CN119051805B - Decoder LLR weight acquisition method, decoding method, system, device and medium - Google Patents
Decoder LLR weight acquisition method, decoding method, system, device and mediumInfo
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- CN119051805B CN119051805B CN202411141888.0A CN202411141888A CN119051805B CN 119051805 B CN119051805 B CN 119051805B CN 202411141888 A CN202411141888 A CN 202411141888A CN 119051805 B CN119051805 B CN 119051805B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0036—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver
- H04L1/0039—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the receiver other detection of signalling, e.g. detection of TFCI explicit signalling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/021—Estimation of channel covariance
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Abstract
本申请提出了一种译码器LLR权重获取方法，包括：通过接收信号相邻两个符号的信道估计值的差值获取接收信号的噪声方差估计值；使用信道估计值的幅度值获取接收信号的等效功率估计值；基于接收信号的等效功率估计值与噪声方差估计值的比值，得到LLR权重。该译码器LLR权重获取方法利用了相邻符号间信道的相似性，可以准确得到接收信号的噪声估计值，此外，巧妙利用了信道幅度响应值来反应接收信号序列的相对功率大小，最终通过前两者的比值即可得到细粒度的实时LLR权重值，从而克服了现有的简化模型方案在复杂信道条件下会有较大的性能损失以及固定权重值方案适配范围窄、性能往往不能充分释放的技术缺陷，保证了译码器的最佳译码性能。
This application proposes a decoder LLR weight acquisition method, including: obtaining a noise variance estimate of the received signal by taking the difference between the channel estimate values of two adjacent symbols of the received signal; obtaining an equivalent power estimate of the received signal using the amplitude value of the channel estimate; and obtaining an LLR weight based on the ratio of the equivalent power estimate of the received signal to the noise variance estimate. This decoder LLR weight acquisition method utilizes the similarity of the channels between adjacent symbols to accurately obtain the noise estimate of the received signal. In addition, it cleverly utilizes the channel amplitude response value to reflect the relative power size of the received signal sequence. Ultimately, a fine-grained real-time LLR weight value can be obtained by taking the ratio of the first two. This overcomes the technical defects of existing simplified model solutions that suffer from significant performance loss under complex channel conditions and fixed weight value solutions that have a narrow adaptation range and often cannot fully release performance, thereby ensuring the optimal decoding performance of the decoder.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of channel coding and decoding technologies, and in particular, to a decoder LLR weight obtaining method, decoding method, system, device, and medium.
Background
To improve system robustness, channel coding techniques are typically introduced in wireless communication systems. The decoder scheme may be classified into a soft decoding scheme and a hard decoding scheme. Soft coding schemes are more adopted because of their better performance than hard coding schemes. For soft decoding schemes, the decoder initially inputs log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) generated for the demodulation modules. The sign of the log-likelihood ratio represents the hard-decision result of the bit data, and the absolute value size represents the probability size (also called confidence) that the bit hard-decision result is correct.
In practical engineering, due to limited chip storage and computing resources, quantization processing is performed on absolute values of LLRs generated by a demodulator, i.e., confidence levels of demodulation results of each symbol are quantized. When the LLR original sequence is quantized, the LLR original sequence is combined with a weight value to be scaled to achieve a proper quantization interval, and if the LLR original sequence is quantized too much or too little, reliable values, unreliable values and error values in a demodulation result are not differentiated, so that information quantity is lost, and further the performance of a decoder is reduced, therefore, the LLR weight value has a key meaning for ensuring the performance of the decoder.
The current common LLR weight calculation schemes comprise a theoretical calculation scheme of a simplified model and a fixed weight scheme.
The theoretical calculation scheme of the model is simplified, the wireless transmission channel is regarded as a stable Gaussian channel, the modulation mode of the signal is BPSK, and the received signal transmitted by the wireless channel is regarded as obeying Gaussian distribution. Although the theoretical calculation formula of the LLR weight value can be obtained in the scheme, the theoretical calculation mode adopts the simplest Gaussian channel model, and the transmission characteristic of an actual wireless channel is far more complex than that of the Gaussian model, so that the weight calculation scheme causes great performance loss of the decoder under the complex channel condition in actual use.
Because there is no theoretical calculation formula of LLR weight value under the precondition of complex channel and different modulation schemes at present, another weight scheme commonly adopted in the industry is a fixed weight value scheme. However, the weight value needs to be obtained through system simulation under a specific transmission condition, and the fixed weight value is only a quasi-optimal value under a specific condition, which has a problem of narrow adaptation range, so that the decoding performance of the decoder cannot be fully released in the actual communication process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, the application provides a decoder LLR weight acquisition method, a decoding method, a system, equipment and a medium, which are used for acquiring LLR weight values on the premise of at least complex channels and different modulation schemes so as to ensure the optimal decoding performance of a decoder.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present application provides a decoder LLR weight acquisition method, including:
acquiring a noise variance estimation value of a received signal through a difference value of channel estimation values of two adjacent symbols of the received signal;
Acquiring an equivalent power estimated value of the received signal by using an amplitude value of a channel estimated value of a symbol of the received signal;
and obtaining the LLR weight based on the ratio of the equivalent power estimated value of the received signal to the noise variance estimated value of the received signal.
Further, the formula for obtaining the LLR weights includes:
Wherein w represents the LLR weight, p represents the equivalent power estimation value of the received signal, sigma 2 represents the noise variance estimation value of the received signal, and lambda represents a constant.
Further, the formula for obtaining the noise variance estimation value of the received signal includes:
the formula for obtaining the equivalent power estimation value of the received signal comprises:
p=abs(Hn)2;
Wherein H n represents the channel estimation value of the symbol n of the received signal, mean represents the average value symbol, abs represents the absolute value symbol.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a decoding method capable of decoding based on the decoder LLR weight acquisition method described in any one of the preceding claims.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a decoder LLR weight acquisition system, including:
The noise variance estimation value acquisition module is used for acquiring a noise variance estimation value of the received signal through the difference value of channel estimation values of two adjacent symbols of the received signal;
An equivalent power estimated value obtaining module, configured to obtain an equivalent power estimated value of the received signal using an amplitude value of a channel estimated value of a symbol of the received signal;
and the LLR weight acquisition module is used for acquiring the LLR weight based on the ratio of the equivalent power estimated value of the received signal to the noise variance estimated value of the received signal.
Further, the formula for obtaining the LLR weights includes:
Wherein w represents the LLR weight, p represents the equivalent power estimation value of the received signal, sigma 2 represents the noise variance estimation value of the received signal, and lambda represents a constant.
Further, the formula for obtaining the noise variance estimation value of the received signal includes:
the formula for obtaining the equivalent power estimation value of the received signal comprises:
p=abs(Hn)2;
Wherein H n represents the channel estimation value of the symbol n of the received signal, mean represents the average value symbol, abs represents the absolute value symbol.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a decoding system capable of performing decoding by the aforementioned decoding method.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising at least one processing unit, and at least one storage unit, wherein the storage unit stores a computer program, which when executed by the processing unit, enables the processing unit to perform the steps of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method according to any one of the preceding claims and/or to perform the steps of the decoding method according to the preceding claims.
In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a storage medium storing a computer program executable by an access authentication apparatus, the computer program enabling the access authentication apparatus to perform the steps of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method as set forth in any one of the preceding claims and/or to perform the steps of the decoding method as set forth in the preceding claims when the computer program is run on the access authentication apparatus.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
(1) In addition, the channel amplitude response value is smartly utilized to reflect the relative power of a received signal sequence, and finally the real-time LLR weight value with fine granularity can be obtained through the ratio of the two, thereby overcoming the technical defects that the traditional simplified model scheme has larger performance loss under complex channel conditions, the adaptive range of the fixed weight value scheme is narrow, and the performance is often not fully released, and ensuring the optimal decoding performance of the decoder.
(2) The decoding method and the system provided by the application are all used for decoding based on the decoder LLR weight acquisition method, so that the technical defects that the existing simplified model scheme has larger performance loss under complex channel conditions, the adaptive range of the fixed weight value scheme is narrow, the performance is often not fully released are overcome, and the optimal decoding performance of the decoder is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a decoder LLR weight obtaining method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a diagram of simulation results of frame error rates of three different schemes, i.e., a theoretical calculation scheme, a fixed weight scheme, and an LLR weight acquisition scheme of a decoder according to an embodiment of the present application, under a multipath channel model (BLER in fig. 2 is a block error rate, which is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks in an digital circuit to the total number of received blocks.)
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the above-described decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or decoding method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The terms first, second, nth, and the like in the description, in the claims, or in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" or "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As described in the background section of the specification, the theoretical calculation scheme of the simplified model in the prior art causes a larger performance loss of the decoder under the complex channel condition in actual use, and the fixed weight value scheme has the problem of narrow adaptation range, so that the decoding performance of the decoder cannot be fully released in the actual communication process. In order to overcome the technical dilemma, the application provides a decoder LLR weight acquisition method, a decoding method, a system, equipment and a medium.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application proposes a decoder LLR weight acquisition method, which may mainly include the following three steps.
Step 1, obtaining a noise variance estimation value of a received signal through a difference value of channel estimation values of two adjacent symbols of the received signal.
More specifically, let the channel estimation value of symbol n of the received signal be H n, n=1, 2,..m, m be the number of symbols, the calculation formula of the noise variance estimation value contained in the received signal refer to formula (1).
Where σ 2 denotes the noise variance estimate of the received signal, mean denotes the mean sign, abs denotes the absolute sign.
And 2, acquiring an equivalent power estimated value of the received signal by using the amplitude value of the channel estimated value of the symbol of the received signal.
More specifically, the calculation formula of the equivalent power estimation value of the received signal refers to formula (2).
p=abs(Hn)2 (2)
Wherein p represents an equivalent power estimate of the received signal and H n)2 represents an amplitude value of a channel estimate of a symbol n of the received signal.
And step 3, obtaining the LLR weight based on the ratio of the equivalent power estimated value of the received signal to the noise variance estimated value of the received signal.
More specifically, the calculation formula of the LLR weight refers to formula (3).
The formula (4) can be obtained by substituting the formula (1) and the formula (2) into the formula (3).
Where w represents LLR weight, λ 1 represents a first constant, λ 2 represents a second constant, both constants.
Referring to fig. 2, the mthd1 marked curve is a frame error rate curve of a simplified theoretical calculation scheme, the mthd marked curve is a frame error rate curve of a fixed weight scheme, and the mthd marked curve is a frame error rate curve of a scheme provided by the embodiment of the application. As shown by simulation results, the frame error rate of the LLR weight calculation scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is minimum under the same condition, so that the LLR weight calculation scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has obvious performance improvement.
The theory of the decoder LLR weight obtaining method provided by the application is derived from a theoretical calculation scheme of a simplified model, while the formula (3) is derived from a simplified transmission channel model, as can be seen from the formula (3), LLR weights are positively correlated with the signal to noise ratio of a received signal, and the application uses a channel estimation result (channel estimation value) to calculate the LLR weights. In addition, the channel amplitude response value is ingeniously utilized to reflect the relative power of a received signal sequence, and finally the real-time LLR weight value with fine granularity can be obtained through the ratio of the two, thereby overcoming the technical defects that the traditional simplified model scheme has larger performance loss under the complex channel condition, the adaptive range of the fixed weight value scheme is narrow, and the performance is often not fully released, and ensuring the optimal decoding performance of the decoder.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a decoding method, which can perform decoding based on the decoder LLR weight obtaining method described in any one of the foregoing. For specific technical details of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method, reference is made to the discussion of the foregoing embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
The decoding method provided by the application carries out decoding based on the decoder LLR weight acquisition method, thereby overcoming the technical defects that the existing simplified model scheme has larger performance loss under complex channel conditions, the adaptive range of the fixed weight value scheme is narrow, and the performance is often not fully released, and ensuring the optimal decoding performance of the decoder.
The embodiment of the application also provides a decoder LLR weight acquisition system which at least comprises a noise variance estimation value acquisition module, an equivalent power estimation value acquisition module and an LLR weight acquisition module.
The noise variance estimation value acquisition module is used for acquiring the noise variance estimation value of the received signal through the difference value of the channel estimation values of two adjacent symbols of the received signal.
The equivalent power estimated value acquisition module is used for acquiring the equivalent power estimated value of the received signal by using the amplitude value of the channel estimated value of the symbol of the received signal.
The LLR weight acquisition module is used for acquiring the LLR weight based on the ratio of the equivalent power estimated value of the received signal to the noise variance estimated value of the received signal.
For specific technical details and corresponding technical effects of the decoder LLR weight acquisition system, reference should also be made to the related discussion in the foregoing embodiments of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method, which is not repeated herein.
An embodiment of the present application also provides a decoding system capable of performing the foregoing decoding method for decoding.
For specific technical details and corresponding technical effects of the decoding system, reference should also be made to the related discussion in the foregoing embodiments of the decoding method, which is not repeated herein.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device adapted to implement the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or decoding method described above, according to an embodiment of the application. The electronic device shown in fig. 3 is only an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of embodiments of the application.
As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device 1000 described in the present embodiment includes a processor 1001 that can execute various appropriate actions and processes in accordance with a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from a storage section 1008 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 1003. The processor 1001 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and/or an associated chipset and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or the like. The processor 1001 may also include on-board memory for caching purposes. The processor 1001 may include a single processing unit or a plurality of processing units for performing different actions of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or the decoding method flow according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the RAM 1003, various programs and data required for the operation of the system 1000 are stored. The processor 1001, the ROM 1002, and the RAM 1003 are connected to each other by a bus 1004. The processor 1001 performs various operations of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or decoding method flow according to an embodiment of the present application by executing programs in the ROM 1002 and/or the RAM 1003. Note that the program may be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 1002 and the RAM 1003. The processor 1001 may also perform various operations of the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or decoding method flow according to an embodiment of the present application by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
According to an embodiment of the application, the electronic device 1000 may further comprise an input/output (I/O) interface 1005, the input/output (I/O) interface 1005 also being connected to the bus 1004. The system 1000 may also include one or more of an input section 1006 including a keyboard, mouse, etc., an output section 1007 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), liquid Crystal Display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc., a storage section 1008 including a hard disk, etc., and a communication section 1009 including a network interface card, such as a LAN card, modem, etc., connected to the I/O interface 1005. The communication section 1009 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 1010 is also connected to the I/O interface 1005 as needed. A removable medium 1011, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like, is installed as needed in the drive 1010, so that a computer program read out therefrom is installed as needed in the storage section 1008.
The decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or decoding method flow according to embodiments of the present application may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or the decoding method shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication portion 1009, and/or installed from the removable medium 1011. The above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiment of the present application are performed when the computer program is executed by the processor 1001. The systems, devices, apparatus, modules and/or units etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the application.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium that may be included in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments or may exist alone without being assembled into the apparatus/device/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which when executed, implement the decoder LLR weight acquisition method and/or the steps of the decoding method according to embodiments of the present application.
According to embodiments of the application, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, which may include, for example, but is not limited to, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In embodiments of the present application, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. For example, according to an embodiment of the application, the computer-readable storage medium may include one or more memories other than the ROM 1002 and/or the RAM 1003 described above.
It should be noted that, in each embodiment of the present application, each functional module may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the application may be embodied essentially or partly in the form of a software product or in part in addition to the prior art.
The flowchart and/or block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods or computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart and/or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features recited in the various embodiments of the application and/or in the claims may be combined in various combinations and/or combinations even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the application. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments of the application and/or the claims may be made without departing from the spirit and teachings of the application, all such combinations and/or combinations falling within the scope of the application.
While the present application has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The scope of the application should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with their full scope of equivalents.
Claims (9)
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| CN112236945A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-01-15 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Interference Detection and Suppression in Uncoordinated Systems |
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| CN109462457B (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2020-01-24 | 苏州怡林城信息科技有限公司 | Polar code decoding method, decoding device and decoder |
| US10784899B2 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-09-22 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining scaling factors in fixed-point decoder |
| WO2023236932A1 (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-12-14 | 锐捷网络股份有限公司 | Llr value quantification method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium |
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| CN101299743A (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-05 | 欧洲宇航防务集团安全网络公司 | Decoding symbols of a signal distributed according to a frequency dimension and a time dimension |
| CN112236945A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-01-15 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Interference Detection and Suppression in Uncoordinated Systems |
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