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CN118857754B - Test device and control method for thermodynamic state parameters of engine piston inner cooling oil chamber - Google Patents

Test device and control method for thermodynamic state parameters of engine piston inner cooling oil chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118857754B
CN118857754B CN202410877831.0A CN202410877831A CN118857754B CN 118857754 B CN118857754 B CN 118857754B CN 202410877831 A CN202410877831 A CN 202410877831A CN 118857754 B CN118857754 B CN 118857754B
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thermocouple
piston
temperature
lubricating oil
cooling oil
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CN118857754A (en
Inventor
陈贵升
梁玉新
毕玉华
代如
孔维龙
周恒宇
王芯蕊
杨孜
吴松俊
刘水英
吴璇
杨协
吴滤
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/042—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12
    • G01M15/048—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12 by monitoring temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/02—Details or accessories of testing apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/09—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring pressure in fluid ducts, e.g. in lubrication or cooling parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08—Fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermodynamic analysis of an internal cooling oil cavity of an engine piston, and discloses a thermodynamic state parameter testing device and a control method of the internal cooling oil cavity of the engine piston. According to the method, the ECU monitors and analyzes temperature data from the piston and the internal cooling oil cavity and lubricating oil pressure data at the lubricating oil nozzle to obtain an optimal control strategy, and the lubricating oil pump is controlled to change the lubricating oil pressure and the water cooler is controlled to change the flow rate of cooling water according to the all-condition optimal MAP data so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperature of the piston, and the problem that the temperature of the piston is difficult to control in real time is solved.

Description

Thermodynamic state parameter testing device and control method for internal cooling oil cavity of engine piston
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermodynamic analysis of an internal cooling oil cavity of an engine piston, in particular to a device for testing thermodynamic state parameters of the internal cooling oil cavity of the engine piston and a control method.
Background
With the increasing application demands of engines in national defense science and technology and civil fields, the strengthening degree of the engines is continuously improved. High-strength engines are capable of providing greater output power, and increasing the output power necessarily requires engine components to withstand greater mechanical and thermal loads, with the reliability of the components being more severely compromised. The piston is used as one of the most critical parts in the engine and directly bears the combined action of the gas pressure and the high-temperature gas. When the engine is subjected to a large heat load for a long time, the problems of piston head ablation, pin boss cracking, ring groove burning and the like are easy to occur, and the reliability of the engine is directly affected. Therefore, monitoring and acquiring thermodynamic state parameters of the piston and the internal cooling oil cavity, and controlling the temperature of the piston in real time based on the monitored parameters is one of the key technologies very necessary for the engine;
The conventional technology at present mainly comprises 1, a technology for cooling the piston inner cavity by directly spraying lubricating oil. The lubricant nozzle is used for directly spraying lubricant to cool the inner cavity of the piston. Because the pressure of the lubricating oil at the lubricating oil nozzle is fixed, the cooling effect of the cooling mode is unchanged, and 2, the cooling technology of the conventional internal cooling oil cavity is adopted. The conventional internal cooling oil cavity cooling technology adopts the structure that a nozzle is connected with a lubricating system in an engine, and lubricating oil is sprayed to an internal cooling oil cavity through the nozzle by means of lubricating oil pressure of the lubricating system, so that the piston is cooled, and because the piston rapidly reciprocates in a machine body when the engine runs, the temperature monitoring of the piston and the internal cooling oil cavity is very difficult, and the real-time control of the temperature of the piston is also very difficult, so that the conventional technology cannot realize the real-time control of the temperature of the piston at present;
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device for testing thermodynamic state parameters of a cold oil cavity in an engine piston and a control method thereof, has the advantages of accurate control and the like, and solves the technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
The technical scheme is that the thermodynamic state parameter testing device for the cold oil cavity in the engine piston comprises a cylinder wall and a valve which are arranged on the inner side of an engine body, and also comprises an ECU, a water cooler, a thermocouple and a storage battery, wherein the thermocouple comprises a first thermocouple, a second thermocouple, a third thermocouple, a fourth thermocouple, a fifth thermocouple, a sixth thermocouple and a seventh thermocouple;
The inner side of the cylinder wall is provided with a piston, the inner side of a piston skirt part is respectively provided with a first heat insulation box and a second heat insulation box, a third thermocouple, a fourth thermocouple and a fifth thermocouple are respectively arranged inside the piston and close to the upper surface, an inner cooling oil cavity is arranged inside the piston, the inner side surface of the inner cooling oil cavity is respectively provided with a second thermocouple and a sixth thermocouple, the outlet of the inner cooling oil cavity is provided with a first thermocouple, the inlet of the inner cooling oil cavity is provided with a seventh thermocouple, a data acquisition circuit is packaged in the first heat insulation box, and a high-temperature resistant battery is arranged in the second heat insulation box;
The engine is characterized in that a crankshaft is arranged on the lower side of the piston, a first magnetic induction charging module is arranged on the inner side of a cylinder wall on the right side of the piston, a second magnetic induction charging module is arranged on the right side of a piston skirt portion, a lubricating oil nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder wall, a lubricating oil outlet of the lubricating oil nozzle faces to an inlet of an internal cooling oil cavity, a lubricating oil pressure sensor is arranged on a mounting base of the lubricating oil nozzle, a sensing head of the lubricating oil pressure sensor is in contact with lubricating oil, a Bluetooth receiving module is arranged on the inner side of an engine body on the right side of the cylinder wall, and a lubricating oil pump connected with the lubricating oil nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the engine body.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the thermocouple is in circuit connection with the data acquisition circuit, the temperature data of the piston acquired by the thermocouple is transmitted to the data acquisition circuit, and the data acquisition circuit processes the temperature signal acquired by the thermocouple and then transmits the signal to the Bluetooth receiving module in the form of Bluetooth transmitting signal, and the signal is transmitted to the ECU.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, one side of the high-temperature-resistant battery is communicated with the second magnetic induction charging module through a circuit, and the other side of the high-temperature-resistant battery is communicated with the data acquisition circuit through a circuit.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the second magnetic induction charging module and the first magnetic induction charging module are arranged at intervals, and the second magnetic induction charging module and the first magnetic induction charging module are composed of an inductance coil and a circuit control chip and are used for charging a high-temperature-resistant battery.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the thermocouple is a K-type thermocouple, and the temperature measurement range is-20-600 ℃.
The invention also provides a control method for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil cavity in the engine piston, which uses the device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil cavity in the engine piston, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a third temperature value of a third thermocouple, a fourth temperature value of a fourth thermocouple and a fifth temperature value of a fifth thermocouple, and taking the largest value among the third temperature value, the fourth temperature value and the fifth temperature value as a piston temperature D1;
S2, acquiring a first temperature value of a first thermocouple, a second temperature value of a second thermocouple, a sixth temperature value of a sixth thermocouple and a seventh temperature value of a seventh thermocouple, and comprehensively evaluating to obtain internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2;
S3, acquiring a first pressure value of a lubricating oil pressure sensor as lubricating oil pressure data D3;
S4, determining influencing factors such as EGR rate, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection time, fuel multi-injection, lubricant pump rotating speed and cooling water circulating speed through calculation of a three-dimensional combustion model and a finite element analysis and thermodynamic coupling calculation model, outputting effective fuel consumption rate, maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate, a piston temperature peak value and a piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value, and carrying out correlation analysis on the influencing factors and an output target;
s5, after a Latin hypercube sample is used for obtaining a design sample, a transducer agent model is established, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted for multi-objective collaborative optimization, so that an optimal combination scheme of control parameters of a cold oil cavity in a piston is obtained;
S6, taking the effective fuel consumption rate, the maximum explosion pressure and the pressure rise rate as main weights, taking a piston temperature peak value and a piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value as secondary weights, and adopting an optimizing algorithm to obtain full-working-condition optimal MAP data;
And S7, writing all-condition optimal MAP data into the ECU, and obtaining an optimal control strategy by the ECU according to the monitored piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and the lubricating oil pressure data D3 and according to the all-condition optimal MAP data, and enabling an instruction to reach a water cooler and a lubricating oil pump from the ECU for controlling the piston temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil cavity in the engine piston and the control method, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, the ECU monitors and analyzes temperature data from the piston and the internal cooling oil cavity and lubricating oil pressure data at the lubricating oil nozzle to obtain an optimal control strategy, and the lubricating oil pump is controlled to change the lubricating oil pressure and the water cooler is controlled to change the flow rate of cooling water according to the all-condition optimal MAP data, so that the purpose of controlling the temperature of the piston is achieved, and the problem that the temperature of the piston is difficult to control in real time is solved.
2. According to the invention, through a multi-objective optimization technology, a large amount of data obtained by calculation from a three-dimensional combustion model, finite element analysis and a thermodynamic coupling calculation model are analyzed through the multi-objective optimization technology, and finally, full-working-condition optimal MAP data for controlling the temperature of the piston is obtained, so that data support is provided for realizing real-time control of the temperature of the piston.
3. According to the invention, through the data of the piston and the internal cooling oil cavity monitored by the monitoring device, a more real boundary condition is provided for constructing a three-dimensional combustion model of an engine and a finite element analysis and thermodynamic coupling calculation model of the internal cooling oil cavity of the piston, which are better in predictability and higher in prediction precision
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general schematic diagram of a thermocouple installation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a thermocouple installation section according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a thermocouple and bolt combination according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the multi-objective optimization of the present invention to obtain full-condition optimal MAP data;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy according to the present invention.
The engine comprises a main body of an engine; 2, a crank shaft, 3, a data acquisition circuit, 4, a first heat insulation box, 5, a cylinder wall, 6, a first thermocouple, 7, a second thermocouple, 8, an internal cooling oil cavity, 9, a third thermocouple, 10, a piston, 11, a valve, 12, a fourth thermocouple, 13, a sixth thermocouple, 14, a fifth thermocouple, 15, a seventh thermocouple, 16, a second heat insulation box, 17, a high-temperature resistant battery, 18, a second magnetic induction charging module, 19, a first magnetic induction charging module, 20, a lubricating oil nozzle, 21, a lubricating oil pressure sensor, 22, a Bluetooth receiving module, 23, an ECU, 24, a storage battery, 25, a lubricating oil pump, 26, a water cooler, 30, a bolt, 31, a thermocouple, 32, a thermocouple wire and 33, a thermocouple protective sleeve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the thermodynamic state parameter testing device for the cold oil cavity in the engine piston comprises a cylinder wall 5 and a valve 11 which are arranged on the inner side of an engine body 1, and further comprises an ECU23, a water cooler 26, a thermocouple 31 and a storage battery 24, wherein the thermocouple 31 comprises a first thermocouple 6, a second thermocouple 7, a third thermocouple 9, a fourth thermocouple 12, a fifth thermocouple 14, a sixth thermocouple 13 and a seventh thermocouple 15;
The inner side of the cylinder wall 5 is provided with a piston 10, the inner side of a skirt part of the piston 10 is provided with a first heat insulation box 4 and a second heat insulation box 16 respectively, a third thermocouple 9, a fourth thermocouple 12 and a fifth thermocouple 14 are respectively arranged inside the piston 10 and close to the upper surface, an inner cooling oil cavity 8 is arranged inside the piston 10, the inner side surface of the inner cooling oil cavity 8 is provided with a second thermocouple 7 and a sixth thermocouple 13 respectively, the outlet of the inner cooling oil cavity 8 is provided with a first thermocouple 6, the inlet of the inner cooling oil cavity 8 is provided with a seventh thermocouple 15, a data acquisition circuit 3 is packaged in the first heat insulation box 4, and a high temperature resistant battery 17 is arranged in the second heat insulation box 16;
The lower side of the piston 10 is provided with a crankshaft 2, the inner side of a cylinder wall 5 on the right side of the piston 10 is provided with a first magnetic induction charging module 19, the right side of a skirt part of the piston 10 is provided with a second magnetic induction charging module 18, the bottom of the cylinder wall 5 is provided with a lubricating oil nozzle 20, a lubricating oil outlet of the lubricating oil nozzle 20 faces to an inlet of an internal cooling oil cavity 8, a mounting base of the lubricating oil nozzle 20 is provided with a lubricating oil pressure sensor 21, a sensing head of the lubricating oil pressure sensor 21 is contacted with lubricating oil, the inner side of an engine body 1 on the right side of the cylinder wall 5 is provided with a Bluetooth receiving module 22, and the bottom of the engine body 1 is provided with a lubricating oil pump 25 with an oil path connected with the lubricating oil nozzle 20.
Further, the thermocouple 31 is in circuit connection with the data acquisition circuit 3, and transmits the temperature data of the piston acquired by the thermocouple 31 to the data acquisition circuit 3, and the data acquisition circuit 3 processes the temperature signal acquired by the thermocouple, then transmits the signal to the Bluetooth receiving module 22 in the form of a Bluetooth transmitting signal, and transmits the signal to the ECU23.
Further, one side of the high temperature resistant battery 17 is communicated with the second magnetic induction charging module 18 through a circuit, and the other side is communicated with the data acquisition circuit 3 through a circuit.
Further, the second magnetic induction charging module 18 and the first magnetic induction charging module 19 are arranged at intervals, and the second magnetic induction charging module 18 and the first magnetic induction charging module 19 are composed of an inductance coil and a circuit control chip and are used for charging the high-temperature-resistant battery 17.
Further, the thermocouple 31 is a K-type thermocouple, and the temperature measurement range is-20-600 ℃.
The thermocouple 31 is fixed on the thermocouple protection sleeve 33, the thermocouple protection sleeve 33 is integrated with the bolt 30, a thermocouple wire 32 is arranged at the tail part of the thermocouple 31, the thermocouple wire 32 is connected with a circuit and used for transmitting a temperature signal, the thermocouple 31 is installed in a mode shown in fig. 2 and 3, the bolt 30 with the thermocouple fixed inside is fixed on the piston 10 through threads, and finally the purpose of fixing the thermocouple 31 on the piston is achieved.
The battery 24, the battery 24 is preferably and matched to a battery produced based on lithium iron phosphate technology. The storage battery 24 is connected with the first magnetic induction charging module 19 through a circuit, and supplies power to the first magnetic induction charging module 19. The battery 24 is also connected to the lubricant pump 25 by an electrical circuit, which supplies power to the lubricant pump 25.
The water cooler 26, the water cooler 26 is a cooler with adjustable cooling effect. One side of the water cooler 26 is connected with the lubricating oil pump 25 through an oil way, the other side of the water cooler 26 is connected with the lubricating oil nozzle 20 through an oil way, and the water cooler 26 is arranged outside the engine body 1 and is mainly used for cooling lubricating oil;
The invention also provides a control method for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil cavity in the engine piston, which uses the device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil cavity in the engine piston, and comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a third temperature value of a third thermocouple 9, a fourth temperature value of a fourth thermocouple 12 and a fifth temperature value of a fifth thermocouple 14, and taking the largest value among the third temperature value, the fourth temperature value and the fifth temperature value as a piston temperature D1;
S2, acquiring a first temperature value of the first thermocouple 6, a second temperature value of the second thermocouple 7, a sixth temperature value of the sixth thermocouple 13 and a seventh temperature value of the seventh thermocouple 15, and comprehensively evaluating to obtain internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2;
the computational expression for the comprehensive evaluation is as follows:
η1+η2=1
Wherein, T 7 is a seventh temperature value, T 1 is a first temperature value, T 6 is a sixth temperature value, T 2 is a second temperature value, η 1 and η 2 are coefficients;
S3, acquiring a first pressure value of the lubricating oil pressure sensor 21 as lubricating oil pressure data D3;
s4, constructing a three-dimensional combustion model of the engine and a finite element analysis and thermodynamic coupling calculation model of a cold oil cavity in the piston 10, which are better in predictability and higher in prediction accuracy, through the monitored first temperature value, the second temperature value, the third temperature value, the fourth temperature value, the fifth temperature value, the sixth temperature value, the seventh temperature value and the first pressure value, determining that influencing factors are EGR rate, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection time, fuel multi-injection, lubricant pump rotating speed and cooling water circulation speed through the calculation of the three-dimensional combustion model and the finite element analysis and thermodynamic coupling calculation model, and performing correlation analysis on the influencing factors and the output targets, wherein the output targets are effective fuel consumption rate, maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate, piston temperature peak value and piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value;
S5, after a Latin hypercube sample is used for obtaining a design sample, a transducer agent model is established (the transducer agent model is an algorithm for expanding the sample and is not repeated here), and a multi-target optimization algorithm is adopted for multi-target collaborative optimization, so that an optimal combination scheme of control parameters of the inner cooling oil cavity of the piston 10 is obtained;
the design samples comprise EGR rate, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection time, fuel multiple injection, lubricant pump rotation speed, cooling water circulation speed, effective fuel consumption rate, maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate, piston temperature peak value, and piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value;
The multi-objective collaborative optimization refers to multi-objective collaborative optimization of targets such as effective fuel consumption rate, maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate, piston temperature peak value, piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value and the like by taking EGR rate, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection time, fuel multiple injection, lubricant pump rotating speed and cooling water circulation speed as influencing factors;
S6, taking the effective fuel consumption rate, the maximum explosion pressure and the pressure rise rate as main weights, taking a piston temperature peak value and a piston heat engine coupling stress/strain peak value as secondary weights, and adopting an optimizing algorithm to obtain full-working-condition optimal MAP data;
S7, writing all-condition optimal MAP data into the ECU23, and obtaining an optimal control strategy by the ECU23 according to the monitored piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and the lubricating oil pressure data D3 and according to the all-condition optimal MAP data, and enabling an instruction to reach the water cooler 26 and the lubricating oil pump 25 from the ECU for controlling the temperature of the piston 10;
The process of the ECU executing the strategy/command is as follows:
Acquiring piston temperature data D1, internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and lubricating oil pressure data D3;
Executing a strategy of cooling water flow rate and lubricating oil pump rotating speed of the Y1 optimal water cooler according to all-condition optimal MAP data corresponding to the piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and the lubricating oil pressure data D3;
executing a strategy of cooling water flow rate and lubricating oil pump rotating speed of the Y2 optimal water cooler according to all-condition optimal MAP data corresponding to the piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and the lubricating oil pressure data D3;
......
executing a Yn optimal water cooler cooling water flow rate and lubricating oil pump rotating speed strategy according to all-condition optimal MAP data corresponding to the piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil cavity temperature data D2 and the lubricating oil pressure data D3;
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1.发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，包括设置于发动机机体(1)内侧的气缸壁(5)和气门(11)，其特征在于：还包括ECU(23)、水冷器(26)、热电偶(31)和蓄电池(24)，所述热电偶(31)包括第一热电偶(6)、第二热电偶(7)、第三热电偶(9)、第四热电偶(12)、第五热电偶(14)、第六热电偶(13)和第七热电偶(15)；1. A device for testing thermodynamic state parameters of a cooling oil cavity in an engine piston, comprising a cylinder wall (5) and a valve (11) arranged on the inner side of an engine body (1), characterized in that it also comprises an ECU (23), a water cooler (26), a thermocouple (31) and a battery (24), wherein the thermocouple (31) comprises a first thermocouple (6), a second thermocouple (7), a third thermocouple (9), a fourth thermocouple (12), a fifth thermocouple (14), a sixth thermocouple (13) and a seventh thermocouple (15); 所述气缸壁(5)内侧设置有活塞(10)，所述活塞(10)裙部内侧分别设置有第一隔热盒(4)和第二隔热盒(16)，所述活塞(10)内部且靠近上表面分别设置有第三热电偶(9)、第四热电偶(12)和第五热电偶(14)，所述活塞(10)内部设置有内冷油腔(8)，所述内冷油腔(8)内侧面分别设置有第二热电偶(7)和第六热电偶(13)，所述内冷油腔(8)出口处设置有第一热电偶(6)，所述内冷油腔(8)入口处设置有第七热电偶(15)，所述第一隔热盒(4)内封装有数据采集电路(3)，所述第二隔热盒(16)内设置有耐高温电池(17)；A piston (10) is arranged on the inner side of the cylinder wall (5), a first heat insulation box (4) and a second heat insulation box (16) are arranged on the inner side of the skirt of the piston (10), a third thermocouple (9), a fourth thermocouple (12) and a fifth thermocouple (14) are arranged inside the piston (10) and close to the upper surface, an inner cooling oil chamber (8) is arranged inside the piston (10), a second thermocouple (7) and a sixth thermocouple (13) are arranged on the inner side surface of the inner cooling oil chamber (8), a first thermocouple (6) is arranged at the outlet of the inner cooling oil chamber (8), and a seventh thermocouple (15) is arranged at the inlet of the inner cooling oil chamber (8), a data acquisition circuit (3) is encapsulated in the first heat insulation box (4), and a high temperature resistant battery (17) is arranged in the second heat insulation box (16); 所述活塞(10)下侧设置有曲轴(2)，所述活塞(10)右侧的气缸壁(5)内侧设置有第一磁感充电模块(19)，所述活塞(10)裙部右侧设置有第二磁感充电模块(18)，所述气缸壁(5)底部设置有润滑油喷嘴(20)，所述润滑油喷嘴(20)的润滑油出口处正对着内冷油腔(8)的入口，所述润滑油喷嘴(20)的安装底座设置有润滑油压力传感器(21)，所述润滑油压力传感器(21)的传感头部与润滑油接触，所述气缸壁(5)右侧的发动机机体(1)内侧设置有蓝牙接收模块(22)，所述发动机机体(1)的底部设置有油路与润滑油喷嘴(20)连接的润滑油泵(25)。A crankshaft (2) is arranged at the lower side of the piston (10), a first magnetic induction charging module (19) is arranged at the inner side of the cylinder wall (5) on the right side of the piston (10), a second magnetic induction charging module (18) is arranged at the right side of the skirt of the piston (10), a lubricating oil nozzle (20) is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder wall (5), the lubricating oil outlet of the lubricating oil nozzle (20) is directly opposite to the inlet of the internal cooling oil chamber (8), a lubricating oil pressure sensor (21) is arranged at the mounting base of the lubricating oil nozzle (20), the sensing head of the lubricating oil pressure sensor (21) is in contact with the lubricating oil, a Bluetooth receiving module (22) is arranged at the inner side of the engine body (1) on the right side of the cylinder wall (5), and a lubricating oil pump (25) connected with the lubricating oil nozzle (20) is arranged at the bottom of the engine body (1). 2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，其特征在于：所述热电偶(31)与数据采集电路(3)之间电连接，并将热电偶(31)采集的活塞温度数据传输至数据采集电路(3)，所述数据采集电路(3)处理热电偶采集的温度信号后通过蓝牙发射信号的形式将信号传输到蓝牙接收模块(22)，并将信号传输到ECU(23)。2. The device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cooling oil chamber in the engine piston according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thermocouple (31) is electrically connected to the data acquisition circuit (3), and the piston temperature data collected by the thermocouple (31) is transmitted to the data acquisition circuit (3), and the data acquisition circuit (3) processes the temperature signal collected by the thermocouple and transmits the signal to the Bluetooth receiving module (22) in the form of a Bluetooth transmission signal, and transmits the signal to the ECU (23). 3.根据权利要求1所述的发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，其特征在于：所述耐高温电池(17)一侧通过电路与第二磁感充电模块(18)连通，另一侧通过电路与数据采集电路(3)连通。3. The device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cooling oil chamber in the engine piston according to claim 1 is characterized in that one side of the high temperature resistant battery (17) is connected to the second magnetic induction charging module (18) through a circuit, and the other side is connected to the data acquisition circuit (3) through a circuit. 4.根据权利要求1所述的发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，其特征在于：所述第二磁感充电模块(18)和第一磁感充电模块(19)间隔设置，所述第二磁感充电模块(18)和第一磁感充电模块(19)是由电感线圈和电路控制芯片组成，用于耐高温电池(17)充电。4. The device for testing thermodynamic state parameters of the cold oil chamber in the engine piston according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the second magnetic induction charging module (18) and the first magnetic induction charging module (19) are arranged at intervals, and the second magnetic induction charging module (18) and the first magnetic induction charging module (19) are composed of an inductance coil and a circuit control chip, and are used for charging a high temperature resistant battery (17). 5.根据权利要求1所述的发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，其特征在于：所述热电偶(31)为K型热电偶，其测温范围为-20～600℃。5. The device for testing the thermodynamic state parameters of the cooling oil cavity in the engine piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermocouple (31) is a K-type thermocouple with a temperature measurement range of -20 to 600°C. 6.发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试控制方法，使用了权利要求1-5任意一项权利要求所述的一种发动机活塞内冷油腔热力学状态参数测试装置，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：6. A method for controlling the thermodynamic state parameters of the cooling oil chamber in the engine piston, using a thermodynamic state parameter testing device for the cooling oil chamber in the engine piston as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1、获取第三热电偶(9)的第三温度值、第四热电偶(12)的第四温度值、第五热电偶(14)的第五温度值，并取第三温度值、第四温度值和第五温度值中最大的数值作为活塞温度D1；S1, obtaining a third temperature value of the third thermocouple (9), a fourth temperature value of the fourth thermocouple (12), and a fifth temperature value of the fifth thermocouple (14), and taking the largest value among the third temperature value, the fourth temperature value and the fifth temperature value as the piston temperature D1; S2、获取第一热电偶(6)的第一温度值、第二热电偶(7)的第二温度值、获取第六热电偶(13)的第六温度值、第七热电偶(15)的第七温度值，进行综合评价得到内冷油腔温度数据D2；S2, obtaining a first temperature value of the first thermocouple (6), a second temperature value of the second thermocouple (7), a sixth temperature value of the sixth thermocouple (13), and a seventh temperature value of the seventh thermocouple (15), and performing comprehensive evaluation to obtain internal cooling oil chamber temperature data D2; S3、获取润滑油压力传感器(21)的第一压力值为润滑油压力数据D3；S3, obtaining a first pressure value of a lubricating oil pressure sensor (21) as lubricating oil pressure data D3; S4、通过三维燃烧模型和有限元分析与热力学耦合计算模型的计算确定影响因素为EGR率、燃油喷射压力、燃油喷油时刻、燃油多次喷射、润滑油泵转速、冷却水循环速度，输出目标为有效燃油消耗率、最大爆发压力与压力升高率、活塞温度峰值、活塞热机耦合应力/应变峰值，并对影响因素与输出目标进行相关性分析；S4. The influencing factors are determined to be EGR rate, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection timing, multiple fuel injections, lubricating oil pump speed, and cooling water circulation speed through the three-dimensional combustion model and the finite element analysis and thermodynamic coupling calculation model. The output targets are effective fuel consumption rate, maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate, piston temperature peak value, piston thermal-mechanical coupling stress/strain peak value, and the correlation analysis is performed between the influencing factors and the output targets. S5、用拉丁超立方采样获取设计样本后，建立Transformer代理模型，采用多目标优化算法进行多目标协同优化，获得活塞(10)内冷油腔控制参数的最优组合方案；S5, after obtaining the design samples by Latin hypercube sampling, a Transformer proxy model is established, and a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to perform multi-objective collaborative optimization to obtain the optimal combination of control parameters of the cooling oil chamber inside the piston (10); S6、以有效燃油消耗率、最大爆发压力与压力升高率作为主要权重，以活塞温度峰值、活塞热机耦合应力/应变峰值为次要权重，采用寻优算法得到全工况最优MAP数据；S6. Taking effective fuel consumption rate, maximum burst pressure and pressure rise rate as the main weights, and piston temperature peak value and piston thermal engine coupling stress/strain peak value as the secondary weights, an optimization algorithm is used to obtain the optimal MAP data for all working conditions; S7、将全工况最优MAP数据写入ECU(23)，ECU(23)根据监测的活塞温度数据D1、内冷油腔温度数据D2、润滑油压力数据D3，并根据全工况最优MAP数据得到最优控制策略，将指令从ECU(23)下达到水冷器(26)和润滑油泵(25)，用于控制活塞(10)温度。S7. The optimal MAP data under all operating conditions is written into the ECU (23). The ECU (23) obtains an optimal control strategy based on the monitored piston temperature data D1, the internal cooling oil chamber temperature data D2, and the lubricating oil pressure data D3, and the optimal MAP data under all operating conditions. The ECU (23) sends instructions to the water cooler (26) and the lubricating oil pump (25) to control the temperature of the piston (10).
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