CN118896294A - A vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator, which comprises: a furnace body; a slag breaking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and crushes the fuel slag after combustion and transports it to the bottom of the furnace body; a slag slitting and ash discharging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and below the slag breaking mechanism, so as to output the ash after combustion to the furnace body; and a blasting mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body, and extends through the bottom of the furnace body to below the slag breaking mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body. According to the present invention, by separately controlling the slag breaking mechanism to crush the fuel slag, the slag slitting and ash discharging mechanism to output the ash outside the furnace body, and the blasting mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body, the progress of each mechanism can be controlled, and corresponding operations can be performed when needed. Through the cooperation of each mechanism, the combustion efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

A vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal incineration, and in particular to a vertical fixed-bed thermal incinerator.

Background Art

As my country's environmental pollution control work continues to deepen, incineration and pyrolysis gasification technologies have been increasingly widely used. However, these technologies all have the problems of poor air permeability of materials in the furnace cavity, easy biased burning, easy slagging, poor ash discharge, and uneven air supply in actual applications; this will cause the combustion conditions to deviate from the control requirements, which will directly affect the incineration efficiency, and cause poor treatment effects, difficult to stabilize the working conditions, substandard emissions, and environmental pollution; the advantages of incineration or pyrolysis gasification technology are greatly reduced, and economic and social benefits cannot be improved; policies encourage technological innovation of small incinerators and pyrolysis gasifiers, and the market urgently needs technologies and products with mature technology, stable performance, and substandard emissions. Therefore, the present invention studies and designs a vertical fixed-bed thermal incinerator.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of poor combustion efficiency and low gasification intensity in the combustion process of the thermal furnace in the prior art, thereby providing a vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator, which comprises:

A furnace body, wherein the furnace body is used for adding fuel and burning the fuel;

A slag breaking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and breaks up the fuel slag after combustion and transports it to the bottom of the furnace body;

A slag discharge mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and below the slag breaking mechanism to discharge the burned ash from the furnace body;

An air blowing mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body, passes through the bottom of the furnace body and extends to below the slag breaking mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body;

The control device controls the slag breaking mechanism to break the fuel slag, the slag sliding and ash discharging mechanism to output ash to the outside of the furnace body, and the air blowing mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body.

Preferably, an annular interlayer is provided on the top of the furnace body, and a gap between the annular interlayer and the inner side of the furnace body is provided to form a channel, and a feed pipe and a smoke exhaust pipe are provided on the side walls of the top of the furnace body, respectively, one end of the feed pipe is located outside the furnace body, and the other end of the feed pipe passes through the annular interlayer to the inside of the annular interlayer, and one end of the smoke exhaust pipe is located outside the furnace body, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe passes through the channel;

The bottom of the furnace body is provided with an arc surface, and the bottom of the furnace body is provided with at least two groups of legs;

A furnace hole is arranged in the middle of the furnace body, a furnace door is arranged in the furnace hole, an igniter is arranged on the side wall in the middle of the furnace body, a temperature controller is also arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, and both the temperature controller and the igniter are connected to the control device.

Preferably, a straight pipe is also provided on the top of the furnace body, one end of the straight pipe is connected to the furnace body, a control valve is provided in the straight pipe, the control valve is connected to the control device, and a protective cover is provided at the other end of the straight pipe, and a gap is set between the protective cover and the pipe mouth of the straight pipe.

Preferably, the slag ash discharge mechanism comprises: an ash discharge bin, which is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body, an ash discharge port is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body, one end of the ash discharge bin is connected to the ash discharge port, the other end of the ash discharge bin is connected to an ash discharge pipe, a gate valve is arranged on the ash discharge pipe, and the ash discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge mechanism;

An annular seat is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body near the ash discharge port, the bottom of the annular seat is connected to the bottom of the furnace body, an ash plate is arranged on the annular seat, the edge of the ash plate and the inner side of the inner wall of the furnace body are evenly spaced, and a straight discharge port is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the straight discharge port is detachably connected to a straight discharge port cover.

Preferably, the slag breaking mechanism comprises: at least two layers of grate, and the centers of the grate of two adjacent layers are not located on the same straight line;

An annular plate is arranged on the ash plate, a supporting plate is arranged on the top of the annular plate, and a layer of the grate close to the supporting plate is rotatably connected to the supporting plate;

An operation port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a motor is provided outside the operation port, an output shaft of the motor is connected to a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft passes through the operation port, the ash plate and the support plate, the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the ash plate and the support plate respectively, a first gear is provided at one end of the transmission shaft close to the support plate, a gear ring is provided at the bottom of the grate near the support plate, teeth are provided on the inner side of the gear ring, and the teeth of the first gear and the gear ring are meshed.

Preferably, the grate is provided with three layers, the grate is in a platform shape, and the size of the three layers of the grate increases from top to bottom;

The grate located in the middle is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located below, and the grate located above is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located in the middle;

Each of the grate is respectively provided with a cavity inside.

Preferably, the side of the grate is provided with an inclined surface, and a plurality of slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars are evenly arranged on the inclined surface with the center of the grate as the center of the circle, a plurality of V-shaped protrusions are evenly arranged on the slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars, and a plurality of through holes are evenly arranged between two adjacent slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars.

Preferably, a cone is further arranged above the uppermost grate, and a plurality of crushing blades are evenly arranged on the cone;

An inner extension ring is also arranged inside the furnace body close to the grate, and a plurality of crushing teeth are evenly arranged inside the inner extension ring;

A plurality of ash plows are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the lowest grate, and the ash plows are slidably connected to the ash plates.

Preferably, the blast mechanism comprises a blast pipe, which is arranged at the center of the ash plate, one end of which passes through the support plate and the three layers of the grate in sequence to the uppermost cavity, and the other end of which passes through the ash discharge bin to the outside of the furnace body;

Air gates are arranged on the side walls of the blast pipe near the middle and lower grates, and the air gates are respectively connected with the cavities in the middle and lower grates. A rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the blast pipe, and two shaft supports are arranged on the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the shaft supports, and the shaft supports are connected to the inner side of the blast pipe. A plurality of adjustment blocks are respectively arranged on the rotating shaft near the connecting port, and when the adjustment blocks are respectively rotated to the air gates, the blast pipe and the cavity are closed.

The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention controls the slag crushing mechanism to crush the fuel slag, the slag slitting and ash discharging mechanism to output the ash to the outside of the furnace body, and the blasting mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body, so that the progress of each mechanism can be controlled and corresponding operations can be performed when needed. Through the cooperation of each mechanism, the combustion efficiency of the thermal furnace can be effectively improved and the gasification intensity of the thermal furnace can be improved;

2. The present invention also drives the grate to rotate by the first gear to drive the gear ring at the bottom of the grate. During the rotation of the grate, the shape of the area between the grate and the inner side of the furnace body is adjusted in real time, and the fuel and slag are stirred, squeezed, and crushed to decompose them;

3. The present invention also provides an inner extension ring close to the grate, and provides crushing teeth on the inner side of the inner extension ring. Under the action of the three-layer grate, the fuel and slag in the area are squeezed and crushed in one step, so that they can be easily discharged from the furnace body together with the ash, preventing them from being blocked;

4. The present invention also realizes uniform air supply through multiple layers of independent air supply channels and air door adjustment mechanisms, and realizes real-time adjustment of the air supply volume of each layer according to changes in the working conditions in the furnace, further ensuring the stability of the combustion conditions in the furnace and eliminating the occurrence of uneven burning problems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the general assembly of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grate of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the grate of the present invention.

The reference numerals are as follows:

1. Furnace body; 2. Annular interlayer; 3. Feed pipe; 4. Smoke exhaust pipe; 5. Support leg; 6. Furnace door; 7. Ignitor; 8. Temperature controller; 9. Straight pipe; 10. Rotating shaft; 11. Adjusting block; 12. Cavity; 13. Through hole; 14. Air door; 15. Ash discharge bin; 16. Ash discharge pipe; 17. Annular seat; 18. Ash plate; 19. Ash discharge port; 20. Grate; 21. Annular plate; 22. Support plate; 23. Operation port; 24. Motor; 25. Transmission shaft; 26. First gear; 27. Gear ring; 43. Slag breaking and ash sliding strip; 44. V-shaped protrusion; 46. Cone; 47. Inner extension ring; 48. Crushing teeth; 49. Ash plow; Blast pipe 51. Blast pipe.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention provides a vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator, which includes:

A furnace body 1, wherein the furnace body 1 is used for adding fuel and burning the fuel;

A slag breaking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to break up the fuel slag after combustion and transport it to the bottom of the furnace body 1;

A slag discharge mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 and below the slag breaking mechanism to discharge the burned ash out of the furnace body 1;

An air blowing mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body 1, passes through the bottom of the furnace body 1 and extends to below the slag breaking mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body 1;

The control device controls the slag crushing mechanism to crush the fuel slag, the slag sliding and ash discharging mechanism to output ash to the outside of the furnace body 1, and the air blowing mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body 1. As shown in Fig. 1-3, a vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator is disclosed. During use, combustion begins after fuel is added to the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 can be designed as an integrated type or a segmented type, and is divided into four parts: a top cover, an upper section, a middle section, a lower section, and a base. The furnace wall is cast or stacked with a thermal insulation material. The outer wall of the furnace wall of the top cover and the upper section can be a metal structure, and the inner wall is cast or stacked with a thermal insulation material. Alternatively, the outer wall of the furnace wall of the top cover and the upper section of the furnace body 1 can be a metal structure, and the inner wall is cast or stacked with a thermal insulation material. The outer layer of the furnace wall of the middle section and the lower section of the furnace body 1 is a metal structure, the middle layer is a thermal insulation material, and the inner layer is a metal water jacket structure. The slag breaking mechanism is installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to decompose and crush the slag after combustion, and burn the unburned fuel inside after slag breaking, and the crushed The fuel after combustion is transported to the bottom of the furnace body 1; wherein, the slag ash discharge mechanism is installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the ash after combustion is output from the furnace body 1. At the same time, the incomplete combustion is separated, so that the burned ash is sent out of the furnace body 1 through the slag ash discharge mechanism, and the incomplete combustion remains at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to continue to burn; wherein, the blast mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body 1, so that fresh air is introduced into the furnace body 1, and combustion conditions are provided for continuous combustion in the furnace body 1, so that continuous combustion can be carried out; wherein, the control device respectively controls the slag breaking mechanism to crush the fuel slag, the slag ash discharge mechanism to output ash to the outside of the furnace body 1, and the blast mechanism to pass air into the furnace body 1, so that the progress of each mechanism can be controlled, and corresponding operations can be performed when needed. Through the cooperation of each mechanism, the combustion efficiency can be effectively improved, and the gasification intensity of the gasifier can be improved.

In some embodiments, an annular interlayer 2 is provided on the top of the furnace body 1, and a gap between the annular interlayer 2 and the inner side of the furnace body 1 is provided to form a channel, and a feed pipe 3 and a smoke exhaust pipe 4 are provided on the top side walls of the furnace body 1, respectively, one end of the feed pipe 3 is located on the outside of the furnace body 1, and the other end of the feed pipe 3 passes through the annular interlayer 2 to the inside of the annular interlayer 2, one end of the smoke exhaust pipe 4 is located on the outside of the furnace body 1, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe 4 passes through the channel; an arc-shaped surface is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and at least two groups of legs 5 are provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1; a furnace hole is provided in the middle of the furnace body 1, and a furnace door 6 is provided in the furnace hole, an igniter 7 is provided on the side wall in the middle of the furnace body 1, and a thermostat 8 is also provided on the side wall of the furnace body 1, and the thermostat 8 and the igniter 7 are both connected to the control device. As shown in Fig. 1-3, the annular interlayer 2 is arranged on the top side wall of the furnace body 1, and an annular channel is reserved for it. After the smoke in the combustion process enters the channel between the annular interlayer 2 and the furnace body 1, it is discharged from the furnace body 1 through the smoke exhaust pipe 4; and the fuel can be added to the inner area of the annular interlayer 2 through the feed pipe 3, and then stacked to the bottom of the furnace body 1. In this process, the flow of fuel to the annular interlayer 2 between the interlayer and the furnace body 1 can be effectively reduced, so that the smoke can enter the channel; wherein, an arc surface is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the furnace ash at the bottom of the furnace body 1 can converge to the bottom center of the furnace body 1 along the arc surface; its At least two groups of legs 5 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to further support the entire furnace body 1 so that a gap can be maintained with the ground, which is convenient for the installation of the blast mechanism and ash discharge; wherein, a furnace hole is arranged in the middle of the furnace body 1, the furnace hole and the furnace door 6 are hinged on one side and detachably connected on the other side, a sealing layer is arranged between the furnace hole and the furnace door 6, and the furnace door 6 is designed with a thermal insulation layer and a fire viewing port, which is convenient for observing the internal combustion situation through the furnace door 6, wherein the igniter 7 and the thermostat 8 are commercially available, which respectively perform the functions of igniting the furnace body 1 and monitoring the temperature in the furnace body 1, and the ignition and temperature measurement are controlled by the control device.

Specifically, according to the arrangement inside the furnace body 1, the space inside the furnace body 1 is divided into a feeding zone, a combustion zone and an ash zone from the top to the bottom of the furnace body 1, which is determined by the combustion position. The heat in the combustion process dries the unburned fuel upwards, and pyrolysis and gasification are carried out during the combustion process. The fresh air entering through the blowing mechanism provides support for its oxidation and reduction, and the separated furnace ash enters the ash zone.

In some embodiments, a straight pipe 9 is further provided at the top of the furnace body 1, one end of the straight pipe 9 is connected to the furnace body 1, a control valve is provided in the straight pipe 9, the control valve is connected to the control device, a protective cover is provided at the other end of the straight pipe 9, and a gap is set between the protective cover and the pipe mouth of the straight pipe 9. As shown in Fig. 1-3, when there is too much smoke in the furnace body 1, the straight pipe 9 provided on the top of the furnace body 1 can also be used to discharge the smoke to the outside of the furnace body 1, and the control valve is opened by the control device, and the control valve is commercially available, so that the smoke exhaust channel is opened to discharge the smoke therein, and the protective cover can be designed in a conical shape, and the gap between the protective cover and the pipe mouth of the straight pipe 9 is set so that the smoke can be discharged, and the protective cover can protect the impurities outside the furnace body 1 from entering the straight pipe 9, wherein the connection between the protective cover and the straight pipe 9 can be connected by multiple connecting rods to maintain the gap setting between the two.

As shown in Figures 1-3, in some embodiments, the slag ash discharge mechanism includes: an ash discharge bin 15, which is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body 1, and an ash discharge port 19 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body 1, one end of the ash discharge bin 15 is connected to the ash discharge port 19, and the other end of the ash discharge bin 15 is connected to an ash discharge pipe 16, and a plug valve is arranged on the ash discharge pipe 16, and the ash discharge pipe 16 is connected to a slag discharge mechanism; an annular seat 17 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1 near the ash discharge port 19, the bottom of the annular seat 17 is connected to the bottom of the furnace body 1, and an ash plate 18 is arranged on the annular seat 17, and the edge of the ash plate 18 and the inner side of the inner wall of the furnace body 1 are evenly spaced, and a straight discharge port is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the straight discharge port is detachably connected to a straight discharge port cover. As shown in Figures 1-3, an ash discharge bin 15 is arranged at the bottom center of the furnace body 1. The ash discharge bin 15 further collects the ash. The ash discharge port 19 at the bottom of the furnace body 1 is connected to the ash discharge bin 15. After being transported to the ash discharge pipe 16, it enters the slag discharge mechanism after opening the plug-in valve. The slag discharge mechanism can be a screw conveyor to transport the collected ash to the transfer, wherein the edge of the ash plate 18 and the inner side of the inner wall of the furnace body 1 are evenly spaced, and the gap size can allow small particles to pass through. The incompletely burned fuel will be on the ash plate 18, and the burned ash can pass through the gap, wherein the ash plate 18 is supported by an annular seat 17, and the annular seat 17 can be formed by a plurality of evenly distributed connecting rods. The gap between each connecting rod allows the ash to flow to the ash discharge port 19. When there is a lot of ash in the furnace body 1, it can also be discharged through the straight discharge port. The straight discharge port is detachably connected with a straight discharge port cover, which can be in the form of a screw connection or a flange connection.

In some embodiments, the slag breaking mechanism includes: at least two layers of grates 20, and the centers of the two adjacent layers of the grates 20 are not located on the same straight line; an annular plate 21 is provided on the ash plate 18, a support plate 22 is provided on the top of the annular plate 21, and a layer of the grate 20 close to the support plate 22 is rotatably connected to the support plate 22; an operating port 23 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, a motor 24 is provided outside the operating port 23, and the output shaft of the motor 24 is connected to a transmission shaft 25, the transmission shaft 25 passes through the operating port 23, the ash plate 18 and the support plate 22, and the transmission shaft 25 is rotatably connected to the ash plate 18 and the support plate 22 respectively, a first gear 26 is provided at one end of the transmission shaft 25 close to the support plate 22, and a gear ring 27 is provided at the bottom of a layer of the grate 20 close to the support plate 22, and teeth are provided on the inner side of the gear ring 27, and the teeth of the first gear 26 and the gear ring 27 are meshed. As shown in Figures 1-3, the slag breaking mechanism includes at least two layers of grates 20, and the centers of the two adjacent layers of grates 20 are not located on the same straight line, so that the two adjacent layers of grates 20 are eccentrically arranged with each other. When the lowest grate rotates, the gap between each layer of grate 20 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1 is changed in real time, so that the shape of the area between the grate 20 and the inner side of the furnace body 1 is adjusted in real time; the annular plate 21 on the ash plate 18 supports the support plate 22. At the same time, the annular plate 21 divides the space on both sides, and divides the area of the blast mechanism and the slag discharge mechanism to prevent the blast mechanism from blowing up the ash near the slag discharge mechanism; wherein, an operation port 23 cover is arranged outside the operation port 23 at the bottom of the furnace body 1, which can be in the form of screw connection or flange connection, and the motor 24 is installed on the operation port 23 cover, the motor 24 is commercially available, the motor 24 drives the drive shaft 25, and the motor is a variable frequency motor, which can realize the regulation of the motor speed through the frequency converter. The speed reduction is achieved through the reducer, worm gear and gear ring to achieve the purpose of balanced quantitative ash discharge. The output shaft of the motor 24 and the transmission shaft 25 can be connected by a coupling. The transmission shaft 25 transmits the gear ring 27 at the bottom of the grate 20 through the first gear 26 to drive the grate 20 to rotate. During the rotation of the grate 20, the shape of the area between the grate 20 and the inner side of the furnace body 1 is adjusted in real time, and the fuel and incompletely burned fuel are squeezed and crushed to decompose them.

In some embodiments, the grate 20 is provided with three layers, the grate 20 is in a platform shape, and the size of the three layers of the grate 20 increases from top to bottom;

The grate located in the middle is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located below, and the grate located above is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located in the middle;

Each of the grate 20 is provided with a cavity inside. As shown in Fig. 1-3, the grate 20 is provided with three layers. The shape of the grate 20 is a platform, or a multi-layer polygonal tower. The size of the three-layer grate 20 increases from top to bottom. When the fuel is in the process of going down, it falls on the area between the three-layer grate 20 and the furnace body 1. The design of the grate 20 with three layers and increasing size, the layer height, number of layers and size of the grate change with the change of the furnace type, which helps to burn the incomplete slag downward, and further change the shape of the area between the three-layer grate 20 and the furnace body 1. In this way, the slag located in this space It is squeezed and crushed in real time to improve its crushing effect; wherein, the grate 20 can also be a multi-layer polygonal tower eccentric structure, the layer height and number of layers of the grate 20 vary with the change of the furnace type, the largest layer and the furnace cavity are at the same center, the outer edge of the largest layer maintains a certain gap with the inner wall of the furnace body 1, which is convenient for ash sliding, and the grate 20 above the largest layer is designed to be an eccentric structure, the axis deviation from the axis of the largest layer is greater than 100 mm, the tower slope from the lowest layer of grate 20 to the top layer of grate 20 is greater than 20 degrees, and a cavity is arranged inside each grate.

In some embodiments, a slope is provided on the side of the grate 20, and a plurality of slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars 43 are evenly provided on the slope with the center of the grate 20 as the center of the circle, a plurality of V-shaped protrusions 44 are evenly provided on the slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars 43, and a plurality of through holes 13 are evenly provided between two adjacent slag-breaking and ash-sliding bars 43. As shown in Figures 1-3, an inclined surface is set on the side of the grate 20, and slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars 43 are evenly set on the inclined surface with the center of the grate 20 as the center of the circle. A chute is formed between two adjacent slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars 43, and the shape of the vertical section of the slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars 43 can be an isosceles trapezoid. In this way, the formed chutes have the same shape and the effect is more uniform. The slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars of the entire grate are spiral-shaped as a whole. The V-shaped protrusions 44 on the slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars 43 can increase the contact with the slag, which is convenient for crushing it during the rotation of the grate 20; wherein, there are multiple through holes 13 between two adjacent slag-breaking and ash-chucking bars 43, and the through holes 13 are respectively connected to the cavities 12 of the corresponding grates, so that the new air through the blowing mechanism enters the corresponding cavity and can act upward through the through holes 13, providing conditions for combustion in the furnace body 1.

In some embodiments, a cone 46 is further provided above the top grate 20, and a plurality of crushing blades are evenly provided on the cone 46; an inner extension ring 47 is further provided on the inner side of the furnace body 1 near the grate 20, and a plurality of crushing teeth 48 are evenly provided on the inner side of the inner extension ring 47; a plurality of ash plows 49 are also evenly provided on the outer side of the bottom of the bottom grate 20, and the ash plows 49 are slidably connected to the ash plate 18. As shown in Figs. 1-3, a cone 46 is further provided above the top grate 20, and the bottom center of the cone 46 is connected to the third rotating rod 38. The cone 46 rotates with the top grate 20, and a gap is left between the cone 46 and the top grate 20, so that the cone 46 acts downward along the three-layer grate 20 to disperse and guide the slag that is about to contact the top grate 20. At the same time, the plurality of crushing blades crush the slag and fuel, so that they The combustion is complete, and a plurality of ash plows 49 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the lowest grate 20, which are commercially available. As the grate 20 rotates, it turns over the ash on the ash plate 18 so that it can flow downward, promoting the overall circulation effect. The inner extension ring 47 arranged near the grate 20 has crushing teeth 48 arranged on the inner side of the inner extension ring 47. Under the action of the three-layer grate 20, the fuel and slag in this area are squeezed and crushed in one step, so that they are fully burned to prevent slagging.

In some embodiments, the blast mechanism includes a blast pipe 50, which is arranged at the center of the ash plate 18, one end of the blast pipe 50 passes through the support plate 22 and the three layers of the grate in sequence to the topmost cavity, and the other end of the blast pipe 50 passes through the ash discharge bin 15 to the outside of the furnace body 1; a damper 14 is arranged on the side wall of the blast pipe near the middle and lower grates, and the damper is respectively connected to the cavity 12 of the middle and lower grates, a rotating shaft is arranged in the middle part of the blast pipe, two shaft supports are arranged on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft 10 is rotatably connected to the shaft support, the shaft support is connected to the inner side of the blast pipe, and a plurality of adjustment blocks are respectively arranged near the connecting port of the rotating shaft, and when the adjustment blocks 11 are respectively rotated to the dampers, the blast pipe and the cavity are closed. As shown in Figures 1-3, the blast pipe 50 is installed at the center of the ash board 18, so that the fresh air entering through the blast pipe 51 acts on the bottom of the grate 20 through the blast pipe 50. The other end of the blast pipe 51 is connected to a blower, which is commercially available to provide fresh air to the inside of the furnace body 1. It can also be connected to a steam pipe to provide water vapor for it. The blast pipe is also designed with a steam interface and a control valve, and the amount of steam entering can be controlled by the steam control valve.

Specifically, the blast pipe 51 passes through the middle of the through hole 13 of the grate 20, and the grate 20, the blast chamber and the blast pipe 51 form a complete and sealed air supply cavity. The delivered wind and steam enter the furnace body 1 evenly from the gaps between each layer of the grate 20. The sealing structure of the staggered structure at the gaps forms an effective isolation with the ash and slag, and each has its own way. The new air can enter the furnace body 1 independently from each layer of the grate 20, or it can enter the furnace body 1 at the same time. The air entering the furnace body 1 passes through the ash area and is sent to the oxidation zone to promote the oxidation of the medium in the oxidation zone. At the same time, the steam enters the blast chamber through the entrance of the blast pipe 51, enters the oxidation zone together with the air, and reacts with the carbon element in the oxidation zone to produce water gas, thereby increasing the fuel value of the flue gas. Uniform air supply is achieved through multiple independent air supply channels and air door adjustment mechanisms, and the air supply volume of each layer is adjusted in real time according to the changes in the working conditions in the furnace, further ensuring the stability of the combustion conditions in the furnace and preventing the occurrence of biased burning problems.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator, characterized in that it comprises: A furnace body, wherein the furnace body is used for adding fuel and burning the fuel; A slag breaking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and breaks up the fuel slag after combustion and transports it to the bottom of the furnace body; A slag discharge mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and below the slag breaking mechanism to discharge the burned ash from the furnace body; An air blowing mechanism is arranged outside the furnace body, passes through the bottom of the furnace body and extends to below the slag breaking mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body; The control device controls the slag breaking mechanism to break the fuel slag, the slag sliding and ash discharging mechanism to output ash to the outside of the furnace body, and the air blowing mechanism to introduce air into the furnace body. 2. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with an annular interlayer on the top, and a gap between the annular interlayer and the inner side of the furnace body is provided to form a channel. The furnace body top side walls are provided with a feed pipe and a smoke exhaust pipe, respectively. One end of the feed pipe is located outside the furnace body, and the other end of the feed pipe passes through the annular interlayer to the inside of the annular interlayer. One end of the smoke exhaust pipe is located outside the furnace body, and the other end of the smoke exhaust pipe passes through the channel. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with an arc surface, and the bottom of the furnace body is provided with at least two groups of legs; A furnace hole is arranged in the middle of the furnace body, a furnace door is arranged in the furnace hole, an igniter is arranged on the side wall in the middle of the furnace body, a temperature controller is also arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, and both the temperature controller and the igniter are connected to the control device. 3. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A straight pipe is also arranged on the top of the furnace body, one end of which is connected to the furnace body, a control valve is arranged in the straight pipe, the control valve is connected to the control device, a protective cover is arranged at the other end of the straight pipe, and a gap is arranged at the protective cover and the pipe mouth of the straight pipe. 4. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slag ash discharge mechanism comprises: an ash discharge bin, which is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body, an ash discharge port is arranged at the center of the bottom of the furnace body, one end of the ash discharge bin is connected to the ash discharge port, the other end of the ash discharge bin is connected to an ash discharge pipe, a gate valve is arranged on the ash discharge pipe, and the ash discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge mechanism; An annular seat is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body near the ash discharge port, the bottom of the annular seat is connected to the bottom of the furnace body, an ash plate is arranged on the annular seat, the edge of the ash plate and the inner side of the inner wall of the furnace body are evenly spaced, and a straight discharge port is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the straight discharge port is detachably connected to a straight discharge port cover. 5. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slag breaking mechanism comprises: at least two layers of grate, and the centers of the grate of two adjacent layers are not located on the same straight line; An annular plate is arranged on the ash plate, a supporting plate is arranged on the top of the annular plate, and a layer of the grate close to the supporting plate is rotatably connected to the supporting plate; An operation port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a motor is provided outside the operation port, an output shaft of the motor is connected to a transmission shaft, the transmission shaft passes through the operation port, the ash plate and the support plate, the transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the ash plate and the support plate respectively, a first gear is provided at one end of the transmission shaft close to the support plate, a gear ring is provided at the bottom of the grate near the support plate, teeth are provided on the inner side of the gear ring, and the teeth of the first gear and the gear ring are meshed. 6. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grate is provided with three layers, the grate is in a platform shape, and the size of the three layers of the grate increases from top to bottom; The grate located in the middle is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located below, and the grate located above is arranged at an eccentric position of the grate located in the middle; Each of the grate is respectively provided with a cavity inside. 7. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side of the grate is provided with an inclined surface, on which a plurality of slag breaking and ash sliding strips are evenly arranged with the center of the grate as the center of the circle, a plurality of V-shaped protrusions are evenly arranged on the slag breaking and ash sliding strips, and a plurality of through holes are evenly arranged between two adjacent slag breaking and ash sliding strips. 8. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: A cone is also arranged above the uppermost grate, and a plurality of crushing blades are evenly arranged on the cone; An inner extension ring is also arranged inside the furnace body close to the grate, and a plurality of crushing teeth are evenly arranged inside the inner extension ring; A plurality of ash plows are evenly arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the lowest grate, and the ash plows are slidably connected to the ash plates. 9. The vertical fixed bed thermal incinerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The blast mechanism comprises a blast pipe, which is arranged at the center of the ash plate, one end of which passes through the support plate and the three layers of the grate in sequence to the uppermost cavity, and the other end of which passes through the ash discharge bin to the outside of the furnace body; Air gates are arranged on the side walls of the blast pipe near the middle and lower grates, and the air gates are respectively connected with the cavities of the middle and lower grates. A rotating shaft is arranged in the middle part of the blast pipe, and two shaft supports are arranged on the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the shaft supports, and the shaft supports are connected to the inner side of the blast pipe. A plurality of adjustment blocks are respectively arranged on the rotating shaft near the connecting port, and when the adjustment blocks are respectively rotated to the air gates, the blast pipe and the cavity are closed.