CN118977474A - High-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material and method based on bio-structure combined bionics - Google Patents
High-strength and tough fiber-reinforced composite material and method based on bio-structure combined bionics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: the component main body is of a crossed layered structure of the bionic sea snail shell; the member body includes: the outer layer, the middle layer and the inner layer are sequentially arranged; the fiber laying mode of the outer layer simulates the brick mud structure of the pearl layer; the fiber laying mode of the middle layer simulates a crossed layered structure of the sea snail shell; the fiber laying mode of the inner layer simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chelation rod. According to the stress state difference of different positions in the stress process of the fiber reinforced composite material, the excellent natural structures such as shells, sea snails and mantis shrimp chelants are combined and bionic, so that the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced composite material is effectively improved, and the customized regional design gives the fiber reinforced composite material the capability of adapting to complex and severe environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material structures in the field of new materials, in particular to a high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of light weight and high strength, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, automobiles, buildings and the like. However, with the increasing requirement on the performance of the fiber reinforced composite material member, the current traditional fiber laying mode cannot meet the increasing mechanical performance requirement, the strong designability of the fiber reinforced composite material is fully utilized, and the strength, the toughness and the damage resistance of the fiber reinforced composite material are further improved through structural design, so that the fiber reinforced composite material member has important significance.
Accordingly, there remains a need for further improvements and developments in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionic and a preparation method thereof, and the strength, toughness and damage resistance of the fiber composite material can be effectively improved; and the mechanical property is greatly improved compared with the traditional fiber reinforced composite material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
high-strength fiber reinforced composite based on biological structure combination bionics, which comprises:
the component main body is of a crossed layered structure of the bionic sea snail shell;
The member body includes: the outer layer, the middle layer and the inner layer are sequentially arranged;
the fiber laying mode of the outer layer simulates the brick mud structure of the pearl layer;
the fiber laying mode of the middle layer simulates a crossed layered structure of the sea snail shell;
the fiber laying mode of the inner layer simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chelation rod.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, wherein,
In the brick mud structure of shell pearl layers, fibers are arranged at intervals along the length direction, and single-layer fiber prepregs are horizontally arranged.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, wherein,
The middle layer is laid according to [ +45°/-45 ° ] ns, and the fibers of two adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, wherein,
The fiber laying of the inner layer adopts a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chelant rod, and the orientation of the adjacent fiber layers rotates by an angle beta, wherein the angle beta is 5 degrees <45 degrees.
The bionic high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination is characterized in that the inner layer is paved and arranged according to a spiral angle of 5 degrees < beta <30 degrees, and the inner layer is paved and arranged in a layer-by-layer rotating way from 0 degrees around a rotating shaft which is perpendicular to the inner layer and passes through the center of the inner layer.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, wherein the middle layer is respectively and vertically arranged with the outer layer and the inner layer.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, wherein the fiber laying angle of the middle layer 2 is 45 degrees;
the fibre lay-up angle of the inner layer 3 is 30 deg..
The high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionic, wherein the overall size is 50mm multiplied by 10mm; standard layer prepregs of 200 μm are used; the number of the layers of the outer layer and the inner layer is 10, and the number of the layers of the middle layer is 50.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics is prepared by adopting an additive preparation method or a hot press molding method.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the fiber prepreg by using a fiber cutting machine, and paving according to a preset paving mode;
S2, packaging the laid fiber prepreg by a vacuum bag, and removing redundant air and moisture;
S3, placing the packaged fiber prepreg into a hot press molding machine, setting temperature and pressure, and performing hot press molding;
s4, cutting and polishing the molded fiber reinforced composite material according to the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionic and a preparation method thereof; according to the bionics principle, a typical biological structure (a brick mud structure, a crossed layered structure and a spiral structure) is combined and introduced into the design of the fiber reinforced composite material, the inner layer, the outer layer and the middle layer are independently designed according to different stress conditions of the fiber reinforced composite material, different laying modes of the inner layer, the outer layer and the middle layer are perfectly adapted to stress states of the layers, the strength, toughness and damage resistance of the fiber composite material are effectively improved, the laying of the outer layer brick mud structure can provide high strength, so that the applied load can be favorably diffused to a larger material volume, the laying of the middle layer crossed layered structure can provide a complex crack propagation path, the toughness and damage resistance of the whole material are improved, the laying of the inner layer spiral structure is more isotropic, the crack initiation resistance is remarkably increased, and the structural integrity is maintained. The combined effect of each layer obviously enhances the mechanical property of the fiber-reinforced composite material, so that the mechanical property of the fiber-reinforced composite material is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional fiber-reinforced composite material, and the fiber-reinforced composite material has important application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block mud structure of a shell nacreous layer imitated by a high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross layered structure of a conch simulated by a high strength and toughness fiber reinforced composite based on a biological structure combination bionic in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod simulated by a high-strength fiber-reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionic provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fiber laying angle rotation 30 ° structure of an inner layer of a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-outer layer, 2-middle layer and 3-inner layer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purposes, the technical scheme and the effects of the invention clearer and more definite. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless defined otherwise. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
It is well known that organisms in nature have evolved advanced high-strength biological structures through hundreds of millions of years of survival competition. With the rise of the bionics science, the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced composite material can be remarkably improved by introducing the bionic structure, thought and mechanism into the design of the fiber reinforced composite material.
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics and a preparation method thereof, the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer, wherein the fiber of the outer layer is laid to imitate a 'brick mud' structure of a shell pearl layer; the fiber arrangement of the middle layer simulates a cross layered structure of the sea snail shell; the fiber laying of the inner layer simulates a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod; according to the stress state difference of different positions in the stress process of the fiber reinforced composite material, the excellent natural structures such as shells, sea snails and mantis shrimp chelants are combined and bionic, so that the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced composite material is effectively improved, and the customized regional design gives the fiber reinforced composite material the capability of adapting to complex and severe environments.
Living competition in the nature for hundreds of millions drives living beings to evolve high-strength structures. By mimicking the structural features of living beings and understanding the mechanism of action between their structure and properties, it would be helpful to design lightweight, high strength and toughness, and damage-resistant fiber reinforced composites.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 4, the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on biological structure combination bionics provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the component comprises a component main body 100, wherein the component main body 100 is of a cross layered structure of a bionic sea snail shell; the component main body 100 consists of an outer layer 1, an intermediate layer 2 and an inner layer 3; the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 simulates the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer; the fibre lay-up of the intermediate layer 2 mimics the cross-layered structure of the sea snail shell, as shown in figure 2; the fiber laying mode of the inner layer 3 simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chela sticks.
The bionic high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination is characterized in that the bionic object in the whole paving mode of the fiber reinforced composite material is selected from sea snail shells, the bionic object in the outer layer 1 paving mode of the fiber reinforced composite material is selected from shell pearl layers, the bionic object in the middle layer 2 paving mode of the fiber reinforced composite material is selected from sea snail shells, and the bionic object in the inner layer 3 paving mode of the fiber reinforced composite material is selected from mantis shrimp chelating rods.
Specifically, the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 in the embodiment of the invention simulates a nacreous layer 'brick mud' structure, and the "nacreous layer brick mud structure" simulated in the invention is a biological structure simulated in nature, and the excellent mechanical property and toughness are realized by arranging fibers or materials in a specific mode.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows a tile mud structure of a shell nacreous layer, and in the embodiment of the invention, the nacreous layer has excellent strength and toughness through a multi-layer and alternative arrangement mode by adopting a tile mud structure imitating the nacreous layer. This design not only provides structural flexibility, but also provides greater resistance to forces. The following are some specific implementation details of the fiber placement of the outer layer 1 of the present invention that mimics the 'mud-brick' structure of the nacreous layer:
as shown in figure 1, the invention adopts the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 to simulate the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer, and is designed for a multi-layer composite material; in this design, materials of different characteristics may be alternately arranged to achieve a combination of "bricks" and "mud". Where materials are selected, hard materials (e.g., carbon fiber, ceramic, or metal) may be used as the "brick" layer, while flexible polymeric or elastomeric materials (e.g., polyurethane, rubber) may be used as the "mud" layer.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention adopts the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 to simulate the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer, is designed into a multi-layer structure, and the thickness and the material characteristics of each layer can be adjusted according to the needs. For example, the outer layer may be formed of a thicker rigid material to enhance overall impact resistance, while the inner layer may be formed of a thinner flexible material to enhance toughness.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention adopts the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 to simulate the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer, and can adopt Computer Aided Design (CAD) and simulation software to optimize the structure so as to better distribute stress and energy:
the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 simulates the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer, and the optimal hierarchical combination and material selection are found out by simulating the performances of materials under different loads so as to reduce the brittle failure risk.
Of course, specifically, the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 imitates the structural shape of the 'brick mud' of the pearl layer, and the strength can be further improved by designing a hollow or honeycomb structure, and simultaneously, the weight is reduced, and a complex geometric shape is constructed by using the technology of 3D printing and the like.
In a further embodiment, the fiber laying mode of the outer layer 1 imitates the 'brick mud' structure of the pearl layer, and a self-healing material can be adopted, and the durability of the structure can be enhanced by adopting the self-healing material in consideration of certain flexibility characteristic of 'mud'. For example, by introducing a polymer material with self-healing properties, when a breakage or micro-crack occurs on the surface of the material, the material can be automatically repaired under specific conditions to prolong the service life.
Further, in order to achieve the fiber lay-up pattern of the outer layer 1 to simulate the nacreous layer 'brick mud' structure, various manufacturing processes may be employed, such as: lamination molding: the materials of different layers are combined by hot pressing or cold pressing, so that the strength and toughness of the composite material are ensured. 3D printing: the additive manufacturing technology is utilized to precisely control the arrangement and thickness of materials and manufacture a complex 'brick mud' structure.
Further, the fiber lay-out of the middle layer 2 in the embodiment of the invention simulates the cross layered structure of the sea snail shell, and aims to simulate the unique structure of the sea snail shell, thereby developing new materials or new products for inspiration. The cross-layered structure of the conch has a high degree of strength and toughness, which makes it resistant to external pressure and impact in nature.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a cross-layered structure of conch, and the cross-layered structure of conch shells is formed by staggering multiple layers of thin films, and interaction among the layers and structural design among the layers enable the conch shells to effectively disperse externally applied force, so that overall stability and compression resistance of the shells are improved. The invention adopts the fiber laying of the middle layer to simulate the cross layered structure of the sea snail shell, and develops lighter and stronger materials by simulating the structure, thereby being applicable to the fields of construction, aerospace, biomedicine and the like.
Further, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer 3 simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chelation rod, and means that in the material design, the fiber arrangement mode of the inner layer adopts a specific geometric shape, and the natural structural characteristics of the shrimp clamp part of mantis shrimps are simulated.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chelant rod. Wherein, the chelating rod structure of mantis shrimp, the shrimp pincers of mantis shrimp (or called "chelating rod") have very unique and efficient structure, and the following is its main characteristics:
In the embodiment of the invention, the fiber laying of the inner layer simulates the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chela bars, and the mantis shrimp chela bars adopt a spiral arrangement mode, so that the mantis shrimp chela bars can better disperse force when bearing external impact. The structure can effectively utilize the strength of the material and avoid local stress concentration. The spiral structure not only provides extremely high strength, but also has certain toughness, so that the shrimp clamp is not easy to break during hunting and defending.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fiber arrangement of the inner layer is adopted to simulate the spiral structure, and the arrangement mode can strengthen the mechanical property of the material when the material is impacted or stretched, so that the material can better perform when bearing complex stress. And by the helical arrangement, externally applied forces can be more evenly distributed within the material, thereby reducing the risk of material failure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the middle layer 2 is laid according to [ +45°/-45 ° ] ns, and the fibers of two adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other; the mechanical property of the composite material can be enhanced. Wherein, the laying mode adopts [ +45°/-45 ° ] ns laying: this is a representation of fiber lay-up and represents the alignment of fibers in different directions.
Specifically:
+45°: meaning that a layer of fibres is laid in a direction at an angle of 45 degrees to the reference direction of the material.
-45 °: Indicating that the next layer of fibres is laid in a direction at an angle of-45 degrees to the reference direction of the material.
Ns: typically the number of repetitions of these layers (number of stacks or number of layers), i.e. the number of such alternate layers.
Wherein the fibers of two adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other, which means that the fiber direction of each layer is perpendicular to the fiber direction of the adjacent layer. In combination with the previous arrangement, this means that the fibres of the first layer are arranged in a +45° direction and the fibres of the second layer are arranged in a-45 ° direction. This alternating arrangement can significantly improve the overall performance of the material.
The laying mode adopted by the invention has the following advantages:
1) Strength and rigidity can be enhanced: by arranging the fibres in different directions staggered with respect to each other, the load-bearing capacity of the material in all directions can be effectively enhanced. Because the stress of the material in various directions can be uniformly dispersed, stress concentration in a certain direction is not easy to occur.
2) Toughness can be improved: the alternate arrangement structure enables the material to absorb energy better when impacted or stretched, reducing the risk of brittle fracture.
3) Excellent fatigue resistance: the design also helps to improve the fatigue properties of the material, making it perform better under long-term periodic loading, and extending the service life.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the inner layers 3 are laid at a spiral angle of 5 ° < β <30 °, and are laid in layers rotated from 0 ° in one direction around a rotation axis perpendicular to the inner layers 3 and passing through the center of the inner layers 3.
Wherein the helix angle of the lay is 5 DEG < beta <30 DEG, beta in this embodiment means the helix angle of the fiber or material, indicating the angle formed by the lay in the vertical direction. The helix angle in this range means that the fibers are not perfectly parallel to the face of the inner layer, nor too steep, thereby forming a moderate helical arrangement.
And are laid around the rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the inner layer 3 and passes through the center of the inner layer 3, i.e. the fibre is laid around an imaginary rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the plane of the inner layer 3 and passes through the center of the inner layer 3. The layout can lead the fibers to be evenly distributed, and improve the strength and toughness of the material.
While layer-by-layer rotation of the rows is used in the present invention, the layers are rotated from 0 ° in one direction, which means that the helix angle of each layer increases with each row starting from a reference angle (0 °). I.e. when each layer is laid, a small angle is added on the basis of the basic spiral angle, so that the spiral effect is formed. That is, the first layer may be 0 °, then the second layer may be at an angle of less than 30 °, the third layer may be added, and so on. This layer-by-layer rotation allows a spiral effect to be achieved, resulting in a material with a better load-bearing capacity.
Therefore, the spiral structure can effectively disperse stress, so that the material is more flexible, and the risk of sudden fracture when external force is applied is reduced. And the moderate helix angle ensures that the fiber distribution of the inner layer is more uniform, and the tensile strength, the compressive strength and the bending strength of the material are improved. And through the layout, the material can reduce local stress concentration in long-time use, thereby improving fatigue resistance performance.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the inner layer 3 of the present invention is laid at a spiral angle of 5 ° < β <30 °, and is laid layer by layer in a rotating manner around a central axis, so that the mechanical properties of the inner layer 3 can be greatly improved, and a stronger and flexible composite material can be created.
In a further embodiment, the biomimetic fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination is prepared by adopting an additive preparation method or a hot press molding method. The "additive preparation" is a modern manufacturing technique, referring to building objects by adding materials layer by layer, such as 3D printing; while "hot press forming" is a conventional process for forming a material by heating and applying pressure.
Furthermore, the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionics can be applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile traffic, military and the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, the fiber laying of the outer layer 1 adopts a "brick mud" structure of shell pearl layers, the fibers are arranged at intervals along the length direction, and the single-layer fiber prepreg is horizontally arranged, so that the laying mode can provide high strength for the outer layer 1 and the whole material.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the fiber laying of the middle layer 2 adopts a cross-layered structure of sea snail shells, the fibers are laid according to [ +45 °/-45 ° ] ns, the fibers of two adjacent layers are mutually perpendicular, and the laying manner can provide a complex crack propagation path, thereby providing high toughness, high ductility and damage resistance.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the fiber laying of the inner layer 3 adopts a spiral structure of the mantis shrimp chelant rod, and the orientation of the adjacent fiber layers rotates by an angle beta (5 degrees < beta <45 degrees), so that the laying mode can improve the crack initiation resistance and reduce the sensitivity of the composite material to the crack direction.
Further, according to the embodiment of the invention, the layers can be integrally formed through hot pressing or 3D printing.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the middle layer 2 is disposed perpendicular to the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3, respectively.
Preferably, in the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the typical biological structure combination bionic, as shown in fig. 4, the fiber laying angle of the middle layer 2 is 45 °. I.e. the fibre lay-up of the intermediate layer 2 is at an angle of 45 deg. to the plane of the inner layer 3. And the fibers are laid at an angle of 45 degrees, so that external load can be effectively dispersed, and the tensile strength and the rigidity of the material are enhanced. The diagonal lay-up may provide support in multiple directions, increasing the load carrying capacity of the material, as compared to a unidirectional lay-up. And the 45-degree spreading angle is beneficial to uniformly distributing stress when the material is stressed, and stress concentration is reduced, so that the fatigue resistance is improved, and the service life of the material is prolonged. The laying mode also has remarkable improvement on the torsional rigidity of the material, so that the material is stable when being subjected to torsional force, and deformation is prevented. And the laying angle of the middle layer fiber is 45 degrees, so that the stress distribution is more uniform, and the risk of cracks or failure caused by stress concentration is reduced.
Preferably, in the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the typical biological structure combination bionic, as shown in fig. 5, the fiber laying angle of the inner layer 3 may be 30 °, that is, the fiber laying between the layers of the inner layer 3 rotates by 30 °, so that the layers rotate by 30 ° and the fiber is more impact resistant; better impact resistance, better damage resistance, better impact strength and impact toughness, and better isotropy.
Preferably, the high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionic has the overall size of 50mm multiplied by 10mm. A standard layer prepreg of 200 μm was used. The number of layers of the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 is 10, and the number of layers of the middle layer 2 is 50.
Further, based on the typical biological structure combination bionic fiber reinforced composite material of the embodiment, the invention also provides a preparation method of the typical biological structure combination bionic fiber reinforced composite material, which adopts hot press molding, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step one: cutting the fiber prepreg by using a fiber cutting machine, and paving according to a preset paving mode;
Two key processes are involved in this step: cutting and laying fibers. Wherein, the fiber is cut: first, the fiber prepreg can be precisely cut using a fiber cutter. The fiber prepreg is a fiber material which is already bonded with resin and has good molding ability. In this process, the cutter may cut the prepreg to a set size and shape for subsequent lay-up.
And the fiber prepregs are laid according to a preset laying mode, namely the cut fiber prepregs are laid according to the preset geometric shape and angle in the design scheme. The lay-up pattern is generally dependent on the performance requirements of the desired material and may include different angles and layers to achieve optimal mechanical properties.
For example, in the manufacture of a composite wing for a high performance aircraft, it may be desirable to cut pre-impregnated carbon fiber material into a particular shape and then lay down at different angles of 0 °,45 ° and 90 °. The multi-angle row design can enhance the strength of the wing and reduce the weight at the same time so as to meet the strict requirements of the aircraft on performance and safety.
In the step, the fiber cutting machine is used for cutting, so that the size and the shape of each piece of fiber material are consistent, and the forming precision of the material is improved. This is critical to the subsequent lay-up process and helps ensure the overall quality of the composite. The fiber arrangement is carried out according to a preset arrangement mode, so that the mechanical requirement of specific application can be better met, and the strength, rigidity and toughness of the material are enhanced by reasonably arranging the direction and angle of the fibers. And the automatic cutting and laying process can obviously improve the production efficiency, reduce the manual operation and reduce the production cost. Meanwhile, the material waste is reduced by accurate cutting, and the economy is further improved.
Step two: packaging the laid fiber prepreg by a vacuum bag, and removing redundant air and moisture;
the method is an important link in the manufacturing process of the composite material, and ensures that the performance of the material reaches the optimal state. The vacuum bag packaging is specifically performed on fiber prepregs which are laid and arranged by using a special vacuum bag. The bag is usually made of a special material capable of bearing negative pressure and can effectively isolate the external environment.
The air in the vacuum bag can be rapidly pumped away through the vacuumizing equipment, so that the process not only removes the redundant air, but also reduces the moisture content in the vacuum bag. The removal of moisture is critical to enhance the curing effect of the composite.
For example, in the manufacture of composite materials for ship hulls, laid glass fiber prepregs are first placed in a vacuum bag and then the air in the bag is pumped away using a vacuum pump. This process ensures that no air pockets remain in the material, thereby increasing the density and strength of the material. Eventually, after curing, the hull will be stronger and lighter, while reducing air bubbles that may lead to material failure.
In the step, bubbles and impurities can be eliminated by removing air and water, and defects are reduced, so that the overall strength and performance of the composite material are improved. And the resin can be more uniformly permeated into the fiber in the curing process without the interference of gas, so that each detail can be fully combined, and the overall consistency of the material is improved. The problem of moisture prevention can be solved, because poor curing or reduced material performance can be caused by the existence of moisture, the risk can be obviously reduced by vacuumizing, and the durability and the reliability of the final product are improved. In a complex die, the vacuum bag packaging technology can be well attached to the shape of the material, so that each corner can be uniformly pressed, and the forming quality is improved.
Step three: placing the packaged fiber prepreg into a hot press molding machine, setting the temperature and the pressure, and performing hot press molding;
In this step, it is a key element in the composite manufacturing process, the purpose of which is to transform the prepreg into a final product with specific shape and reinforcing properties. Among them, a hot press molding machine is an apparatus that can achieve molding of materials by controlling temperature and pressure. It is generally composed of a heating plate, a pressing mechanism and a temperature control system.
The method for placing the fiber prepreg into the prepreg comprises the step of placing the fiber prepreg which is subjected to vacuum encapsulation into a hot press molding machine. This step ensures that the material is in a processable state ready to receive heat and pressure. The temperature and the pressure are set, and the proper temperature and the proper pressure can be set according to the material characteristics and the design requirements of the prepreg. This step is critical to ensure that the material is sufficiently cured and that optimal properties are achieved.
With respect to performing the hot press molding, specifically, after the temperature reaches a set point, the hot press molding machine starts to apply pressure to melt the resin in the prepreg and infiltrate and surround the fibers, and then complete curing at a controlled temperature and pressure.
For example, in the case of manufacturing automobile parts, the carbon fiber prepreg is first put into a hot press molding machine, and the temperature is set at 180℃and the pressure at 5 MPa. Under such conditions, the resin in the prepreg melts and flows rapidly, filling the fiber interstices sufficiently and then solidifying in this environment. Finally, a strong and lightweight automotive part is formed, meeting stringent performance requirements.
Therefore, the hot press molding in the step enables the fiber and the resin to be more tightly combined, and the strength, the rigidity and the toughness of the composite material are greatly improved. And by controlling the temperature and the pressure, the hot press molding can ensure that the shape and the specification of each part are consistent, thereby improving the quality stability of mass production. And the accurate forming process reduces material waste, improves economic benefit, and is particularly suitable for the production of high-performance composite materials. And the hot press molding can shorten the curing time, improve the production efficiency, and enable enterprises to meet the demand of the market for quick delivery.
In summary, in the step, the packaged fiber prepreg is placed into a hot press molding machine for setting the temperature and the pressure, so that the performance and the production efficiency of the composite material can be effectively improved, and the final product meets the industry standard and the customer requirement.
Step four: cutting and polishing the molded fiber reinforced composite material according to the requirement.
In this embodiment, cutting and polishing the formed fiber reinforced composite material is a very important step in the final stage of composite material manufacture. This process is not only to achieve the desired size and shape, but also to improve the finish and overall performance of the material surface. Specifically, the method mainly comprises the following links:
cutting: the molded composite material needs to be cut to a specific size or shape to meet the requirements of subsequent assembly or application. Cutting may use mechanical tools such as saw blades, laser cutters, water knives, etc., to ensure accuracy and efficiency.
Polishing: after cutting is completed, the edges of the material may be rough, which requires sanding. Sanding may be performed by means of sand paper, electric sanders, etc., with the aim of smoothing the surface, removing burrs, and preparing for subsequent coating or bonding, etc.
For example, composite parts in the aerospace field are taken as examples. It is assumed that the outer structure of an aircraft wing needs to be manufactured using carbon fibre composite materials. After hot press forming, the preliminary shape of the wing may be slightly larger than the actual requirements. At this time, the redundant part can be precisely cut off by using a laser cutting machine, so that the redundant part accords with the size of the design drawing. Subsequently, to ensure a smooth, flawless wing surface, it is sanded and treated with fine sandpaper and electric sanders to achieve optimal aerodynamic performance and visual results.
It can be seen that in this step, cutting and grinding can ensure that the components meet the design specifications, avoiding subsequent assembly difficulties or dysfunctions due to dimensional mismatch. The polishing can remove burrs and irregular surfaces left in the cutting process, and the smoothness is improved, so that the wear resistance and the attractiveness of the material in the use process are enhanced. And the sanded surface is more easily bonded to an adhesive or coating, which is particularly important in composite joining and coating applications, and can improve the stability of the overall structure. While the smoothing effect of the surface treatment can reduce air or fluid drag and help to improve the performance of the material in specific applications, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.
In a word, through cutting and polishing, the composite material part can be quickly adapted to different application scenes, so that the product has higher flexibility and market competitiveness; cutting and polishing are not only the steps of process management, but also important links for ensuring the performance and adaptability of the composite material, and lay a solid foundation for the final use of the product.
Embodiment 2, the preparation method of the bionic fiber reinforced composite material based on the typical biological structure combination provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, obtaining a digital-to-analog file by using three-dimensional modeling software, and then processing the digital-to-analog file by using slicing software;
In this step, three-dimensional modeling software (e.g., solidWorks or Fusion 360) can be used to create a digital-to-analog file, which is a digitized representation of the object. The digital-to-analog file is then processed using slicing software (e.g., cura or simplefy 3D) to convert it into instructions (G-codes) that can be recognized by a 3D printer. These instructions include information about the print path, layer height, etc.
For example, a user designs a carbon fiber reinforced aircraft fuselage, and after creation, the fuselage is converted to G-code using slicing software, ready for printing.
This provides great flexibility in that the user can achieve complex geometries and personalization requirements during the design phase.
(2) Placing the continuous carbon fiber and the epoxy resin printing wire into an FDM type 3D printer;
In this step, continuous carbon fibers (which are typically strong and rigid) are mixed with an epoxy resin to form a print wire. The user needs to put such wire into the FDM 3D printer.
For example, a user prepares a roll of wire mixed with carbon fiber and epoxy for use with a printer.
This combination of materials can enhance the mechanical properties of the final product, enabling the printed small parts to withstand higher forces and pressures.
(3) In the printing process, the continuous carbon fiber is coated by molten resin, and is extruded onto a printing platform from a printing nozzle;
In this step embodiment, the printer mixes the molten epoxy with the continuous carbon fiber and then extrudes the mixture from the nozzle during printing. The carbon fibers are coated with molten resin during this process, so that the material, after curing, is able to form a strong composite structure.
For example, when printing an aircraft fuselage, the nozzles alternately extrude resin and carbon fiber, so that each layer printed has excellent load-bearing capacity.
The printing mode can realize the layer-by-layer superposition of materials, so that the final product is light, has excellent structural strength and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional manufacturing method;
(4) Post-treatment comprises deburring, polishing and the like;
In this embodiment, after printing is completed, post-processing, such as deburring, polishing the surface, etc. during printing, is often required. This step helps to improve the appearance and accuracy of the product.
For example: after printing is completed, the user may sand with sandpaper to smooth the surface of the aircraft fuselage and remove excess material.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the service performance of the product can be improved by post-treatment, the aesthetic degree of the product is improved, and the product can play a better function in practical application.
Therefore, through the steps, the continuous carbon fiber composite material printed by the FDM technology can easily realize the design of complex shapes, obviously enhance the strength and toughness of the product and meet the requirements of modern industry on high-performance lightweight materials. The flexibility and the high efficiency of the method lead the method to be more and more widely applied in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the typical biological structure combination bionic is but not limited to carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber and the like.
The high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics is inspired by a conch shell cross layered structure, and a macroscopic layer of the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material consists of an inner layer, an outer layer and a middle layer. The fiber laying of the 'brick mud' structure of the outer layer of the high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on the typical biological structure combination bionic can provide high strength for the outer layer and the whole material; fiber lay-up of the cross-structure of the middle layer can provide a complex crack propagation path, thereby providing high toughness, high ductility, and damage resistance; the spiral structure of the inner layer provides for increased resistance to crack initiation and reduced sensitivity of the composite to crack direction. The high-strength and high-toughness fiber reinforced composite material based on the biological structure combination bionic has excellent mechanical properties and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, construction and the like.
From the above, the invention discloses a high-strength fiber reinforced composite material based on typical biological structure combination bionics, which comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer, wherein the fiber of the outer layer is laid to imitate the 'brick mud' structure of a shell pearl layer; the fiber arrangement of the middle layer simulates a cross layered structure of the sea snail shell; the fiber laying of the inner layer simulates a spiral structure of a mantis shrimp chela rod; according to the stress state difference of different positions in the stress process of the fiber reinforced composite material, the excellent natural structures such as shells, sea snails and mantis shrimp chelants are combined and bionic, so that the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced composite material is effectively improved, and the customized regional design gives the fiber reinforced composite material the capability of adapting to complex and severe environments.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the examples described above, but is capable of modification and variation in light of the above teachings, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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