40 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of corn meal, 2 parts of fishbone meal, 1 part of vegetable oil and 1 part of taurine microcapsule.
Further, the preparation method of the taurine microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing oyster shell, oven drying at 80deg.C, grinding, and sieving to obtain oyster shell powder with particle diameter of 10 μm;
(2) Dissolving taurine in water, adding oyster shell powder prepared in the step (1) according to the ratio of 10g to 100mL, and standing for adsorption for 3h;
(3) And (5) continuing to add maltodextrin for embedding, concentrating embedding liquid until the solid content is 65%, and spray-drying to obtain the taurine microcapsule.
Further, the mass ratio of taurine, oyster shell powder and maltodextrin is 1:100:15.
Further, the preparation process of the feed containing taurine comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing peanut meal, soybean meal, corn flour, fishbone meal, vegetable oil and taurine microcapsule according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing;
2) Quenching and tempering the mixed material in the step 1) for 90 seconds under the steam pressure of 0.1MPa, the humidity of 12% and the temperature of 85 ℃, and then extruding and granulating;
3) Finally, drying and cooling are carried out to obtain the feed product containing stable taurine.
Further, the drying temperature in step 3) was 65 ℃, and cooled to room temperature.
Example 2
The feed containing taurine comprises, by weight, 95 parts of peanut meal, 45 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of corn meal, 2 parts of fishbone powder, 2 parts of vegetable oil and 2 parts of taurine microcapsules.
Further, the preparation method of the taurine microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing oyster shell, drying at 90 ℃, grinding and sieving to prepare oyster shell powder with the particle size of 50 microns;
(2) Dissolving taurine in water, adding oyster shell powder prepared in the step (1) according to the ratio of 10g to 100mL, and standing for adsorption for 8h;
(3) And (3) continuing to add maltodextrin for embedding, concentrating embedding liquid until the solid content is 68%, and spray-drying to obtain the taurine microcapsule.
Further, the mass ratio of taurine, oyster shell powder and maltodextrin is 5:100:20.
Further, the preparation process of the feed containing taurine comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing peanut meal, soybean meal, corn flour, fishbone meal, vegetable oil and taurine microcapsule according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing;
2) Quenching and tempering the mixed material in the step 1) for 60 seconds under the steam pressure of 0.1MPa, the humidity of 14% and the temperature of 90 ℃, and then extruding and granulating;
3) Finally, drying and cooling are carried out to obtain the feed product containing stable taurine.
Further, the drying temperature in step 3) was 68 ℃, and cooled to room temperature.
Example 3
The feed containing taurine comprises, by weight, 100 parts of peanut meal, 50 parts of soybean meal, 40 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of fishbone powder, 2 parts of vegetable oil and 3 parts of taurine microcapsules.
Further, the preparation method of the taurine microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing oyster shell, drying at 100deg.C, grinding, and sieving to obtain oyster shell powder with particle diameter of 100 μm;
(2) Dissolving taurine in water, adding oyster shell powder prepared in the step (1) according to the ratio of 10g to 100mL, and standing for 12h for adsorption;
(3) And (5) continuing to add maltodextrin for embedding, concentrating embedding liquid until the solid content is 70%, and spray-drying to obtain the taurine microcapsule.
Further, the mass ratio of taurine, oyster shell powder and maltodextrin is 10:100:25.
Further, the preparation process of the feed containing taurine comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing peanut meal, soybean meal, corn flour, fishbone meal, vegetable oil and taurine microcapsule according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing;
2) Quenching and tempering the mixed material in the step 1) for 30s under the steam pressure of 0.2MPa, the humidity of 16% and the temperature of 95 ℃, and then extruding and granulating;
3) Finally, drying and cooling are carried out to obtain the feed product containing stable taurine.
Further, the drying temperature in step 3) was 70 ℃, and cooled to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
The taurine microcapsule in the feed raw material of example 1 is directly replaced by taurine powder, the dosage is 1/116=0.86% of the weight of the taurine microcapsule, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The taurine microcapsules in the feed material of example 2 were directly replaced with taurine powder in an amount of 5/125=4% of the mass of the taurine microcapsules, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
The taurine microcapsule in the feed raw material of example 3 is directly replaced by taurine powder, the dosage is 10/135=7.41% of the weight of the taurine microcapsule, and the rest of the operations are the same as those of example 3.
Application of the catfish feed for raising juvenile catfish in yellow river
The experimental method comprises selecting juvenile catfish of yellow river with average weight of about 10g, randomly dividing into 6 groups, arranging 3 repeats for each group, quantitatively feeding 3 times per day, wherein daily feeding amount is 2.5% of body mass, and feeding for 10 weeks. The feeding results are shown in the following table.
As shown in the table above, compared with the method of directly adding taurine powder into feed, the method of the invention carries out microencapsulation treatment on taurine through a specific process, thereby improving the stability and bioavailability of taurine, and further effectively playing the functions of promoting animal growth and development and enhancing immunity.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.