CN118950985B - One-step forming method for ultra-large copper-aluminum alloy busbar - Google Patents
One-step forming method for ultra-large copper-aluminum alloy busbar Download PDFInfo
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- CN118950985B CN118950985B CN202411437596.1A CN202411437596A CN118950985B CN 118950985 B CN118950985 B CN 118950985B CN 202411437596 A CN202411437596 A CN 202411437596A CN 118950985 B CN118950985 B CN 118950985B
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- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0677—Accessories therefor for guiding, supporting or tensioning the casting belts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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- H01B5/02—Single bars, rods, wires, or strips
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Abstract
The application discloses a one-step forming method of an oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar, and relates to the technical field of copper-aluminum composite eutectic plate production. Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy busbar with the copper coated on the two sides of the end part is designed, the copper-aluminum eutectic structure is arranged at the two ends of the busbar simultaneously by the end part copper coating technology, the mechanical property and the oxidation resistance of the copper-aluminum composite busbar are greatly improved, the problem that the prior equipment cannot produce a large-size copper-aluminum eutectic composite material is solved by the one-step solid-liquid continuous casting and rolling forming technology, and the copper-aluminum bonding surface has no gap due to the one-step solid-liquid continuous casting and rolling forming, so that the possibility of electrochemical corrosion is avoided, the peel strength of the bonding surface is high, the copper layers and the aluminum layers are not easy to separate, the performance is better, the reliability of the copper-aluminum eutectic busbar is improved, the connection performance of the busbar is also improved, and the conductivity and the mechanical property are far better than those of the traditional welded copper-aluminum composite busbar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper-aluminum composite eutectic plate production, in particular to one-step molding production technology of an ultra-long end double-sided copper-aluminum alloy busbar.
Background
For a large-sized oversized transformer, a generator or a starter, the required length of an internal bus bar is more than 3 meters, the existing casting and rolling process is limited to the size of a casting roller, only bus bars with the length of less than 1.75 meters can be directly produced, and for an ultra-long bus bar, two or more small-size bus bars can be connected by adopting a welding method to be compounded. However, the bus bar needs to pass through large current for a long time in the use process, and the composite bus bar can be broken or cracked after long-time use due to material difference and welding quality at the welding seam, so that serious potential safety hazard and immeasurable economic loss can be brought once the situation occurs. Meanwhile, electromagnetic oxidation can be generated at the welding seam to be subjected to pulverization corrosion, so that the resistance is increased, the capacity of the bus bar is greatly reduced, and even the bus bar cannot be used.
Therefore, the method adopts ultra-large casting and rolling equipment to form the aluminum alloy busbar with the ultra-long end part coated with copper on two sides at one time. The one-step forming busbar is better than the welding spliced busbar and the cold-rolled extension busbar in mechanical property and new electric conduction property.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a one-step forming method of an oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar, and the copper-aluminum eutectic structure is arranged at two ends of the busbar simultaneously by adopting a copper-clad technology at the ends, so that the mechanical property and oxidation resistance of the copper-aluminum composite busbar are greatly improved, and the use amount of copper is greatly reduced. The problem that the prior equipment cannot produce large-size copper-aluminum eutectic composite materials is solved by the one-time hot rolling forming technology of the large-size roller, the joint surface of copper and aluminum has no gap due to one-time hot rolling forming, the possibility of electrochemical corrosion is eliminated, the peel strength of the joint surface is high, the copper layers and the aluminum layers are not easy to separate, the performance is better, the reliability of the copper-aluminum eutectic bus bar is improved, the connection performance of the bus bar is also improved, and the conductivity and the mechanical property are far better than those of the prior welded copper-aluminum composite bus bar.
The method comprises the following steps of A, adding raw aluminum ingots into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating to 720-750 ℃ to obtain molten aluminum, pouring the molten aluminum into a holding furnace, keeping the temperature at 720-740 ℃ and standing for 20-60 min, B, respectively uncoiling four copper strips on an uncoiler, wherein two copper strips are coiled on an upper roller of a double-roller casting and rolling device, the other two copper strips are coiled on a lower roller of the double-roller casting and rolling device, an adjustable limiting device is arranged beside the upper roller and the lower roller and used for limiting the coiling position of the copper strips, C, conducting on-line treatment equipment such as a degassing box and a filtering box for the molten aluminum after standing, and D, pouring the molten aluminum which is in the range of 705-715 ℃ to an upper gap through a casting nozzle in a static pressure state, and pouring the molten aluminum which is in the range of 705-715 ℃ to an upper gap through the casting nozzle, and cooling the copper strips at the upper and lower gaps of the upper roller, and the lower roller, and cooling the copper strips, and forming the double-copper strips at the two sides of the copper strips. And step F, placing the copper-aluminum composite plate blank coil into an annealing furnace for homogenizing annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the annealing time is 15-30 hours, and step G, then introducing the copper-aluminum composite plate blank into a slitting device for slitting according to the product size to obtain the end double-sided copper-aluminum alloy coated busbar with the required size.
In the technical scheme, the method preferably further comprises the step H of straightening and leveling the aluminum alloy busbar with the copper coated on the two sides of the end part, chamfering through chamfering equipment, and straightening and leveling again after chamfering is finished.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, each uncoiler corresponds to an adjustable limiting device in the X-axis direction of the corresponding roller, the uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device are provided with a linkage mechanism, and when the uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device displace in the Y-axis direction of the corresponding roller and displace, the uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device move by the same distance and in the same direction.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, in the step B, the adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, two sides of the limiting roller are provided with adjustable baffles, the copper strips pass through the adjustable baffles, then the copper strips are oppositely wound on the upper roller in the casting and rolling direction, and meanwhile, each copper strip is matched with a tensioning roller and a compacting roller, so that the moving speeds of four copper strips are consistent, and the copper strips are tightly attached to the roller after entering the hot rolling area.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, in the step B, a heating roller matched with the copper strip is further arranged on one side of the casting nozzle, and the heating roller heats the copper strip to a temperature between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, in the step B, the adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, two sides of the limiting roller are provided with adjustable baffles, the copper strips pass through the adjustable baffles, then the copper strips are wound on the roller in the same direction from the casting and rolling direction, meanwhile, each copper strip is matched with a compression heating roller, and the compression heating roller heats the copper strips to 100-150 ℃ and enables the copper strips to be tightly attached to the roller after entering the solid-liquid casting and rolling area.
In the above technical solution, preferably, in the step E, the cooling rate is 300 ℃ per second to 1000 ℃ per second.
In the above technical scheme, it is preferable that the rolling and cooling are performed only in the solid-liquid casting and rolling region.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, after casting and rolling in the step E, the copper-aluminum composite slab coil is cold rolled to the required thickness according to the requirement.
An ultra-large copper-aluminum alloy busbar is manufactured and produced by a one-step forming method of the ultra-large copper-aluminum alloy busbar.
Compared with the prior art, the end copper-clad aluminum alloy busbar has two substantial characteristics, namely the end copper-clad technology greatly reduces the use amount of copper under the condition that the conductivity is not reduced in the same size compared with the prior two-sided copper-clad busbar. Secondly, the large-size production technology is superior to the existing welding composite busbar in that the busbar formed by one-time hot rolling is far superior to the welding composite busbar in both conductivity and mechanical property.
The application adopts a double-roller casting and rolling device with the roller width exceeding 3.2m, preferably with the roller width of 3.5 m.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the application overcomes a plurality of technical difficulties.
Firstly, when copper is coated on both sides or on one side, the casting nozzle only needs to statically inject aluminum liquid onto the copper plates or between the two copper plates, the whole injection width is uniform, and continuous hot rolling production can be realized as long as the copper plate conveying speed, the hot rolling speed and the injection speed are constant. The application is completely different, and the upper and lower surfaces of the end part are coated with copper, namely, the middle position is not provided with copper plates, namely, the two end parts are overflowed with aluminum liquid in the process of aluminum liquid injection. If the copper strip does not closely conform to the rolls, particularly in the upper rolls, the molten aluminum will overflow onto the copper strip that does not enter the rolls. At the same time, four copper strips are required on the two end surfaces, the speeds of the four copper strips are required to be consistent, otherwise, serious quality problems can be caused if only one copper strip has different speeds. For this purpose, the copper strip must be tightly attached to the roller, leaving room for aluminum liquid and synchronizing the winding speed of the four copper strips, for which purpose the application requires additional pinch rollers to pinch the copper strip against the roller.
Secondly, because the width of the roller exceeds 3.2m and the width of the matched uncoiler is insufficient, each copper strip needs to be provided with one uncoiler, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the copper strip have 4 uncoilers. Because the uncoiling machine is arranged in a dispersed way, the position of the copper strip wound on the roller from the uncoiling machine is very important, and therefore, the copper strip winding machine needs to be positioned before the copper strip is wound on the roller. Meanwhile, in order to prevent offset, the X-axis directions of the limit roller and the uncoiler are consistent, so that the copper strip can be ensured to have no inclination angle.
The copper strip is a copper-aluminum eutectic bus bar, a cooling device is arranged in the roller when the roller is used for carrying out copper-aluminum hot rolling, copper-aluminum alloy can be cooled, smaller crystal grains can be formed, the material strength is improved, if the temperature of copper is 150-220 ℃ during copper-aluminum hot rolling, enough energy can be obtained for migration in a short time under a high-temperature state by copper atoms, a thicker copper-aluminum eutectic layer is formed, and therefore the bonding strength of a copper-aluminum composite interface is effectively improved. However, it has been stated above that the copper strip needs to be tightly fitted to the rolls, with cooling means in the rolls, if the copper strip is preheated before passing through the rolls, it is already desuperheated before entering the hot rolling zone, for which reason it is necessary to heat the copper strip before entering the hot rolling zone. The application provides two structures, one is how the copper strip positively enters the hot rolling area to be compressed and heated, and the other is how the copper strip negatively enters the hot rolling area to be compressed and heated. The copper strips are changed from the copper strips in the prior art, namely, gaps are formed between the two copper strips, so that the influence on a casting nozzle and a blank body is greatly reduced due to the fact that the copper strips enter and exit.
Fourthly, the application needs to improve the cooling system of the roller. The original cooling system of the roller is uniformly distributed in the roller, namely the cooling rate of the roller surface is consistent, but the application needs the copper strip to be heated before hot rolling, which is the cooling system of the roller to be improved, so that the cooling rate of the roller in a hot rolling area is maximized, the cooling capacity of other areas is reduced, and the copper strip is insulated to the greatest extent.
Compared with the prior art, the application designs the aluminum alloy busbar with the copper coated on both sides of the end part, and the copper-aluminum eutectic structure is arranged at both ends of the busbar by the copper coated technology of the end part, so that the mechanical property and oxidation resistance of the copper-aluminum composite busbar are greatly improved, and the use amount of copper is greatly reduced. The problem that the prior equipment cannot produce large-size copper-aluminum eutectic composite materials is solved by the one-time hot rolling forming technology of the large-size roller, the joint surface of copper and aluminum has no gap due to one-time hot rolling forming, the possibility of electrochemical corrosion is eliminated, the peel strength of the joint surface is high, the copper layers and the aluminum layers are not easy to separate, the performance is better, the reliability of the copper-aluminum eutectic bus bar is improved, the connection performance of the bus bar is also improved, and the conductivity and the mechanical property are far better than those of the prior welded copper-aluminum composite bus bar.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without the need for inventive faculty, are within the scope of the invention, based on the embodiments described in the present invention.
Example 1A 3m long 10mm thick end double sided copper clad aluminum busbar was produced with a single piece of copper 20cm long and 1.5mm thick. A twin roll casting and rolling apparatus having a roll width of 3.5m was used.
The method comprises the following steps of A, adding a raw material aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating to 720-750 ℃ to obtain molten aluminum liquid, pouring the molten aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, controlling the temperature to 720-740 ℃, keeping the heat for 20-60 min, wherein the raw material aluminum ingot is an aluminum material with the types of 1G20, 1050, 1060 and 1100, the aluminum content is more than 99.2%, or is a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot, the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot comprises 0.015-0.05% Ce cerium, 0.015-0.05% La lanthanum, 0.05-0.25% Si silicon, 0.015-0.05% Zn zinc, 0.025-0.10% Cu copper, 0.10-0.50% Fe, 0.015-0.035% Ti and 0.035% B boron, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. The thickness was 16mm.
And B, respectively uncoiling four copper strips on an uncoiler, wherein two copper strips are coiled on an upper roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, the other two copper strips are coiled on a lower roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, and adjustable limiting devices are arranged beside the upper roller and the lower roller and used for limiting the coiling position of the copper strips. Each uncoiler corresponds to an adjustable limiting device in the X-axis direction of the corresponding roller, each uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device are provided with a linkage mechanism, and when the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices displace in the Y-axis direction of the corresponding roller and displace, the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices move by the same distance and in the same direction. The adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, two sides of the limiting roller are provided with adjustable baffles, and the copper strip passes through the adjustable baffles, so that the uncoiler, the limiting roller and the copper strip are ensured to be on the same straight line. The copper tape is T2 copper or brass. The copper strip is firstly washed under high pressure before being uncoiled, solid impurities on the surface of the copper strip are rapidly removed, then washed under low pressure, washing liquid is alkaline degreasing liquid at 50 ℃, degreasing treatment is carried out, grease on the surface of the copper strip is removed, finally an oxide layer on the surface of the copper strip is polished through steel brush equipment, the roughening degree of the surface of the copper strip can be improved after polishing, the copper-aluminum composite area is increased, and then the bonding capability of a composite material can be enhanced.
And C, carrying out on-line treatment equipment such as a degassing box, a filtering box and the like on the aluminum liquid subjected to heat preservation and standing, degassing and filtering. The inner roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment has a cooling function, and the roller is cooled only in a hot rolling area, and is not in the hot rolling area, so that the heat preservation of the copper strip is facilitated.
And D, respectively oppositely winding the four copper strips from the injection direction of the casting nozzle, simultaneously, matching each copper strip with a tensioning roller and a compacting roller, adjusting the speed of the copper strips through the tensioning roller and the compacting roller, ensuring that the speeds of the four copper strips are consistent with each other, and simultaneously, ensuring that the copper strips are tightly attached to the rollers when entering a hot rolling area. A heating roller is arranged on one side of the casting nozzle, a heating roller is usually arranged on one copper strip, the heating roller is close to a hot rolling area, the heating roller heats the copper strip to 150 ℃, aluminum liquid at a temperature of 710 ℃ is injected into a gap between an upper roller and a lower roller through the casting nozzle, the injection width is the sum of the widths of the copper strips on two sides of the roller and the distance between the two rollers. The cooling rate was 300℃/s. The cooling liquid in the upper and lower rolls was water, which was kept at 20 ℃ in the upper and lower rolls. When the casting nozzle is used for injecting the aluminum liquid, the aluminum liquid is rapidly cooled and solidified after contacting with the roller, and is rapidly cooled after contacting with the copper strip, the aluminum liquid and the upper and lower copper strips are contacted and crystallized in a casting rolling area, and heat is brought out by cooling water circulating in the roller. After casting and rolling, the copper-aluminum composite slab coil is cold rolled to the required thickness according to the requirement.
And F, putting the copper-aluminum composite slab into an annealing furnace for homogenizing annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 15h. And G, then, introducing the copper-aluminum composite board into a slitting device, and performing blocking to reduce the difficulty of slitting before slitting, and performing slitting according to the product size to obtain the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar with the required size. And H, straightening and leveling the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar, chamfering through chamfering equipment, and straightening and leveling again after chamfering is finished.
Example 2A 2.8m long 8mm thick end double sided copper clad aluminum busbar was produced with a single piece of copper 20cm long and 1.5mm thick. A twin roll casting and rolling apparatus having a roll width of 3.5m was used.
The method comprises the following steps of A, adding a raw material aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating to 720-750 ℃ to obtain molten aluminum liquid, pouring the molten aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, controlling the temperature to 720-740 ℃, keeping the heat for 20-60 min, wherein the raw material aluminum ingot is an aluminum material with the types of 1G20, 1050, 1060 and 1100, the aluminum content is more than 99.2%, or is a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot, the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot comprises 0.015-0.05% Ce cerium, 0.015-0.05% La lanthanum, 0.05-0.25% Si silicon, 0.015-0.05% Zn zinc, 0.025-0.10% Cu copper, 0.10-0.50% Fe, 0.015-0.035% Ti and 0.035% B boron, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. The thickness was 16mm.
And B, respectively uncoiling four copper strips on an uncoiler, wherein two copper strips are coiled on an upper roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, the other two copper strips are coiled on a lower roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, and adjustable limiting devices are arranged beside the upper roller and the lower roller and used for limiting the coiling position of the copper strips. Each uncoiler corresponds to an adjustable limiting device in the X-axis direction of the corresponding roller, each uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device are provided with a linkage mechanism, and when the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices displace in the Y-axis direction of the corresponding roller and displace, the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices move by the same distance and in the same direction. The adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, two sides of the limiting roller are provided with adjustable baffles, and the copper strip passes through the adjustable baffles, so that the uncoiler, the limiting roller and the copper strip are ensured to be on the same straight line. The copper tape is T2 copper or brass. The copper strip is firstly washed under high pressure before being uncoiled, solid impurities on the surface of the copper strip are rapidly removed, then washed under low pressure, washing liquid is alkaline degreasing liquid at 50 ℃, degreasing treatment is carried out, grease on the surface of the copper strip is removed, finally an oxide layer on the surface of the copper strip is polished through steel brush equipment, the roughening degree of the surface of the copper strip can be improved after polishing, the copper-aluminum composite area is increased, and then the bonding capability of a composite material can be enhanced.
And C, carrying out on-line treatment equipment such as a degassing box, a filtering box and the like on the aluminum liquid subjected to heat preservation and standing, degassing and filtering. The inner roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment has a cooling function, and the roller is cooled only in a hot rolling area, and is not in the hot rolling area, so that the heat preservation of the copper strip is facilitated.
And D, winding the upper rollers in the same direction from the injection direction of the casting nozzle respectively, wherein each copper strip is matched with a compression heating roller, the compression heating rollers heat the copper strip to 150 ℃ and enable the copper strip to be tightly attached to the rollers after entering a hot rolling area, and meanwhile, the speeds of the rollers of the four copper strips are ensured to be consistent. And E, cooling the molten aluminum liquid and the copper strip by the upper roller and the lower roller and performing solid-liquid casting rolling to form a copper-aluminum composite slab roll with copper coated on both sides of the end part, and simultaneously cooling the copper-aluminum composite slab by the upper roller and the lower roller. The cooling rate was 300℃/s. The cooling liquid in the upper and lower rolls was water, which was kept at 20 ℃ in the upper and lower rolls. When the casting nozzle is used for injecting the aluminum liquid, the aluminum liquid is rapidly cooled and solidified after contacting with the roller, and is rapidly cooled after contacting with the copper strip, the aluminum liquid and the upper and lower copper strips are contacted and crystallized in a casting rolling area, and heat is brought out by cooling water circulating in the roller. After casting and rolling, the copper-aluminum composite slab coil is cold rolled to the required thickness according to the requirement.
And F, putting the copper-aluminum composite slab into an annealing furnace for homogenizing annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 15h. And G, then, introducing the copper-aluminum composite board into a slitting device, and performing blocking to reduce the difficulty of slitting before slitting, and performing slitting according to the product size to obtain the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar with the required size. And H, straightening and leveling the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar, chamfering through chamfering equipment, and straightening and leveling again after chamfering is finished.
Example 3 production of a 3.2m long 6mm thick end double sided copper clad aluminum busbar with a monolithic copper length of 20cm and thickness of 1mm. A twin roll casting and rolling apparatus having a roll width of 3.5m was used.
The method comprises the following steps of A, adding a raw material aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment, heating to 720-750 ℃ to obtain molten aluminum liquid, pouring the molten aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, controlling the temperature to 720-740 ℃, keeping the heat for 20-60 min, wherein the raw material aluminum ingot is an aluminum material with the types of 1G20, 1050, 1060 and 1100, the aluminum content is more than 99.2%, or is a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot, the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy aluminum ingot comprises 0.015-0.05% Ce cerium, 0.015-0.05% La lanthanum, 0.05-0.25% Si silicon, 0.015-0.05% Zn zinc, 0.025-0.10% Cu copper, 0.10-0.50% Fe, 0.015-0.035% Ti and 0.035% B boron, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. The thickness was 16mm.
And B, respectively uncoiling four copper strips on an uncoiler, wherein two copper strips are coiled on an upper roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, the other two copper strips are coiled on a lower roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment, and adjustable limiting devices are arranged beside the upper roller and the lower roller and used for limiting the coiling position of the copper strips. Each uncoiler corresponds to an adjustable limiting device in the X-axis direction of the corresponding roller, each uncoiler and the corresponding adjustable limiting device are provided with a linkage mechanism, and when the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices displace in the Y-axis direction of the corresponding roller and displace, the uncoilers and the corresponding adjustable limiting devices move by the same distance and in the same direction. The adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, two sides of the limiting roller are provided with adjustable baffles, and the copper strip passes through the adjustable baffles, so that the uncoiler, the limiting roller and the copper strip are ensured to be on the same straight line. The copper tape is T2 copper or brass. The copper strip is firstly washed under high pressure before being uncoiled, solid impurities on the surface of the copper strip are rapidly removed, then washed under low pressure, washing liquid is alkaline degreasing liquid at 50 ℃, degreasing treatment is carried out, grease on the surface of the copper strip is removed, finally an oxide layer on the surface of the copper strip is polished through steel brush equipment, the roughening degree of the surface of the copper strip can be improved after polishing, the copper-aluminum composite area is increased, and then the bonding capability of a composite material can be enhanced.
And C, carrying out on-line treatment equipment such as a degassing box, a filtering box and the like on the aluminum liquid subjected to heat preservation and standing, degassing and filtering. The inner roller of the double-roller casting and rolling equipment has a cooling function, and the roller is cooled only in a hot rolling area, and is not in the hot rolling area, so that the heat preservation of the copper strip is facilitated.
And D, respectively oppositely winding upper rollers in the injection direction of the casting nozzle from two copper strips covered on the aluminum alloy, wherein the two copper strips are matched with a tensioning roller and a compacting roller, the speed of the copper strips is regulated through the tensioning roller and the compacting roller, and the compacting roller ensures that the copper strips are tightly attached to the rollers when entering a hot rolling area. There is also a heated roll on the side of the nozzle, typically a strip of copper is provided with a heated roll near the hot rolling zone, which heats the strip to 150 ℃. The other two copper strips covered below the aluminum alloy are respectively wound on the upper roller in the same direction from the injection direction of the casting nozzle, each copper strip is matched with a compression heating roller, the compression heating rollers heat the copper strips to 150 ℃ and enable the copper strips to be tightly attached to the rollers after entering the hot rolling area, and meanwhile, the speed of the four copper strip winding rollers is guaranteed to be consistent. And E, cooling the molten aluminum liquid and the copper strip by the upper roller and the lower roller and performing solid-liquid casting rolling to form a copper-aluminum composite slab roll with copper coated on both sides of the end part, and simultaneously cooling the copper-aluminum composite slab by the upper roller and the lower roller. The cooling rate was 300℃/s. The cooling liquid in the upper and lower rolls was water, which was kept at 20 ℃ in the upper and lower rolls. When the casting nozzle is used for injecting the aluminum liquid, the aluminum liquid is rapidly cooled and solidified after contacting with the roller, and is rapidly cooled after contacting with the copper strip, the aluminum liquid and the upper and lower copper strips are contacted and crystallized in a casting rolling area, and heat is brought out by cooling water circulating in the roller. After casting and rolling, the copper-aluminum composite slab coil is cold rolled to the required thickness according to the requirement.
And F, putting the copper-aluminum composite slab into an annealing furnace for homogenizing annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 400 ℃, and the annealing time is 15h. And G, then, introducing the copper-aluminum composite board into a slitting device, and performing blocking to reduce the difficulty of slitting before slitting, and performing slitting according to the product size to obtain the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar with the required size. And H, straightening and leveling the copper-aluminum eutectic transition busbar, chamfering through chamfering equipment, and straightening and leveling again after chamfering is finished.
In examples 1 to 3, when the base body is a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy, the tensile strength is not less than 150MPa and the elongation is about 14.0% in a humidity environment of 68% at 25 ℃. The conductivity is more than or equal to 60.6 percent IACS at 20 ℃, and the resistance is less than 0.0283 Ω & mm 2/m.
Claims (10)
1. A one-step forming method of an oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar is characterized by adopting double-roller casting and rolling equipment with the roller width exceeding 3.2m, and comprises the following steps:
step A, adding a raw material aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace for smelting treatment to obtain molten aluminum liquid;
Respectively uncoiling four copper strips on uncoilers, wherein two copper strips are clung to an upper roller of a double-roller casting and rolling device, and the other two copper strips are clung to a lower roller of the double-roller casting and rolling device, and an adjustable limiting device is arranged beside the upper roller and the lower roller and used for limiting the coiling position of the copper strips;
step C, carrying out on-line treatment equipment such as a degassing box, a filtering box and the like on the aluminum liquid subjected to heat preservation and standing, degassing and filtering;
Step D, injecting aluminum liquid static pressure at the temperature range of 705-715 ℃ into the gap between the upper roller and the lower roller through the casting nozzle, wherein the injection width is the sum of the width of the copper strips at the two sides of the roller and the distance between the copper strips, and the gap between the upper roller and the lower roller is a solid-liquid casting area;
step E, cooling molten aluminum liquid and copper strips by upper and lower rollers and performing solid-liquid cast rolling to form a copper-aluminum composite slab roll with copper coated on both sides of the end part;
F, placing the copper-aluminum composite slab coil into an annealing furnace for homogenizing annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the annealing time is 15-30 hours;
and G, introducing the copper-aluminum composite slab into a slitting device, and slitting according to the product size to obtain the end double-sided copper-aluminum alloy busbar with the required size.
2. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar according to claim 1, further comprising the step of straightening and leveling the aluminum alloy busbar with the copper coated on both sides of the end, chamfering the busbar by chamfering equipment, and straightening and leveling the busbar again after chamfering.
3. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, adjustable baffles are arranged on two sides of the limiting roller, copper strips pass through the adjustable baffles, then the copper strips are oppositely wound on the upper roller from the casting and rolling direction, and meanwhile each copper strip is matched with a tensioning roller and a compacting roller, so that the moving speed of four copper strips is consistent, and the copper strips are tightly attached to the roller after entering a hot rolling area.
4. The one-step molding method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar as set forth in claim 3, wherein in the step B, a heating roller matched with the copper strip is further arranged on one side of the casting nozzle, and the heating roller heats the copper strip to a temperature of between 100 and 150 ℃.
5. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the adjustable limiting device is a limiting roller, adjustable baffles are arranged on two sides of the limiting roller, copper strips pass through the adjustable baffles, then the copper strips are wound on the upper roller in the same direction from the casting rolling direction, meanwhile, each copper strip is matched with a compaction heating roller, the compaction heating roller heats the copper strips to a temperature of between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ and the copper strips are tightly attached to the roller after entering a solid-liquid casting rolling area.
6. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar of claim 1, wherein in the step A, molten aluminum is obtained by heating to 720-750 ℃.
7. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar of claim 1, wherein after casting and rolling in the step F, the copper-aluminum composite slab coil is cold rolled to a required thickness according to requirements.
8. The one-step molding method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the aluminum liquid is kept in a heat preservation furnace, the heat preservation temperature is controlled to be 720-740 ℃, and then the aluminum liquid is kept stand for 20-60 min.
9. The one-step forming method of the oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar according to claim 1, wherein in the step F, the annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the annealing time is 15-30 hours.
10. An oversized copper-aluminum alloy busbar which is manufactured by the one-step molding method of any of claims 1 to 9.
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