CN118896636B - A method, system and device for demodulating and anti-aliasing measurement of optical fiber F-P sensor - Google Patents
A method, system and device for demodulating and anti-aliasing measurement of optical fiber F-P sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method, a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement system and demodulation anti-aliasing measurement equipment for an optical fiber F-P sensor, and belongs to the technical field of demodulation of optical fiber sensors. Aiming at the problem of frequency aliasing caused by incapability of measuring high-frequency signals due to insufficient bandwidth of the existing fiber F-P sensor demodulation system, the invention adopts the self-adaptive sampling technology and the self-adaptive model reference control, and adjusts the sampling rate of the system in real time according to the frequency information of the acquired signals so as to realize higher precision and resolution in a key area, dynamically adjust the allocation of computing resources, improve the accuracy of integral sampling rate and signal reconstruction, enhance the robustness of the system and effectively cope with challenging vibration environment conditions. Compared with the traditional method, the method not only solves the problem of bandwidth limitation, but also improves measurement accuracy, stability and robustness, and provides a high-efficiency and reliable solution for F-P sensor vibration and pressure measurement in extreme environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of demodulation of optical fiber sensors, in particular to a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method, a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement system and demodulation anti-aliasing measurement equipment for an optical fiber F-P sensor.
Background
Fiber optic F-P sensors are one type of sensor commonly used for vibration measurement and pressure monitoring in extreme environments, however, random vibration links present challenges to the performance of the F-P sensor because the optical path length within the F-P air cavity is affected by vibration under varying vibration environmental conditions to produce linear changes. According to the Nyquist sampling law, at this time, if the spectrum sampling rate is lower than the highest frequency twice of the vibration signal, the measured F-P cavity length value will be caused to generate a periodical aliasing phenomenon, so that the accuracy and stability of the cavity length data under the measurement of the high-frequency signal are reduced. Such aliasing errors can affect the reliability of experimental results, leading to severe distortion of signal waveforms and instability of frequency measurements. Thus, there is an urgent need for a new solution that can effectively address this challenge. To solve this problem, it is common to use increasing the sampling rate of a spectrometer as an anti-aliasing means, or to splice spectral signals using a multi-channel spectrometer, and by increasing the sampling rate, the bandwidth of the measurement system can be increased, and the upper limit of the measurable signal frequency can be increased.
The invention patent application document with the application number 202011413621.4 discloses a self-adaptive infrared sensor signal sampling algorithm, the validity and stability of sampling data are improved by taking mean square error as a judging condition, the reliability and the robustness of a temperature measurement result are ensured, and the calculation resources are optimized to a certain extent by dynamically adjusting the quantity of the sampling data. The invention patent application document with the application number 202110509184.4 discloses a high-frequency anti-aliasing band-pass optical analog-digital conversion device, which realizes the anti-aliasing of digital signals through band-pass filtering and non-aliasing digitization of the signals. However, neither of these methods takes into account the allocation and instantaneity of the computing resources, so that demodulation accuracy and resolution cannot be guaranteed.
In addition, the frame rate of the spectrometer limits the demodulation bandwidth of the sensor demodulation system, thereby limiting the application of the demodulation system in high-frequency dynamic pressure measurement. Therefore, the method has great significance in improving the frame frequency of spectrum acquisition and further improving the demodulation bandwidth of the optical fiber F-P sensor. A time-sharing exposure and spectrum signal fusion technology is adopted, a plurality of spectrometer modules are stacked to form a high-speed spectrometer module, so that the frame frequency of the spectrometer is multiplied, and the high-frame frequency spectrum acquisition is realized. However, this method increases the volume of the demodulation system, making it inconvenient to carry, and non-equidistant sampling caused by cross sampling may also cause errors in the demodulated data.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method, a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement system and demodulation anti-aliasing measurement equipment for an optical fiber F-P sensor, which are used for adjusting the sampling rate in real time based on an adaptive sampling technology and adaptive model reference control, improving the accuracy of the overall sampling rate and signal reconstruction and realizing the demodulation anti-aliasing measurement of the optical fiber F-P sensor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method for the optical fiber F-P sensor comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing a sampling rate error model according to a cavity length signal input by a superior demodulation system;
S2, based on a sampling rate error model, determining an adaptive control rate of the sampling rate, so that the sampling rate can be adaptively adjusted when signals are aliased;
s3, further realizing equidistant sampling by a trigonometric fitting function interpolation method on the basis of the sampling rate obtained in the step S2;
And S4, sampling according to the sampling points determined in the step S3, and calculating the signal frequency of the sampling points.
Further, the specific operation of step S1 includes the following steps:
s101, according to the cavity length signal input by the upper demodulation system Determining a sampled signal model;
Wherein n is the number of sampling points,The cavity length signal input for the superior demodulation system, t represents the sampling time,The sampling rate, in Hz,Representing a unit impulse function;
s102, calculating the signal phase at the current sampling rate according to a transfer equation;
s103, calculating the phase in the last sampling rate state according to a reference model;
s104, determining an error function according to the phase difference corresponding to the two adjacent sampling rates;
s105, determining a calculation method of the error e.
Further, in step S102, the signal phase at the current sampling rate is expressed as;
In the formula,The output of the signal is represented by,Which represents the phase of the signal and,Is the first derivative of the phase, i.e. the frequency of the signal, freq is a calculated function of the frequency,Representing the feedback sample signal and,As a control coefficient of the forward channel,Is controlled by。
Further, in step S103, the phase in the last sampling rate state is expressed as:;
In the formula, For the signal output in the last sample rate state,Representing the phase of the signal at the last sample rate state,Representing the frequency at the last sample rate state, i.e. the reference model.
Further, the error function in step S104 is expressed as;
Where e denotes the error and f denotes the signal frequency at the current sampling rate, i.eIntroducing parametersAndFor a pair ofControl is performed so as to change the sampling rate,Indicating the direction of adjustment of the sampling rate, positive up-regulation, negative down-regulation,Indicating the adjustment amountIf e is smaller than the error threshold, the sampling rate is larger than twice or more of the highest frequency of the acquired signal, the sampling rate does not need to be improved, and if e is larger than the error threshold, aliasing is indicated.
Further, in step S105, a calculation error e of a fracture function is introduced, where the fracture function is expressed as;
In the formula,The broken part is indicated as a broken part,Extreme points of (2) areIs a zero point of (c).
Further, the specific operation of step S2 includes the following steps:
S201, adjusting the sampling frequency and the initial phase ;
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe virtual interpolation point is the real interpolation pointIs an integer;
s202, determining an adaptive control rate;
The adaptive control rate is expressed as ;
S203, determining by gradient descent method:;
Wherein, For the number of iterations,In order for the rate of learning to be high,As a function of the break down,For gradient calculations.
Further, the specific operation of step S3 includes the following steps:
S301, obtaining three points by sampling the three points 、AndInterpolation to obtain:;
S302, determiningIs a position of (2);。
Further, the invention also comprises an optical fiber F-P sensor demodulation anti-aliasing measurement system, wherein the anti-aliasing measurement system comprises a reference model module, a transfer equation module, an error identification module, an adaptive rate adjustment module, an interpolation module and a total control module;
The system comprises a reference model module, an adaptive rate adjusting module, an interpolation module, a total control module, an error identifying module, an adaptive rate adjusting module, a reference model module and a transmission equation module, wherein the reference model module is used for calculating the phase of the last sampling rate state, the transmission equation module is used for calculating the signal phase of the current sampling rate;
The reference model module, the transfer equation module, the error identification module, the adaptive rate adjustment module, the interpolation module and the overall control module are realized based on the anti-aliasing measurement method as described above.
Further, the invention also includes an electronic device comprising at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to enable the processor to perform the optical fiber F-P sensor demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method as described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. According to the invention, the self-adaptive sampling technology and the self-adaptive model reference control are adopted, and the sampling rate of the system is adjusted in real time through the interpolation point of the self-adaptive rate according to the frequency information of the acquired signal, so that higher precision and resolution are realized in a key area, the problem of bandwidth limitation is solved, and the allocation of computing resources can be dynamically adjusted, so that the system is ensured to reasonably respond to the continuously-changing requirements and environments.
2. According to the invention, through the interpolation point with the self-adaptive rate, the system can automatically adjust the sampling density according to the signal characteristics so as to ensure that higher precision and resolution are realized in a key area, thereby improving the overall sampling rate and the accuracy of signal reconstruction.
3. The control system based on the adaptive model in the invention iteratively adjusts the controller parameters using an adaptive algorithm. The method not only can provide stability and rapid convergence rate, but also can enhance the robustness of the system to unknown disturbance, effectively cope with challenging vibration environment conditions, provides a high-efficiency and reliable solution for vibration measurement and pressure monitoring in extreme environments, and has wide application prospects in practical engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of an optical fiber F-P vibration sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of aliasing in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of demodulation anti-aliasing measurement of an optical fiber F-P sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of multi-channel adaptive sampling anti-aliasing in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
An embodiment one provides a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method for an optical fiber F-P sensor, light in a broadband light source is transmitted through an optical fiber channel, when the light interferes with a vibration sensitive F-P structure in the optical fiber, the light is transmitted back through the optical fiber channel and is transmitted to a demodulation system through a ring structure in the light source, and a regularly-changed sine cavity length data curve can be obtained through demodulation, as shown in fig. 1. Sampling the sine curve obtained after demodulation, if the sampling rate is insufficient, aliasing will occur on the spectrum sidebands, and the frequency of the curve cannot be obtained correctly, as shown in fig. 2. According to the invention, the distance between each frequency band is widened by adaptively increasing the sampling rate, and finally the frequency of the signal is calculated by a frequency demodulation algorithm. The self-adaptive sampling rate increasing is carried out by taking the phase as a judgment basis, if the phase difference between the phase in the previous sampling rate state and the phase in the current state does not exceed a threshold value, the sampling rate does not need to be increased, and if the phase difference between the phase in the previous sampling rate state and the phase in the current state exceeds the threshold value, the sampling rate is proved to be insufficient, and the sampling rate is not required to be increased, as shown in figure 3. According to the method, the sampling rate does not need to be regulated and controlled artificially, and the adaptability of the system to variable frequency signals is improved.
Based on the principle, the anti-aliasing measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, establishing a sampling rate error model according to a cavity length signal input by a superior demodulation system;
more specifically, S101, according to the cavity length signal input by the superior demodulation system Determining a sampled signal model;
In the invention, the sampling function adopts a Dirac comb function, and a signal model obtained by sampling according to the Dirac comb function is expressed as ;
Wherein n is the number of sampling points,The cavity length signal input for the superior demodulation system, t represents the sampling time,The sampling rate, in Hz,Representing a unit impulse function.
It can be seen from the dirac comb function and the variable fourier series derivation that the frequency domain of the input signal is also a discrete function, so that the frequency spectrum of the input signal is shifted to obtain;
In the formula,Is a constant, T s is the sampling time interval, is the sampling rateIs given in s.
S102, calculating the signal phase at the current sampling rate according to a transfer equation;
At the current sampling rate, the signal phase is calculated by the following formula ;
In the formula,The output of the signal is represented by,Which represents the phase of the signal and,Is the first derivative of the phase, i.e. the frequency of the signal, freq is a calculated function of the frequency,Representing the feedback sample signal and,As a control coefficient of the forward channel,Is controlled by。
S103, calculating the phase in the last sampling rate state according to a reference model;
the reference model being an uncontrolled version of the transfer function, i.e ;
In the formula,Outputting the signal in the last sampling rate state; representing the phase of the signal at the last sample rate state, Representing the frequency at the last sample rate state, i.e. the reference model.
S104, determining an error function according to the phase difference corresponding to the two adjacent sampling rates;
The error function of the invention adopts the phase difference corresponding to the adjacent two sampling rates, namely ;
Where e denotes the error and f denotes the signal frequency at the current sampling rate, i.eIntroducing parametersAndFor a pair ofControl is performed to change the sampling rate,Indicating the direction of adjustment of the sampling rate, positive up-regulation, negative down-regulation,Representing the adjustment amount, thereby obtaining;
From the above formula, the initial phase of the next sampling rate can be obtained byIs calculated due toFor introduction ofBinary functions for frequency modulation, so that only control variables are requiredAnd (3) obtaining the product.
Setting an error threshold, if e is smaller than the error threshold, proving that the sampling rate is larger than twice or more of the highest frequency of the acquired signal without increasing the sampling rate, and if e is larger than the error threshold, proving that aliasing occurs, and then, performing interpolation to perform control rate design. Such a design may make the system more stable. At this time inputIs at the inputOn the basis of which the frequency and initial phase of the modulation are shifted.
S105, determining a calculation method of an error e;
in the present invention, the error e is calculated by introducing a break function expressed as ;
In the formula,The broken part is indicated as a broken part,Extreme points of (2) areCan be searched by a gradient descent methodExtreme points of (i.e. getCoefficient at minimum error is obtainedAndI.e. the optimal sampling rate.
Further, step S2 is to determine an adaptive control rate of the sampling rate based on the sampling rate error model, so that the sampling rate can be adaptively adjusted when aliasing occurs in the signal.
Specifically, S201, it can be seen from the impairment function in step S1 that the impairment function includes the phase information of the signal and the sampling rate control factorIf it is desired to achieve and maintain equal spacing, two parameters, namely frequency and initial phase, are adjusted, expressed as;
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe virtual interpolation point is the real interpolation pointThe formula can be obtained by taking the integer downAnd (3) withCan obtain a relationship ofCorresponding to oneAnd an initial phaseThat is, by changingThe values are phase controlled.
S202, determining an adaptive control rate;
In the invention, the gradient descent is used for control rate design, and the change rate of the sampling rate is expressed as ;
S203, determining by gradient descent method;
Specifically, a differential operator is introduced,;
Can be deduced to;
From the above, it is possible to control the sampling rate to be foundCalculated as;
Wherein, For the number of iterations,In order for the rate of learning to be high,As a function of the break down,For gradient calculations.
Further, step S3, based on the sampling rate obtained in step S2, further realizing equidistant sampling by a trigonometric fitting function interpolation method;
Specifically, the adjusted adaptive control rate in step S2 can be obtained AndTo achieve equally spaced sampling and continue to reduce the mixing probability, a triangular fitting algorithm is used for interpolation in the present invention. The specific formula is as follows:
By sampling the three points, the following three points can be obtained 、AndObtained by interpolation:;
Is obtained by transforming the trigonometric function;
Then。
The numerical value of the interpolation point can be obtained through the step, the numerical value is inserted at the calculated phase position, and the triangular fitting interpolation sampling rate is improved.
Further, in step S4, sampling is performed according to the sampling points determined in step S3, and the signal frequency of the sampling points is calculated.
Through step S2 and step S3, the sampling rate can be adjusted in real time according to the collected signal frequency information, so that it is ensured that the frequency calculation result is not affected by aliasing and errors are generated in the working interval, as shown in fig. 4.
Example two
The second embodiment provides a demodulation anti-aliasing measurement system of an optical fiber F-P sensor, which comprises a reference model module, a transfer equation module, an error identification module, an adaptive rate adjustment module, an interpolation module and a total control module;
The reference model module is used for calculating the phase in the state of the last sampling rate, and the transfer equation module is used for calculating the signal phase in the current sampling rate; the error recognition module judges whether the error exceeds a threshold value after making a difference on the signal phases calculated by the reference model module and the transfer equation module by the self-adaptive rate adjustment module, if the error does not exceed the threshold value, the self-adaptive rate adjustment module adjusts the sampling rate by the interpolation module, and the total control module calculates and outputs the current signal frequency according to the sampling rate output by the self-adaptive rate adjustment module.
It should be noted that the reference model module, the transfer equation module, the error recognition module, the adaptive rate adjustment module, the interpolation module, and the overall control module are implemented according to the method described in the first embodiment.
Example III
An embodiment III provides an electronic device comprising at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to enable the processor to perform the optical fiber F-P sensor demodulation anti-aliasing measurement method described in embodiment one.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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| US5357544A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-10-18 | Texas Instruments, Incorporated | Devices, systems, and methods for composite signal decoding |
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| US5793801A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-08-11 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Frequency domain signal reconstruction compensating for phase adjustments to a sampling signal |
| US6937912B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2005-08-30 | Orban, Inc. | Anti-aliased clipping by band-limited modulation with step functions |
| US6252464B1 (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-06-26 | Cubic Defense Systems, Inc. | Numerically-controlled nyquist-boundary hopping frequency synthesizer |
| JP2011053153A (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-03-17 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Optical fiber distribution type measuring device |
| CN112213560A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-12 | 东南大学 | A high-precision power grid broadband signal measurement method based on Z-ADALINE |
| CN112269054A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-01-26 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司六安供电公司 | Power Adaptive Algorithm Based on Improved Prony |
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| CN112964931B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Non-ideal multi-damping harmonic signal parameter measurement method based on two-channel undersampling |
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| CN118209142A (en) * | 2024-05-11 | 2024-06-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A high-precision demodulation method based on low-fineness FP interferometer |
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