CN118855443B - Method for predicting stability of coal bed based on drilling state of coal bed - Google Patents
Method for predicting stability of coal bed based on drilling state of coal bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of coal seam stability prediction, and particularly discloses a method for predicting coal seam stability based on a coal seam drilling state, which comprises the steps of monitoring drilling speed and drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process, identifying abnormal time points of the drilling speed and corresponding relative deviation of the drilling speed, and evaluating the coal seam stability guided by the drilling speed; the method comprises the steps of monitoring the torque and drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process, drawing a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth, evaluating the stability of the coal seam guided by the drilling torque, monitoring the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of a drill bit in the coal seam drilling process, drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency along with time, evaluating the stability of the coal seam guided by the drilling vibration, comprehensively evaluating the stability of the coal seam from various indexes of the drilling speed, the drilling torque and the drilling vibration, further improving the reliability of an evaluation result, guaranteeing the mining safety of a coal mine, and providing safety guidance and decision basis for subsequent mining activities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal seam stability prediction, in particular to a method for predicting the stability of a coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam.
Background
With the increase of the mining depth of the coal mine, the ground stress is increased, and disasters such as gas outburst, coal and gas outburst and the like are easily caused. When the coal seam drilling operation is carried out, the prediction of the stability of the coal seam is an important link, and is also an important subject in mining engineering and geological engineering, so that the safety and efficiency of mining are related, and the environmental protection and the reasonable utilization of resources are directly influenced. Therefore, predicting the stability of the coal seam has extremely important significance in the aspects of ensuring the safe production of the coal mine, improving the utilization rate of resources, protecting the environment and the like.
However, the existing method for predicting the stability of the coal seam still has some limitations and disadvantages in practical application.
For example, the prior Chinese patent publication No. CN106032753A discloses a system and a method for predicting the stability of a coal seam by using the drilling state of the coal seam, and the invention aims to quantitatively describe the drilling state of the coal seam so as to provide a reference for predicting the stability of the coal seam. The drilling state testing system of the drilling machine in the drilling operation process of the drilling machine monitors the actual output power of the drilling machine in the operation process in real time. When the actual output power is stable and is not more than the rated power of the drilling machine, the drilling process can be considered normal, the stability of the drilled coal seam is good, when the actual output power fluctuation is relatively large or exceeds the rated power of the drilling machine for a long time, the drilling is considered abnormal, the stability of the drilled coal seam is poor, an alarm system is started, the operation workers and engineering technicians are reminded to take corresponding outburst prevention measures, and coal and gas outburst accidents are prevented.
However, the above patent only judges whether the coal seam is stable according to the output power of the drilling machine during operation, and the analyzed index is single and is not enough to be multi-faceted, so that the coal seam stability evaluation system is not perfect enough, the reliability and the rigor of the coal seam stability evaluation result are reduced, and the situation of misjudgment is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting the stability of a coal bed based on the drilling state of the coal bed, which comprises the following steps of firstly, monitoring and analyzing the drilling speed of the coal bed, namely, acquiring the drilling speed and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal bed, identifying abnormal time points of each drilling speed in the drilling process of the coal bed, analyzing the relative deviation of the drilling speed of each abnormal time point of each drilling speed, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling speed.
And step two, monitoring and analyzing the drilling torque of the coal seam, namely acquiring the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, drawing a change curve of the drilling depth of the torque in the drilling process of the coal seam, comparing the change curve with each sample curve of the drilling depth of the torque corresponding to unstable coal seam, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling torque.
And thirdly, monitoring and analyzing the drilling vibration of the coal seam, namely acquiring the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude and a change curve of the vibration frequency with time in the drilling process of the coal seam, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling vibration.
And fourthly, comprehensively evaluating the stability of the coal bed, namely analyzing the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bed according to the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling speed, the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling torque and the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling vibration.
And fifthly, early warning and feedback of the drilling risk of the coal bed, namely judging whether the continuous drilling of the coal bed has a safety risk according to the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bed, and if the continuous drilling of the coal bed has the safety risk, carrying out early warning and feeding back to a monitoring and managing department of the drilling construction of the coal bed.
On the basis of the embodiment, the specific analysis process in the first step comprises the steps of setting a time interval for data acquisition and further setting each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process according to an equal time interval principle.
The drilling speed of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained through a drilling speed monitoring instrument, and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained through a depth recorder.
If the difference of the drilling speed between a certain monitoring time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is larger than a preset drilling speed difference threshold, the monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is recorded as a drilling speed abnormal time point, and each drilling speed abnormal time point in the coal seam drilling process is counted.
Based on the above embodiment, the specific analysis process of the first step further includes obtaining the difference of drilling speed between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the monitoring time point adjacent to the abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the difference as,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal time points of the individual forward speeds,And obtaining the difference of the bit pressure and the bit rotation speed between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and respectively marking the differences as。
By analysis of formulasObtaining the relative deviation of drilling speed at each drilling speed abnormal time pointWhereinA compensation amount representing a preset drilling rate difference,The preset thresholds of the differential bit pressure and differential bit rotation speed are respectively represented.
Based on the above embodiment, the specific analysis process of the first step further includes recording abnormal time points of each drilling speed in the coal seam drilling process as time points corresponding to each change of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process, further obtaining an average frequency of the changes of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the average frequency as the average frequency of the changes of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process。
According to the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, screening to obtain the drilling depth corresponding to each change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the drilling depth as,Represents the hardness of the coal bed in the coal bed drilling processThe number of the secondary change is the number,。
Substituting the relative deviation of drilling speed of each abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process into a relation function between the relative deviation of drilling speed and the variation of the coal seam hardness stored in a database to obtain the variation of the hardness corresponding to each variation of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the variation as the variation of the hardness。
By analysis of formulas
Obtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling speedWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined rate of penetration directed coal seam stability factor,Represents a natural constant of the natural product,Weight factors respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,,Threshold values respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,And indicating the influence factor corresponding to the preset unit drilling depth.
Based on the embodiment, the specific analysis process in the second step comprises the step of obtaining the torque of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a torque monitor.
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the drilling depth as an abscissa and the torque as an ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process by utilizing an establishing method of a mathematical model.
On the basis of the embodiment, the specific analysis process of the second step further comprises the steps of extracting corresponding torque drilling depth change sample curves stored in a database when the coal seam is unstable, recording the torque drilling depth change sample curves as different torque drilling depth change sample curves, comparing the torque drilling depth change curves with the different torque drilling depth change sample curves in the coal seam drilling process, obtaining the lengths of curve segments, in the coal seam drilling depth change curves, of which the shape similarity between the torque drilling depth change sample curves and the different torque drilling depth change sample curves is larger than a set similarity threshold value, recording the curve segment lengths, in the coal seam drilling depth change curves, of which the shape similarity between the torque drilling depth change sample curves and the different torque drilling depth change sample curves is identical, and representing the curve segment lengths as the curve segment lengths,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curves,。
By analysis of formulasObtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling torqueWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined drilling torque directed coal seam stability factor,Representing a preset firstThe impact weight of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curve,,And the length of a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process is shown.
Based on the embodiment, the specific analysis process in the third step comprises the step of obtaining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a vibration monitor.
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the monitoring time points as abscissa and the vibration amplitude as ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the vibration amplitude of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude along with time in the coal seam drilling process by using a mathematical model establishing method.
And similarly, according to the method for acquiring the time-dependent change curve of the vibration amplitude in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring the time-dependent change curve of the vibration frequency in the coal seam drilling process.
Acquiring each peak point of a change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring peak deviation of each peak point, if the peak deviation of a certain peak point is larger than a preset peak deviation threshold value, marking the peak point as an abnormal point of vibration amplitude, marking the peak deviation of the peak point as a relative deviation of vibration amplitude, counting the relative deviation of vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, and marking the relative deviation as the vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal points of the vibration amplitude,。
By analysis of formulasObtaining a first coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a first coefficient of stability of the coal seam for a predetermined drilling vibration guide,A threshold value representing a preset relative deviation of the vibration amplitude.
Based on the above embodiment, the specific analysis process in the third step further includes obtaining the fluctuation times, the average fluctuation amount and the disturbance degree of the vibration frequency time-dependent change curve in the coal seam drilling process according to the vibration frequency time-dependent change curve in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the obtained fluctuation times, average fluctuation amount and disturbance degree as respectively。
By analysis of formulasObtaining a second coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a second coefficient of preset drilling vibration guided coal seam stability,Threshold values respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time change curve disturbance degrees,Weights respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time-varying curve disturbance degrees,。
The first coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide and the second coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide are calculated by weighted average to obtain the coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide, and the coefficient is expressed as。
Compared with the prior art, the method for predicting the stability of the coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam has the beneficial effects that 1. The drilling speed in the important index for evaluating the stability of the coal seam is monitored in real time, the change of the stability of the coal seam can be timely found, if the drilling speed abnormally fluctuates, unstable factors such as thinning, breaking zones, geological structures and the like of the front coal seam can be predicted, so that early warning can be provided for engineering personnel, and corresponding safety measures can be adopted to avoid potential accident risks.
2. According to the invention, through real-time monitoring of the drilling torque in the important indexes for evaluating the stability of the coal seam, if the drilling torque suddenly increases, the situation that the coal seam in front encounters hard rock or geological structure is possibly indicated, and potential danger exists, so that early warning can be provided for engineering personnel, corresponding safety measures are adopted, and accidents are avoided.
3. According to the invention, through real-time monitoring of the drilling vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency in the important indexes for evaluating the stability of the coal seam, the change of the stability of the coal seam can be found in time, and when the vibration amplitude suddenly increases or abnormal fluctuation occurs in frequency, the unstable factors such as broken zones, faults and the like of the front coal seam can be predicted, so that timely early warning information is provided for engineering personnel, corresponding safety measures can be taken, and accidents are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the analysis flow chart of the first step of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the components of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the method for predicting the stability of a coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam provided by the invention comprises the following steps of firstly, monitoring and analyzing the drilling speed of the coal seam, namely, acquiring the drilling speed and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, identifying each abnormal time point of the drilling speed in the drilling process of the coal seam, analyzing the relative deviation of the drilling speed of each abnormal time point of the drilling speed, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling speed.
As a preferred solution, referring to fig. 2, the specific analysis process in the first step includes setting a time interval for data acquisition, and further setting each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process according to an equal time interval principle.
It should be noted that, when the time interval of data acquisition is set, it may be recorded every minute or every ten minutes.
The drilling speed of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained through a drilling speed monitoring instrument, and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained through a depth recorder.
The drilling speed monitoring instrument and the depth recorder are mounted on the drilling machine.
It should be noted that the drilling speed monitoring instrument has data recording and transmission functions for subsequent analysis.
In another embodiment, the drilling depth in the time interval between the monitoring time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point is obtained, and the drilling speed of the monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained by dividing the drilling depth by the interval duration between the monitoring time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point.
In another embodiment, the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is obtained through a measuring rope, an electronic range finder and the like.
It should be noted that the drill bit maintains stability and verticality during the coal seam drilling process.
If the difference of the drilling speed between a certain monitoring time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is larger than a preset drilling speed difference threshold, the monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is recorded as a drilling speed abnormal time point, and each drilling speed abnormal time point in the coal seam drilling process is counted.
It should be noted that, the identification of each abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process starts from the second monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process.
The difference in the drilling rate refers to an absolute value of the difference in the drilling rate.
The specific analysis process of the first step further comprises obtaining the difference of drilling speed between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the monitoring time point adjacent to the abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the difference as,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal time points of the individual forward speeds,And obtaining the difference of the bit pressure and the bit rotation speed between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and respectively marking the differences as。
By analysis of formulasObtaining the relative deviation of drilling speed at each drilling speed abnormal time pointWhereinA compensation amount representing a preset drilling rate difference,The preset thresholds of the differential bit pressure and differential bit rotation speed are respectively represented.
The specific analysis process of the first step further comprises recording abnormal time points of each drilling speed in the coal seam drilling process as time points corresponding to each change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, further obtaining the average frequency of the change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the average frequency as the time points of each change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process。
The faster the drilling speed, the lower the coal bed hardness, and the slower the drilling speed, the higher the coal bed hardness. According to the change of the drilling speed, the change condition of the hardness of the coal bed can be primarily judged. If the drilling rate suddenly increases over a range of depths, it may be indicated that the coal seam hardness in that region is decreasing.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the interval duration between each change of the hardness of the coal layer in the coal layer drilling process and the adjacent last change, recording the interval duration as the interval duration between each change of the hardness of the coal layer in the coal layer drilling process, and calculating the average value to obtain the average frequency of the hardness change of the coal layer in the coal layer drilling process.
According to the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, screening to obtain the drilling depth corresponding to each change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the drilling depth as,Represents the hardness of the coal bed in the coal bed drilling processThe number of the secondary change is the number,。
Substituting the relative deviation of drilling speed of each abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process into a relation function between the relative deviation of drilling speed and the variation of the coal seam hardness stored in a database to obtain the variation of the hardness corresponding to each variation of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the variation as the variation of the hardness。
The relation function between the relative deviation of the drilling speed and the variation of the hardness of the coal bed, which are stored in the database, is obtained according to experience of historical coal bed drilling operation and geological exploration data.
By analysis of formulas
Obtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling speedWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined rate of penetration directed coal seam stability factor,Represents a natural constant of the natural product,Weight factors respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,,Threshold values respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,And indicating the influence factor corresponding to the preset unit drilling depth.
If the hardness of the coal seam is greatly changed and frequent abnormal drilling occurs, the coal seam may be predicted to be unstable in structure and have geological structures such as faults and broken bands. Conversely, if the drilling rate is relatively stable, the coal seam hardness change is small, which indicates that the coal seam structure is stable.
The hardness change of the coal bed is judged by monitoring the drilling speed of the drill bit in the coal bed drilling process, so that the stability of the coal bed structure is deduced.
In the embodiment, the drilling speed in the important index for evaluating the stability of the coal seam is monitored in real time, so that the change of the stability of the coal seam can be found in time, if the drilling speed abnormally fluctuates, the unstable factors such as the thinning of the coal seam, the broken belt, the geological structure and the like of the front coal seam can be predicted, and accordingly early warning can be provided for engineering personnel, corresponding safety measures can be taken, and potential accident risks can be avoided.
And step two, monitoring and analyzing the drilling torque of the coal seam, namely acquiring the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, drawing a change curve of the drilling depth of the torque in the drilling process of the coal seam, comparing the change curve with each sample curve of the drilling depth of the torque corresponding to unstable coal seam, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling torque.
The specific analysis process of the second step comprises the step of obtaining the torque of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a torque monitor.
The torque monitor has the functions of high precision, real-time display and data recording, and can accurately measure the torque value in the coal seam drilling process. The torque monitor can be arranged on a transmission system of the drilling machine, so that the drilling torque can be accurately measured.
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the drilling depth as an abscissa and the torque as an ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process by utilizing an establishing method of a mathematical model.
The specific analysis process of the second step further comprises the steps of extracting corresponding torque drilling depth change sample curves stored in a database when the coal seam is unstable, recording the torque drilling depth change sample curves as abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves, comparing the torque drilling depth change curves in the coal seam drilling process with the abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves, obtaining the lengths of curve segments, in the coal seam drilling depth change curves, of which the shape similarity with the abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves is larger than a set similarity threshold, recording the curve segment lengths as curve segment lengths, in the coal seam drilling process, of which the shape similarity with the abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves is identical, and representing the curve segment lengths as the curve segment lengths,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curves,。
By analysis of formulasObtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling torqueWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined drilling torque directed coal seam stability factor,Representing a preset firstThe impact weight of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curve,,And the length of a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process is shown.
In the coal seam drilling process, if abnormal torque change conditions such as sudden torque increase, severe torque fluctuation, continuous torque rise and instability occur, the coal seam instability is indicated.
In the embodiment, the drilling torque in the important index for evaluating the stability of the coal seam is monitored in real time, if the drilling torque suddenly increases, the situation can mean that the coal seam in front encounters hard rock or geological structure and potential danger exists, so that early warning can be provided for engineering personnel, corresponding safety measures are adopted, and accidents are avoided.
And thirdly, monitoring and analyzing the drilling vibration of the coal seam, namely acquiring the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude and a change curve of the vibration frequency with time in the drilling process of the coal seam, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling vibration.
The specific analysis process of the third step comprises the step of obtaining the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a vibration monitor.
The vibration monitor can detect vibration amplitudes and frequencies in different directions. The vibration monitor may be mounted on the body of the drilling rig, the drill pipe or other critical parts.
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the monitoring time points as abscissa and the vibration amplitude as ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the vibration amplitude of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude along with time in the coal seam drilling process by using a mathematical model establishing method.
And similarly, according to the method for acquiring the time-dependent change curve of the vibration amplitude in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring the time-dependent change curve of the vibration frequency in the coal seam drilling process.
Acquiring each peak point of a change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring peak deviation of each peak point, if the peak deviation of a certain peak point is larger than a preset peak deviation threshold value, marking the peak point as an abnormal point of vibration amplitude, marking the peak deviation of the peak point as a relative deviation of vibration amplitude, counting the relative deviation of vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, and marking the relative deviation as the vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal points of the vibration amplitude,。
It should be noted that, the peak deviation of the peak point refers to the difference between the maximum amplitude value of the peak point peak, i.e. the forward direction, on the curve and the plateau value of the curve, and the difference may be used to measure the deviation degree of the curve at the peak with respect to the plateau state.
By analysis of formulasObtaining a first coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a first coefficient of stability of the coal seam for a predetermined drilling vibration guide,A threshold value representing a preset relative deviation of the vibration amplitude.
In the coal seam drilling process, if abnormal vibration amplitude change conditions such as sudden increase of vibration amplitude, continuous increase of vibration amplitude, incapability of stabilizing and the like occur, the coal seam is unstable.
The concrete analysis process of the third step further comprises obtaining the fluctuation times, average fluctuation amount and disturbance degree of the vibration frequency change curve with time in the coal seam drilling process according to the vibration frequency change curve with time in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the obtained fluctuation times, average fluctuation amount and disturbance degree as the vibration frequency change curve with time。
By analysis of formulasObtaining a second coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a second coefficient of preset drilling vibration guided coal seam stability,Threshold values respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time change curve disturbance degrees,Weights respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time-varying curve disturbance degrees,。
It should be noted that, the disturbance degree of the change curve of the vibration frequency with time can be obtained through analysis of the data acquisition system and the software.
In the coal seam drilling process, if abnormal vibration frequency change conditions such as sudden change of vibration frequency, disturbance of vibration frequency and the like occur, the coal seam is unstable.
The first coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide and the second coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide are calculated by weighted average to obtain the coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide, and the coefficient is expressed as。
The weight of the first coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide and the second coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide is a set value, and the summation is 1.
In the embodiment, through real-time monitoring of the drilling vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency in the important index for evaluating the stability of the coal seam, the change of the stability of the coal seam can be found in time, and when the vibration amplitude suddenly increases or abnormal fluctuation occurs in frequency, the existence of unstable factors such as broken zones, faults and the like in the front coal seam can be predicted, so that timely early warning information is provided for engineering personnel so as to take corresponding safety measures and avoid accidents.
And fourthly, comprehensively evaluating the stability of the coal bed, namely analyzing the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bed according to the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling speed, the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling torque and the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling vibration.
As a preferable scheme, the specific analysis process of the step four is that the drilling speed is guided to the coal seam stability coefficientCoal seam stability factor for drilling torque steeringCoal seam stability coefficient guided by drilling vibrationSubstitution into analytical formulaObtaining the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bedWhereinA correction factor representing a preset coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index,The preset drilling speed guide coal seam stability coefficient, the drilling torque guide coal seam stability coefficient and the drilling vibration guide coal seam stability coefficient threshold value are respectively expressed,Respectively representing the weights of the preset drilling speed guide coal seam stability coefficient, the drilling torque guide coal seam stability coefficient and the drilling vibration guide coal seam stability coefficient,。
And fifthly, early warning and feedback of the drilling risk of the coal bed, namely judging whether the continuous drilling of the coal bed has a safety risk according to the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bed, and if the continuous drilling of the coal bed has the safety risk, carrying out early warning and feeding back to a monitoring and managing department of the drilling construction of the coal bed.
The specific analysis process of the fifth step comprises the steps of comparing the coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index with a preset coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index early warning value, and if the coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index is smaller than the preset coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index early warning value, continuing drilling of the coal seam to have safety risk, carrying out early warning and feeding back to a coal seam drilling construction supervision department.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of this invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the specific embodiments described, or similar arrangements may be substituted by those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of this invention or beyond the scope of this invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for predicting the stability of the coal bed based on the drilling state of the coal bed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one, monitoring and analyzing the drilling speed of the coal seam, namely acquiring the drilling speed and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, identifying each abnormal drilling speed time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, analyzing the relative deviation of the drilling speed of each abnormal drilling speed time point, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling speed;
Step two, monitoring and analyzing the drilling torque of the coal seam, namely acquiring the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the drilling process of the coal seam, drawing a change curve of the drilling depth of the torque in the drilling process of the coal seam, comparing the change curve with each sample curve of the drilling depth change of the torque corresponding to unstable coal seam, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling torque;
Step three, monitoring and analyzing coal seam drilling vibration, namely acquiring the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of a drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude and the change curve of the vibration frequency with time in the coal seam drilling process, and further evaluating the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling vibration;
Step four, comprehensively evaluating the stability of the coal bed, namely analyzing the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bed according to the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling speed, the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling torque and the stability coefficient of the coal bed guided by the drilling vibration;
step five, coal seam drilling risk early warning feedback, namely judging whether the coal seam continuous drilling has safety risk according to the comprehensive evaluation index of the coal seam stability, if so, carrying out early warning, and feeding back to a coal seam drilling construction supervision department;
The specific analysis process of the first step comprises the following steps:
Setting a time interval for data acquisition, and further setting each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process according to an equal time interval principle;
Acquiring the drilling speed of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process by a drilling speed monitoring instrument, and acquiring the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process by a depth recorder;
If the difference of the drilling speed between a certain monitoring time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process is larger than a preset drilling speed difference threshold value, marking the monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process as a drilling speed abnormal time point, and counting each drilling speed abnormal time point in the coal seam drilling process;
the specific analysis process of the first step further comprises:
Acquiring the difference of drilling speeds between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the difference as ,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal time points of the individual forward speeds,And obtaining the difference of the bit pressure and the bit rotation speed between each abnormal drilling speed time point and the adjacent last monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and respectively marking the differences as;
By analysis of formulasObtaining the relative deviation of drilling speed at each drilling speed abnormal time pointWhereinA compensation amount representing a preset drilling rate difference,The preset thresholds of the differential bit pressure and differential bit rotation speed are respectively represented.
2. The method for predicting stability of a coal seam based on a drilling state of the coal seam of claim 1, wherein the specific analysis process of the first step further comprises:
Recording abnormal time points of each drilling speed in the coal seam drilling process as time points corresponding to each change of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process, further obtaining the average frequency of the change of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the average frequency as the average frequency of the change of the hardness of the coal seam in the coal seam drilling process ;
According to the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, screening to obtain the drilling depth corresponding to each change of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the drilling depth as,Represents the hardness of the coal bed in the coal bed drilling processThe number of the secondary change is the number,;
Substituting the relative deviation of drilling speed of each abnormal drilling speed time point in the coal seam drilling process into a relation function between the relative deviation of drilling speed and the variation of the coal seam hardness stored in a database to obtain the variation of the hardness corresponding to each variation of the coal seam hardness in the coal seam drilling process, and recording the variation as the variation of the hardness;
By analysis of formulasObtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by the drilling speedWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined rate of penetration directed coal seam stability factor,Represents a natural constant of the natural product,Weight factors respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,,Threshold values respectively representing the preset change frequency and change amount of the coal bed hardness,And indicating the influence factor corresponding to the preset unit drilling depth.
3. The method for predicting the stability of the coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam according to claim 2, wherein the specific analysis process of the second step comprises the following steps:
Acquiring the torque of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a torque monitor;
And establishing a coordinate system by taking the drilling depth as an abscissa and the torque as an ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the torque and the drilling depth of each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process by utilizing an establishing method of a mathematical model.
4. The method for predicting coal seam stability based on coal seam drilling status of claim 3, wherein the specific analysis process of the second step further comprises:
Extracting corresponding torque drilling depth change sample curves stored in a database when a coal seam is unstable, recording the torque drilling depth change sample curves as abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves, comparing the torque drilling depth change curves with the abnormal torque drilling depth change sample curves in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring the lengths of curve segments, in which the shape similarity of the torque drilling depth change sample curves with the abnormal torque drilling depth is greater than a set similarity threshold value, of the torque drilling depth change sample curves in the coal seam drilling process, recording the curve segment lengths as the curve segment lengths, in which the shape similarity of the torque drilling depth change sample curves with the abnormal torque drilling depth sample curves is identical, of the torque drilling depth change sample curves with the abnormal torque drilling depth sample curves in the coal seam drilling process, and representing the curve segment lengths as ,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curves,;
By analysis of formulasObtaining the stability coefficient of the coal seam guided by drilling torqueWhereinA correction factor representing a predetermined drilling torque directed coal seam stability factor,Representing a preset firstThe impact weight of the abnormal torque while drilling depth change sample curve,,And the length of a change curve of the torque along with the drilling depth in the coal seam drilling process is shown.
5. The method for predicting coal seam stability based on coal seam drilling status of claim 4, wherein the specific analysis process of step three comprises:
acquiring the vibration amplitude and the vibration frequency of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process through a vibration monitor;
Establishing a coordinate system by taking the monitoring time points as abscissa and the vibration amplitude as ordinate, marking corresponding data points in the coordinate system according to the vibration amplitude of the drill bit at each monitoring time point in the coal seam drilling process, and drawing a change curve of the vibration amplitude along with time in the coal seam drilling process by using a mathematical model establishing method;
similarly, according to the method for acquiring the change curve of the vibration amplitude along with time in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring the change curve of the vibration frequency along with time in the coal seam drilling process;
Acquiring each peak point of a change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, acquiring peak deviation of each peak point, if the peak deviation of a certain peak point is larger than a preset peak deviation threshold value, marking the peak point as an abnormal point of vibration amplitude, marking the peak deviation of the peak point as a relative deviation of vibration amplitude, counting the relative deviation of vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process, and marking the relative deviation as the vibration amplitude of each abnormal point of vibration amplitude in the change curve of vibration amplitude with time in the coal seam drilling process ,Represent the firstThe number of the abnormal points of the vibration amplitude,;
By analysis of formulasObtaining a first coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a first coefficient of stability of the coal seam for a predetermined drilling vibration guide,A threshold value representing a preset relative deviation of the vibration amplitude.
6. The method for predicting coal seam stability based on coal seam drilling status of claim 5, wherein the specific analysis process of step three further comprises:
According to the change curve of the vibration frequency along with time in the coal seam drilling process, the fluctuation times, the average fluctuation quantity and the disturbance degree of the change curve of the vibration frequency along with time in the coal seam drilling process are obtained and respectively recorded as ;
By analysis of formulasObtaining a second coefficient of stability of the coal bed guided by drilling vibrationWhereinA correction factor representing a second coefficient of preset drilling vibration guided coal seam stability,Threshold values respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time change curve disturbance degrees,Weights respectively representing the preset vibration frequency fluctuation times, vibration frequency fluctuation amounts and vibration frequency time-varying curve disturbance degrees,;
The first coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide and the second coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide are calculated by weighted average to obtain the coefficient of the stability of the coal bed of the drilling vibration guide, and the coefficient is expressed as。
7. The method for predicting the stability of the coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam of claim 6, wherein the specific analysis process of the fourth step is as follows:
Coal seam stability factor for steering drilling rate Coal seam stability factor for drilling torque steeringCoal seam stability coefficient guided by drilling vibrationSubstitution into analytical formulaObtaining the comprehensive evaluation index of the stability of the coal bedWhereinA correction factor representing a preset coal seam stability comprehensive evaluation index,The preset drilling speed guide coal seam stability coefficient, the drilling torque guide coal seam stability coefficient and the drilling vibration guide coal seam stability coefficient threshold value are respectively expressed,Respectively representing the weights of the preset drilling speed guide coal seam stability coefficient, the drilling torque guide coal seam stability coefficient and the drilling vibration guide coal seam stability coefficient,。
8. The method for predicting the stability of the coal seam based on the drilling state of the coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the specific analysis process in the fifth step is as follows:
And comparing the comprehensive evaluation index of the coal seam stability with a preset early warning value of the comprehensive evaluation index of the coal seam stability, and if the comprehensive evaluation index of the coal seam stability is smaller than the preset early warning value of the comprehensive evaluation index of the coal seam stability, continuing drilling the coal seam to have safety risk, carrying out early warning and feeding back to a coal seam drilling construction supervision department.
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