CN118836589A - Geothermal exploitation system and method - Google Patents
Geothermal exploitation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118836589A CN118836589A CN202410942970.7A CN202410942970A CN118836589A CN 118836589 A CN118836589 A CN 118836589A CN 202410942970 A CN202410942970 A CN 202410942970A CN 118836589 A CN118836589 A CN 118836589A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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Abstract
本发明提供一种地热开采系统及方法，该系统包括：注入井、生产井、以及工质循环泵组；所述生产井有多个，并且对称布置于所述注入井的四周；所述注入井和所述生产井通过压裂方式连通；所述工质循环泵组用于从所述注入井泵入循环工质，并从所述生产井中抽出高温高压的循环工质。利用本发明方案，可以保证较好的换热效果及较高的循环工质回收率，提高地热能开采效率和利用率。
The present invention provides a geothermal exploitation system and method, the system comprising: an injection well, a production well, and a working fluid circulation pump group; the production wells are multiple and symmetrically arranged around the injection well; the injection well and the production well are connected by fracturing; the working fluid circulation pump group is used to pump circulating working fluid from the injection well and extract high-temperature and high-pressure circulating working fluid from the production well. The scheme of the present invention can ensure a better heat exchange effect and a higher recycling rate of circulating working fluid, and improve the efficiency and utilization rate of geothermal energy exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geothermal energy development, in particular to a geothermal exploitation system and a geothermal exploitation method.
Background
Hot Dry Rock (HDR) refers to an abnormally high Wen Yanti buried deep in the earth, with no or only small amounts of fluid inside, at temperatures above 180 ℃. The heat energy of the dry-heat rock is stored in the rock, and the common rock is biotite gneiss, granite amphibole and the like, and the upper part of the dry-heat rock is generally covered with a heat insulation layer such as sedimentary rock and the like.
At present, the development and utilization of the hot dry rock by adopting an enhanced geothermal system (Enhanced Geothermal System, EGS) are leading edge technologies in the geothermal field at present, and the development principle is as follows: drilling a vertical well or a directional well as an injection well and a production well in a dry-hot rock target area, and communicating the wells through manual fracturing; during production, water with certain flow rate and temperature is pumped from an injection well, the water absorbs heat of surrounding rocks while flowing along cracks, and finally high-temperature and high-pressure water or water vapor mixture is pumped from a production well for comprehensive utilization of power generation, heating and the like; the low-temperature water after the utilization is recharged to the underground from the injection well and is recycled.
In order to establish a good hydraulic connection between the injection well and the production well, the production well must be drilled within the thermal storage structure (fracture system) created after fracturing the injection well to obtain optimal thermal energy production. Because the dry-hot rock is buried deeply, the porosity and the permeability are extremely small, and the geothermal resource utilization efficiency of the artificial fracturing method is low and the cost is high. In the existing exploitation models, almost all exploitation models only consider the heat exchange problem, and the recovery rate of the circulating working medium is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a geothermal energy exploitation system and a geothermal energy exploitation method, which are used for ensuring a good heat exchange effect and a high recycling rate of a circulating working medium and improving the geothermal energy exploitation efficiency and the utilization rate.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A geothermal exploitation system, the system comprising: injection well, production well, working medium circulating pump group; the plurality of production wells are symmetrically arranged around the injection well; the injection well and the production well are communicated in a fracturing mode;
The working medium circulating pump set is used for pumping the circulating working medium from the injection well and extracting the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating working medium from the production well.
Optionally, each well is provided with a lateral well, and the lateral well of the injection well is fractured, and the lateral well of the production well is not fractured and surrounds the injection well.
Alternatively, the diameter of the injection well is 0.5-0.7 m, and the diameter of the production well is 0.2-0.4 m.
Optionally, the distance between the injection well and the production well is 300-500 m.
Optionally, one or more of the branch wells of the injection well are horizontal fracturing wells.
Optionally, the production well has one or more branch wells, and the plurality of branch wells are on the same plane.
Optionally, the length of the branch well of the production well is 300-600 m.
Optionally, the injection well and the production well are vertical wells or directional wells.
A geothermal exploitation method, the method comprising:
Selecting a target geothermal reservoir according to geological exploration information;
drilling an injection well and a production well according to the target geothermal reservoir, and communicating the injection well and the production well in a fracturing mode; the plurality of production wells are symmetrically arranged around the injection well;
during production, circulating working medium is pumped from the injection well, so that the circulating working medium flows along cracks and absorbs heat of surrounding rocks, and then high-temperature and high-pressure circulating working medium is extracted from the production well.
Optionally, the injection well and the production well are vertical wells or directional wells; the communicating the injection well and the production well by fracturing means comprises:
And respectively fracturing horizontal wellbores of the target geothermal reservoir by adopting a horizontal well sectional volume fracturing technology, so that horizontal wellbore cracks are communicated with the production well.
According to the geothermal exploitation system and method provided by the invention, geothermal energy is exploited by adopting a hunting type exploitation structure, a plurality of production wells are arranged around an injection well and are effectively communicated in a fracturing mode to form a passage, a working medium circulating pump set is used for pumping a circulating working medium from the injection well and injecting the circulating working medium into a target geothermal reservoir, and the circulating working medium fully absorbs heat of dry thermal rock in the target geothermal reservoir through cracks generated in the fracturing process and flows into the production wells as much as possible, and then the circulating working medium with high temperature and high pressure is extracted from the production wells. By utilizing the geothermal exploitation system and method provided by the invention, the heat exchange efficiency of the circulating working medium and the dry heat rock mass can be increased, so that a better heat exchange effect can be obtained in the exploitation process of the thermal reservoir, and the exploitation temperature of the circulating working medium by the production well can be further improved; and the recycling working medium has higher recycling rate, and is high in energy utilization efficiency.
Further, according to application requirements, the injection well and the production well can adopt a vertical well or a directional well, and different production environment requirements can be better met.
Further, branch wells are arranged on each well, and the hunting type exploitation structure is combined, so that the number of well distribution of the vertical wells can be greatly reduced, and the occupied area is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geothermal mining system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a geothermal exploitation method provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a well layout in a geothermal recovery system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a geothermal exploitation system after fracturing an injection well;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison of calculated daily yields of geothermal wells for different production modes.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1, an injection well; 2, circulating a working medium transportation pipeline; 3, a working medium circulating pump;
4, a production well; 5 branch wells of the injection well; 6, cracking; 7 branch well of the production well;
8 a target geothermal reservoir; 9 fracturing the main gap; 10, seaming the net.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problem of low recovery rate of the circulating working medium in the existing dry hot rock development, the invention provides a geothermal exploitation system and a geothermal exploitation method, which utilize a hunting type exploitation structure to enable the circulating working medium to fully absorb rock stratum heat and flow into a production well as much as possible, so that not only can the hot rock obtain a good heat exchange effect in the exploitation process, but also the circulating working medium can have a high recovery rate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geothermal exploitation system according to the present invention.
The system comprises: injection well 1, production well 4, working medium circulating pump group. Wherein the production wells 4 are a plurality and symmetrically arranged around the injection well 1, thereby forming a hunting structure. Three production wells are shown in the example of fig. 1 without limitation, although there may be two or five, etc.
In the embodiment of the invention, the injection well 1 and each production well 4 are communicated in a fracturing mode. For example, injection well 1 is fractured to form horizontal fractures 6 in the dry thermal rock in target geothermal reservoir 8. In practical enhanced geothermal system engineering, the direction of the fracture in the target geothermal reservoir 8 is generally consistent with the direction of the minimum principal stress.
The working medium circulating pump set is used for pumping the circulating working medium from the injection well 1 and extracting the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating working medium from the production well 4. The circulating working medium can be water; accordingly, the high temperature and pressure circulating fluid extracted from the production well 4 may be water or a water vapor mixture. Of course, in specific applications, the circulating working medium may be other fluids, which is not limited to the embodiment of the present invention.
The working medium circulating pump group can comprise one or more working medium circulating pumps 3 arranged on the ground, and the working medium circulating pumps 3 can be communicated through the circulating working medium conveying pipeline 2.
Alternatively, the diameter of the injection well 1 may be set to 0.5 to 0.7m and the diameter of the production well 4 may be set to 0.2 to 0.4m. The distance between the injection well 1 and the production well 4 may be set to 300-500 m.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in one non-limiting embodiment, each well may be provided with a branch well. By branch well is meant a well drilled from a single wellhead that contains more than one branch wellbore and is articulated back to a single main wellbore.
In one non-limiting embodiment, the lateral wells of injection well 1 may be fractured, and the lateral wells of production well 4 may be unbroken and surrounding injection well 1.
In another non-limiting embodiment, all or a portion of the production well 4 may also be fractured.
As shown in fig. 1, the branch well of the injection well 1 may have one or more branch wells 5, such as the one shown in fig. 1. Similarly, the production well 4 may have one or more of its branches, with multiple branches on the same plane, such as branch 7 of the production well shown in FIG. 1.
It should be noted that the lengths of different branch wells may be the same or different, which is not limited to the embodiment of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, the length of the branch well 7 of the production well may be set to 300-600 m.
In specific applications, the injection well 1 and the production well 4 may be vertical wells or directional wells according to the requirements of the production environment, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
When geothermal exploitation is carried out, a target geothermal reservoir can be selected according to geological exploration information, the positions of an injection well and a production well are arranged, and generally conventional dry-hot rock resources are buried below three kilometers underground. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, 3000m below ground may be the top of the target geothermal reservoir 8 and 5000m below ground may be the bottom of the target geothermal reservoir, i.e., the target geothermal reservoir may be between 3000m and 5000m below ground.
After the injection well 1 and all the production wells 4, and each branch well are drilled, the branch wells of the injection well are injected with water to be fractured, for example, horizontal well staged volume fracturing technology can be adopted to respectively fracture horizontal wellbores of the dry thermal rock reservoir, so that the horizontal wellbore fractures are effectively communicated to form a passage, and the exchange rate of heat exchange medium (namely circulating working medium) and the thermal reservoir is improved. In the fractured dry-hot rock mass, the horizontal branch well is arranged to be beneficial to improving the exploitation rate of the geothermal resource of the dry-hot rock, and the exploitation mode can ensure that all stages of cracks of the enhanced geothermal system bear the same stress and have the same temperature field under the same depth, so that serious flow short circuit among the cracks can be avoided, and the heat in the target geothermal reservoir 8 can be fully exploited.
As shown in fig. 1, the circulating working medium is injected into a target geothermal reservoir 8 from an injection well 1, flows into cracks with different depths, absorbs heat in the reservoir, flows into wellbores of branch wells arranged around the thermal reservoir, and finally returns to the ground from a production well 4 to enter a working medium circulating pump set.
According to the geothermal exploitation system provided by the invention, geothermal energy is exploited through a well arrangement mode of a hunting type geothermal exploitation structure, so that the problem that only the heat exchange effect between a circulating working medium and a thermal storage is considered in a traditional exploitation mode, and the recovery rate of the circulating working medium is not considered is solved. The multi-branch well surrounds the injection well, and the reasonable well arrangement distance is arranged, so that the problem that effective communication is difficult to form between the injection well and the production well is solved, the heat exchange efficiency of the circulating working medium and the dry-heat rock mass is improved, and the temperature of the circulating working medium extracted by the production well is further improved; and the recovery rate of the circulating working medium is improved, and the energy utilization efficiency is effectively improved. In addition, by adopting the hunting geothermal exploitation structure, the number of well arrangement of the vertical wells can be greatly reduced, and the occupied area is saved.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a geothermal exploitation method, as shown in fig. 2, which is a flow chart of the geothermal exploitation method provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
step 201, selecting a target geothermal reservoir according to geological exploration information.
For example, the target geothermal reservoir is determined to be between 3000m and 5000m below ground, with 3000m below ground as the top of the target geothermal reservoir and 5000m below ground as the bottom of the target geothermal reservoir.
Accordingly, the recoverable heat reserve per unit area can be calculated from the following equation:
Wherein, the meaning of each parameter is as follows:
Q (r) -the unit area of recoverable heat reserve in the geothermal well recovery impact zone, unit kJ/m 2; k-thermal reservoir geothermal recovery, for example, can be set to a value of 0.15;
h-the geothermal well utilizes the heat storage thickness, unit m;
c r -the average heat capacity of the thermal reservoir, in kJ/(m 3. Cndot.);
ρ c —thermal reservoir rock density in Kg/m 3;
c c -specific heat of thermal storage rock, unit J/Kg DEG C;
ρ w —cycle working medium density, unit Kg/m 3;
c w -specific heat of the circulating working medium, wherein the unit is J/Kg DEG C;
t r —average temperature of target geothermal reservoir, in degrees celsius;
t 0 -average air temperature in local year, unit ℃;
-porosity of the thermal reservoir rock, dimensionless.
The spacing between the injection well and the production well is calculated from the following equation:
wherein, each parameter has the following meaning:
d, the interval between the injection well and the production well is m;
ρ wCw —heat capacity of cycle working medium, unit MJ/m 3 ℃;
ρ cCc —heat capacity of thermal reservoir rock, unit MJ/m 3 ℃;
q-recharging amount, wherein the unit is m 3/h, and the average recharging amount in the heating period is obtained;
b—the production well uses thermal storage thickness (i.e. thickness of the target geothermal reservoir 8), in m;
the time for the mixing peak of the hot and cold water to reach the exploitation well is calculated according to the annual exploitation of 50 years for 120 days.
Step 202, drilling an injection well and a production well according to the target geothermal reservoir, and communicating the injection well and the production well in a fracturing mode; the production wells are multiple and symmetrically arranged around the injection well.
In combination with the structure shown in fig. 1, three production wells are symmetrically arranged around the injection well, each well has a branch well and the branch well of the injection well has a fracturing, and the branch well of the production well is not fractured and surrounds the periphery of the injection well, thereby forming a hunting geothermal exploitation mode.
For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the diameter of the injection well 1 is 0.6m, the diameter of the production well 4 is 0.3m, the production wells 4 are uniformly and symmetrically arranged around the injection well 1, and as shown in fig. 3, the included angle between every two production wells is 120 ° and the distance D between the injection well 1 and the production well 4 is 300m to 500m.
For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the lateral well 5 of the injection well 1 is fractured, and the fractured structure is shown in fig. 4, and the fracturing main slit 9 and the slit net 10 are formed after fracturing.
It should be noted that the main fracturing gaps in fig. 4 are preferably uniformly distributed to prevent thermal short-circuiting. The formation of the main slit 9 and the formation of the slit net 10 are formed by the same fracturing mode, and the slit net 10 is expanded on the basis of the main slit 9.
With reference to fig. 1, three branch wells 5 of the injection well are horizontal fracturing wells, namely, the horizontal well is drilled first, and then the horizontal well is fractured to form the horizontal fracturing well. Each horizontal fracturing well adopts a horizontal well staged volume fracturing technology to respectively fracture the dry-hot rock reservoir so that horizontal well cracks are effectively communicated to form a passage, and the exchange rate of a heat exchange medium and the hot reservoir is improved. In the fractured dry-hot rock mass, the horizontal branch well is arranged to be beneficial to improving the exploitation rate of geothermal resources of the dry-hot rock, and the exploitation mode can ensure that all stages of cracks of the enhanced geothermal system bear the same stress and have the same temperature field under the same depth, so that serious flow short circuit among the cracks can be avoided, and heat in a reservoir can be fully exploited.
The fluid used for fracturing and the fluid used for heating are different fluids, the fracturing is generally performed by using conventional fracturing fluid, and the fluid used for heating is generally performed by using common water.
After fracturing the branch well 5, calculating the flow of the circulating working medium accords with a horizontal well yield formula, namely a formula (3) shown later.
Taking three horizontal fracturing wells as shown in fig. 1 as an example, assuming that the length of a shaft of each horizontal fracturing well is L, the width of a fracturing range is h, the bottom hole pressure near the center of the shaft of the horizontal fracturing well is P wf, the boundary pressure at the periphery of the horizontal fracturing well is P e, the radius of the shaft of the horizontal fracturing well after the profile of the horizontal fracturing well is simplified is r w, the radius of stratum supply is r e, the viscosity of circulating working medium flowing in the shaft is mu, the volume coefficient is B, and the permeability is k, the calculation formula of the flow Q (h) of the circulating working medium entering the shaft of the horizontal well from a thermal reservoir can be expressed as follows:
With continued reference to fig. 1, the production well 4 has six branch wells 7, which are horizontal wells, each branch well is on the same plane and surrounds the injection well, and the length of each branch well can be set to 300-600 m so as to fully collect the circulating working medium in the injection well 1 as much as possible.
And 203, pumping a circulating working medium from the injection well during exploitation, so that the circulating working medium absorbs heat of surrounding rocks while flowing along cracks, and then pumping the high-temperature and high-pressure circulating working medium from the production well.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the circulating working medium is injected into the target geothermal reservoir 8 from the injection well 1, flows into cracks with different depths, absorbs heat in the target geothermal reservoir 8, flows into wellbores arranged in surrounding branch wells, and finally returns to the ground from the production well 4 to enter the working medium circulating pump group.
With the hunting geothermal exploitation structure shown in fig. 1, the total heat of exploitation for 50 years can be calculated by the following formula:
Q(w)＝3RTρwCw(tw-t0) (4)
Wherein, the meaning of each parameter is as follows:
Total heat released by Q (w) -geothermal wells for 50 years, in kJ;
r is the daily production of the geothermal well, and the unit is kJ m 3/d;
ρ w —geothermal water density in Kg/m 3;
c w -specific heat of geothermal water, unit J/Kg DEG C;
t w -geothermal water temperature, unit ℃;
t 0 -average air temperature in local year, unit ℃;
And (3) accumulating pumping days of a single well within T-50 years, and obtaining a unit d.
According to the geothermal exploitation method provided by the invention, after the calculation of related technical parameters, firstly, one injection well is designed to enter a target geothermal reservoir, then a plurality of branch wells are formed, and a fracture network is formed by fracturing; and then, after a plurality of production wells are symmetrically arranged around the injection well as the center of a circle and enter the target geothermal reservoir, a plurality of branch wells are respectively formed, and the peripheral production branch wells show a surrounding construction form for the middle injection well. By the mode, the circulating working medium can fully absorb the heat of the rock stratum and then enter the production well as much as possible, so that the dry-hot rock can ensure a good heat exchange effect in the exploitation process, the circulating working medium can also ensure a high recovery rate, heat is obtained to be maximized, geothermal energy is exploited efficiently, and the geothermal energy utilization rate is improved.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the flow of geothermal wells from a thermal reservoir into a wellbore over a range of fracture widths, with the abscissa L representing the range width involved by the fracture and the ordinate Q (h) representing the flow from the thermal reservoir into the wellbore.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of acts, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts described, as some steps may be performed in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the present invention. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required for the present invention.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the detailed description of the invention is provided herein, and the description of the embodiments is provided merely to facilitate the understanding of the method and system of the present invention, which is provided by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention, and the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It is therefore contemplated that any modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications falling within the spirit and principles of the invention will fall within the scope of the invention.
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