CN118790046B - Power supply system for electric tractor and electric tractor - Google Patents
Power supply system for electric tractor and electric tractor Download PDFInfo
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- CN118790046B CN118790046B CN202411261401.2A CN202411261401A CN118790046B CN 118790046 B CN118790046 B CN 118790046B CN 202411261401 A CN202411261401 A CN 202411261401A CN 118790046 B CN118790046 B CN 118790046B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a power supply system for an electric tractor and the electric tractor, and relates to the technical field of power equipment. The high-voltage power supply system comprises a rectifier, a high-voltage distribution box, a step-down transformer and a controller, wherein the rectifier is used for converting alternating current conveyed to a high-voltage system into direct current, the output positive electrode of the output end of the rectifier is provided with a first positive electrode relay, the output negative electrode of the output end of the rectifier is provided with a first negative electrode relay, the high-voltage distribution box is connected with the output end of the rectifier and used for distributing the direct current conveyed by the rectifier to an operation part, the output end of the step-down transformer is connected with the input end of the rectifier and used for step-down treatment of the alternating current, and the controller is used for controlling the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is in high-voltage down so that the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier and an electric tractor is lower than a first preset threshold value. By the scheme, the power supply safety can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy agricultural machinery, in particular to a power supply system for an electric tractor and the electric tractor.
Background
In recent years, the green and sustainable development of agriculture is greatly promoted, new energy agricultural machinery is used for replacing traditional diesel agricultural machinery to become an industry development trend, and high-efficiency intelligent environment-friendly agricultural power machinery is a main attack direction of global agricultural machinery technological innovation. The high-horsepower electric tractor is mainly used for agricultural production activities, and is a vehicle specially designed for farmland operation. Compared with the traditional fuel oil tractor, the electric tractor has the characteristics of zero emission, low noise, lower maintenance cost and the like. The existing high horsepower electric tractors include two power modes, a pure electric mode and a hybrid mode. The pure electric mode uses the electric energy stored in the vehicle-mounted power battery as a vehicle power source, and the electric energy is converted into mechanical energy by the motor for use. The hybrid mode comprises a power battery and an engine, when the power battery is enough to maintain the whole machine to work, the engine stops working, and the battery directly supplies power to the whole machine. When the electric quantity of the battery is insufficient to maintain the whole machine to work, the engine is started, the fuel oil is combusted to generate mechanical energy, the generator converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electric energy, the rectifier converts alternating current of the generator into direct current to supply power for the whole machine, and meanwhile, the battery pack is charged. In addition, a power grid power supply mode exists, a transformer exists in the mode system, three-phase alternating current at the rear end of the transformer is converted into direct current through a rectifier to supply power to the whole vehicle, after the whole vehicle is electrified under high voltage, like a conventional rectifier, only an output positive electrode is disconnected, a front end circuit and a rear end circuit cannot be completely cut off, a voltage difference still exists between the output end of the rectifier and a vehicle frame (ground), and an electric shock accident is easily caused once any high-voltage circuit is touched.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a power supply system for an electric tractor, which is used for solving the technical problem that electric shock accidents are easy to cause in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a power supply system for an electric tractor, the power supply system including a high voltage system mounted to the electric tractor, the high voltage system including:
the rectifier comprises an output end and an input end, the output end comprises an output positive electrode and an output negative electrode, the rectifier is used for converting alternating current conveyed to a high-voltage system into direct current, the output positive electrode of the rectifier is provided with a first positive electrode relay, and the output negative electrode of the rectifier is provided with a first negative electrode relay;
the high-voltage distribution box is connected with the output end of the rectifier and is used for distributing direct current conveyed by the rectifier to an operation part of the electric tractor;
The output end of the step-down transformer is connected with the input end of the rectifier and is used for carrying out step-down treatment on alternating current conveyed to the high-voltage system;
The whole vehicle controller is respectively connected with the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay and is used for controlling the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is in high-voltage electricity so as to enable the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier and the electric tractor to be lower than a first preset threshold value.
In an embodiment of the invention, the input end of the rectifier further comprises a filter capacitor and a discharge resistor which are arranged in parallel, wherein the filter capacitor is used for filtering alternating current components in a rectifying circuit of the rectifier, and the discharge resistor is used for dissipating energy stored in the filter capacitor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the winding of the step-down transformer is connected in a mode of DY11.
In the embodiment of the invention, the step-down transformer comprises a wire inlet end and a wire outlet end, wherein the wire inlet end is connected in a triangular mode, the wire outlet end is connected in a star-shaped mode without a neutral wire, and the wire outlet end is provided with a first circuit breaker which is used for cutting off a circuit of a high-voltage system under the condition that the high-voltage system is over-current or short-circuited.
In the embodiment of the invention, the power supply system further comprises a power grid power distribution cabinet, a step-up transformer and a high-voltage switch cabinet which are sequentially connected according to the power supply direction, wherein the output end of the high-voltage switch cabinet is connected with the input end of the step-down transformer, the step-up transformer is fixedly arranged on the ground, the connection mode of windings of the step-up transformer is YNd11, the connection mode between the primary side of the step-up transformer and the power grid power distribution cabinet is star connection, the connection mode between the secondary side of the step-up transformer and the high-voltage switch cabinet is triangle connection, and the power grid power distribution cabinet is provided with a second circuit breaker which is used for breaking a circuit under the condition that electric leakage is detected.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage system further comprises a winding drum device, wherein the high-voltage switch cabinet is connected with the step-down transformer through a power transmission cable, the winding drum device is used for winding and unwinding the power transmission cable, the winding drum controller is connected with the winding drum device, the winding drum controller is connected with a third switch of the high-voltage distribution box, and the third switch is connected with a third positive relay of the high-voltage distribution box in series.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the output positive electrode of the rectifier is further configured with a first pre-charge relay connected in parallel with the first positive electrode relay, and a first pre-charge resistor connected in series with the first pre-charge relay.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage distribution box further comprises a first positive pole branch, a second positive pole branch and a negative pole main loop, wherein the first positive pole branch is provided with a third positive pole relay, the second positive pole branch is provided with a fourth positive pole relay and a second pre-charging relay, and the negative pole main loop is provided with a second negative pole relay.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high voltage distribution box further comprises a positive main circuit provided with a first switch for opening the circuit in case the switch is open, for closing the circuit in case the switch is closed, and for fusing the circuit in case the circuit is short-circuited.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high voltage system further comprises a braking unit and a braking resistor connected with the high voltage distribution box, and the vehicle controller is further configured to monitor the voltage of the direct current end of the high voltage system, so that the braking unit turns on a loop between the braking resistor and the braking unit when the voltage of the direct current end is larger than a second preset threshold value, and electric energy is converted into heat energy through the braking resistor.
A second aspect of the present application provides an electric tractor provided with the above-described power supply system for an electric tractor.
Through the technical scheme, the power supply system comprises a high-voltage system, wherein the high-voltage system is arranged on the electric tractor and comprises a rectifier, a high-voltage distribution box, a step-down transformer and a controller. The high-voltage power supply system comprises a rectifier, a high-voltage distribution box, a step-down transformer and a controller, wherein the rectifier is used for converting alternating current conveyed to a high-voltage system into direct current, the output positive electrode of the output end of the rectifier is provided with a first positive electrode relay, the output negative electrode of the output end of the rectifier is provided with a first negative electrode relay, the high-voltage distribution box is connected with the output end of the rectifier and used for distributing the direct current conveyed by the rectifier to an operation part, the output end of the step-down transformer is connected with the input end of the rectifier and used for carrying out step-down treatment on the alternating current, and the controller is used for controlling the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is in high-voltage and low voltage, so that the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier and an electric tractor is lower than a first preset threshold value. By the aid of the scheme, the safety of high-voltage power supply of the electric tractor can be improved.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 schematically shows an electrical schematic of a power supply system for an electric tractor according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an electrical connection diagram of a power supply system for an electric tractor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 schematically shows an electrical connection diagram of a power supply system for an electric tractor according to another embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
110-Rectifier, 2-second step-down transformer, 120-high voltage distribution box, C0-filter capacitor, 130-whole vehicle VCU, R0-discharge resistor, 140-step-down transformer, R1-first pre-charge resistor, 150-grid distribution cabinet, R2-second pre-charge resistor, 160-step-up transformer, K1-first positive relay, 170-high voltage switch cabinet, K2-first pre-charge relay, 180-reel device, K3-first negative relay, 190-transmission cable, K4-third positive relay, 210-brake unit, K5-fourth positive relay, 220-brake resistor, K6-second pre-charge relay, 230-three-in-one controller, K7-second negative relay, 10-braking motor, QF 1-second circuit breaker, 20-steering motor, QF 2-third circuit breaker, 30-low voltage battery, QF 3-first circuit breaker, 40-oil pump motor controller, QS 1-upper disconnecting switch, 41-oil pump motor, F1-first switch, 50 walking motor controller, F2-second switch, 51-walking motor, F3-third switch, 60-working motor controller, F4-fourth switch, 61-working motor, F5-fifth switch, 70-winding motor, F6-sixth switch, 1-first step-down transformer, 2-second step-down transformer, 181-winding drum controller.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the detailed description described herein is merely for illustrating and explaining the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are referred to in the embodiments of the present invention), the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Fig. 1 schematically shows an electrical schematic of a power supply system for an electric tractor according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply system for an electric tractor, the power supply system including a high voltage system mounted to the electric tractor, the high voltage system including:
The rectifier 110, the rectifier 110 includes output and input, the output includes outputting the positive pole and outputting the negative pole, the rectifier 110 is used for turning alternating current that is conveyed to the high-voltage system into direct current, wherein, the output positive pole of the rectifier disposes the first positive pole relay K1, the output negative pole of the rectifier disposes the first negative pole relay K3;
The high-voltage distribution box 120 is connected with the output end of the rectifier 110, and the high-voltage distribution box 120 is used for distributing the direct current transmitted by the rectifier 110 to the operation parts of the electric tractor;
The output end of the step-down transformer 140 is connected with the input end of the rectifier 110 and is used for carrying out step-down treatment on the alternating current transmitted to the high-voltage system;
and the whole vehicle controller (not shown in the figure) is respectively connected with the first positive electrode relay K1 and the first negative electrode relay K3, and is used for controlling the first positive electrode relay K1 and the first negative electrode relay K3 to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is powered down so as to enable the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier and the electric tractor to be lower than a first preset threshold value.
Specifically, the work components of the electric tractor include, but are not limited to, a travel motor controller, a work motor controller, a brake unit, a brake resistor, an oil pump motor controller, a brake motor, a steering motor, a low voltage battery, and the like. Rectifier 110 may utilize diode rectification to convert ac power delivered to the high voltage system to dc power. The output positive pole of the rectifier 110 is provided with a first positive pole relay K1, the output negative pole is provided with a first negative pole relay K3, the output positive pole and the output negative pole of the rectifier 110 are provided with relays, and when the whole vehicle is electrified under high voltage, the positive pole relay and the negative pole relay are controlled to be disconnected at the same time, so that the high-voltage circuit is ensured to be completely cut off, and the safety performance is improved. The output end of the step-down transformer 140 is connected to the input end of the rectifier 110, and the step-down transformer 140 steps down the alternating current supplied to the high voltage system. The ac power after the voltage reduction is converted into dc power by the rectifier 110, and then distributed to various working components of the electric tractor by the high-voltage distribution box 120. It can be understood that the relay configured at the output positive electrode can not completely disconnect the circuit, for example, only the relay at the output positive electrode is disconnected after power is turned off, the output negative electrode of the rectifier 110 still has a voltage difference with the frame of the electric tractor, the output positive electrode of the rear end circuit of the high voltage system is communicated with the output negative electrode through the discharge resistor, and the voltage difference also exists, so that an electric shock accident can be caused if the rear end high voltage is touched. Therefore, the whole vehicle controller can control the first positive relay K1 and the first negative relay K3 to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is at high-voltage power down, so that the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier 110 and the electric tractor is lower than a first preset threshold, and the first preset threshold refers to the voltage difference generated by random errors. The first preset threshold is set to be compatible with randomly generated errors, if the first preset threshold is exceeded, the risk of electric shock exists, and if the first preset threshold is lower than the first preset threshold, the actual requirement of safety operation is met. In particular, the first preset threshold may be set to be lower than the safety voltage 24V at which the human body is in continuous contact, beyond which there is a risk of electric shock. Thus, the safety of high-voltage power supply of the electric tractor can be improved. The vehicle controller may specifically be a vehicle VCU unit.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the input terminal of the rectifier 110 further includes a filter capacitor C0 and a discharge resistor R0, which are disposed in parallel, the filter capacitor C0 is used to filter the ac component in the rectifying circuit of the rectifier, and the discharge resistor R0 is used to dissipate the energy stored in the filter capacitor.
It will be appreciated that the filter capacitor C0 is an energy storage device installed at two ends of the rectifying circuit to reduce ac ripple coefficient and improve efficient smoothing dc output. The filter capacitor C0 is arranged to enable the working performance of the electronic circuit to be more stable, meanwhile, the interference of alternating ripple waves to the electronic circuit is reduced, and the filter capacitor is used in the rectifying circuit and used for filtering alternating current components, so that output direct current is smoother. The discharging resistor R0 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C0, and the filter capacitor C0 filters the ac component in the rectifying circuit of the rectifier 110 by charging and discharging, so that the discharging resistor R0 can quickly reduce the residual charge of the capacitor, and dissipate the energy stored in the filter capacitor.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage system further includes a step-down transformer 140, and an output terminal of the step-down transformer 140 is connected to an input terminal of the rectifier 110, for performing step-down processing on the ac power supplied to the high voltage system, where windings of the step-down transformer 140 are connected in a DY11 manner.
Step-down transformer 140 is fixedly mounted in the vehicle, and the windings are connected by DY 11. The step-down transformer 140 may step down the ac power supplied to the high voltage system to about 400V ac power, transmit the ac power to the rectifier 110, convert the ac power into dc power, and distribute the dc power to each working component through the high voltage distribution box 120.
Specifically, the ac component in the rectifying circuit of the rectifier 110 may be filtered through the filter capacitor C0 at the input end of the rectifier 110, and the energy stored in the filter capacitor is dissipated through the discharge resistor R0 connected in parallel to the filter capacitor C0, so that the ac is converted into dc suitable for the electric tractor, and is distributed to each working component through the high voltage distribution box 120. And the combination of the filter capacitor C0 and the discharge resistor R0 can be provided with a plurality of groups for parallel connection, thereby achieving the effect of eliminating alternating current components in alternating current to the maximum.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a step-down transformer 140 includes a lead-in terminal and a lead-out terminal, the lead-in terminal is connected in a delta connection, the lead-out terminal is connected in a star connection without a neutral line, and the lead-out terminal is configured with a first breaker QF3, the first breaker QF3 being used to cut off a line of a high voltage system in case that an overcurrent or a short circuit occurs in the high voltage system.
The step-down transformer 140 is fixedly installed in the vehicle, and can step down the high-voltage power supplied by the electric tractor, thereby conforming to the voltage of the driving operation provided by the electric tractor. The windings are connected in a DY11 mode, the wire inlet ends are connected in a triangle mode, and the wire outlet ends are connected in a star mode without neutral wires. The wire outlet end is provided with a first breaker QF3, and the first breaker QF3 is used for cutting off the circuit of the high-voltage system under the condition that the high-voltage system has overcurrent or short circuit, so that the circuit and the electric appliance at the voltage reduction rear end can be protected.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the power supply system further includes a power grid distribution cabinet 150, a step-up transformer 160, and a high voltage switch cabinet 170 sequentially connected according to a power supply direction, an output end of the high voltage switch cabinet 170 is connected to an input end of the step-down transformer 140, the step-up transformer 160 is fixedly installed on the ground, a winding of the step-up transformer 160 is connected in a manner of YNd11, a primary side of the step-up transformer 160 is connected with the power grid distribution cabinet in a manner of star connection, a secondary side of the step-up transformer 160 is connected with the high voltage switch cabinet 170 in a manner of triangle connection, and the power grid distribution cabinet is configured with a second circuit breaker QF1, the second circuit breaker QF1 being used to break a circuit in case of detecting an electric leakage.
Specifically, the electric tractor can be a high-horsepower tractor operating in the field, and can supply power for the whole machine through a pure power battery or a hybrid power mode of the power battery and an engine. The tractor needs long-time field operation, and the pure power battery power supply scheme is only suitable for a small-horsepower tractor and is not suitable for a large-horsepower tractor. For example, a 150KW (200 hp) tractor operating at rated power for 4 hours requires a battery pack of 600KW/h or more to be deployed, which is difficult to achieve from a cost and assembly space standpoint. The hybrid mode tractor has limited energy supply time of a pure power battery in a high horsepower interval, the whole tractor mainly depends on an engine to provide power, and more waste gas is discharged when the engine is driven by burning fuel oil, so that the hybrid mode tractor does not accord with the development concept of green and clean electric tractors.
In order to provide stable working electric energy for long endurance of the electric tractor, and without using fuel oil or a power battery as a power source, alternating current of the low-voltage power grid can be obtained from a commercial power grid provided by the power grid distribution cabinet 150, and the alternating current of the low-voltage power grid is boosted through the booster transformer 160 and transmitted to the high-voltage switch cabinet 170 in a mode of boosting transmission of the electric energy and in-vehicle voltage reduction. The voltage of the grid power distribution cabinet 150 may be 380V. The grid power distribution cabinet 150 may provide three-phase mains current. The high-voltage switch cabinet 170 is fixedly installed near the step-up transformer 160, and can cut off the circuit in time when the faults such as short circuit, disconnection, overcurrent and the like occur in the back-end circuit, so that the back-end electrical appliances and the circuit are protected, and meanwhile personal injury caused by cable skin breaking or short circuit is avoided. Further, the alternating current is transmitted to the step-down transformer 140, the step-down transformer 140 steps down the high voltage power transmitted to 400V to the rectifier 110, the rectifier 110 converts the alternating current into direct current suitable for the tractor, and the direct current is distributed to each working component through the high voltage distribution box 120. According to the scheme, the electric power of the power grid is used as the whole vehicle energy, so that the long-endurance stable work of the high-horsepower electric tractor can be ensured, and lower pollution emission can be realized. The power loss in the high-power and long-distance electric energy transmission process is reduced by adopting the scheme of boosting transmission and reducing voltage.
Referring to fig. 1, the high-voltage switch cabinet 170 is fixedly installed near the step-up transformer 160, and comprises a third circuit breaker QF2, an upper isolating knife switch QS1, a microcomputer protection device, a voltage transformer, a current transformer, a zero sequence current transformer and other devices, so that the circuit can be cut off in time when the rear-end circuit fails in short circuit, open circuit, overcurrent and other faults, the rear-end electric appliances and circuits are protected, and personal injury caused by cable skin breakage or short circuit is avoided. The third circuit breaker may be, but is not limited to, a vacuum circuit breaker.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage system includes a reel device 180, the high voltage switchgear 170 is connected with the step-down transformer through a power cable 190, the reel device 180 is used for winding and unwinding the power cable, a reel controller 181 is connected with the reel device 180, the reel controller 181 is connected with a third switch F3 of the high voltage distribution box, and the third switch F3 is connected in series with a third positive relay K4 of the high voltage distribution box.
Specifically, the power is transmitted to the step-down transformer 140 through the power transmission cable 190 and the reel device 180 after being output from the high-voltage switchgear 170. The power cable 190 may be a three-phase four-core wire, and includes a grounding cable for connecting the ground of the step-up transformer 160 to the frame of the electric tractor, so as to ensure the consistency of the level inside and outside the vehicle. The power transmission cable 190 is divided into an off-vehicle part and an in-vehicle part through the slip ring of the spool device 180, one end of the off-vehicle power transmission cable 190 is fixed to the high-voltage switch cabinet 170, the other end is connected to the rotor of the slip ring of the spool device 180, and the power transmission cable 190 is wound around the spool device 180 in the vehicle. The reel controller 181 is connected to the reel unit 180 to control the reeling or unreeling of the power transmission cable 190 with a proper tension according to the traveling distance of the electric tractor. The power transmission cable 190 is not loosely pulled to the ground due to excessive slackening and risk of breakage due to excessive tension. The spool controller 181 is connected with a third switch F3 of the high-voltage distribution box, and the third switch F3 is connected in series with a third positive relay K4 of the high-voltage distribution box. The high-voltage distribution box can distribute direct current to the winding drum controller and the winding drum device, and is matched with the remote work of the electric tractor. One end of the inside of the power transmission cable 190 is fixed to the stator of the slip ring of the winding drum device 180, and the other end is connected to the step-down transformer 140. According to the scheme, the power loss in the high-power long-distance electric energy transmission process is reduced by adopting the scheme of boosting transmission and reducing voltage, and the operation range of the tractor is increased by configuring a longer power transmission cable.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the output positive electrode of the rectifier 110 is further configured with a first pre-charge relay K2 connected to the first positive electrode relay K1 for controlling the opening and closing of the pre-charge loop. Specifically, the first positive relay K1 is connected in parallel with the first pre-charging relay K2, and the first pre-charging relay K2 is connected in series with the first pre-charging resistor R1, so that the current can be limited, the large current impact is avoided, and the power switch is protected from being damaged. The filter capacitor C0 at the input end of the rectifier 110 filters the ac component in the rectifying circuit of the rectifier 110, and dissipates the energy stored in the filter capacitor through the discharge resistor R0 connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C0, and the combination of the filter capacitor C0 and the discharge resistor R0 can set multiple groups to be connected in parallel, so as to achieve the effect of eliminating the ac component in the ac to the maximum. One end of the combination of the filter capacitor C0 and the discharge resistor R0 is connected with the output positive electrode, and the other end is connected with the output negative electrode.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage distribution box 120 further includes a first positive branch, a second positive branch, and a negative main circuit, where the first positive branch is configured with a third positive relay K4, the second positive branch is configured with a fourth positive relay K5, the second positive branch is configured with a second pre-charge relay K6, and the negative main circuit is configured with a second negative relay K7.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage distribution box 120 further includes a positive main circuit configured with a first switch F1 for opening the circuit in case of opening the switch, closing the circuit in case of closing the switch, and fusing the circuit in case of short circuit.
The direct current rectified by the rectifier 110 is transmitted to the high-voltage distribution box 120, and is distributed to each motor controller and motor through the high-voltage distribution box 120 to provide electric energy for the whole machine. The high-voltage distribution box 120 includes a third positive relay K4, a fourth positive relay K5, a second pre-charging relay K6, and a second negative relay K7, which are used for controlling the dc high-voltage circuit. The positive main loop is also provided with a first switch F1, the circuit is disconnected during debugging and maintenance to ensure safety, and meanwhile, the circuit and the electric appliance can be effectively fused when the rear-end circuit is short-circuited.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high voltage system further includes a braking unit 210 and a braking resistor 220 connected to the high voltage distribution box 120, and the vehicle controller (not shown) is further configured to monitor a voltage of a dc terminal of the high voltage system, and when the voltage of the dc terminal of the braking unit 210 is greater than a second preset threshold, switch on a loop between the braking resistor 220 and the braking unit 210 to convert electric energy into thermal energy through the braking resistor. The second preset threshold is a voltage threshold of the dc end of the high-voltage distribution box set by a technician, and is set as a basis for the brake unit to switch on the loop between the brake resistor 220 and the brake unit 210, so that the stability of the dc can be improved. Specifically, because the overvoltage protection point of the motor controller is 750V, in order to prevent the motor controller from being stopped for protection or damage caused by overvoltage, the direct current voltage is ensured not to exceed the protection point in the reaction time of the braking unit, and the second preset threshold value can be set to 680V through simulation.
Because no power battery is arranged in the power supply system, the motor can generate regenerated electric energy after decelerating or braking, and the regenerated electric energy is fed back to the direct current bus and cannot be rapidly consumed, so that the direct current high voltage of the whole machine is abnormally increased, and the motor controller is stopped and even damaged. Therefore, the braking unit 210 and the braking resistor 220 are disposed between the main circuits of the high-voltage distribution box 120, the vehicle controller monitors the voltage of the dc end of the high-voltage system, and when the voltage is greater than the second preset threshold, the braking unit 210 turns on the circuit between the braking resistors 220, and the braking resistor 220 converts the regenerated electric energy into heat energy for consumption, so as to keep the dc voltage stable.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a first branch of the first positive electrode branch is connected to an auxiliary source three-in-one controller, a second switch F2 is disposed on the branch, and the three-in-one controller 230 is connected to the brake motor 10, the steering motor 20, and the low voltage battery 30, respectively. The three-in-one controller 230 includes a DCAC1 for the brake motor 10, a DCAC2 for the steering motor 20, and a DCDC1 for the low-voltage battery 30. The wires connecting the brake motor 10 are 3×2.5mm2 multicore shielded cables, the wires connecting the steering motor 20 are 3×2.5mm 2 multicore shielded cables, the wires connecting the low-voltage battery 30 are 24 v+35 mm 2 unshielded cables and 24V-35 mm 2 unshielded cables. The second branch of the first positive branch is connected to the spool controller 181, and a third switch F3 is provided on the second branch, and a DCAC3 is provided between the second branch and the spool controller 181. The second positive electrode branch corresponds to three branches, the first branch is provided with a fourth switch F4, the first branch is connected with an oil pump motor controller 40, the oil pump motor controller 40 controls an oil pump motor 41 to operate, the second branch is provided with a fifth switch F5, the second branch is connected with a walking motor controller 50, the walking motor controller 50 controls a walking motor 51 to operate, the third branch is provided with a sixth switch F6, the third branch is connected with an operation motor controller 60, and the operation motor controller 60 controls the operation motor 61 to operate. After the second pre-charging relay K6 is connected with the second pre-charging resistor R2 in series, the second pre-charging relay K6 and the second pre-charging resistor R2 are connected with a fourth positive relay K5 of the second positive branch in parallel. The switches are used for controlling the on-off of the corresponding controllers or components respectively. The high voltage distribution box 120 further includes a third positive electrode branch, to which the braking unit 210 and the braking resistor 220 are connected. The braking unit 210 may not be judged based on the whole vehicle controller, and may be started to turn on the braking resistor in time when the motor is decelerating or braking to generate reverse electromotive force, so as to convert the regenerated electric energy into heat energy for consumption, and keep the dc voltage stable.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an electrical connection diagram of a power supply system for an electric tractor according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the power supply system is sequentially connected with a power grid distribution cabinet 150, a step-up transformer 160, a high-voltage switch cabinet 170, a power transmission cable 190, a step-down transformer 140, a rectifier 110, a high-voltage distribution box 120, a whole vehicle VCU130, and operation components according to a power supply direction. Wherein, the transmission cable 190 is divided into an external part and an internal part through the slip ring of the reel device 180, one end of the transmission cable 190 outside the vehicle is fixed on the high-voltage switch cabinet 170, the other end is connected to the rotor of the slip ring, the transmission cable 190 is wound on the reel device 180 inside the vehicle, the reel is driven to rotate by the winding motor 70 of the reel device, and the cable is wound or unwound along with the running distance of the electric tractor. The in-car portion of the power transmission cable 190 is fixed at one end to the stator of the slip ring and at the other end to the step-down transformer 140. The working components of the electric tractor include a travel motor 51, a travel motor controller 50, a working motor 61, a working motor controller 60, a brake unit 210, a brake resistor 220, an oil pump motor 41, and an oil pump motor controller 40, all of which are connected to a high-voltage distribution box 120. The working components also include a brake motor 10, a steering motor 20, a low voltage battery 30, etc. connected to the three-in-one controller 230. The whole vehicle VCU130 is connected to the rectifier 110, the high-voltage distribution box 120, the oil pump motor controller 40, the travel motor controller 50, the work motor controller 60, and the three-in-one controller 230, respectively. The three-in-one controller 230 is connected to the high voltage distribution box 120. The power of the brake motor 10 may be 1.5KW and the power of the steering motor 20 may be 3KW.
The step-up transformer 160 and the high-voltage switch cabinet 170 are fixedly arranged outside the vehicle and close to the power grid power distribution cabinet 150, and the winding drum device 180, the step-down transformer 140, the rectifier 110, the high-voltage distribution box 120, the whole vehicle VCU130 and the like are all arranged in the vehicle. The step-up transformer 160 is connected with a power grid, steps up the power grid in a low voltage mode, transmits the power grid to the step-down transformer 140 through the winding drum device 180 and the power transmission cable 190, steps down the transmitted high-voltage alternating current into an alternating current power supply of about 400V through the step-down transformer 140, transmits the alternating current to the rectifier 110, converts the alternating current into direct current which is suitable for a tractor to use through the rectifier 110, and distributes the direct current to each motor controller and each motor through the high-voltage distribution box 120.
According to the technical scheme, the power supply mode of taking power from the power grid is adopted, and the power grid electric energy is used as the whole vehicle energy source, so that the long-endurance stable work of the high-horsepower tractor can be ensured, and the whole vehicle zero emission can be realized. By adopting the scheme of boosting transmission and reducing voltage, the power loss in the high-power long-distance electric energy transmission process is reduced, longer transmission cables can be configured, and the operation range of the tractor is increased. The high-voltage switch cabinet, the step-down transformer and the high-voltage distribution box are all provided with circuit breaking protection devices aiming at the back-end circuit, so that the circuit can be timely cut off when faults such as short circuit, circuit breaking, overcurrent and the like occur on each section of circuit at the back end, electric appliances and cables at the back end are protected, and meanwhile electric shock injury caused by grounding short circuit and the like is avoided. The rectifier outputs positive and negative poles which are both provided with relays, the positive and negative poles are simultaneously controlled to be disconnected when the whole automobile is electrified under high voltage, the high-voltage circuit is ensured to be completely disconnected, and a braking unit and a braking resistor are arranged behind a high-voltage distribution box, so that the motor can be started in time when the motor is decelerated or braked to generate reverse electromotive force, regenerated electric energy is converted into heat energy to consume, and the direct-current voltage is kept stable.
Fig. 3 schematically shows an electrical schematic of a power supply system for an electric tractor according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the power supply system is sequentially connected in a power supply direction with a power grid distribution cabinet 150, a first step-down transformer 1, a high voltage switch cabinet 170, a power transmission cable 190, a second step-down transformer 2, a rectifier 110, a high voltage distribution box 120, and an operation member. The power transmission cable 190 is divided into an external part and an internal part through the slip ring of the drum device 180, one end of the power transmission cable 190 outside the vehicle is fixed on the high-voltage switch cabinet 170, the other end of the power transmission cable 190 is connected to the rotor of the slip ring, and the power transmission cable 190 is wound on the drum device 180 inside the vehicle and can be wound or unwound along with the running distance of the electric tractor. One end of the in-car part of the transmission cable 190 is fixed to the stator of the slip ring, and the other end is connected to the second step-down transformer 2. The working components of the electric tractor include a travel motor 51, a travel motor controller 50, a working motor 61, a working motor controller 60, a brake unit 210, a brake resistor 220, an oil pump motor 41, and an oil pump motor controller 40, all of which are connected to a high-voltage distribution box 120. The working components also include a brake motor 10, a steering motor 20, a low voltage battery 30, etc. connected to the three-in-one controller 230. The whole vehicle VCU130 is connected to the rectifier 110, the high-voltage distribution box 120, the oil pump motor controller 40, the travel motor controller 50, the work motor controller 60, and the three-in-one controller 230, respectively. The three-in-one controller 230 is connected to the high voltage distribution box 120.
The first step-down transformer 1 and the high-voltage switch cabinet 170 are fixedly arranged outside the vehicle and close to the power grid power distribution cabinet 150, and the winding drum device 180, the second step-down transformer 2, the rectifier 110, the high-voltage power distribution box 120, the whole vehicle VCU130 and the like are all arranged in the vehicle. The first step-down transformer 1 is connected with a power grid, steps down the voltage in the power grid, transmits the voltage to the second step-down transformer 2 through the winding drum device 180 and the power transmission cable 190, steps down the transmitted high-voltage alternating current into an alternating current power supply of about 400V by the second step-down transformer 2, transmits the alternating current to the rectifier 110, converts the alternating current into direct current which is suitable for a tractor to use by the rectifier 110, and distributes the direct current to each motor controller and each motor to use by the high-voltage distribution box 120.
The power is taken from a medium-voltage 6/10kV power grid, regulated to the power transmission required voltage through the first step-down transformer 1, then transmitted into a vehicle through the power transmission cable 190 after being connected to the high-voltage switch cabinet 170, and subjected to secondary step-down through the second step-down transformer 2. Moreover, if the power of the whole machine is large enough, a step-down process can be omitted, the electric energy of the medium-voltage power grid is directly transmitted into the vehicle through the power transmission cable 190 after passing through the high-voltage switch cabinet 170, the electric energy is stepped down by the second step-down transformer 2 in the vehicle, and then the electric energy is rectified into direct current which is matched with the whole vehicle to supply energy to the whole vehicle. Of course, the transmission voltage is increased, and the corresponding danger coefficient is increased, so that the power transmission voltage which is matched with the whole vehicle requirement is selected, and the 6/10kV power grid can not be selected for direct power supply in a blind way for reducing the step-down link.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a controller, which may include:
A memory configured to store instructions;
a processor configured to invoke the instructions from the memory and when executing the instructions is capable of implementing the above-described method for controlling a power supply system.
Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, a processor may be configured to:
Under the condition that the high-voltage system is in high-voltage power down, the first positive relay and the first negative relay are controlled to be simultaneously disconnected, so that the voltage difference between the output negative electrode of the rectifier and the electric tractor is lower than a first preset threshold value.
In an embodiment of the invention, the processor may be further configured to:
And monitoring the voltage of the direct current end of the high-voltage system, so that the braking unit turns on a loop between the braking resistor and the braking unit when the voltage of the direct current end is larger than a second preset threshold value, and the braking resistor converts electric energy into heat energy.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an electric tractor, which can comprise the power supply system for the electric tractor, so that the long-endurance stable work of the electric tractor can be ensured, and the zero emission of the whole vehicle can be realized.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A power supply system for an electric tractor, the power supply system comprising a high voltage system mounted to the electric tractor, the electric tractor comprising a high horsepower tractor operating in the field, the high voltage system comprising:
The rectifier comprises an output end and an input end, wherein the output end comprises an output positive electrode and an output negative electrode, the rectifier is used for converting alternating current conveyed to the high-voltage system into direct current, the output positive electrode of the rectifier is provided with a first positive relay, the output negative electrode of the rectifier is provided with a first negative relay, the input end of the rectifier further comprises a filter capacitor and a discharge resistor which are arranged in parallel, the filter capacitor is used for filtering alternating current components in a rectifying circuit of the rectifier, and the discharge resistor is used for dissipating energy stored in the filter capacitor;
The high-voltage distribution box is connected with the output end of the rectifier and is used for distributing the direct current transmitted by the rectifier to the operation part of the electric tractor;
The output end of the step-down transformer is connected with the input end of the rectifier and is used for carrying out step-down treatment on the alternating current transmitted to the high-voltage system;
the whole vehicle controller is respectively connected with the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay, and is used for controlling the first positive electrode relay and the first negative electrode relay to be simultaneously disconnected under the condition that the high-voltage system is in high-voltage power down so as to enable the voltage difference between the output end of the rectifier and the electric tractor to be lower than a first preset threshold value;
The power supply system further comprises a power grid power distribution cabinet, a step-up transformer and a high-voltage switch cabinet which are sequentially connected according to a power supply direction, wherein the output end of the high-voltage switch cabinet is connected with the input end of the step-down transformer, the step-up transformer is fixedly installed on the ground, the connection mode of windings of the step-up transformer is YNd11, the primary side of the step-up transformer is in star connection with the power grid power distribution cabinet, the secondary side of the step-up transformer is in triangular connection with the high-voltage switch cabinet, and the power grid power distribution cabinet is provided with a second circuit breaker which is used for disconnecting a circuit under the condition of detecting electric leakage.
2. The power supply system for an electric tractor according to claim 1, wherein the winding of the step-down transformer is connected in a DY11 manner.
3. The power supply system for an electric tractor according to claim 1, wherein the step-down transformer includes an inlet terminal and an outlet terminal, the inlet terminal is connected in a delta connection, the outlet terminal is connected in a star connection without a neutral line, and the outlet terminal is provided with a first circuit breaker for cutting off a line of the high voltage system in case that an overcurrent or a short circuit occurs in the high voltage system.
4. The power supply system for an electric tractor of claim 1, wherein the high voltage system further comprises:
the winding drum device, the high-voltage switch cabinet is connected with the step-down transformer through a power transmission cable, the winding drum device is used for winding and unwinding the power transmission cable;
The winding drum controller is connected with the winding drum device, the winding drum controller is connected with a third switch of the high-voltage distribution box, and the third switch is connected with a third positive relay of the high-voltage distribution box in series.
5. The power supply system for an electric tractor of claim 1, wherein the output anode of the rectifier is further configured with a first pre-charge relay connected in parallel with the first anode relay, and a first pre-charge resistor connected in series with the first pre-charge relay.
6. The power supply system for an electric tractor of claim 1, wherein the high voltage distribution box further comprises a first positive branch, a second positive branch, a negative main circuit, and a positive main circuit, the first positive branch is configured with a third positive relay, the second positive branch is configured with a fourth positive relay and a second pre-charge relay, the negative main circuit is configured with a second negative relay, the positive main circuit is configured with a first switch for opening the circuit when the switch is open, for closing the circuit when the switch is closed, and for fusing the circuit when the circuit is shorted.
7. The power supply system for an electric tractor of claim 1, wherein the high voltage system further comprises a brake unit and a brake resistor connected to the high voltage distribution box, the vehicle controller further configured to:
and monitoring the voltage of the direct current end of the high-voltage system, so that the braking unit is connected with a loop between the braking resistor and the braking unit when the voltage of the direct current end is larger than a second preset threshold value, and the braking resistor is used for converting electric energy into heat energy.
8. An electric tractor characterized in that a power supply system for an electric tractor as claimed in any one of claims 1-7 is provided.
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| CN202411261401.2A CN118790046B (en) | 2024-09-10 | 2024-09-10 | Power supply system for electric tractor and electric tractor |
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| CN202411261401.2A CN118790046B (en) | 2024-09-10 | 2024-09-10 | Power supply system for electric tractor and electric tractor |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105620292A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle high-pressure power supply control system and method |
| CN113784863A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-12-10 | 山特维克矿山工程机械有限公司 | Mining vehicle |
| CN217063287U (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-07-26 | 山东德曼机械有限公司 | High-power high-low voltage transformation cable type electric loader |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2509664C1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2014-03-20 | Сандвик Майнинг Энд Констракшн Ой | Mining vehicle and method of its power supply |
| JP2023119762A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-29 | 井関農機株式会社 | electric work vehicle |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105620292A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle high-pressure power supply control system and method |
| CN113784863A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-12-10 | 山特维克矿山工程机械有限公司 | Mining vehicle |
| CN217063287U (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-07-26 | 山东德曼机械有限公司 | High-power high-low voltage transformation cable type electric loader |
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