CN118835461A - Antibacterial colored spun yarn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of textile, and discloses an antibacterial colored spun yarn and a preparation method thereof. The colored spun yarn is prepared by spinning and dyeing modified polyester fibers serving as raw materials; when the modified polyester fiber is prepared, the polyhydroxy polyester fiber is prepared by taking terephthalic acid and mixed polyol as raw materials, and hydrophilic groups are introduced, so that the hygroscopicity of the polyester fiber is improved, and further, the color fastness is better; and then the surface of the fiber is modified by utilizing the acryloyl chloride, a double bond structure is introduced, and the modified antibacterial agent is grafted on the surface of the fiber through hydrosilylation reaction, so that the antibacterial performance of the fiber is improved, and the fiber has long-acting and lasting effects.

Description

Antibacterial colored spinning yarn and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of textiles, and in particular to an antibacterial colored spun yarn and a preparation method thereof.

Background Art

Polyester fiber has excellent mechanical properties such as high strength and high wear resistance and is widely used. However, due to its porous morphology and chemical molecular structure of macromolecular polymers, polyester fiber is suitable for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms. During use, it is easy to stick to sweat, sebum and bacteria in the environment. In addition, due to its tight chemical structure and the lack of a large number of gaps at the microscopic level, polyester fiber's water absorption performance is not as good as natural fibers. As a result, when it is dyed, the dye can only adhere to the fiber surface, resulting in poor color fastness of the fiber.

The yarn formed by spinning polyester fibers has the characteristics of lightness, wear resistance, and softness, but polyester fiber yarns do not have antibacterial properties, which limits the application of polyester fiber yarns in the fields of antibacterial clothing textiles. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the antibacterial properties of polyester fibers through physical and chemical methods. Common antibacterial polyester fibers are made by soaking polyester fibers in antibacterial agents to make them have antibacterial properties. However, after spinning, the antibacterial components on the spinning surface of the polyester fibers obtained by soaking are washed hundreds of times, and the antibacterial agents floating on the surface are washed away, and the antibacterial properties are significantly reduced, which makes the yarn have no long-term antibacterial effect. Therefore, researchers need to prepare a color spun yarn with long-term antibacterial effect and good color fastness.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an antibacterial colored spun yarn and a preparation method thereof.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing antibacterial colored spun yarn is prepared by the following steps:

Step A1, adding terephthalic acid and mixed polyols into a reactor, then adding ethylene glycol antimony and stirring evenly, raising the system temperature to 200-220° C. under nitrogen and stirring conditions, continuing the reaction for 2-3 hours, after the reaction is completed, raising the temperature to 240-250° C., continuing the reaction for 0.5-1.5 hours under vacuum conditions, and finally raising the temperature to 260-270° C., continuing the reaction for 2-4 hours, after the reaction is completed, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and melt spinning are performed to obtain polyhydroxy polyester fibers;

Step A2, dispersing polyester fiber and triethylamine in DMF and mixing them evenly, slowly dropping acryloyl chloride in an ice water bath, then raising the temperature to 30-40° C. and stirring to react for 2-3 hours, filtering and collecting the product, then dispersing the product in isopropanol, adding a modified antibacterial agent and a Custer platinum catalyst, stirring to react for 3-5 hours at 60-70° C. and a pH of 3-4, to obtain a modified polyester fiber;

Step A3, immersing the modified polyester fiber in two disperse dye solutions of different colors respectively, heating to 80-100° C. at a rate of 2° C./min, keeping the temperature for 50-80 min, rinsing with cold water and drying for later use;

Step A4, mixing and spinning the two modified polyester fibers of different colors obtained in step A3 at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain antibacterial colored spun yarn;

Furthermore, in step A1, the molar ratio of carboxyl groups in terephthalic acid to hydroxyl groups in the mixed polyol is 1.05-1.15:1, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol antimony added is 0.01-0.03wt% of the mass of terephthalic acid, and the mixed polyol is a mixture of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in a molar ratio of 97.5-99.5:0.5-2.5;

Furthermore, in step A2, the dosage ratio of polyester fiber and acryloyl chloride is 1g:3-7mL, the dosage of triethylamine is 7-12% of the mass of acryloyl chloride, the dosage ratio of product and modified antibacterial agent is 1g:0.5-3g, and the dosage of Custer platinum catalyst is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of modified antibacterial agent.

The modified antibacterial agent is prepared by the following steps:

Step B1, 1,4-dibromobutane and tripropyl phosphine are added to xylene and dispersed evenly, heated to 120° C. and refluxed for 12-16 hours, and after the reaction is completed, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and recrystallized to obtain intermediate 1;

Step B2, under nitrogen, add 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to toluene and mix well, add intermediate 1, and heat to 60-70° C. and stir to react for 4-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain intermediate 2;

Step B3, under nitrogen, add intermediate 2 to tetrahydrofuran and mix evenly, add triethylamine and allyldichlorosilane in an ice-water bath, stir and disperse, and heat to 25-35° C., stir and react for 5-8 hours, and after the reaction is completed, vacuum distill, filter, wash, and rotary evaporate to obtain intermediate 3;

Step B4, under nitrogen conditions, disperse the intermediate 3 in methanol and stir evenly, then slowly drop an aqueous solution of iminodiacetic acid, heat to 35-45°C and stir to react for 4-5h, then add an aqueous solution of zinc chloride and let stand for 1-2h. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain a modified antibacterial agent;

Further, in step B1, the usage ratio of 1,4-dibromobutane, tripropyl phosphine and xylene is 0.15-0.45 mol: 0.1-0.3 mol: 100 mL;

Further, in step B2, the usage ratio of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole, intermediate 1 and toluene is 0.1-0.3 mol: 0.12-0.32 mol: 100 mL;

Further, in step B3, the usage ratio of intermediate 2, allyldichlorosilane, triethylamine and tetrahydrofuran is 0.1-0.3 mol: 0.05-0.15 mol: 0.12-0.32 mol: 200 mL;

Further, in step B4, the usage ratio of intermediate 3, methanol, aqueous solution of iminodiacetic acid and aqueous solution of zinc chloride is 0.1-0.3 mol: 100 mL: 100 mL: 20 mL;

Further, in step B4, the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is prepared by stirring and mixing iminodiacetic acid and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.11-0.31 mol:100 mL, and the pH of the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is adjusted to 6.5-6.8, and the zinc chloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing zinc chloride and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.12-0.33 mol:20 mL.

In a second aspect, the present invention also includes antibacterial colored spun yarn prepared according to the above steps.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The colored spun yarn of the present invention is prepared by spinning and dyeing modified polyester fibers as raw materials; when preparing the modified polyester fibers, terephthalic acid and mixed polyols are firstly used as raw materials to prepare polyhydroxy polyester fibers, and the introduction of hydrophilic groups improves the hygroscopicity of the polyester fibers, thereby showing good color fastness; then, acryloyl chloride is used to modify the surface of the fibers, a double bond structure is introduced, and a modified antibacterial agent is grafted on the fiber surface through a silylation reaction, thereby improving the antibacterial performance of the fibers and having a long-lasting and lasting effect.

In the modified antibacterial agent, 1,4-dibromobutane and tripropyl phosphine are reacted to generate an intermediate 1 containing a quaternary phosphonium salt structure; the intermediate 1 is then reacted with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to generate an intermediate 2 containing a hydroxyl group and a quaternary ammonium salt structure; the hydroxyl group in the intermediate 2 is reacted with the -Cl group in allyldichlorosilane to generate an intermediate 3; the double bond in the intermediate 3 is reacted with the secondary amine in the iminodiacetic acid to introduce an -N-(CH ₂ COOH) ₂ structure and make it chelate with Zn ²⁺ to form a stable chelate, thereby preparing the modified antibacterial agent. The modified antibacterial agent simultaneously introduces positively charged quaternary ammonium salt structures and quaternary phosphonium salt structures, which can make the two attract each other with negatively charged substances in the bacterial cell membrane, thereby destroying the membrane structure of the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the dissolution and death of the bacterial cells, and utilizing the synergistic effect between the two to improve the antibacterial performance; it also introduces a chelating -N-(CH ₂ COOH) ₂ structure, which can chelate with Zn ²⁺ to form a stable chelate, and the chelate can destroy the bacterial cell wall, inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation of the cell membrane, etc., and have a strong bactericidal effect on bacteria, further improving the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial agent. In addition, the modified antibacterial agent also contains an active Si-H bond, which can react with the carbon-carbon double bond in the modified polyester fiber, so that the modified antibacterial agent is grafted on the surface of the modified polyester fiber by chemical bonding, thereby increasing the firmness of the antibacterial agent on the surface of the polyester fiber and achieving a long-term bactericidal effect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

The modified antibacterial agent is prepared by the following steps:

Step B1, add 0.15 mol 1,4-dibromobutane and 0.1 mol tripropyl phosphine into 100 mL xylene and disperse evenly, heat to 120° C. and reflux for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, filter, and recrystallize to obtain intermediate 1;

Step B2, under nitrogen, add 0.1 mol of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to 100 mL of toluene and mix well, add 0.12 mol of intermediate 1, and heat to 60° C. and stir to react for 4 h. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain intermediate 2;

Step B3, under nitrogen, add 0.1 mol of intermediate 2 to 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran and mix well, add 0.12 mol of triethylamine and 0.05 mol of allyldichlorosilane in an ice-water bath, stir and disperse, and heat to 25° C., stir and react for 5-8 hours. After the reaction is completed, vacuum distillation, filtration, washing, and rotary evaporation are performed to obtain intermediate 3;

Step B4, under nitrogen conditions, 0.1 mol of intermediate 3 is dispersed in 100 mL of methanol and stirred evenly, then 100 mL of iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is slowly added dropwise, and the temperature is raised to 35 ° C. and stirred for reaction for 4 hours, and then 20 mL of zinc chloride aqueous solution is added and allowed to stand for 1-2 hours. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporation and drying are performed to obtain a modified antibacterial agent. The iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is prepared by stirring and mixing iminodiacetic acid and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.11 mol: 100 mL, and the pH of the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is adjusted to 6.5. The zinc chloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing zinc chloride and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.12 mol: 20 mL.

Example 2

The modified antibacterial agent is prepared by the following steps:

Step B1, add 0.3 mol 1,4-dibromobutane and 0.2 mol tripropyl phosphine into 100 mL xylene and disperse evenly, heat to 120° C. and reflux for 14 h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature, filter, and recrystallize to obtain intermediate 1;

Step B2, under nitrogen, add 0.2 mol of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to 100 mL of toluene and mix well, add 0.22 mol of intermediate 1, and heat to 65° C. and stir to react for 7 h. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain intermediate 2;

Step B3, under nitrogen, add 0.2 mol of intermediate 2 to 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran and mix well, add 0.22 mol of triethylamine and 0.1 mol of allyldichlorosilane in an ice-water bath, stir and disperse, and heat to 30° C., stir and react for 6.5 h. After the reaction is completed, vacuum distillation, filtration, washing, and rotary evaporation are performed to obtain intermediate 3;

Step B4, under nitrogen conditions, 0.2 mol of intermediate 3 was dispersed in 100 mL of methanol and stirred evenly, and then 100 mL of iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise, and the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. and stirred for reaction for 4.5 hours, and then 20 mL of zinc chloride aqueous solution was added and allowed to stand for 1.5 hours. After the reaction was completed, rotary evaporation and drying were performed to obtain a modified antibacterial agent. The iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was prepared by stirring and mixing iminodiacetic acid and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.21 mol: 100 mL, and the pH of the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was adjusted to 6.7. The zinc chloride aqueous solution was prepared by mixing zinc chloride and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.22 mol: 20 mL.

Example 3

The modified antibacterial agent is prepared by the following steps:

Step B1, 0.45 mol 1,4-dibromobutane and 0.3 mol tripropyl phosphine were added to 100 mL xylene and dispersed evenly, heated to 120° C. and refluxed for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and recrystallized to obtain intermediate 1;

Step B2, under nitrogen, add 0.3 mol of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to 100 mL of toluene and mix well, add 0.32 mol of intermediate 1, and heat to 70° C. and stir to react for 10 h. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain intermediate 2;

Step B3, under nitrogen, add 0.3 mol of intermediate 2 to 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran and mix evenly, add 0.32 mol of triethylamine and 0.15 mol of allyldichlorosilane in an ice-water bath, stir and disperse, and heat to 35° C., stir and react for 8 h, and after the reaction is completed, vacuum distill, filter, wash, and rotary evaporate to obtain intermediate 3;

Step B4, under nitrogen conditions, 0.3 mol of intermediate 3 was dispersed in 100 mL of methanol and stirred evenly, then 100 mL of iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was slowly added dropwise, and the temperature was raised to 45 ° C. and stirred for reaction for 5 hours, and then 20 mL of zinc chloride aqueous solution was added and allowed to stand for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, rotary evaporation and drying were performed to obtain a modified antibacterial agent. The iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was prepared by stirring and mixing iminodiacetic acid and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.31 mol: 100 mL, and the pH of the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution was adjusted to 6.8. The zinc chloride aqueous solution was prepared by mixing zinc chloride and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.33 mol: 20 mL.

Example 4

A method for preparing antibacterial colored spun yarn is prepared by the following steps:

Step A1, adding terephthalic acid and mixed polyols into a reactor, then adding ethylene glycol antimony and stirring evenly, raising the system temperature to 200°C under nitrogen and stirring conditions, continuing the reaction for 2 hours, after the reaction is completed, raising the temperature to 240°C, continuing the reaction for 0.5 hours under vacuum conditions, and finally raising the temperature to 260°C, continuing the reaction for 2 hours, after the reaction is completed, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and melt spinning to obtain polyhydroxy polyester fibers, wherein the molar ratio of carboxyl groups in terephthalic acid to hydroxyl groups in mixed polyols is 1.05:1, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol antimony added is 0.01wt% of the mass of terephthalic acid, and the mixed polyol is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in a molar ratio of 99.5:0.5;

Step A2, disperse the polyester fiber and triethylamine in DMF and mix them evenly, slowly drop acryloyl chloride under ice water bath conditions, then raise the temperature to 30°C and stir to react for 2h, filter and collect the product, then disperse the product in isopropanol, add the modified antibacterial agent and Custer platinum catalyst prepared in Example 1, stir and react for 3h at 60°C and pH 3 to obtain modified polyester fiber, the amount ratio of polyester fiber to acryloyl chloride is 1g:3mL, the amount of triethylamine is 7% of the mass of acryloyl chloride, the amount ratio of product to modified antibacterial agent prepared in Example 1 is 1g:0.5g, and the amount of Custer platinum catalyst is 0.1% of the mass of modified antibacterial agent;

Step A3, adding direct dye blue 71 and violet 119 into deionized water respectively, stirring and dispersing (the mass ratio of direct dye to deionized water is 1:80), recorded as dye liquor A and dye liquor B, then immersing the modified polyester fiber in dye liquor A and dye liquor B respectively, heating to 80°C at a rate of 2°C/min, keeping warm for 50 minutes, rinsing with cold water and drying for later use;

Step A4: Mix and spin the two modified polyester fibers of different colors obtained in step A3 at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain antibacterial colored yarn.

Example 5

A method for preparing antibacterial colored spun yarn is prepared by the following steps:

Step A1, adding terephthalic acid and mixed polyols into a reactor, then adding ethylene glycol antimony and stirring evenly, raising the system temperature to 210°C under nitrogen and stirring conditions, continuing the reaction for 2.5 hours, after the reaction is completed, raising the temperature to 245°C, continuing the reaction for 1 hour under vacuum conditions, and finally raising the temperature to 265°C, continuing the reaction for 3 hours, after the reaction is completed, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and melt spinning are performed to obtain polyhydroxy polyester fibers, wherein the molar ratio of carboxyl groups in terephthalic acid to hydroxyl groups in mixed polyols is 1.1:1, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol antimony added is 0.02wt% of the mass of terephthalic acid, and the mixed polyol is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in a molar ratio of 98.5:1.5;

Step A2, disperse the polyester fiber and triethylamine in DMF and mix them evenly, slowly drop acryloyl chloride under ice water bath conditions, then raise the temperature to 35°C and stir to react for 2.5h, filter and collect the product, then disperse the product in isopropanol, add the modified antibacterial agent and Custer platinum catalyst prepared in Example 2, stir and react for 4h at 65°C and pH 3.5 to obtain modified polyester fiber, the amount ratio of polyester fiber to acryloyl chloride is 1g:5mL, the amount of triethylamine is 10% of the mass of acryloyl chloride, the amount ratio of the product to the modified antibacterial agent prepared in Example 2 is 1g:1g, and the amount of Custer platinum catalyst is 0.2% of the mass of the modified antibacterial agent;

Step A3, adding direct dye blue 71 and violet 119 into deionized water respectively, stirring and dispersing (the mass ratio of direct dye to deionized water is 1:80), recorded as dye liquor A and dye liquor B, then immersing the modified polyester fiber in dye liquor A and dye liquor B respectively, heating to 90°C at a rate of 2°C/min, keeping warm for 65 minutes, rinsing with cold water and drying for later use;

Step A4: Mix and spin the two modified polyester fibers of different colors obtained in step A3 at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain antibacterial colored yarn.

Example 6

A method for preparing antibacterial colored spun yarn is prepared by the following steps:

Step A1, adding terephthalic acid and mixed polyols into a reactor, then adding ethylene glycol antimony and stirring evenly, raising the system temperature to 220°C under nitrogen and stirring conditions, continuing the reaction for 3 hours, raising the temperature to 250°C after the reaction is completed, continuing the reaction for 1.5 hours under vacuum conditions, and finally raising the temperature to 270°C, continuing the reaction for 4 hours, and after the reaction is completed, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and melt spinning are performed to obtain polyhydroxy polyester fibers, wherein the molar ratio of carboxyl groups in terephthalic acid to hydroxyl groups in mixed polyols is 1.15:1, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol antimony added is 0.03wt% of the mass of terephthalic acid, and the mixed polyol is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in a molar ratio of 97.5:2.5;

Step A2, disperse the polyester fiber and triethylamine in DMF and mix them evenly, slowly drop acryloyl chloride under ice water bath conditions, then raise the temperature to 40°C and stir to react for 3h, filter and collect the product, then disperse the product in isopropanol, add the modified antibacterial agent and Custer platinum catalyst prepared in Example 3, stir and react for 5h at 70°C and pH 4 to obtain modified polyester fiber, the amount ratio of polyester fiber to acryloyl chloride is 1g:7mL, the amount of triethylamine is 12% of the mass of acryloyl chloride, the amount ratio of product to modified antibacterial agent prepared in Example 3 is 1g:3g, and the amount of Custer platinum catalyst is 0.3% of the mass of modified antibacterial agent;

Step A3, adding direct dye blue 71 and violet 119 into deionized water respectively, stirring and dispersing (the mass ratio of direct dye to deionized water is 1:80), recorded as dye liquor A and dye liquor B, then immersing the modified polyester fiber in dye liquor A and dye liquor B respectively, heating to 100°C at a rate of 2°C/min, keeping warm for 80min, rinsing with cold water and drying for standby use;

Step A4: Mix and spin the two modified polyester fibers of different colors obtained in step A3 at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain antibacterial colored yarn.

Comparative Example 1

This comparative example is a colored spun yarn, which differs from Example 6 in that commercially available polyester fiber (polyethylene terephthalate) is used instead of the polyester fiber prepared in step A1, and the rest is the same.

Comparative Example 2

This comparative example is a colored spun yarn, which differs from Example 6 in that the modified antibacterial agent prepared in Example 3 is replaced by a commercially available organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, and the rest are the same.

The performance of the colored spun yarns prepared in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested:

Antibacterial performance test: The composite colored spun yarns prepared in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were woven into fabrics, and antibacterial tests were performed before and after washing 100 times using the method disclosed in the industry standard FZ/T 73023-2006;

Color fastness test: refer to GB/T 3920-2008 "Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to rubbing" for testing;

The test results are shown in the following table:

The antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus before and after washing 100 times are tested for the colored spun yarn prepared by the present invention, and it can be seen that the colored spun yarn has excellent antibacterial performance, and after the color fastness test, it is found that the colored spun yarn also has good color fastness.

The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the scope defined by the concept of the invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing antibacterial colored spun yarn, characterized in that it is prepared by the following steps: Step A1, adding terephthalic acid and mixed polyols into a reactor, then adding ethylene glycol antimony and stirring evenly, raising the system temperature to 200-220° C. under nitrogen and stirring conditions, continuing the reaction for 2-3 hours, after the reaction is completed, raising the temperature to 240-250° C., continuing the reaction for 0.5-1.5 hours under vacuum conditions, and finally raising the temperature to 260-270° C., continuing the reaction for 2-4 hours, after the reaction is completed, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and melt spinning are performed to obtain polyhydroxy polyester fibers; Step A2, dispersing polyester fiber and triethylamine in DMF and mixing them evenly, slowly dropping acryloyl chloride in an ice water bath, then raising the temperature to 30-40° C. and stirring to react for 2-3 hours, filtering and collecting the product, then dispersing the product in isopropanol, adding a modified antibacterial agent and a Custer platinum catalyst, stirring to react for 3-5 hours at 60-70° C. and a pH of 3-4, to obtain a modified polyester fiber; Step A3, immersing the modified polyester fiber in two disperse dye solutions of different colors respectively, heating to 80-100° C. at a rate of 2° C./min, keeping the temperature for 50-80 min, rinsing with cold water and drying for later use; Step A4: Mix and spin the two modified polyester fibers of different colors obtained in step A3 at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain antibacterial colored yarn. 2. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored yarn according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step A1, the molar ratio of carboxyl in terephthalic acid to hydroxyl in mixed polyol is 1.05-1.15:1, wherein the added amount of ethylene glycol antimony is 0.01-0.03wt% of the mass of terephthalic acid, and the mixed polyol is a mixture of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in a molar ratio of 97.5-99.5:0.5-2.5. 3. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored yarn according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step A2, the dosage ratio of polyester fiber and acryloyl chloride is 1g:3-7mL, the dosage of triethylamine is 7-12% of the mass of acryloyl chloride, the dosage ratio of product and modified antibacterial agent is 1g:0.5-3g, and the dosage of Custer platinum catalyst is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of modified antibacterial agent. 4. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored spun yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that the modified antibacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: Step B1, 1,4-dibromobutane and tripropyl phosphine are added to xylene and dispersed evenly, heated to 120° C. and refluxed for 12-16 hours, and after the reaction is completed, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and recrystallized to obtain intermediate 1; Step B2, under nitrogen, add 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole to toluene and mix well, add intermediate 1, and heat to 60-70° C. and stir to react for 4-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain intermediate 2; Step B3, under nitrogen, add intermediate 2 to tetrahydrofuran and mix evenly, add triethylamine and allyldichlorosilane in an ice-water bath, stir and disperse, and heat to 25-35° C., stir and react for 5-8 hours, and after the reaction is completed, vacuum distill, filter, wash, and rotary evaporate to obtain intermediate 3; Step B4, under nitrogen conditions, disperse the intermediate 3 in methanol and stir evenly, then slowly drop an aqueous solution of iminodiacetic acid, heat to 35-45°C and stir to react for 4-5 hours, then add an aqueous solution of zinc chloride and let stand for 1-2 hours. After the reaction is completed, rotary evaporate and dry to obtain a modified antibacterial agent. 5. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored spun yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that the usage ratio of 1,4-dibromobutane, tripropyl phosphine and xylene is 0.15-0.45 mol: 0.1-0.3 mol: 100 mL. 6. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that in step B2, the usage ratio of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrole, intermediate 1 and toluene is 0.1-0.3 mol: 0.12-0.32 mol: 100 mL. 7. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored spun yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that in step B3, the usage ratio of intermediate 2, allyl dichlorosilane, triethylamine and tetrahydrofuran is 0.1-0.3 mol: 0.05-0.15 mol: 0.12-0.32 mol: 200 mL. 8. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that in step B4, the dosage ratio of intermediate 3, methanol, aqueous solution of iminodiacetic acid and aqueous solution of zinc chloride is 0.1-0.3 mol:100 mL:100 mL:20 mL. 9. The method for preparing an antibacterial colored spun yarn according to claim 8, characterized in that in step B4, the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is prepared by stirring and mixing iminodiacetic acid and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.11-0.31 mol:100 mL, and the pH of the iminodiacetic acid aqueous solution is adjusted to 6.5-6.8, and the zinc chloride aqueous solution is prepared by mixing zinc chloride and deionized water in a dosage ratio of 0.12-0.33 mol:20 mL. 10. An antibacterial colored spun yarn, characterized in that it is made according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.