CN118961873B - Device and method for monitoring heat value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on piezoelectric transducer - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring heat value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on piezoelectric transducer Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 280
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer, and belongs to the technical field of gas metering. The utility model provides a hydrogen natural gas calorific value monitoring devices that mixes based on piezoelectric transducer, including first supersonic generator, first ultrasonic receiver, second supersonic generator, second supersonic receiver, signal conversion module, signal processing module and calorific value calculation module, first supersonic generator, first supersonic receiver, second supersonic generator, second supersonic receiver all are the slope form and install in natural gas pipeline inside, first supersonic generator is equal with second supersonic generator to the distance of second supersonic generator to second supersonic receiver, through gathering the time difference that the sound wave is downflow and countercurrent in natural gas pipeline, utilize the time difference to calculate the sound velocity of sound wave in the natural gas, and calculate the concentration of hydrogen and methane in the natural gas, and then calculate the calorific value of unit volume natural gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas metering, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring the calorific value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer.
Background
Natural gas can effectively improve combustion efficiency and reduce carbon emission by doping hydrogen. The existing metering method generally adopts a volume measurement method to meter the natural gas, and the method ignores the component and heat value difference of the natural gas, so that all the gas quality can carry out trade settlement according to the same volume standard, and the true value of the natural gas cannot be reflected.
For example, patent document CN116930318a provides a method for measuring the concentration of a mixed gas based on an ultrasonic flowmeter, in which, in the method, by adopting a flowmeter having two groups of ultrasonic transducers, and ultrasonic propagation paths of the two groups of ultrasonic transducers are distributed in a cross manner, the concentrations of hydrogen and methane are respectively measured by using relaxation absorption amplitude values to obtain two groups of values, and then the two groups of values are subjected to mean value operation, thereby reducing errors and improving the accuracy of measuring the concentration of the gas.
The detection method provided by the document can be used for measuring the concentration of hydrogen and methane in the natural gas, is favorable for accurately determining the actual heat value and the actual value of the natural gas, but ignores the influence of temperature and pressure factors in a natural gas pipeline on measurement accuracy in the calculation process, and causes deviation between the calculated result and the actual value. In view of this, we propose a device and method for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on piezoelectric transducer.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
2. Technical proposal
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a device and a method for monitoring the heat value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer, which comprises a first ultrasonic generator, a first ultrasonic receiver, a second ultrasonic generator, a second ultrasonic receiver, a signal conversion module, a signal processing module and a heat value calculation module;
The first ultrasonic generator, the first ultrasonic receiver, the second ultrasonic generator and the second ultrasonic receiver are all obliquely arranged in the natural gas pipeline, and the distance from the first ultrasonic generator to the first ultrasonic receiver is equal to the distance from the second ultrasonic generator to the second ultrasonic receiver;
The first ultrasonic generator is coupled with the first ultrasonic receiver, and the transmitting end of the first ultrasonic generator faces to the natural gas flowing direction;
The second ultrasonic generator is coupled with the second ultrasonic receiver, and the transmitting end of the second ultrasonic generator faces the direction opposite to the natural gas flow;
the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the first ultrasonic generator, the first ultrasonic receiver, the second ultrasonic generator and the second ultrasonic receiver;
the signal conversion module is electrically connected with the first ultrasonic receiver, the second ultrasonic receiver, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and is used for converting physical signals into electric signals;
The signal processing module is electrically connected with the signal conversion module and is used for filtering, amplifying and removing noise from the received electric signals;
the heat value calculation module is electrically connected with the signal processing module and is used for calculating the heat value of the natural gas according to the electric signals.
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present application, the first ultrasonic generator includes a transducer housing, an acoustic impedance matching layer, a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element, a circuit board, and a backing layer.
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present application, the working frequencies of the first ultrasonic generator and the second ultrasonic generator are different.
As an alternative to the technical scheme of the application, the working frequency of the first ultrasonic generator is 200 KHz +/-5 KHz, and the working frequency of the second ultrasonic generator is 40 KHz +/-1 KHz.
As an alternative scheme of the file technical scheme, the application further comprises a heat value detection module and a communication module;
The heat value detection module is electrically connected with the heat value calculation module and is configured to acquire the hydrogen concentration in the natural gas and automatically trigger an alarm when the hydrogen concentration is abnormal;
the communication module is electrically connected with the heat value detection module and is configured to receive the data transmitted by the heat value detection module and transmit the data to the monitoring center or the cloud platform.
The method for monitoring the calorific value of the hydrogen-doped natural gas based on the piezoelectric transducer comprises the following steps of:
S1, collecting the downstream and countercurrent time of sound waves in a natural gas pipeline through a first ultrasonic receiver and a second ultrasonic receiver, and calculating the flow rate of natural gas in the pipeline:
u=(L/t1-L/t2)/2cosθ;
wherein u is the flow velocity of natural gas in the pipeline, L is the distance between the sound wave generator and the sound wave receiver, L=D/sin theta, D is the inner diameter of the pipeline, theta is the included angle between the ultrasonic pulse direction and the natural gas flow velocity, t 1 is the forward flow time of the sound wave in the pipeline, and t 2 is the countercurrent flow time of the sound wave in the pipeline;
S2, acquiring the temperature and the pressure in the first ultrasonic generator, the first ultrasonic receiver, the second ultrasonic generator and the second ultrasonic receiver, and correcting the flow rate of the natural gas in the pipeline;
U=λu;
Wherein U is the flow rate of natural gas in the corrected pipeline, lambda is a correction coefficient, and the correction coefficient depends on the temperature and pressure in the first ultrasonic generator, the first ultrasonic receiver, the second ultrasonic generator and the second ultrasonic receiver;
s3, calculating the sound velocity of the sound wave in the static natural gas by using the flow velocity of the natural gas in the corrected pipeline:
;
wherein c is the sound velocity of the sound wave in the static natural gas;
S4, according to the relation among sound velocity, concentration, specific heat capacity and molecular weight, the concentration of hydrogen and methane in the natural gas is calculated:
c2=rmixRT0/Mmix;
rmix=(ρacpa+ρbcpb)/ (ρacva+ρbcvb);
Mmix=ρaMa+ρbMb;
;
Wherein R is a general gas constant, T 0 is the temperature of natural gas in a pipeline under a standard working condition, ρ a is the percentage concentration of hydrogen in the natural gas, ρ b is the percentage concentration of methane in the natural gas, R mix is the specific heat ratio of the natural gas, c pa、cva and M a are the specific heat of constant pressure, specific heat of constant volume and molecular weight of hydrogen respectively, and c pb、cvb and M b are the specific heat of constant pressure, specific heat of constant volume and molecular weight of methane respectively;
s5, calculating the heat value of the unit volume of the natural gas according to the concentration of the hydrogen and the methane in the natural gas:
K=qaρa+ qbρb:
where q a is the heating value of hydrogen and q b is the heating value of methane.
As an alternative to the file technical solution of the present application, in S2, the correction coefficient is calculated using the following formula:
;
Wherein alpha and beta are constants, T i、Pi is the temperature and pressure measured by each transducer, and T, P is the temperature and pressure of the gas under standard working conditions.
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present application, the method further includes:
s6, calculating the heat value of the natural gas flowing through the pipeline by adopting an integration method.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, the time difference of forward flow and reverse flow of the sound waves in the natural gas pipeline is collected, the sound velocity of the sound waves in the natural gas is calculated by using the time difference, the concentration of hydrogen and methane in the natural gas is calculated, and then the heat value of the natural gas in unit volume is calculated.
2) According to the invention, the working temperature and the working pressure of the transducer assembly are collected, the calculated flow rate of the natural gas in the pipeline is corrected, the measurement precision is increased, the temperature and pressure change is avoided, and the adverse effect on the calculation precision of the heat value of the natural gas is caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of a piezoelectric transducer-based hydrogen-doped natural gas heating value monitoring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transducer structure of a piezoelectric transducer-based monitoring device for the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-loaded natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer;
the ultrasonic transducer comprises a first ultrasonic generator, a first ultrasonic receiver, a second ultrasonic generator, a second ultrasonic receiver, a transducer housing, an acoustic impedance matching layer, a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element, a circuit board, a backing layer and a circuit board, wherein the first ultrasonic generator, the second ultrasonic generator, the transducer housing, the acoustic impedance matching layer, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element, the circuit board and the backing layer are respectively arranged in the figure 1, the first ultrasonic generator, the second ultrasonic generator, the transducer housing, the acoustic impedance matching layer and the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
The invention provides a piezoelectric transducer-based monitoring device for the heat value of hydrogen-doped natural gas, which comprises a first ultrasonic generator 1, a first ultrasonic receiver 2, a second ultrasonic generator 3, a second ultrasonic receiver 4, a signal conversion module, a signal processing module, a heat value calculation module, a heat value detection module and a communication module, wherein the first ultrasonic generator is connected with the first ultrasonic receiver 2;
As shown in fig. 1, the first ultrasonic generator 1, the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the second ultrasonic generator 3 and the second ultrasonic receiver 4 are all obliquely arranged in the natural gas pipeline, and the distance from the first ultrasonic generator 1 to the first ultrasonic receiver 2 is equal to the distance from the second ultrasonic generator 3 to the second ultrasonic receiver 4;
The first ultrasonic generator 1 is coupled with the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the transmitting end of the first ultrasonic generator 1 faces the natural gas flowing direction, the second ultrasonic generator 3 is coupled with the second ultrasonic receiver 4, the transmitting end of the second ultrasonic generator 3 faces the direction opposite to the natural gas flowing direction, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the first ultrasonic generator 1 is received by the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the second ultrasonic generator 3 is received by the second ultrasonic receiver 4, and therefore the time of forward flow and reverse flow of the sound wave in the natural gas pipeline is measured and used for calculating the heat value of the natural gas subsequently.
The working states of the ultrasonic generator and the receiver are detected by the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and the working states are used for correcting the time difference between forward flow and backward flow of sound waves in the natural gas pipeline.
The system comprises a first ultrasonic receiver 2, a second ultrasonic receiver 4, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a signal processing module, a heat value calculating module, a communication module and a cloud platform, wherein the signal converting module is electrically connected with the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the second ultrasonic receiver 4, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and used for converting a physical signal into an electric signal, the signal processing module is electrically connected with the signal converting module and used for filtering, amplifying and removing noise from the received electric signal, the heat value calculating module is electrically connected with the signal processing module and used for calculating the heat value of natural gas according to the electric signal, the heat value detecting module is electrically connected with the heat value calculating module and is configured to acquire the concentration of hydrogen in the natural gas and automatically trigger an alarm when the concentration of the hydrogen is abnormal, and the communication module is electrically connected with the heat value detecting module and is configured to receive data transmitted by the heat value detecting module and transmit the data to the monitoring center or the cloud platform.
As shown in fig. 2, the first ultrasonic generator 1 includes a transducer housing 101, an acoustic impedance matching layer 102, a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element 103, a circuit board 104, and a backing layer 105, and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are mounted in the transducer housing 101, and the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the second ultrasonic generator 3, and the second ultrasonic receiver 4 are each configured in the same manner as the first ultrasonic generator 1. The transducer housing 101 serves to protect the internal core components, provide structural support, and enhance signal transmission. The acoustic impedance matching layer 102 is optimized by using a composite material, abrupt changes of sound waves at interfaces are reduced through continuous changes of the internal structural design of the acoustic impedance matching layer, so that smooth transition of different media is realized, reflection is reduced, transmissivity of the matching layer is increased, and the acoustic energy radiated into the probe by the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element 103 due to vibration is absorbed by using the backing layer 105, so that interference caused by reflection of the acoustic energy back to the piezoelectric element is prevented.
The piezoelectric ceramic parameters used for the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic element 103 are shown in table one.
TABLE one parameters of piezoelectric ceramics PSnN-5
The choice of the operating frequency of the sonotrode directly influences the measurement accuracy. The low frequency sound wave has smaller energy loss in the propagation process, which enables the sound wave to propagate farther in water or air, while the high frequency sound wave has better directivity and resolution, but at the same time, the attenuation is faster. Therefore, the reasonable choice of the operating frequency of the transducer is critical to improving measurement accuracy. In order to avoid interference between different ultrasonic generators and receivers, the ultrasonic generators and the receivers with different working frequencies are needed, and in combination with practical application, the working frequencies of the first ultrasonic generator 1 and the first ultrasonic receiver 2 used in the invention are 200 KHz +/-5 KHz, and the working frequencies of the second ultrasonic generator 3 and the second ultrasonic receiver 4 are 40 KHz +/-1 KHz.
Example 2:
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer, which is applied to the device for monitoring the heating value of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on a piezoelectric transducer described in embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting the forward flow and reverse flow time of sound waves in a natural gas pipeline through a first ultrasonic receiver 2 and a second ultrasonic receiver 4, and calculating the flow velocity of the natural gas in the pipeline;
u=(L/t1-L/t2)/2cosθ;
wherein u is the flow velocity of natural gas in the pipeline, L is the distance between the sound wave generator and the sound wave receiver, L=D/sin theta, D is the inner diameter of the pipeline, theta is the included angle between the ultrasonic pulse direction and the natural gas flow velocity, t 1 is the forward flow time of the sound wave in the pipeline, and t 2 is the countercurrent flow time of the sound wave in the pipeline;
S2, collecting the temperature and the pressure in the first ultrasonic generator 1, the first ultrasonic receiver 2, the second ultrasonic generator 3 and the second ultrasonic receiver 4, and correcting the flow rate of natural gas in the pipeline;
U=λu;
;
wherein alpha and beta are constants, ti and Pi are temperatures and pressures measured by each transducer, T, P is the temperature and pressure of gas under standard working conditions, and 273.15K and 101 KPa are respectively taken;
s3, calculating the sound velocity of the sound wave in the static natural gas by using the flow velocity of the natural gas in the corrected pipeline:
;
wherein c is the sound velocity of the sound wave in the static natural gas;
S4, according to the physical relationship among sound velocity, concentration, specific heat capacity and molecular weight, the concentration of hydrogen and methane in the natural gas is calculated:
c2=rmixRT0/Mmix;
rmix=(ρacpa+ρbcpb)/ (ρacva+ρbcvb);
Mmix=ρaMa+ρbMb;
;
Wherein c is the flow rate of sound waves in a static natural gas pipeline, R is a general gas constant, T 0 is the temperature of natural gas in the pipeline under a standard working condition, ρ a is the percentage concentration of hydrogen in the natural gas, ρ b is the percentage concentration of methane in the natural gas, R mix is the specific heat ratio of the natural gas, c pa、cva and M a are the specific heat of constant pressure, specific heat of constant volume and molecular weight of hydrogen respectively, and c pb、cvb and M b are the specific heat of constant pressure, specific heat of constant volume and molecular weight of methane respectively;
s5, calculating the heat value of the unit volume of the natural gas according to the concentration of the hydrogen and the methane in the natural gas:
K=qaρa+ qbρb:
wherein q a is the heating value of hydrogen and q b is the heating value of methane;
s6, calculating the heat value of the natural gas flowing through the pipeline by adopting an integration method.
When acoustic waves travel downstream and upstream within a natural gas pipeline, the following relationship exists:
t1=L/(c+ucosθ);
t2=L/(c-ucosθ);
L=D/sinθ;
the formula for calculating the flow velocity of the natural gas in the pipeline in S1 can be obtained according to the deformation;
u=(L/t1-L/t2)/2cosθ;
The change in temperature and pressure affects the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid because the speed of sound is directly related to the temperature and density of the medium. In order to avoid the difference of measurement accuracy caused by different working conditions, the measured flow rate of the natural gas in the pipeline needs to be corrected in the step S2.
The model of the pressure sensor adopted in the application is WF5803F, the model of the temperature sensor is CWD200, alpha and beta are respectively 0.98 and 1.01, the method is adopted to measure the flow rate of natural gas under different pressures, temperatures and flow rates in the pipeline, and the measurement results are shown in Table II:
meter two, natural gas flow Rate Meter
Because the sound wave propagates fast in the static natural gas, the time obtained by measurement is short, and therefore, the flow velocity of the sound wave in the static natural gas is calculated in the S3 by adopting a reverse and forward time difference mode, so that errors caused by partial temperature and pressure differences are eliminated.
And finally, according to the heat value and the natural gas flow rate of the natural gas in unit volume, the heat value of the natural gas flowing through the natural gas pipeline is calculated by adopting an integration method and is used as a pricing reference, so that the rationality of natural gas charging is increased.
Claims (6)
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| CN118347534A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-07-16 | 西克工程有限公司 | Measuring device and method for measuring the energy flow rate delivered by a liquefied natural gas flow |
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| CN103454344B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-08-13 | 武汉四方光电科技有限公司 | Device and method for simultaneously measuring components and flow of methane |
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| CN117367510A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-09 | 肇庆奥迪威传感科技有限公司 | Double-frequency gas concentration and flow testing method |
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