CN118926341A - A device and method for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal material - Google Patents
A device and method for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN118926341A CN118926341A CN202410987268.2A CN202410987268A CN118926341A CN 118926341 A CN118926341 A CN 118926341A CN 202410987268 A CN202410987268 A CN 202410987268A CN 118926341 A CN118926341 A CN 118926341A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009862 microstructural analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
- B32B2038/0048—Annealing, relaxing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明属于金属复合材料制造技术领域，具体涉及一种层状轻质高强金属材料制备装置及方法。该装置包括真空热压机及设置于真空热压机内的热挤压模具，其中热挤压模具包括上模具、中模具及下模具，中模具上设有多个热挤压腔，各热挤压腔内均设有上下布置的上模具和下模具，真空热压机通过驱动下模具和上模具进行相对运动，实现热挤压腔内单片工业纯金属板的热挤压工艺，高通量获得工业纯金属片，及实现热挤压腔内多层工业纯金属片的热挤压工艺，高通量获得层状金属试验板。本发明能有效获得粗晶和细晶交替叠加的层状金属的微观组织，进而形成宏观具有高强和塑性兼备的高强塑层状构型材料。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material manufacturing, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material. The device includes a vacuum hot press and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press, wherein the hot extrusion die includes an upper die, a middle die and a lower die, and the middle die is provided with a plurality of hot extrusion cavities, and each hot extrusion cavity is provided with an upper die and a lower die arranged up and down. The vacuum hot press drives the lower die and the upper die to perform relative movement, thereby realizing a hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate in the hot extrusion cavity, obtaining industrial pure metal sheets with high throughput, and realizing a hot extrusion process of multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets in the hot extrusion cavity, obtaining layered metal test plates with high throughput. The present invention can effectively obtain the microstructure of layered metal with coarse grains and fine grains alternately superimposed, and then form a macroscopic high-strength and plastic layered configuration material with both high strength and plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a layered light high-strength metal material.
Background
The high-strength plastic layered structure material is an emerging metal material, has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, is mainly applied to structural materials of key parts of an aerospace engine, can be used as a preformed material for superplastic forming, and is used for preparing parts of the aerospace engine, wings and shells of an ultra-high speed aircraft and the like. In the preparation process of the high-strength plastic layered structure material, metal crystal grains are flattened, crystal grain structures become fiber structures, and inter-crystal impurities also form forging streamline. The micro metal grains are flattened and strengthened, and the strength is improved in a macroscopic way. But the plasticity and toughness of such metal materials are correspondingly reduced. Therefore, a device and a method for preparing a metal material with both strength and plasticity are urgently needed, and a foundation is laid for subsequent microstructural analysis of microscopic stress and deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a layered light high-strength metal material, which can effectively obtain a microstructure of layered metal with alternately overlapped coarse crystals and fine crystals, so as to form a high-strength plastic layered configuration material with high strength and plasticity in a macroscopic manner.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a layered light high-strength metal material preparation device, which comprises a vacuum hot press and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press, wherein the hot extrusion die comprises an upper die, a middle die and a lower die, a plurality of hot extrusion cavities are arranged on the middle die, an upper die and a lower die which are arranged up and down are arranged in each hot extrusion cavity, the vacuum hot press drives the lower die and the upper die to perform relative movement, so that a hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate in the hot extrusion cavity is realized, a high-flux industrial pure metal plate is obtained, and a hot extrusion process of a multi-layer industrial pure metal plate in the hot extrusion cavity is realized, so that a layered metal test plate with high flux is obtained.
In one possible implementation manner, the hot extrusion cavity is a cylindrical hole penetrating up and down, the upper part of the cylindrical hole is a guide hole, the lower part of the cylindrical hole is a micro-clearance fit hole, the diameter of the guide hole is larger than that of the micro-clearance fit hole, and the upper port of the guide hole is provided with a large round angle of the upper port of the middle die.
In a possible implementation manner, the longitudinal section of the upper die is of a T-shaped structure comprising an upper die large cylindrical surface and an upper die small cylindrical surface, the upper part and the bottom of the upper die large cylindrical surface are respectively an upper die upper plane and an upper die middle plane, an upper die small round angle is arranged between the upper die middle plane and the upper die small cylindrical surface, and the radius of the upper die small round angle is smaller than that of the upper opening large round angle of the middle die; the small cylindrical surface of the upper die is in clearance fit with the micro clearance fit hole of the hot extrusion cavity; the bottom of the small cylindrical surface of the upper die is the lower plane of the upper die.
In one possible implementation manner, the lower die is cylindrical, and the diameters of the lower dies in the hot extrusion cavities are the same and the heights are different.
In one possible implementation manner, the vacuum hot press comprises a vacuum chamber, a stand column, a base, an upper pressure head, a lower pressure head and a lower pressure head lifting driving part, wherein the vacuum chamber is connected with the base through the stand column, the upper pressure head is arranged at the top of the inner side of the vacuum chamber, the lower pressure head lifting driving part is arranged in the base, the output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part penetrates through the bottom of the vacuum chamber and is connected with the lower pressure head, the hot extrusion die is arranged on the lower pressure head, and the lower pressure head lifting driving part drives the lower pressure head to lift, so that the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head is realized.
In one possible implementation manner, a corrugated pipe is sleeved outside the output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part, and two ends of the corrugated pipe are respectively connected with the vacuum chamber and the lower pressure head lifting driving part; the vacuum chamber is provided with a vacuum door which is provided with a quartz observation window.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a device using the layered light-weight high-strength metal material as described above, comprising the steps of:
Step S1: carrying out a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate;
Step S2: removing an oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate treated by the pre-annealing process;
step S3: under a vacuum heating environment, a vacuum hot press drives a hot extrusion die to finish a hot extrusion process of the industrial pure metal plate, and the industrial pure metal plate with the same diameter and different thicknesses is obtained in a high flux manner;
Step S4: under the vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press drives the hot extrusion die to complete the hot extrusion process of the multilayer industrial pure metal sheet, and the layered metal test plate with layered light weight and high strength characteristic is obtained at high flux.
In one possible implementation, in step S1, the annealing temperature is 500 to 800 ℃ and the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours, the pre-annealing controlling the grain size range from 10 to 200 μm.
In one possible implementation, the process of obtaining the industrial pure metal sheet by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:
step C1: placing a middle die on a lower pressing head;
Step C2: respectively placing lower dies with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die;
Step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates which have equal thickness and different diameters and are subjected to pre-annealing treatment above a lower die in each hot extrusion cavity;
Step C4: respectively introducing an upper die into each hot extrusion cavity to enable the upper die to be in contact with an upper pressure head;
Step C5: establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber, and heating in vacuum;
step C6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part drives the lower pressure head to lift and pressurize until the middle die and the upper die are positioned and stopped, and the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, so that a plurality of industrial pure metal sheets with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained.
In one possible implementation manner, the process of obtaining the layered metal test plate through vacuum hot extrusion by the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:
step D1: placing a middle die on a lower pressing head;
step D2: respectively placing lower dies with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die;
step D3: placing multi-layer industrial pure metal sheets with equal diameters and unequal thicknesses above the lower die in each hot extrusion cavity;
step D4: respectively introducing an upper die into each hot extrusion cavity to enable the upper die to be in contact with an upper pressure head;
Step D5: establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber, and heating in vacuum;
Step D6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part drives the lower pressure head to lift and pressurize until the middle die and the upper die are positioned and stopped, and the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, so that a plurality of layered metal test boards with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the preparation device and the preparation method of the layered light high-strength metal material can effectively obtain layered metal microstructures with alternately overlapped coarse grains and fine grains, and further form the high-strength plastic layered configuration material with high strength and plasticity in a macroscopic manner. The layered metal test plate with the layered interface of complete and continuous coarse crystals and fine crystals alternately overlapped is obtained by controlling the different sizes of metal crystal grains, different layer thickness parameters and different layered structures and is used for subsequent microstructural analysis of microscopic stress and deformation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a layered light high-strength metal material preparing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a layered light weight high strength metallic material manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a hot extrusion die according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state before a single industrial pure metal plate is hot extruded by a hot extrusion die according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a state of the hot extrusion die after hot extrusion of a single industrial pure metal plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a layered metal test plate obtained by hot extrusion of a multi-layered industrial pure metal sheet by a hot extrusion die according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 7 at B.
In the figure: 1-an industrial pure metal plate, 11-a first industrial pure metal plate, 12-a second industrial pure metal plate, 13-a third industrial pure metal plate, 14-a fourth industrial pure metal plate, 2-an upper die, 21-a first upper die, 22-a second upper die, 23-a third upper die, 24-a fourth upper die, 201-an upper die upper plane, 202-an upper die large cylindrical surface, 203-an upper die middle plane, 204-an upper die small round angle, 205-an upper die small cylindrical surface, 206-an upper die lower plane, 3-a middle die, 301-a guide hole, 302-a micro clearance fit hole, 303-a middle die upper end surface, 304-lower end face of a middle die, 305-upper opening large round angle of the middle die, 4-lower die, 41-first lower die, 42-second lower die, 43-third lower die, 44-fourth lower die, 401-upper end face of the lower die, 402-side face of the lower die, 403-bottom face of the lower die, 5-vacuum hot press, 501-vacuum chamber, 502-upright post, 503-base, 504-vacuum door, 505-quartz observation window, 506-upper press head, 507-lower press head, 508-bellows, 509-lower press head lifting driving part, 7-industrial pure metal sheet, 8-layered metal test plate, 801-plastic layer and 802-strength layer.
Detailed Description
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation device for a layered light high-strength metal material, which can effectively realize the microstructure of layered metal with alternately overlapped coarse grains and fine grains, so as to form a high-strength plastic layered configuration material with high strength and plasticity in a macroscopic manner. Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the layered light high-strength metal material preparation device comprises a vacuum hot press 5 and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press 5, wherein the hot extrusion die comprises an upper die 2, a middle die 3 and a lower die 4, a plurality of hot extrusion cavities are arranged on the middle die 3, an upper die 2 and a lower die 4 which are arranged up and down are arranged in each hot extrusion cavity, the vacuum hot press 5 drives the lower die 4 and the upper die 2 to perform relative movement, so that the hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate 1 in the hot extrusion cavity is realized, the industrial pure metal plate 7 is obtained at high flux, the hot extrusion process of a plurality of layers of industrial pure metal plates 7 in the hot extrusion cavity is realized, and the layered metal test plate 8 is obtained at high flux.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, a vacuum hot press 5 includes a vacuum chamber 501, a column 502, a base 503, an upper press head 507, a lower press head 507, and a lower press head lifting driving part 509, wherein the vacuum chamber 501 is connected with the base 503 through the column 502, the upper press head 507 is disposed at the top of the inner side of the vacuum chamber 501, the lower press head lifting driving part 509 is disposed in the base 503, an output end of the lower press head lifting driving part 509 penetrates through the bottom of the vacuum chamber 501 and is connected with the lower press head 507, a hot extrusion die is placed on the lower press head 507, and the lower press head lifting driving part 509 drives the lower press head 507 to lift, so as to implement a hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper press head 507 and the lower press head 507.
Further, a bellows 508 is sleeved outside the output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part 509, two ends of the bellows 508 are respectively connected with the vacuum chamber 501 and the lower pressure head lifting driving part 509, and the bellows 508 effectively seals the vacuum chamber 501; the vacuum chamber 501 is provided with a vacuum door 504, and the vacuum door 504 has a quartz observation window 505, and the hot extrusion condition in the vacuum chamber 501 is observed through the quartz observation window 505.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the hot extrusion cavity on the middle mold 3 is a cylindrical hole penetrating up and down, the upper portion of the cylindrical hole is a guiding hole 301, the lower portion is a micro-gap fit hole 302, the diameter of the guiding hole 301 is larger than that of the micro-gap fit hole 302, and the upper port of the guiding hole 301 is provided with a large round corner 305 of the upper port of the middle mold. The top and bottom of the middle mold 3 are a middle mold upper end surface 303 and a middle mold lower end surface 304, respectively.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the upper mold 2 is a T-shaped structure including an upper mold large cylindrical surface 202 and an upper mold small cylindrical surface 205, the upper portion and the bottom of the upper mold large cylindrical surface 202 are an upper mold upper plane 201 and an upper mold middle plane 203 respectively, an upper mold small round corner 204 is arranged between the upper mold middle plane 203 and the upper mold small cylindrical surface 205, and the radius of the upper mold small round corner 204 is smaller than the radius of the middle mold upper opening large round corner 305; the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper die is in clearance fit with the micro clearance fit hole 302 of the hot extrusion cavity; the bottom of the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper die is an upper die lower plane 206, and the upper die lower plane 206 is contacted with the industrial pure metal plate 1 during hot extrusion.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lower die 4 is cylindrical, the diameters of the lower dies 4 in the hot extrusion cavities are the same, and the heights of the lower dies are different, so that various forms of the extrusion space between the lower die 4 and the upper die 2 are realized, further, the industrial pure metal sheets 7 with different thicknesses are obtained through different extrusion forces, and the fiber tissues of the industrial pure metal sheets 7 are uniform.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3 to 5, the upper die 2, the middle die 3 and the lower die 4 are all made of customized graphite dies, and have compression resistance of 45±3MPa. The middle die 3 comprises m hot extrusion cavities, and the diameter of each hot extrusion cavity is D. The clearance between the guide hole 301 and the upper die small cylindrical surface 205 is 0.2mm, and the clearance between the micro clearance fit hole 302 and the upper die small cylindrical surface 205 is 0.005mm. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficult micro-gap assembly, the guide hole 301 with larger diameter and the large round angle 305 at the upper opening of the middle die are designed, the guide assembly is performed through the large round angle 305 at the upper opening of the middle die and the guide hole 301, and the assembly of the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper die and the micro-gap matching hole 302 and the assembly of the lower die 4 and the middle die 3 are easily completed. The upper dies 2 are revolution bodies, and the m upper dies 2 have the same shape. The lower die 4 is a cylinder, the number of the lower die 4 is m, the heights of the lower die 4 are different, and the lower die 4 is in clearance fit with the micro clearance fit holes 302. The heights of the m lower molds 4 are s 1、s2、s3、s4......sm, respectively. Each lower die 4 has a lower die upper end surface 401, a lower die side surface 402, and a lower die bottom surface 403. The upper end surface 401 of the lower die is in contact with the industrial pure metal plate 1, and the bottom surface 403 of the lower die is in contact with the upper surface of the lower pressing head 507. The industrial pure metal plate 1 is a titanium plate, an aluminum plate, a titanium aluminum alloy or any metal or metal alloy. The diameters of the m industrial pure metal plates 1 are d 1、d2、d3、d4......dm respectively, and the thicknesses are H.
In this embodiment, the number of hot extrusion chambers on the middle die 3 is four, and four industrially pure metal plates 1 are vacuum hot extruded at a time. The upper molds 2 are four, namely, a first upper mold 21, a second upper mold 22, a third upper mold 23 and a fourth upper mold 24. The lower molds 4 are four, namely, a first lower mold 41, a second lower mold 42, a third lower mold 43, and a fourth lower mold 44. Preferably, the vacuum hot press 5 adopts a vacuum flat plate hot press with the model of VHP5000N-2, and has the functions of temperature control, water cooling, vacuum atmosphere preparation, pressure control, displacement control and other conventional vacuum flat plate hot presses, wherein the working temperature can reach 500 ℃, and the working pressure can reach 5000N.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, four industrial pure metal plates 1 with diameters d 1、d2、d3、d4 are hot extruded by a hot extrusion die, and the thicknesses of the four industrial pure metal plates 1 are all H. Before hot extrusion, four industrial pure metal plates 1 are respectively placed above the lower dies 4 in the four hot extrusion cavities, then the upper dies 2 are led into the hot extrusion cavities, the lower plane 206 of the upper dies is contacted with the industrial pure metal plates 1, and a gap is formed between the middle plane 203 of the upper dies and the upper end surface 303 of the middle dies. The vacuum chamber 501 establishes a vacuum environment and heats. The lower pressure head lifting driving part 509 drives the lower pressure head 507 to lift, so that the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head 507 and the lower pressure head 507 is realized, at the moment, the middle plane 203 of the upper die is attached to the upper end surface 303 of the middle die, the industrial pure metal plate 1 is positioned and stopped, the industrial pure metal plate 7 is formed after superplastic deformation, the thickness of the four industrial pure metal plates 1 is changed from H to H 1、h2、h3、h4, and the diameters are changed into D. That is, macroscopically, four industrially pure metal sheets 7 are of equal diameter, different thickness; microcosmic, the fiber of the industrial pure metal sheet 7 is uniformly distributed, the crystal grains are compressed in the thickness direction, and the crystal grain sizes are different; the grain size extension varies from one grain size to another in the non-thickness direction, so that there is a difference in physical properties of each of the obtained industrially pure metal sheets 7.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, a hot extrusion die performs superposition hot extrusion of a plurality of industrial pure metal sheets 7 having equal diameters and different thicknesses. First, a plurality of industrial pure metal sheets 7 with equal diameters and different thicknesses are stacked above a lower die 4 in four hot extrusion chambers, and the fiber directions of the industrial pure metal sheets 7 are different, then an upper die 2 is introduced into the hot extrusion chambers, and an upper die lower plane 206 is contacted with the industrial pure metal sheets 7, and a gap is formed between an upper die middle plane 203 and a middle die upper end surface 303. The vacuum chamber 501 establishes a vacuum environment and heats. The lower pressure head lifting driving part 509 drives the lower pressure head 507 to lift, so as to realize the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head 507 and the lower pressure head 507, and at the moment, the middle plane 203 of the upper die is attached to the upper end surface 303 of the middle die, and the laminar metal test plate 8 with laminar light and high-strength characteristics is obtained through positioning and stopping.
Preferably, the industrial pure metal sheets 7 in each hot extrusion cavity are stacked in a thin-thick alternating manner, so that the finally obtained layered metal test plate 8 has a layered structure formed by alternately stacking plastic layers 801 and strength layers 802, wherein the plastic layers 801 are thicker, and the grains are coarse crystals and have certain toughness and plasticity; the strength layer 802 is thinner, the crystal grains are fine crystals and have certain strength, so that the preparation of the metal material with both strength and plasticity is realized, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent microstructural analysis of microscopic stress and deformation.
The preparation device of the layered light high-strength metal material provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple to operate and high in working efficiency, and can effectively obtain the microstructure of layered metal with alternately overlapped coarse crystals and fine crystals, so that the high-strength plastic layered structure material with high macroscopic strength and plasticity is formed.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing method using the layered light weight high strength metal material manufacturing apparatus in the above embodiment. Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: carrying out a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate 1;
Specifically, the annealing temperature of the pre-annealing process is 500-800 ℃, the annealing time is 1-10 hours, and the pre-annealing controls the grain size range to be 10-200 mu m, so that a coarse-grain metal plate with evenly distributed grain sizes is obtained;
Step S2: removing an oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate 1 treated by the pre-annealing process;
specifically, 5vo l.% HF solution was used to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the coarse-grain metal plate;
step S3: under a vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press 5 drives the hot extrusion die to finish the hot extrusion process of the industrial pure metal plate 1, and the industrial pure metal plates 7 with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained in a high flux manner;
Step S4: under the vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press 5 drives the hot extrusion die to finish the hot extrusion process of the multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet 7, and the layered metal test plate 8 with layered light weight and high strength characteristics is obtained in high flux.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process of obtaining the industrial pure metal sheet 7 by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:
step C1: placing the middle mold 3 on the lower press head 507;
step C2: respectively placing lower dies 4 with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die 3;
step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates 1 with equal thickness, different diameters and pre-annealing treatment above a lower die 4 in each hot extrusion cavity;
Step C4: respectively introducing an upper die 2 into each hot extrusion cavity, and enabling the upper die 2 to be in contact with an upper pressing head 507;
step C5: a vacuum atmosphere is established in the vacuum chamber 501, and vacuum heating is performed;
Specifically, the hot pressing temperature of the vacuum hot pressing process is 400-500 ℃, the pressure is 10-40 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours;
Step C6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part 509 drives the lower pressure head 507 to lift and pressurize until the middle die 3 and the upper die 2 are positioned and stopped, the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, and the industrial pure metal plate 1 is subjected to superplastic deformation, so that m industrial pure metal sheets 7 with the same diameter D and different thicknesses h are obtained.
Specifically, the process of obtaining the industrially pure metal sheet 7 by vacuum hot extrusion in the hot extrusion die is repeated n times to obtain m×n industrially pure metal sheets 7 in total.
The layering parameters of each industrial pure metal sheet 7 are controllable, the interfaces are complete and continuous coarse-grain/fine-grain layering, and the thickness of the initial pure titanium plate is changed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process of obtaining the layered metal test plate 8 by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:
Step D1: placing the middle die 3 on the lower pressing head 507, and attaching the lower end face 304 of the middle die to the upper surface of the lower pressing head 507;
step D2: respectively placing lower dies 4 with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die 3;
step D3: placing multi-layer industrial pure metal sheets 7 with equal diameters and unequal thicknesses above the lower die 4 in each hot extrusion cavity;
Step D4: respectively introducing an upper die 2 into each hot extrusion cavity, so that an upper die upper plane 201 of the upper die 2 is in contact with the lower surface of an upper pressure head 507;
step D5: a vacuum atmosphere is established in the vacuum chamber 501, and vacuum heating is performed;
Step D6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part 509 drives the lower pressure head 507 to lift and pressurize until the middle die 3 and the upper die 2 are positioned and stopped, and the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, and at the moment, the industrial pure metal sheet 7 occupies all hot extrusion cavities, so that a plurality of layered metal test boards 8 with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained.
In this embodiment, the industrial pure metal sheet 7 is made of titanium, and m×n industrial pure metal sheets 7 are made into layered titanium plates with alternately stacked coarse crystals and fine crystals by adopting a combined vacuum hot pressing process, wherein the layered titanium test plate with light weight and high strength characteristics is obtained through the regulation and control of configuration parameters such as layer thickness ratio, single layer thickness, texture and the like.
Each layer of sheet metal of the layered titanium test plate was numbered 8mn, where the letter n represents the nth controlled preannealed grain size and the letter m represents the mth sheet of one vacuum hot press.
The industrial pure metal sheet 1 is superplastic to be an industrial pure metal sheet 7, the thickness of which is changed from H to H, and the thickness of the ith industrial pure metal sheet 7 is H i, and the diameter is D, H i＝di×di ×h/D. Where H is the thickness of the industrially pure metal sheet 1, and d i is the diameter of the ith industrially pure metal sheet 1. The crystal grain height deformation ratio is also called forging ratio k i,ki＝D×D÷di÷di. For example h=2 mm, d i＝8mm、D＝30mm、hi =0.14 mm, k i =14.0625, i representing the ith flattened workpiece.
Compared with the prior lamellar metal material, the metal layers of the lamellar material are combined without gluing, but are fused, the preparation method of the material has simple process and is suitable for large-scale production, and in addition, the lamellar metal composite material formed by the metal layers with different physicochemical properties can be prepared according to the requirements of purposes and performances.
The preparation device and the preparation method for the layered light high-strength metal material provided by the invention have the advantages of simple process and convenience in operation, and the prepared layered metal material has excellent combination property and simultaneously has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lamellar light high-strength metal material preparation facilities, a serial communication port, including vacuum hot press (5) and set up the hot extrusion mould in vacuum hot press (5), wherein hot extrusion mould includes mould (2), well mould (3) and bed die (4), be equipped with a plurality of hot extrusion chamber on well mould (3), upper mould (2) and bed die (4) that each hot extrusion intracavity all is equipped with and arranges from top to bottom, vacuum hot press (5) carry out relative motion through drive bed die (4) and upper mould (2), realize the hot extrusion technology of hot extrusion intracavity monolithic industry pure metal sheet (1), obtain industry pure metal sheet (7) of high flux, and realize the hot extrusion technology of multilayer industry pure metal sheet (7) of hot extrusion intracavity, obtain lamellar metal test board (8) of high flux.
2. The layered light high-strength metal material preparation device according to claim 1, wherein the hot extrusion cavity is a cylindrical hole penetrating up and down, the upper part of the cylindrical hole is a guide hole (301), the lower part of the cylindrical hole is a micro-clearance fit hole (302), the diameter of the guide hole (301) is larger than that of the micro-clearance fit hole (302), and the upper port of the guide hole (301) is provided with a middle die upper port large round corner (305).
3. The preparation device of the layered light high-strength metal material according to claim 2, wherein the longitudinal section of the upper die (2) is of a T-shaped structure comprising an upper die large cylindrical surface (202) and an upper die small cylindrical surface (205), the upper part and the bottom of the upper die large cylindrical surface (202) are respectively an upper die upper plane (201) and an upper die middle plane (203), an upper die small round angle (204) is arranged between the upper die middle plane (203) and the upper die small cylindrical surface (205), and the radius of the upper die small round angle (204) is smaller than that of the middle die upper opening large round angle (305); the small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper die is in clearance fit with the micro clearance fit hole (302) of the hot extrusion cavity; the bottom of the small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper die is an upper die lower plane (206).
4. The apparatus for producing a layered light weight high strength metal material according to claim 2, wherein the lower mold (4) is cylindrical, and the lower molds (4) in the respective hot extrusion chambers have the same diameter and different heights.
5. The layered light high-strength metal material preparation device according to claim 2, wherein the vacuum hot press (5) comprises a vacuum chamber (501), a column (502), a base (503), an upper press head (507), a lower press head (507) and a lower press head lifting driving part (509), wherein the vacuum chamber (501) is connected with the base (503) through the column (502), the upper press head (507) is arranged at the top of the inner side of the vacuum chamber (501), the lower press head lifting driving part (509) is arranged in the base (503), the output end of the lower press head lifting driving part (509) penetrates through the bottom of the vacuum chamber (501) and is connected with the lower press head (507), the hot extrusion die is placed on the lower press head (507), and the lower press head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower press head (507) to lift, so that the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper press head (507) and the lower press head (507) is realized.
6. The layered light high-strength metal material manufacturing device according to claim 5, wherein a bellows (508) is sleeved outside an output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509), and two ends of the bellows (508) are respectively connected with the vacuum chamber (501) and the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509);
the vacuum chamber (501) is provided with a vacuum door (504), and the vacuum door (504) is provided with a quartz observation window (505).
7. A method for manufacturing a layered light-weight high-strength metal material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:
Step S1: carrying out a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate (1);
Step S2: removing an oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate (1) treated by the pre-annealing process;
Step S3: under a vacuum heating environment, a vacuum hot press (5) drives a hot extrusion die to finish a hot extrusion process of the industrial pure metal plate (1), and industrial pure metal plates (7) with equal diameters and different thicknesses are obtained in a high flux manner;
step S4: under the vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press (5) drives the hot extrusion die to finish the hot extrusion process of the multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet (7), and the layered metal test plate (8) with layered light weight and high strength characteristic is obtained in high flux.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step S1, the annealing temperature is 500 to 800 ℃ and the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours by using a pre-annealing process, and the pre-annealing controls the grain size range from 10 to 200 μm.
9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the process of obtaining the industrially pure metal sheet (7) by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the steps of:
step C1: placing the middle die (3) on a lower pressing head (507);
step C2: respectively placing lower dies (4) with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die (3);
step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates (1) which have equal thickness and different diameters and are subjected to pre-annealing treatment above a lower die (4) in each hot extrusion cavity;
step C4: respectively introducing an upper die (2) into each hot extrusion cavity, and enabling the upper die (2) to be in contact with an upper pressing head (507);
step C5: a vacuum atmosphere is established in the vacuum chamber (501), and vacuum heating is performed;
Step C6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower pressure head (507) to lift and pressurize until the middle die (3) and the upper die (2) are positioned and stopped, and the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, so that a plurality of industrial pure metal sheets (7) with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the process of obtaining the layered metal test plate (8) by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the steps of:
step D1: placing the middle die (3) on a lower pressing head (507);
step D2: respectively placing lower dies (4) with different heights in each hot extrusion cavity of the middle die (3);
Step D3: placing multi-layer industrial pure metal sheets (7) with equal diameters and unequal thicknesses above the lower die (4) in each hot extrusion cavity;
step D4: respectively introducing an upper die (2) into each hot extrusion cavity, and enabling the upper die (2) to be in contact with an upper pressing head (507);
step D5: a vacuum atmosphere is established in the vacuum chamber (501), and vacuum heating is performed;
Step D6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower pressure head (507) to lift and pressurize until the middle die (3) and the upper die (2) are positioned and stopped, and the vacuum hot extrusion process is completed, so that a plurality of layered metal test plates (8) with the same diameter and different thicknesses are obtained.
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