CN118915842A - Microenvironment regulation and control system suitable for fresh-keeping of aquatic products cold chain commodity circulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a microenvironment regulation and control system suitable for fresh-keeping of aquatic product cold chain logistics, which comprises a cold chain temperature control platform, wherein the cold chain temperature control platform comprises a temperature monitoring unit, a temperature difference comparison unit, a refrigeration control unit and a cold chain arrangement unit. This microenvironment regulation and control system suitable for fresh-keeping of aquatic products cold chain commodity circulation through lay temperature monitor and refrigeration output port on all inner walls of cold chain carriage, realizes refrigeration control and temperature monitoring to all inner walls of cold chain carriage to through the testing result that corresponds inner wall temperature, judge the inside temperature of cold chain transportation product, combine with the required standard temperature's of product comparison result to carry out the control of target refrigeration duration to refrigeration output port, not only can guarantee product transportation quality like this, can also effectively reduce the power consumption of cold chain vehicle, provide energy-conserving and high-quality cold chain transportation condition for the aquatic products.

Description

A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics and preservation of aquatic products

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of cold chain environment regulation and control, and in particular to a microenvironment regulation and control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products.

Background Art

The cold chain logistics of aquatic products refers to a special supply chain system in which the aquatic products are kept under appropriate low temperature control during the product processing, storage, transportation, distribution and retail stages after they are caught, so as to maximize the quality and safety of aquatic products, reduce losses and prevent pollution. The aquatic product cold chain system is a special requirement for the logistics of fresh aquatic products. The aquatic product cold chain logistics includes four parts: refrigerated (frozen) processing, refrigerated (frozen) storage, refrigerated (frozen) transportation and distribution, and refrigerated (frozen) sales. Among them, refrigerated transportation and distribution are currently the hot spots of cold chain logistics.

The accuracy of existing cold chain compartment refrigeration control is not high, because the installed single temperature and humidity sensor can only reflect the local temperature and humidity at its installation location, and cannot reflect the comprehensive temperature of the entire cold storage. For example, an intelligent control system for the storage environment of cold chain logistics commodities based on Internet of Things control as described in application number 202010989262.0 divides the cold storage for storing cold chain logistics commodities into several temperature sub-areas corresponding to the step temperature intervals through the cold storage temperature area division module, and collects the environmental parameters of each temperature sub-area through the environmental parameter collection module, and processes the collected environmental parameters to obtain the comprehensive comparison difference of the environmental parameters corresponding to each step temperature interval, and then combines with the intelligent control terminal to control the environmental parameters corresponding to the step temperature interval that needs to be regulated, thereby realizing intelligent control of the storage environment of cold chain logistics commodities, so that the regulated cold storage environment can meet the storage needs of all cold chain logistics commodities.

Based on the retrieval of the above information, it can be seen that the existing cold chain compartments still have the problem of inaccurate temperature control during transportation, that is, they can only regulate the temperature inside the cold chain compartments, lack of effective control over the internal temperature of the transported products, and continuous constant temperature regulation, resulting in serious energy consumption in cold chain transportation. For this reason, a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products is proposed.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics and preservation of aquatic products, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a microenvironment regulation system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products, including a cold chain temperature control platform, the cold chain temperature control platform includes a temperature monitoring unit, a temperature difference comparison unit, a refrigeration control unit and a cold chain sorting unit, the temperature monitoring unit is connected to the temperature difference comparison unit, the temperature difference comparison unit is connected to the refrigeration control unit, and the refrigeration control unit is connected to the cold chain sorting unit.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the temperature monitoring unit includes a peripheral temperature monitoring module and an internal temperature calculation module, and the peripheral temperature monitoring module is connected to the internal temperature calculation module.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the circumferential temperature monitoring module is used to arrange temperature detectors distributed in a matrix on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, so as to obtain the real-time temperature of the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located;

The internal temperature calculation module is used to calculate the internal temperature of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the real-time temperature when the aquatic product fresh-keeping box is loaded in the cold chain carriage:

ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin

Wherein, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, T _out is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the aquatic product preservation box facing the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flux rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the temperature difference comparison unit includes an internal and external temperature comparison module, a standard temperature setting module and a refrigeration target setting module, the internal and external temperature comparison module is connected to the standard temperature setting module, and the standard temperature setting module is connected to the refrigeration target setting module.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the internal and external temperature comparison module is used to compare the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box on the side close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box, and when the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, a refrigeration request is issued, and when the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued;

The standard temperature setting module is used to receive a refrigeration request and calculate the heat load that needs to be removed from the inside of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature:

Q＝A×K×ΔT×n

In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient;

The refrigeration target setting module is used to calculate the refrigeration time according to the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment:

Where t is the target cooling time, and P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the refrigeration control unit includes a circumferential refrigeration layout module and a gradient refrigeration control module, and the circumferential refrigeration layout module is connected to the gradient refrigeration control module.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the circumferential refrigeration layout module is used to layout refrigeration output ports on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, and is used to perform refrigeration from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located;

The gradient cooling control module is used to control the cooling output port to perform cooling for a target cooling time.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the cold chain sorting unit includes a refrigeration adjustment statistics module, an abnormal number judgment module and a refrigeration abnormality judgment module, the refrigeration adjustment statistics module is connected to the abnormal number judgment module, and the abnormal number judgment module is connected to the refrigeration abnormality judgment module.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the refrigeration adjustment statistics module is used to obtain output duration information of refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment and startup times information of the refrigeration output ports after completing one cold chain transportation;

The abnormal number judgment module is used to establish an association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, and calculate the difference between the output duration information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship;

The refrigeration abnormality judgment module is used to judge that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal when the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range. Conversely, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, it is judged that a refrigeration failure occurs at the refrigeration output port where the inner wall with higher output duration information and start-up number information of the corresponding refrigeration output port is located.

The present invention also discloses a method for using a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products, which specifically comprises the following steps:

S1. Temperature monitoring: Temperature monitors are arranged in a matrix distribution on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment to obtain the real-time temperature of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment. When aquatic product fresh-keeping boxes are loaded in the cold chain compartment, the internal temperature calculation module calculates the internal temperature of the aquatic product fresh-keeping boxes according to the real-time temperature:

ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin

Wherein, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, T _out is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box facing the nth surface of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flow rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall;

S2. Temperature difference comparison: Compare the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box on the side close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box. When the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, the internal and external temperature comparison module issues a refrigeration request. When the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued. The standard temperature setting module receives the refrigeration request and calculates the heat load that needs to be removed from the aquatic product preservation box based on the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature:

Q＝A×K×ΔT×n

In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient;

The refrigeration target setting module is used to calculate the refrigeration time based on the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment:

In the formula, t is the target cooling time, P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment;

S3, refrigeration control: Refrigeration output ports are arranged on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, refrigeration is performed from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located, and the gradient refrigeration control module is used to control the refrigeration output ports to perform refrigeration for the target refrigeration time;

S4. Cold chain arrangement: After completing a cold chain transport, the refrigeration adjustment statistics module establishes an association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner walls of the cold chain compartment based on the output duration information of the refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports. The abnormal number judgment module calculates the difference between the output duration information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship. When the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module determines that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal. Conversely, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module determines that a refrigeration fault has occurred in the refrigeration output port of the inner wall where the output duration information and the start-up number information of the corresponding refrigeration output port are higher.

The present invention provides a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics and preservation of aquatic products. It has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention realizes refrigeration control and temperature monitoring of all inner walls of the cold chain compartment by disposing temperature monitors and refrigeration output ports on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, and judges the internal temperature of the cold chain transported product through the detection result of the corresponding inner wall temperature, and controls the target refrigeration time of the refrigeration output port in combination with the comparison result with the standard temperature required by the product. This can not only ensure the product transportation quality, but also effectively reduce the energy consumption of the cold chain vehicle, and provide energy-saving and high-quality cold chain transportation conditions for aquatic products.

(2) After completing a cold chain transport, the present invention determines whether the refrigeration inside the cold chain compartment is abnormal based on the output duration information of the refrigeration output port and the number of startup times of the refrigeration output port, thereby realizing self-inspection of the refrigeration effect of the cold chain vehicle and providing effective data support for early maintenance of the refrigeration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a system principle block diagram of the present invention;

FIG2 is a system principle block diagram of a temperature monitoring unit of the present invention;

FIG3 is a system principle block diagram of a temperature difference comparison unit of the present invention;

FIG4 is a system principle block diagram of a refrigeration control unit of the present invention;

FIG5 is a system principle block diagram of the cold chain sorting unit of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. Cold chain temperature control platform; 2. Temperature monitoring unit; 3. Temperature difference comparison unit; 4. Refrigeration control unit; 5. Cold chain sorting unit; 6. Peripheral temperature monitoring module; 7. Internal temperature calculation module; 8. Internal and external temperature comparison module; 9. Standard temperature setting module; 10. Refrigeration target setting module; 11. Peripheral refrigeration layout module; 12. Gradient refrigeration control module; 13. Refrigeration adjustment statistics module; 14. Abnormal number judgment module; 15. Refrigeration abnormality judgment module.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Referring to Figures 1-5, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

Embodiment 1

A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics and preservation of aquatic products, comprising a cold chain temperature control platform 1 composed of a temperature monitoring unit 2, a temperature difference comparison unit 3 and a refrigeration control unit 4,

As a preferred solution, the temperature monitoring unit 2 includes a circumferential temperature monitoring module 6 and an inner temperature calculation module 7. The circumferential temperature monitoring module 6 is used to arrange matrix-distributed temperature monitors on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment to obtain the real-time temperature of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment;

The peripheral temperature monitoring module 6 is connected to the internal temperature calculation module 7. The internal temperature calculation module 7 is used to calculate the internal temperature of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the real-time temperature when the aquatic product fresh-keeping box is loaded in the cold chain compartment:

ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin

Wherein, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, T _out is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the aquatic product preservation box facing the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flux rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall.

As a preferred solution, the temperature monitoring unit 2 is connected to the temperature difference comparison unit 3, and the temperature difference comparison unit 3 includes an internal and external temperature comparison module 8, a standard temperature setting module 9 and a refrigeration target setting module 10. The internal and external temperature comparison module 8 is used to compare the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box on the side close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box. When the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, a refrigeration request is issued, and when the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued;

The internal and external temperature comparison module 8 is connected to the standard temperature setting module 9, which is used to receive a refrigeration request and calculate the heat load that needs to be removed from the inside of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature:

Q＝A×K×ΔT×n

In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient;

The standard temperature setting module 9 is connected to the refrigeration target setting module 10, and the refrigeration target setting module 10 is used to calculate the refrigeration time according to the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment:

Where t is the target cooling time, and P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment.

As a preferred solution, the temperature difference comparison unit 3 is connected to the refrigeration control unit 4, and the refrigeration control unit 4 includes a circumferential refrigeration layout module 11 and a gradient refrigeration control module 12. The circumferential refrigeration layout module 11 is used to arrange refrigeration output ports on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, and is used to refrigerate from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located;

The circumferential cooling arrangement module 11 is connected to the gradient cooling control module 12, and the gradient cooling control module 12 is used to control the cooling output port to perform cooling for a target cooling time.

This embodiment achieves refrigeration control and temperature monitoring of all inner walls of the cold chain compartment by disposing temperature monitors and refrigeration output ports on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, and judges the internal temperature of the cold chain transported products through the detection results of the corresponding inner wall temperatures, and controls the target refrigeration time of the refrigeration output ports in combination with the comparison results with the standard temperature required by the products. This not only ensures the quality of product transportation, but also effectively reduces the energy consumption of cold chain vehicles, thereby providing energy-saving and high-quality cold chain transportation conditions for aquatic products.

Embodiment 2

This embodiment is an improvement of the previous embodiment. It is a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products. It also includes a cold chain sorting unit 5 connected to the refrigeration control unit 4. The cold chain sorting unit 5 includes a refrigeration adjustment statistics module 13, an abnormal number judgment module 14 and a refrigeration abnormality judgment module 15. The refrigeration adjustment statistics module 13 is used to output the output time information of the refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment after completing a cold chain transportation, and the number of startup times of the refrigeration output ports;

The refrigeration adjustment statistics module 13 is connected to the abnormal number judgment module 14, and the abnormal number judgment module 14 is used to establish the association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, and calculate the difference between the output time information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship;

The abnormal number judgment module 14 is connected to the refrigeration abnormality judgment module 15. The refrigeration abnormality judgment module 15 is used to judge that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal when the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range. Conversely, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, it is judged that a refrigeration failure occurs at the refrigeration output port where the inner wall with higher output duration information and start-up number information of the corresponding refrigeration output port is located.

The advantage of the second embodiment over the first embodiment is that it is also possible to achieve self-inspection of the refrigeration effect by comparing the records of the control data, thereby providing reliable data support for the refrigeration maintenance of the cold chain vehicles.

A method for using a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products, specifically comprising the following steps:

S1. Temperature monitoring: Temperature monitors are arranged in a matrix distribution on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment to obtain the real-time temperature of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment. When a fresh-keeping box for aquatic products is loaded in the cold chain compartment, the internal temperature calculation module 7 calculates the internal temperature of the fresh-keeping box for aquatic products according to the real-time temperature:

ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin

In the formula, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, _Tout is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box facing the nth surface of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flow rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall;

S2. Temperature difference comparison: compare the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box on the side close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box. When the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, the internal and external temperature comparison module 8 issues a refrigeration request. When the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued. The standard temperature setting module 9 receives the refrigeration request and calculates the heat load that needs to be removed from the inside of the aquatic product preservation box according to the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature:

Q＝A×K×ΔT×n

In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient;

The refrigeration target setting module 10 is used to calculate the refrigeration time according to the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment:

In the formula, t is the target cooling time, P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment;

S3, refrigeration control: refrigeration output ports are arranged on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, refrigeration is performed from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located, and the gradient refrigeration control module 12 is used to control the refrigeration output ports to perform refrigeration for a target refrigeration time;

S4. Cold chain arrangement: After completing a cold chain transport, the refrigeration adjustment statistics module 13 establishes an association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner walls of the cold chain compartment based on the output duration information of the refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports. The abnormal number judgment module 14 calculates the difference between the output duration information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship. When the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module 15 determines that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal. Conversely, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module 15 determines that a refrigeration failure occurs at the refrigeration output port of the inner wall where the output duration information and the start-up number information of the corresponding refrigeration output port are higher.

It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products, comprising a cold chain temperature control platform (1), characterized in that: the cold chain temperature control platform (1) comprises a temperature monitoring unit (2), a temperature difference comparison unit (3), a refrigeration control unit (4) and a cold chain sorting unit (5), the temperature monitoring unit (2) is connected to the temperature difference comparison unit (3), the temperature difference comparison unit (3) is connected to the refrigeration control unit (4), and the refrigeration control unit (4) is connected to the cold chain sorting unit (5). 2. According to claim 1, a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products is characterized in that: the temperature monitoring unit (2) includes a peripheral temperature monitoring module (6) and an internal temperature calculation module (7), and the peripheral temperature monitoring module (6) is connected to the internal temperature calculation module (7). 3. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products according to claim 2, characterized in that: the circumferential temperature monitoring module (6) is used to arrange matrix-distributed temperature detectors on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment to obtain the real-time temperature of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment; The internal temperature calculation module (7) is used to calculate the internal temperature of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the real-time temperature when the aquatic product fresh-keeping box is loaded in the cold chain carriage: ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin Wherein, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, T _out is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the aquatic product preservation box facing the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flux rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall. 4. According to claim 3, a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products is characterized in that: the temperature difference comparison unit (3) includes an internal and external temperature comparison module (8), a standard temperature setting module (9) and a refrigeration target setting module (10), the internal and external temperature comparison module (8) is connected to the standard temperature setting module (9), and the standard temperature setting module (9) is connected to the refrigeration target setting module (10). 5. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products according to claim 4, characterized in that: the internal and external temperature comparison module (8) is used to compare the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box on the side close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box, and when the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, a refrigeration request is issued, and when the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued; The standard temperature setting module (9) is used to receive a refrigeration request and calculate the heat load that needs to be removed from the inside of the aquatic product fresh-keeping box according to the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature: Q＝A×K×ΔT×n In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient; The refrigeration target setting module (10) is used to calculate the refrigeration time according to the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment: Where t is the target cooling time, and P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment. 6. According to claim 5, a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products is characterized in that: the refrigeration control unit (4) includes a circumferential refrigeration layout module (11) and a gradient refrigeration control module (12), and the circumferential refrigeration layout module (11) is connected to the gradient refrigeration control module (12). 7. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products according to claim 6, characterized in that: the circumferential refrigeration layout module (11) is used to arrange refrigeration output ports on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, and is used to perform refrigeration from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located; The gradient cooling control module (12) is used to control the cooling output port to perform cooling for a target cooling time. 8. According to claim 7, a microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products is characterized in that: the cold chain sorting unit (5) includes a refrigeration adjustment statistics module (13), an abnormal number judgment module (14) and a refrigeration abnormality judgment module (15), the refrigeration adjustment statistics module (13) is connected to the abnormal number judgment module (14), and the abnormal number judgment module (14) is connected to the refrigeration abnormality judgment module (15). 9. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics preservation of aquatic products according to claim 8, characterized in that: the refrigeration adjustment statistics module (13) is used to obtain output duration information of refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment and the number of startup times of the refrigeration output ports after completing a cold chain transportation; The abnormal number judgment module (14) is used to establish an association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, and calculate the difference between the output time information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship; The refrigeration abnormality judgment module (15) is used to judge that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal when the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range, and conversely, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, it is judged that a refrigeration failure occurs at the refrigeration output port where the inner wall outputting the corresponding refrigeration output port with higher output duration information and start-up number information is located. 10. A microenvironment control system suitable for cold chain logistics and preservation of aquatic products according to claim 9, characterized in that: the method of using the system specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Temperature monitoring: Temperature monitors are arranged in a matrix distribution on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment to obtain the real-time temperature of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment. When a fresh-keeping box for aquatic products is loaded in the cold chain compartment, the internal temperature calculation module (7) calculates the internal temperature of the fresh-keeping box for aquatic products according to the real-time temperature: ΔT＝ _Tout - _Tin Wherein, k is the thermal conductivity of the aquatic product preservation box, T _out is the real-time temperature of the nth surface of the inner wall of the corresponding cold chain compartment, _Tin is the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box facing the nth surface of the inner wall of the cold chain compartment, δ is the thickness of the aquatic product preservation box wall, Q is the heat flow rate of the aquatic product preservation box wall, q is the heat flux density, and A is the surface area of the aquatic product preservation box wall; S2, temperature difference comparison: the internal temperature of the aquatic product preservation box close to the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is compared with the standard temperature required inside the aquatic product preservation box. When the internal temperature is higher than the standard temperature, the internal and external temperature comparison module (8) issues a refrigeration request. When the internal temperature is lower than or equal to the standard temperature, no refrigeration request is issued. The standard temperature setting module (9) receives the refrigeration request and calculates the heat load that needs to be removed from the inside of the aquatic product preservation box according to the difference between the internal temperature and the standard temperature: Q＝A×K×ΔT×n In the formula, Q is the heat load, K is the heat transfer coefficient, and n is the door opening correction coefficient; The refrigeration target setting module (10) is used to calculate the refrigeration time according to the heat load and the refrigeration output power of the cold chain compartment: In the formula, t is the target cooling time, P _cool is the cooling output power of the cold chain compartment; S3, refrigeration control: refrigeration output ports are arranged on all inner walls of the cold chain compartment, refrigeration is performed from the surface where the inner wall of the cold chain compartment is located, and the gradient refrigeration control module (12) is used to control the refrigeration output ports to perform refrigeration for a target refrigeration time; S4, cold chain arrangement: after completing a cold chain transport, the refrigeration adjustment statistics module (13) establishes an association relationship between the symmetrical surfaces of the inner walls of the cold chain compartment based on the output time information of the refrigeration output ports at different inner walls of the cold chain compartment and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports. The abnormal number judgment module (14) calculates the difference between the output time information and the start-up number information of the refrigeration output ports corresponding to the two inner walls according to the association relationship. When the difference calculation result is within the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module (15) determines that the refrigeration of the cold chain compartment is normal. On the contrary, when the difference calculation result exceeds the preset standard error value range, the refrigeration abnormality judgment module (15) determines that the refrigeration output port of the inner wall where the output time information and the start-up number information of the corresponding refrigeration output port are higher has a refrigeration fault.