CN118905808A - Machining tool and machining method suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical part - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a processing tool and processing method suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts, which relates to the technical field of optical parts processing. The tool comprises a tool body, which has a processing area and an auxiliary area arranged around the processing area; the processing area is provided with a mounting groove for accommodating part of the target optical parts; the processing surface of the target optical parts is arranged parallel to the surface of the tool body, and the orthographic projection area of the processing surface on the surface of the tool body is larger than the area of the mounting groove; a plurality of matching blocks are arranged in the auxiliary area, and the extension direction of the surface of the matching blocks away from the tool body coincides with the extension direction of the processing surface, and the processing surface and the matching blocks jointly form a regular shape processing range. The matching blocks disperse part of the processing force, so that the processing surface is evenly stressed, and the target optical parts are prevented from turning over, the processing difficulty is reduced, the product qualification rate is improved, and the structure is simple and easy to implement.

Description

A processing tool and processing method suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts

Technical Field

The present application generally relates to the technical field of optical parts processing, and specifically relates to a processing tool and a processing method suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts.

Background Art

Classical optical processing can guarantee the high-precision requirements of optical parts. Due to its wide range of applications and low startup costs, it is widely used in the production of high- and medium-precision parts. However, due to the large size and special shape of triangular prism optical parts, the expensive infrared materials, and the lack of processing experience and imperfections, in actual processing, the thickness difference between the thin side and the thick side of the triangular prism optical parts is huge. It is necessary to raise the thin side to make the height of both sides consistent. After raising, it is equivalent to processing cubic parts. However, after calculation, due to the abnormal height-to-diameter ratio of the parts, the lateral moment is large, and the parts are very likely to overturn, resulting in the risk of scrapping. Therefore, we provide a processing tool and processing method suitable for triangular prism optical parts to solve the above problems.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a processing tool and a processing method suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts that reduce processing difficulty, improve product qualification rate and have a simple structure.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a processing tool suitable for a triangular prism-shaped optical part, comprising:

A tool body, the tool body having a processing area and an auxiliary area arranged around the processing area; the processing area is provided with a mounting groove for accommodating a portion of the target optical part; the processing surface of the target optical part is arranged parallel to the surface of the tool body, and the orthographic projection area of the processing surface on the surface of the tool body is larger than the area of the notch of the mounting groove;

A plurality of matching blocks are provided in the auxiliary area, the extending direction of the matching blocks away from the surface of the tooling body coincides with the extending direction of the processing surface, and the processing surface and the matching blocks together form a regular shape processing range.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, an adhesive is provided at the contact position between the target optical part and the mounting groove and at the contact position between the matching block and the auxiliary area, so as to limit the relative position between the tooling body, the matching block and the target optical part during processing.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the straight-line distance between the processing surface and the upper surface of the tooling body ranges from 13 to 16 mm.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, a pressing groove is provided on the surface of the tooling body away from the matching block to assist in fixing the position of the tooling body.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the material of the matching block is the same as the material of the target optical component.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a processing method applicable to a triangular prism-shaped optical component. Based on the above-mentioned processing tooling applicable to a triangular prism-shaped optical component, the method comprises the following steps:

The target optical component is placed in the mounting groove of the tooling body, and the material of the target optical component and the actual distance set between the processing surface of the target optical component and the upper surface of the tooling body are obtained; the actual distance set includes the actual straight-line distances between multiple position points of the processing surface of the target optical component and the upper surface of the tooling body;

Selecting blocks of corresponding specifications according to the material of the target optical component and the actual distance set, and placing the blocks at corresponding positions of the auxiliary area to form a regular shape processing range;

Using adhesive to adhere the contact position of the tooling body and the matching block and the contact position of the mounting groove and the target optical component to obtain a combined disk component;

The regular shape processing range is finely ground and polished. When the regular shape processing range meets the preset processing conditions, the fine grinding and polishing operations are stopped to obtain a finished optical part.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the installation groove of the tool body is obtained according to the following steps:

Acquire the structural shape of the non-processing surface of the target optical component;

The installation groove is manufactured according to the shape of the structure.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the following steps are also included:

Coating a protective material on the surface of the finished optical component and heating it to separate the finished optical component from the tooling body;

The separated optical component finished products are cleaned and inspected. When the separated optical component finished products meet the finished product conditions, the current optical component finished products are judged to be qualified products.

According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the regular shape processing range is finely ground and polished. When the regular shape processing range meets the preset processing conditions, the fine grinding and polishing operations are stopped, which specifically includes the following steps:

Performing fine grinding on the regular shape processing range, and stopping the fine grinding operation when the regular shape processing range meets a first preset condition;

The regular shape processing range after fine grinding is polished, and when the regular shape processing range meets the second preset condition, the polishing operation is stopped.

It can be seen from the above technical solution that the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

The present application discloses a processing tool suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts, comprising: a tool body, which has a processing area and an auxiliary area arranged around the processing area; the processing area is provided with a mounting groove, which is used to accommodate part of the target optical part, so that the tool body forms a stable support for the target optical part, and the orthographic projection area of the processing surface on the surface of the tool body is larger than the area of the mounting groove; a plurality of matching blocks are also arranged in the auxiliary area, the extension direction of the matching blocks away from the surface of the tool body coincides with the extension direction of the processing surface, and the processing surface and the matching blocks together form a regular shape processing range.

The processing tool utilizes the mounting groove to support and carry part of the structure of the target optical part, and allows the processing surface of the target optical part and the upper surface of the tool body to be arranged in parallel, so as to facilitate the corresponding processing operations on the processing surface. Furthermore, a plurality of matching blocks are arranged in the auxiliary area, and their extension direction coincides with the extension direction of the processing surface, that is, the two are in the same horizontal plane, so that the processing surface and the matching block surface jointly form a regular shape processing range. During processing, the processing tool and the target optical part rotate synchronously, and the processing surface and the matching block surface can be processed at the same time. The matching blocks disperse part of the processing force, so that the processing surface is evenly stressed, and the target optical part is prevented from overturning, thereby reducing the processing difficulty, improving the product qualification rate, and having a simple structure and being easy to implement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing tool suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a processing method applicable to triangular prism-shaped optical parts.

Numbers in the figure: 1. tooling body; 2. target optical part; 3. adhesive; 4. matching block; 5. pressing groove; 6. mounting groove.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It is also necessary to explain that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

In order to make the processing tooling for triangular prism-shaped optical parts provided in the embodiment of the present application clearer and easier to understand, the tooling is introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figure 1, this figure is a structural schematic diagram of a processing tooling for triangular prism-shaped optical parts provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the tooling includes:

A tool body 1, the tool body 1 has a processing area and an auxiliary area arranged around the processing area; the processing area is provided with a mounting groove 6 for accommodating a portion of the target optical component 2; the processing surface of the target optical component 2 is arranged parallel to the surface of the tool body 1, and the orthographic projection area of the processing surface on the surface of the tool body 1 is larger than the area of the notch of the mounting groove 6;

A plurality of matching blocks 4 are arranged in the auxiliary area, and the extending direction of the surface of the matching blocks 4 away from the tooling body 1 coincides with the extending direction of the processing surface, and the processing surface and the matching blocks 4 together form a regular shape processing range.

It should be noted that the target optical component refers to a triangular prism-shaped block optical component. The processing area and the auxiliary area are formed by dividing the upper surface of the tooling body 1. The area for opening the mounting groove 6 is defined as the processing area, and the area around the processing area is defined as the auxiliary area. In addition, since there are many options for the type and size of the target optical component 2, the shape of the mounting groove 6 is made in the processing area according to the actual specifications of the target optical component 2 using the reverse molding technology, so that the corresponding target optical component 2 can be embedded in the mounting groove 6; here, when the target optical component 2 is set at the mounting groove 6, the straight-line distance between the processing surface of the target optical component 6 and the upper surface of the tooling body 1 ranges from 13 to 16 mm. The processing surface is arranged in parallel with the upper surface of the tooling body 1, and the orthographic projection area of the processing surface on the surface of the tooling body 1 is larger than the area of the notch of the mounting groove 6, which is convenient for processing the processing surface, and the remaining surface of the target optical component 2 is a non-processing surface.

The specifications of the matching block 4 are set according to its position and the actual distance between the processing surface corresponding to the matching block 4 and the upper surface of the tooling body 1, so as to ensure that the extension direction of the surface of the matching block 4 away from the tooling body 1 at each position can coincide with the extension direction of the processing surface, and all matching blocks 4 and the processing surfaces together form a regular shape processing range, where the regular shape is, for example, a circle; during processing, the processing tooling and the target optical part 2 rotate synchronously, the processing surface and the matching block 4 are processed at the same time, and the matching block 4 shares part of the processing force to avoid uneven force at various positions of the target optical part 2, resulting in the target optical part 2 turning over, thereby reducing the processing difficulty and improving the product qualification rate.

In addition, the material of the matching block 4 is the same as that of the target optical component 2. During processing, the matching block 4 and the processing surface are simultaneously fine-ground or polished to maintain the consistency of processing quality and avoid incomplete or excessive processing of the processing surface due to different materials, which affects the quality of the final product.

Furthermore, adhesive 3 is provided at the contact position between the target optical component 2 and the mounting groove 6 and at the contact position between the matching block 4 and the auxiliary area, so as to limit the relative positions of the tooling body 1, the matching block 4 and the target optical component 2 during processing.

Among them, the type of adhesive 3 is, for example, asphalt glue dots, which are used to stick the non-processed surface of the target optical part 2 and the inner wall of the mounting groove 6 together, and to stick the contact surface of the matching block 4 and the auxiliary area together, so as to prevent the target optical part 2 and the matching block 4 from moving and affecting the processing quality and qualified rate.

Furthermore, a pressing groove 5 is provided on the surface of the tool body 1 away from the matching block 4 to assist in fixing the position of the tool body 1 .

Among them, this processing tool is mainly used for classical processing, which is processing with a grinding and polishing machine. During processing, the grinding and polishing machine has a stylus to press the processing tool for swing grinding, so a pressing groove 5 is designed on the tool body 1, and the stylus is used to press the position of the pressing groove 5 to achieve a fixed connection relationship between the processing tool and the grinding and polishing machine, thereby driving the processing tool and the target optical part 2 to rotate during swing grinding.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the present application further provides a processing method applicable to a triangular prism-shaped optical component. Based on the above-mentioned processing tooling applicable to a triangular prism-shaped optical component, the method comprises the following steps:

S100, placing the target optical part in the mounting slot of the tooling body, and obtaining the material of the target optical part and the actual distance set between the processing surface of the target optical part and the upper surface of the tooling body; the actual distance set includes the actual straight-line distances between multiple position points of the processing surface of the target optical part and the upper surface of the tooling body.

It should be noted that, since there are many choices for the types and sizes of the target optical parts, the shape of the mounting groove is made in the processing area using the reverse molding technology according to the actual specifications of the target optical parts, so that the corresponding target optical parts can be embedded in the mounting groove. Specifically, the mounting groove of the tooling body is obtained according to the following steps:

The shape of the structure at the location of the non-machined surface of the target optical part is obtained; here, the shape of the structure can be measured by a vernier caliper and the lines and vertices at various positions of the structure can be extracted, so as to construct a drawing consistent with the shape of the structure.

The installation groove is manufactured according to the shape of the structure; here, the installation groove can be manufactured by using the reverse molding technology.

Among them, the actual straight-line distance can be detected using a laser ranging sensor.

S200, selecting blocks of corresponding specifications according to the material of the target optical component and the actual distance set, and placing the blocks at corresponding positions in the auxiliary area to form a regular shape processing range.

Here, the processing surfaces of the matching block and the target optical component are used to form a regular shape processing range, which is conducive to disk processing.

S300, using adhesive to stick the contact position of the tooling body and the matching block and the contact position of the mounting groove and the target optical component to obtain a combined disk component.

S400, performing fine grinding and polishing on the regular shape processing range, and when the regular shape processing range meets the preset processing conditions, stopping the fine grinding and polishing operations to obtain a finished optical part.

The preset processing conditions include a first preset condition and a second preset condition.

The regular shape processing range is finely ground and polished. When the regular shape processing range meets the preset processing conditions, the fine grinding and polishing operations are stopped. Specifically, the following steps are included:

The regular shape processing range is finely ground, and when the regular shape processing range meets the first preset condition, the fine grinding operation is stopped; here, the first preset condition means that the surface shape of the processing surface is within five circles, and there are no scratches or sand holes on the surface of the processing surface.

The regular shape processing range after fine grinding is polished, and when the regular shape processing range meets the second preset condition, the polishing operation is stopped; here, the second preset condition refers to meeting the optical requirements of the drawing.

Specifically, diamond grains of W40 and W20 can be used for fine grinding operations; classical polishing can be used, that is, polishing can be performed using a polishing machine with decreasing grain sizes.

Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps:

Coating protective material on the surface of the finished optical part and heating it to separate the finished optical part from the tooling body;

The separated optical component finished products are cleaned and inspected. When the separated optical component finished products meet the finished product conditions, the current optical component finished products are judged to be qualified products.

Among them, the type of protective material is, for example, paint, which forms a protective layer on the surface of the finished optical part. Then, an electric furnace is used to heat the finished optical part and the processing tooling to melt the applied adhesive, so that the finished optical part is removed from the processing tooling, and the removed finished optical part is cleaned and inspected. The finished product conditions can be set according to actual needs, and qualified products and defective products are screened based on the finished product conditions.

For ease of understanding, the processing method applicable to triangular prism-shaped optical parts in the present application is introduced below with reference to specific examples.

Taking the triangular prism optical part made of germanium as an example, the lengths of its three edges are 105mm, 80mm, and 55mm respectively, and its edge height is 65mm. The quadrilateral where the longest side is located is the processing surface, its surface defect grade is B:IR-V, its aperture N is less than 0.5, and its local error RMS is less than 0.06 (with power).

After the triangular prism-shaped optical part made of germanium is embedded in the processing tooling, the triangular prism-shaped optical part made of germanium protrudes from the thickness of the processing tooling. For example, a 6mm thick block of germanium material is selected so that the block is coplanar with the processing surface and can form a regular shape processing range that is conducive to disk processing.

Tape and glue are applied between the triangular prism-shaped optical part made of germanium material and the mounting groove, and between the matching block and the auxiliary area to fix the current position.

The current combined structure is attached to the upper plate and fine grinding is performed. W40 and W20 diamond abrasives are used to process the regular shape processing range. After fine grinding, polishing is performed. The classical polishing method is adopted, and polishing is performed using polishing agents with decreasing particle sizes until the processed surface meets the optical requirements of the drawing to obtain the finished optical parts.

Finally, the finished optical parts are painted for protection, and the entire structure is placed in an electric furnace for heating until the asphalt glue point melts, so that the finished optical parts can be separated from the processing tooling smoothly, and then the separated finished optical parts are cleaned and inspected, which is convenient for screening qualified products from defective products. Based on the method, the target optical parts are processed, and the processing efficiency and qualified rate are effectively improved, and the tooling structure is simple, the operation is simple and the practicability is strong.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Claims (9)

1. Machining frock suitable for triangular prism shape optical part, its characterized in that includes:

The tool comprises a tool body (1), wherein the tool body (1) is provided with a processing area and an auxiliary area which is annularly arranged around the processing area; the processing area is provided with a mounting groove (6) for accommodating part of the target optical part (2); the machining surface of the target optical part (2) is arranged in parallel with the surface of the tool body (1), and the orthographic projection area of the machining surface on the surface of the tool body (1) is larger than the area of the notch of the mounting groove (6);

The plurality of join in marriage piece (4), join in marriage piece (4) and set up in the auxiliary region, join in marriage piece (4) and keep away from the extending direction of the surface of frock body (1) with the extending direction coincidence of machined surface, machined surface with join in marriage piece (4) and form regular shape processing scope jointly.

2. Machining tool for triangular prism-shaped optical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact position of the target optical part (2) with the mounting groove (6) and the contact position of the mating block (4) with the auxiliary area are provided with an adhesive (3) for limiting the relative position of the tool body (1) with the mating block (4) and the target optical part (2) during machining.

3. A tooling for the machining of optical parts in the shape of triangular prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear distance between the machining surface and the upper surface of the tooling body (1) is in the range of 13-16mm.

4. Machining tool suitable for triangular prism-shaped optical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the tool body (1) far away from the matching block (4) is provided with a pressing groove (5) for assisting in fixing the position of the tool body (1).

5. The processing tool for the triangular prism-shaped optical part according to claim 1, wherein the matching block (4) is made of the same material as the target optical part (2).

6. A processing method suitable for a triangular prism-shaped optical part, based on the processing tool suitable for a triangular prism-shaped optical part according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

Placing a target optical part at an installation groove of a tool body, and acquiring a material of the target optical part and an actual distance set between a processing surface of the target optical part and the upper surface of the tool body; the actual distance set comprises actual linear distances between a plurality of position points of the processing surface of the target optical part and the upper surface of the tool body;

selecting a matching block with corresponding specification according to the material of the target optical part and the actual distance set, and placing the matching block at a corresponding position of an auxiliary area to form a regular shape processing range;

adhering the contact position of the tool body and the matching block and the contact position of the mounting groove and the target optical part by using an adhesive to obtain a combined disc part;

and (3) carrying out fine grinding and polishing processing on the regular-shape processing range, and stopping the fine grinding and polishing processing operation when the regular-shape processing range meets the preset processing conditions to obtain the optical part finished product.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mounting groove of the tool body is obtained according to the following steps:

Acquiring the shape of a structural body of the position of the non-processing surface of the target optical part;

and manufacturing the mounting groove according to the shape of the structural body.

8. The method for processing a prism-shaped optical part according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

coating a protective material on the surface of the optical part finished product, heating, and separating the optical part finished product from the tool body;

And (3) cleaning and checking the separated optical part finished product, and judging that the current optical part finished product is a qualified product when the separated optical part finished product meets the finished product condition.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the regular-shape machining range is subjected to finish grinding and polishing, and when the regular-shape machining range satisfies a preset machining condition, the finish grinding and polishing operation is stopped, comprising the steps of:

Performing fine grinding processing on the regular-shape processing range, and stopping fine grinding processing operation when the regular-shape processing range meets a first preset condition;

And polishing the refined regular-shape machining range, and stopping polishing when the regular-shape machining range meets a second preset condition.