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CN1190546C - Method for preparing nano particle modified chemical fibre - Google Patents

Method for preparing nano particle modified chemical fibre Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1190546C
CN1190546C CNB031418236A CN03141823A CN1190546C CN 1190546 C CN1190546 C CN 1190546C CN B031418236 A CNB031418236 A CN B031418236A CN 03141823 A CN03141823 A CN 03141823A CN 1190546 C CN1190546 C CN 1190546C
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fiber
bath
nanoparticle
nanoparticles
modified chemical
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CN1473987A (en
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于俊荣
刘兆峰
胡祖明
潘婉莲
栾秀娜
诸静
陈蕾
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Donghua University
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Abstract

一种纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特点是将经表面处理的纳米粒子按一定比例加入到湿法纺丝或干湿法纺丝的凝固浴、预热浴或萃取浴中,进行高速搅拌分散及超声分散,制备纳米粒子均匀分散的浴液,以替代湿法纺丝或干湿法纺丝的凝固浴、预热浴或萃取浴,借助于扩散作用使纳米粒子扩散进入纤维除溶剂后形成的微孔内,然后经过拉伸等后处理工序制成纳米粒子均匀分散的纤维。采用本发明的方法所制备的纳米粒子改性化学纤维,纳米粒子在纤维中达到纳米级分散,从而提高了纤维的拉伸性能。制备方法较为简单,制作成本较低,便于工业化实施。A preparation method of nanoparticle modified chemical fiber, which is characterized in that the surface treated nanoparticle is added to the coagulation bath, preheating bath or extraction bath of wet spinning or dry-wet spinning in a certain proportion, and the High-speed stirring dispersion and ultrasonic dispersion to prepare evenly dispersed bath liquid of nanoparticles to replace the coagulation bath, preheating bath or extraction bath of wet spinning or dry-wet spinning, and the nanoparticles diffuse into the fiber by means of diffusion In the micropores formed after solvent, and then after stretching and other post-processing processes to make fibers with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. In the nano particle modified chemical fiber prepared by the method of the invention, the nano particle is dispersed in the fiber at the nanometer level, thereby improving the tensile performance of the fiber. The preparation method is relatively simple, the production cost is low, and it is convenient for industrial implementation.

Description

The preparation method of nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of chemical fibre, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method who adopts nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre.
Background technology
Nano particle has big specific area, surface atom number, surface energy and surface tension sharply increase with the decline of particle diameter, and small-size effect, skin effect, quantum size effect and macro quanta tunnel effect etc. cause nanoparticle to be different from conventional particle at aspects such as mechanical property, thermal property, magnetic performance, optical property and electric properties.Nano particle is joined in the chemical fibre, these functions can be imparted among the fiber, make nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre.Adopt the different nanoparticle of performance, can develop various functional fibers such as antibiotic, fire-retardant, anti-ultraviolet, far infrared, negative-oxygen ion health, antistatic and electromagnetic shielding, or improve the heat resistance or the mechanical property of fiber.
Prepare nano-material modified chemical fibre, the simplest method is exactly a finishing method.As:
Among the Chinese patent CN93114055 fabric panels such as cotton, fiber crops, silk, synthetic fiber are flooded in the solution of fluoride, organo-silicon compound, surfactant, adhesive, nano ceramics, water and other mixing, slough after the excessive solution 50~200 ℃ of dry down, typings, make have waterproof and dustproof, hate oil, the fabric of ultraviolet resistance; Be mixed with earlier the dressing liquid of nano-tourmaline particulate, far-infrared powder, emulsifying agent and adhesive among the Chinese patent CN00132606 by a certain percentage, then with this dressing liquid to fabric pad, coating or spray treatment, make fabric with health-care far infrared and negative oxygen ion function.
But above-mentioned back finishing technique exists the cohesion and the absorption stability problem of nanometer ultrafine particle, and the fabric of handling can influence its function of use because of washing.Prepare the permanent function nona modified fiber, will be with nano-particles filled in fibrous inside.
In fibrous inside, Chang Yong method is the co-blended spinning method the most with nano-particles filled, comprises melt blending spin processes and solution blending spin processes.
The melt blending spinning is earlier nano particle to be dispersed in the polymer melt, carries out spinning, drawing-off then on traditional spinning equipment, makes nanometer particle-modified fiber, and need not to increase miscellaneous equipment.As among the Chinese patent CN01108688 surface treated nano particle and polyethylene terephthalate being carried out common grinding in the special reaction device, then by a certain percentage with the polyethylene terephthalate melt blending, the preparation polyethylene terephthalate/nano-composite fiber; Among the Chinese patent CN02111209 polyester or modified poly ester and promoter, nano-powder tertiary blending melt-spun are made anti-electrostatic nano compound polyester fibre.
Because nano particle very easily reunites, the polymeric matrix melt viscosity is bigger again, so depends merely on the mechanical blending effect in the said method and be difficult to make nano particle to reach nanoscale in polymeric matrix to disperse, thereby influences spinning, the tensile property of blend.
The solution blending spinning is earlier nano particle to be dispersed in the spinning solution, carries out spinning again, desolvates, draft process makes nanometer particle-modified fiber.As earlier nano particle being carried out being dispersed in the spin solvent of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) after the surface treatment among the Chinese patent CN02148597, adding the UHMWPE powder then carries out swelling, dissolves and make spinning solution, carry out spinning again, stretch and make nanometer particle-modified UHMWPE fiber, the mechanical moduli of this fiber can improve 20~70% on the original basis.The nano-powder material that will have correlation function among the Chinese patent CN01128377 evenly is blended in the artificial viscose solution carrier, handles through the spray silk and makes the functional artificial viscose that human skin is had regulating action.
Because nano particle is very easily reunited, even after surface treatment and ultrasonic strong dispersion, the aggregate that also has nano particle unavoidably is present in the spinning solution, thereby influences its spinnability and draftability.
In order effectively to solve the even scattering problem of nano particle in the polymer body, people have proposed the compound new method of in-situ polymerization, promptly on the nano particle of polymolecularity, be written into component, and then on this nanoparticle surface, carry out polymerisation and prepare in-situ composite with catalytic activity.As disclosing the nanocomposite of a kind of polyolefin and clay among Chinese patent CN1255510A and the U.S. Pat P6444742, this composite is made up of the polyethylene of 40~99.9 heavy % and the fiber rod stone kind clay of 0.1~60 heavy %, transistion metal compound with the nanoscale clay is a catalyst, with the organo-aluminum compound is co-catalyst, carry out the in-situ polymerization of alkene, prepared composite has excellent mechanical property and hot property.Chinese patent CN01142857 discloses a kind of preparation method of nano composite polyester, be mixed with earlier the mixed liquor of nano zine oxide, nano barium sulfate, ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid (TPA) by a certain percentage, add catalyst and stabilizing agent then and carry out polymerization, discharging, make nano composite polyester.The in-situ polymerization composite algorithm can make nano particle be dispersed in the polymeric matrix uniformly, but this method is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and the cost of gained composite is higher, and the spinning properties of gained nano composite polymer awaits further to study.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are the preparation methods that disclose a kind of comparatively easy nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre, to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists, satisfy the needs in relevant field.
Technical conceive of the present invention is such:
The fiber that reaches of the present invention is limited to wet method or dried wet method spins the fiber that forms, be characterized in surface treated nano particle is joined by a certain percentage the coagulating bath of wet spinning or dry-wet spinning, in pre-heating bath or the extraction bath, carrying out high-speed stirred disperses and ultrasonic dispersion certain hour, the homodisperse body lotion of preparation nano particle, to substitute the coagulating bath of wet spinning or dry-wet spinning, pre-heating bath or extraction bath, make nano particle diffuse into fiber by means of diffusion and desolventize in the micropore that the back forms, postprocessing working procedures such as stretched is then made the homodisperse fiber of nano particle.Can be made into according to the difference that adds nano particle have antibiotic, fire-retardant, anti-ultraviolet, various functional fibers such as far infrared, negative-oxygen ion health, antistatic and electromagnetic shielding, or improve the heat resistance and the mechanical property of fiber.
The inventive method comprises the steps: that wherein described raw material portion rate is the weight fraction ratio except that specified otherwise.
(1) nano particle evenly disperses the preparation of body lotion:
Will be through the nano particle after surface treatment or the modification or its mixture, with media such as coagulating bath, pre-heating bath or extractants, by 0.5~5: carry out high-speed stirred 10~30min in the 100 adding containers, carry out sonicated 20~40min again, nano particle is evenly disperseed in decentralized medium, obtain nano particle and evenly disperse body lotion;
Said nano particle is a zero-dimension nano level inorganic particulate, average grain diameter is 10~100nm, preferred Nano Silver, silica, titanium dioxide, aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, crude tourmaline or very ice a kind of or its mixture in the stone powder;
Term " surface treatment or modification " refers in solvent surfactant is covered in nanoparticle surface, give particle surface with new character, as in isopropyl alcohol, ethanol or acetone, surfactants such as titanate ester, silane coupling agent, aluminate, hard acid ester salt or laruate being covered in the inorganic nano-particle sub-surface, can adopt the method that provides among the Chinese patent CN02148597 that nano particle is carried out surface treatment or modification, its main purpose is to prevent the nano particle reunion, increases its dispersiveness in decentralized medium.
Coagulating bath, pre-heating bath or the medium that extractant adopted are conventional medium, in this general technical literature report are arranged all.
(2) the nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre of preparation:
Wet spinning or fiber that dry-wet spinning obtains are placed the dispersion body lotion of step (1), make nano particle diffuse into fiber under ultrasonic or static condition and desolventize in the micropore that the back forms, postprocessing working procedures such as stretched is then made the homodisperse fiber of nano particle;
The polyacrylonitrile fibre that described chemical fibre comprises, viscose, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, vinal and aramid fiber etc.;
Fiber time of staying in coagulating bath, pre-heating bath or extraction bath is 0.2~5min under the ultrasonic state, and under the static condition fiber time of staying in coagulating bath, pre-heating bath or extraction bath be 3~30min.
Key technology of the present invention is to make nano particle diffuse into fiber by diffusion to desolventize in the back micropore that forms, because wet spinning or the formed pore size of dry-jet wet-spinning fiber removal solvent are generally nanoscale, even have the nano particle aggregate to exist in then coagulating bath, pre-heating bath or the extraction bath, the nano particle aggregate also is difficult for diffusing into fibrous inside.Therefore adopt the prepared nanometer particle-modified chemical fibre of method of the present invention, nano particle in fiber, to reach the nanoscale dispersion, thereby improved the tensile property of fiber.The preparation method is comparatively simple, and cost of manufacture is lower, is convenient to industrializing implementation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross section stereoscan photograph that contains the nano particle polyethylene fiber.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Surface treated nano silicon and dimethylbenzene joined in 1: 100 ratio carry out high-speed stirred 20min in the container that has supersonic generator, make the homodisperse extract of nano particle, the polyethylene gel fiber is placed in one under static condition, carries out altogether 20min of twice extraction, carry out drying at room temperature then.The dry freeze glue fiber is carried out 12 times one-level stretching under 100 ℃, carry out 2 times of secondary drawing under 110 ℃, carry out 1.4 times of three grades of stretchings under 120 ℃, the intensity of gained fiber is 30.5cN/dtex, and modulus is 1720cN/dtex, and extension at break is 3.31%.And with the polyethylene gel fiber in the extraction bath that does not contain nano particle, under similarity condition, carry out drying then in extraction under the similarity condition, the fibre strength make that stretches is 29.6cN/dtex, modulus is 1170cN/dtex, extension at break is 3.83%.The cross section stereoscan photograph of fiber as shown in Figure 1 after one-level stretched.
Embodiment 2
Each 2 parts of surface treated nano-tourmaline particulates, nano titanium dioxide particles are joined in 98 parts of aqueous solution that contain 3% sodium sulfocyanate, and high-speed stirred 20min under ultrasonic state makes the homodisperse pre-heating bath of nano particle.
The polyacrylonitrile as-spun fibre that goes out coagulating bath enters in the above-mentioned pre-heating bath, bathing temperature is 55 ℃, stretches 1.5 times under ultrasonic state, and fiber time of staying in pre-heating bath is 1min, carry out two roads afterwards and stretch, wash and other postprocessing working procedures, make the acrylic fiber that contains nano particle.The average negative oxygen ion number of final products release is 150/cm after testing 3, far infrared transmissivity is 83%, it is 81% to colibacillary bacteriostasis rate, is 77% to the bacteriostasis rate of staphylococcus aureus.

Claims (8)

1.一种纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:1. a preparation method of nanoparticle modified chemical fiber, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1)将经过表面处理或改性后的纳米粒子或其混合物,与凝固浴、预热浴或萃取剂介质,加入容器内进行高速搅拌,再进行超声处理,使纳米粒子在分散介质中均匀分散,获得纳米粒子均匀分散浴液;(1) Put the surface-treated or modified nanoparticles or their mixture, together with coagulation bath, preheating bath or extractant medium, into the container for high-speed stirring, and then perform ultrasonic treatment to make the nanoparticles uniform in the dispersion medium Disperse to obtain a uniformly dispersed bath of nanoparticles; (2)将湿法纺丝或干湿法纺丝所获得初生纤维置于步骤(1)的分散浴液中,在超声或静置状态下使纳米粒子扩散进入纤维除溶剂后形成的微孔内,然后采用常规的后处理工序制成纳米粒子均匀分散的纤维。(2) Place the as-spun fiber obtained by wet spinning or dry-wet spinning in the dispersion bath of step (1), and diffuse the nanoparticles into the micropores formed after the fiber is desolvated under ultrasonic or standing state Inside, and then use conventional post-processing procedures to make fibers with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. 2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,将经过表面处理或改性后的纳米粒子或其混合物,与凝固浴、预热浴或萃取剂介质,按0.5~5∶100加入容器内进行高速搅拌10~30min,再进行超声处理20~40min,所述原料份数为重量分数比。2. the preparation method of nanoparticle modified chemical fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, with coagulation bath, preheating bath or extractant medium, through surface treatment or modified nanoparticle or its mixture, Put into the container at a ratio of 0.5-5:100, stir at a high speed for 10-30 minutes, and then perform ultrasonic treatment for 20-40 minutes, and the parts of the raw materials are weight fraction ratios. 3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所说的纳米粒子为零维纳米级无机粒子。3. The method for preparing nanoparticle-modified chemical fibers according to claim 1, wherein said nanoparticles are zero-dimensional nanoscale inorganic particles. 4.根据权利要求3所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,纳米粒子平均粒径为10~100nm。4. The method for preparing nanoparticle-modified chemical fibers according to claim 3, characterized in that the average particle diameter of the nanoparticles is 10-100 nm. 5.根据权利要求3所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,纳米粒子为纳米银、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锌、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、天然电气石或奇冰石粉末中的一种或其混合物。5. the preparation method of nanoparticle modified chemical fiber according to claim 3 is characterized in that, nanoparticle is nano silver, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, natural tourmaline Or one of the strange ice stone powder or its mixture. 6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化学纤维包括湿法纺丝或干湿法纺丝的聚丙烯腈纤维、粘胶纤维、超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维或芳纶纤维中的一种。6. the preparation method of nanoparticle modified chemical fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described chemical fiber comprises the polyacrylonitrile fiber of wet spinning or dry-wet spinning, viscose fiber, ultra-high One of relative molecular mass polyethylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber or aramid fiber. 7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,超声状态下纤维在凝固浴、预热浴或萃取浴中停留时间为0.2~5min。7. The method for preparing nanoparticle-modified chemical fibers according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the residence time of the fibers in the coagulation bath, preheating bath or extraction bath under ultrasonic conditions is 0.2-5 min. 8.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的纳米粒子改性化学纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,静置状态下纤维在凝固浴、预热浴或萃取浴中停留时间为3~30min。8. The method for preparing nanoparticle-modified chemical fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the residence time of the fibers in the coagulation bath, preheating bath or extraction bath is 3 to 30 minutes in a standing state .
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