CN118783505A - A method and device for switching between on-grid and off-grid of energy storage converter - Google Patents
A method and device for switching between on-grid and off-grid of energy storage converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种储能变流器的并离网切换方法和装置,涉及电网技术领域,包括实时监测电网运行状态,电网运行状态异常时使用混合同步机制进行预同步调整并使用VSG控制变流器输出;使用传感器确认所有参数调整到离网运行标准后将储能变流器切换至离网模式;结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略,预测短期内负载变化调整变流器输出并根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源。本发明通过引入混合同步机制进行预同步调整结合VSG技术控制变流器输出,显著提升了变流器与电网的同步效果,降低了并离网切换时的冲击,基于实时电价、负载需求和储能状态动态调整充放电策略,优化了储能系统的能源分配和经济效益,确保了电力系统的稳定运行。
The present invention discloses a method and device for switching an energy storage converter between grid and off-grid, and relates to the field of power grid technology, including real-time monitoring of the grid operation status, using a hybrid synchronization mechanism for pre-synchronization adjustment and using VSG to control converter output when the grid operation status is abnormal; using sensors to confirm that all parameters are adjusted to off-grid operation standards before switching the energy storage converter to off-grid mode; adjusting the charging and discharging strategy in combination with real-time electricity prices, load demands and energy storage status, predicting load changes in the short term to adjust converter output and dynamically allocating energy according to the urgency and importance of the load. The present invention significantly improves the synchronization effect between the converter and the grid by introducing a hybrid synchronization mechanism for pre-synchronization adjustment and combining VSG technology to control converter output, reduces the impact during grid and off-grid switching, dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electricity prices, load demands and energy storage status, optimizes the energy distribution and economic benefits of the energy storage system, and ensures the stable operation of the power system.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及电网技术领域,特别是一种储能变流器的并离网切换方法和装置。The present invention relates to the technical field of power grids, and in particular to a method and device for switching an energy storage converter on and off the grid.
背景技术Background Art
随着可再生能源的快速发展以及智能电网技术的逐步推广,储能系统在电力系统中的地位日益重要。储能变流器作为储能系统的重要组成部分,不仅在能量存储和调度方面发挥关键作用,还在电力系统的频率调节、负载平衡以及电压稳定中具有重要意义。传统的并离网切换技术通常依赖于简单的阈值控制和固定的预设切换逻辑,无法充分应对电网运行过程中频繁出现的异常波动以及复杂的负载变化。为此,近年来,研究人员和工程师们在储能变流器的控制策略方面进行了大量探索和创新,其中,虚拟同步发电机(VSG)技术和多模态同步控制机制逐渐成为焦点。With the rapid development of renewable energy and the gradual promotion of smart grid technology, the position of energy storage systems in power systems is becoming increasingly important. As an important component of energy storage systems, energy storage converters not only play a key role in energy storage and scheduling, but also have important significance in frequency regulation, load balancing and voltage stability of power systems. Traditional grid-connected and off-grid switching technologies usually rely on simple threshold control and fixed preset switching logic, which cannot fully cope with the frequent abnormal fluctuations and complex load changes during grid operation. To this end, in recent years, researchers and engineers have conducted a lot of exploration and innovation in the control strategy of energy storage converters, among which virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology and multi-modal synchronous control mechanism have gradually become the focus.
然而,现有技术在储能变流器的并离网切换过程中仍然存在若干不足。首先,现有的同步控制策略大多仅基于单一参数进行调整,未能充分考虑电网运行状态的多维度变化,导致在电网异常情况下,变流器与电网的同步效果较差,存在潜在的不稳定风险。其次,传统技术在并离网切换时往往忽略了储能系统与电网之间的动态响应匹配问题,可能引发切换时的电压波动或频率扰动,进而影响整个电力系统的稳定性。此外,现有的充放电策略多为静态或基于简单规则的策略,缺乏对实时电价、负载需求和储能状态的综合考虑,导致储能系统的利用效率和经济效益还有待提高。However, the existing technology still has several deficiencies in the on-grid and off-grid switching process of energy storage inverters. First, most of the existing synchronization control strategies are based on adjustments based on a single parameter, and fail to fully consider the multi-dimensional changes in the operating status of the power grid, resulting in poor synchronization between the inverter and the power grid under abnormal conditions of the power grid, and potential instability risks. Secondly, traditional technologies often ignore the dynamic response matching problem between the energy storage system and the power grid when switching on and off the grid, which may cause voltage fluctuations or frequency disturbances during switching, thereby affecting the stability of the entire power system. In addition, the existing charging and discharging strategies are mostly static or based on simple rules, lacking comprehensive consideration of real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, resulting in the utilization efficiency and economic benefits of the energy storage system still need to be improved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述现有的储能变流器的并离网切换方法和装置中存在的问题,提出了本发明。In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing on-grid and off-grid switching methods and devices of energy storage converters, the present invention is proposed.
因此,本发明所要解决的问题在于现有的储能变流器并离网切换技术的同步控制不足、动态响应匹配差以及充放电策略优化欠缺。Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing energy storage converter on-grid and off-grid switching technology has insufficient synchronous control, poor dynamic response matching, and lack of optimization of charging and discharging strategies.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种储能变流器的并离网切换方法,其包括:实时监测电网运行状态,电网运行状态异常时使用混合同步机制进行预同步调整并使用VSG控制变流器输出;使用传感器确认所有参数调整到离网运行标准后将储能变流器切换至离网模式;结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略,预测短期内负载变化调整变流器输出并根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源;在电网恢复正常后生成切换指令,将储能变流器切换回并网模式。To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for switching an energy storage inverter between on-grid and off-grid, comprising: real-time monitoring of the operating status of the power grid, using a hybrid synchronization mechanism for pre-synchronization adjustment and using VSG to control the inverter output when the operating status of the power grid is abnormal; using sensors to confirm that all parameters are adjusted to the off-grid operation standards before switching the energy storage inverter to the off-grid mode; adjusting the charging and discharging strategy in combination with the real-time electricity price, load demand and energy storage status, predicting short-term load changes to adjust the inverter output and dynamically allocating energy according to the urgency and importance of the load; generating a switching instruction after the power grid returns to normal, and switching the energy storage inverter back to the on-grid mode.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述实时监测电网运行状态指在电网的主变压器接入点、负载接入点以及储能单元附件部署传感器收集实时电网运行数据,历史电网运行数据并对收集的数据进行预处理;As a preferred solution of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage converter of the present invention, wherein: the real-time monitoring of the grid operation status refers to deploying sensors at the main transformer access point, load access point and energy storage unit attachment of the grid to collect real-time grid operation data, historical grid operation data and pre-process the collected data;
使用随机森林模型对电网运行数据进行异常检测,使用历史电网运行数据训练随机森林模型并通过RSO算法优化模型参数,将实时电网运行数据输入进优化后的随机森林模型中判断电网的运行状态,若模型输出结果为正常并且储能变流器当前为离网模式,则生成切换指令,准备将储能变流器的模式切换为并网模式,若模型输出结果为异常并且储能变流器当前为并网模式,则生成切换指令,准备将储能变流器的模式切换为离网模式。A random forest model is used to detect anomalies in the power grid operation data. The random forest model is trained using historical power grid operation data and the model parameters are optimized through the RSO algorithm. The real-time power grid operation data is input into the optimized random forest model to determine the operation status of the power grid. If the model output result is normal and the energy storage inverter is currently in off-grid mode, a switching instruction is generated to prepare to switch the mode of the energy storage inverter to the grid-connected mode. If the model output result is abnormal and the energy storage inverter is currently in the grid-connected mode, a switching instruction is generated to prepare to switch the mode of the energy storage inverter to the off-grid mode.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述电网运行状态异常时使用混合同步机制进行预同步调整并使用VSG控制变流器输出,包括:对历史电网运行数据中的频率数据和电压数据进行均值计算得到频率均值和电压均值,使用欧拉公式将相位转换为复数形式并对所有相位复数进行均值计算,从平均复数中提取相位角度,将频率均值、电压均值以及相位角度作为电网参考频率、参考电压以及参考相位;As a preferred solution of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage converter of the present invention, wherein: when the grid operation state is abnormal, a hybrid synchronization mechanism is used to perform pre-synchronization adjustment and VSG is used to control the output of the converter, including: performing mean calculation on the frequency data and voltage data in the historical grid operation data to obtain the frequency mean and voltage mean, using the Euler formula to convert the phase into a complex form and perform mean calculation on all phase complex numbers, extracting the phase angle from the average complex number, and using the frequency mean, voltage mean and phase angle as the grid reference frequency, reference voltage and reference phase;
计算储能变流器当前输出频率和电网参考频率之间的偏差,使用P-V电压降控制策略进行频率的初步同步;Calculate the deviation between the current output frequency of the energy storage converter and the grid reference frequency, and use the P-V voltage drop control strategy to perform preliminary frequency synchronization;
在频率同步后,计算储能变流器当前输出电压和电网参考电压之间的偏差,通过双降控制策略进行电压的初步同步;After frequency synchronization, the deviation between the current output voltage of the energy storage converter and the grid reference voltage is calculated, and the voltage is initially synchronized through the double-drop control strategy;
在电压同步后,计算储能变流器当前输出相位和电网参考相位之间的偏差,通过相位锁定环技术进行相位的初步同步;After voltage synchronization, the deviation between the current output phase of the energy storage converter and the grid reference phase is calculated, and the initial phase synchronization is performed through the phase-locked loop technology;
在完成预同步调整后,使用VSG模拟传统同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性进行精确同步,控制公式为:After completing the pre-synchronization adjustment, VSG is used to simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of the traditional synchronous generator for precise synchronization. The control formula is:
; ;
式中,J(t)是实时惯性系数,J0为初始惯性,为VSG与电网频率的偏差,bJ是阻尼调节系数,cJ是调节系数;Where J(t) is the real-time inertia coefficient, J0 is the initial inertia, is the deviation between VSG and grid frequency, b J is the damping adjustment coefficient, c J is the adjustment coefficient;
根据频率偏差调整功率输出,同步储能变流器和电网的频率:Adjust power output according to frequency deviation and synchronize the frequency of energy storage converter and grid:
; ;
式中,Pout(t)是实时输出功率,Pref是参考有功功率,Kd为频率下垂系数,为参考频率,表示VSG当前的输出频率;Where P out (t) is the real-time output power, Pref is the reference active power, Kd is the frequency droop coefficient, is the reference frequency, Indicates the current output frequency of VSG;
通过Q-V下垂控制调整储能变流器的电压输出,与电网电压进行同步;Adjust the voltage output of the energy storage converter through Q-V droop control to synchronize with the grid voltage;
在负载变化变大的情况下,动态调整阻尼系数D(t)平滑频率波动,调节公式为:When the load changes, the damping coefficient D(t) is dynamically adjusted to smooth the frequency fluctuation. The adjustment formula is:
; ;
式中,Pmax为最大功率输出,P(t)是实时功率输出,KD是阻尼调节系数。Where P max is the maximum power output, P(t) is the real-time power output, and K D is the damping adjustment coefficient.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述使用传感器确认所有参数调整到离网运行标准后将储能变流器切换至离网模式包括:设定储能变流器的频率、电压以及相位的误差范围,检测当前储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位与电网的参考频率和电压以及相位之间的匹配度,若储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位都在设定的误差范围内,则将储能变流器切换为离网模式,若储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位有未在设定的误差范围内的,则重新进行同步直到全部位于设定的误差范围内再切换为离网模式。As a preferred scheme of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage inverter described in the present invention, the method includes: using sensors to confirm that all parameters are adjusted to the off-grid operation standard and then switching the energy storage inverter to the off-grid mode includes: setting the error range of the frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter, detecting the matching degree between the output frequency, voltage and phase of the current energy storage inverter and the reference frequency, voltage and phase of the power grid; if the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter are within the set error range, the energy storage inverter is switched to the off-grid mode; if the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter are not within the set error range, resynchronization is performed until all are within the set error range and then switched to the off-grid mode.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略,包括:使用负载监测设备实时测量当前的负载需求L(t),通过储能系统的监测设备获取储能变流器当前的储能状态,计算储能状态响应函数:As a preferred solution of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage converter of the present invention, wherein: the charging and discharging strategy is adjusted in combination with the real-time electricity price, load demand and energy storage state, including: using the load monitoring device to measure the current load demand L(t) in real time, obtaining the current energy storage state of the energy storage converter through the monitoring device of the energy storage system, and calculating the energy storage state response function :
; ;
式中,S(t)是储能变流器当前储能容量,Sref是储能变流器的额定储能容量,δ是响应函数的陡度调节常数;In the formula, S(t) is the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage converter, S ref is the rated energy storage capacity of the energy storage converter, and δ is the steepness adjustment constant of the response function;
收集实时电价数据,计算电价时间变化函数:Collect real-time electricity price data and calculate the time-varying function of electricity price :
; ;
式中,p0是初始电价,α是电价增长速率常数,β是电价波动频率常数,γ是波动幅度调节常数;In the formula, p 0 is the initial electricity price, α is the electricity price growth rate constant, β is the electricity price fluctuation frequency constant, and γ is the fluctuation amplitude adjustment constant;
计算时间周期T内的电价平均值:Calculate the average electricity price within the time period T :
; ;
式中,dt是时间的微小变化量;Where dt is the small change in time;
计算储能变流器的周期性波动项G(t):Calculate the periodic fluctuation term G(t) of the energy storage converter:
; ;
式中,pref是储能变流器的额定输出功率,gref是参考电价,ω1是角频率,φ是初相位;Where, p ref is the rated output power of the energy storage converter, g ref is the reference electricity price, ω 1 is the angular frequency, and φ is the initial phase;
综合构建充放电策略功率的计算公式表示为:The calculation formula for the comprehensive construction of the charging and discharging strategy power is expressed as:
, ,
式中,C(t)是充放电策略功率;Where C(t) is the power of the charge and discharge strategy;
根据实时电价和负载需求决定储能变流器的充放电策略,并根据计算得出的C(t)值调整储能变流器的输出功率。The charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage inverter is determined according to the real-time electricity price and load demand, and the output power of the energy storage inverter is adjusted according to the calculated C(t) value.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述预测短期内负载变化调整变流器输出并根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源,包括:构建支持向量回归模型,将历史负载数据作为训练集,使用训练集和损失函数进行支持向量回归模型训练,调整支持向量回归模型最小化预测误差;As a preferred solution of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage converter of the present invention, wherein: the predicting of load changes in a short period of time to adjust the converter output and dynamically allocate energy according to the urgency and importance of the load includes: constructing a support vector regression model, using historical load data as a training set, using the training set and the loss function to train the support vector regression model, and adjusting the support vector regression model to minimize the prediction error;
将实时负载数据输入支持向量回归模型预测储能变流器的未来负载;The real-time load data is input into the support vector regression model to predict the future load of the energy storage converter;
根据负载的紧急程度和重要性确定优先级,根据该负载的历史停电影响程度以及性质对预测的未来负载进行分类:Prioritize the load based on its urgency and importance, and categorize the predicted future load based on the extent and nature of the historical outage impact on that load:
若该负载对系统稳定性和安全性要求高并且不允许中断,则为高优先级;If the load has high requirements on system stability and security and does not allow interruption, it is a high priority;
若该负载允许短时中断的负载,则为中优先级;If the load allows short interruptions, it is medium priority;
若该负载允许在能源紧张时暂时中断,则为低优先级;If the load is allowed to be temporarily interrupted when energy is tight, it is a low priority;
按照优先级别为不同负载分配能源。Allocate energy to different loads according to priority.
作为本发明所述储能变流器的并离网切换方法的一种优选方案,其中:所述在电网恢复正常后生成切换指令,将储能变流器切换回并网模式,包括:实时监测电网的运行状态的稳定性,在确认电网参数在稳定范围内后,再次混合同步机制进行预同步,匹配储能变流器的输出和电网参数,在所有参数匹配后生成切换信号,逐步增加与电网的功率交换并同步控制电压和频率的微调将储能变流器切换至并网模式。As a preferred scheme of the on-grid and off-grid switching method of the energy storage inverter described in the present invention, wherein: the switching instruction is generated after the power grid returns to normal, and the energy storage inverter is switched back to the grid-connected mode, including: real-time monitoring of the stability of the operating state of the power grid, and after confirming that the grid parameters are within the stable range, the hybrid synchronization mechanism is used again for pre-synchronization, matching the output of the energy storage inverter and the grid parameters, generating a switching signal after all parameters are matched, gradually increasing the power exchange with the power grid and synchronously controlling the voltage and frequency fine-tuning to switch the energy storage inverter to the grid-connected mode.
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种储能变流器的并离网切换装置,其包括:Another object of the present invention is to provide a grid-connected and off-grid switching device for an energy storage converter, comprising:
异常检测模块,用于收集电网运行数据进行异常检测,识别电网的异常状态;Anomaly detection module, used to collect grid operation data for anomaly detection and identify abnormal status of the grid;
切换控制模块,用于根据传感器确认储能变流器所有参数与电网参数的匹配状态,控制储能变流器切换至对应的模式;A switching control module is used to confirm the matching status of all parameters of the energy storage converter and the grid parameters according to the sensor, and control the energy storage converter to switch to the corresponding mode;
同步控制模块,用于使用P-V电压降控制策略和双降控制策略进行初步同步后使用VSG模拟传统同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性进行精确同步;A synchronous control module is used to perform preliminary synchronization using the P-V voltage drop control strategy and the double drop control strategy, and then perform precise synchronization using the VSG to simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of the traditional synchronous generator;
能源管理模块,用于结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略并预测储能变流器短期内负载变化调整变流器输出根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源。The energy management module is used to adjust the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, and predict the short-term load changes of the energy storage converter to adjust the converter output and dynamically allocate energy according to the urgency and importance of the load.
一种计算机设备,包括:存储器和处理器;所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现储能变流器的并离网切换方法的步骤。A computer device comprises: a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of a method for switching an energy storage converter on and off the grid when executing the computer program.
一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现储能变流器的并离网切换方法的步骤。A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for switching an energy storage converter on and off the grid.
本发明有益效果为:本发明通过引入混合同步机制进行预同步调整结合VSG技术控制变流器输出,显著提升了变流器与电网的同步效果,降低了并离网切换时的冲击,基于实时电价、负载需求和储能状态动态调整充放电策略,优化了储能系统的能源分配和经济效益,确保了电力系统的稳定运行。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention significantly improves the synchronization effect between the converter and the power grid by introducing a hybrid synchronization mechanism for pre-synchronization adjustment and combining it with the VSG technology to control the converter output, reduces the impact during on-grid and off-grid switching, and dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, thereby optimizing the energy distribution and economic benefits of the energy storage system and ensuring the stable operation of the power system.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图;In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为储能变流器的并离网切换方法的流程示意图;FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for switching an energy storage converter between a grid and an off-grid;
图2为储能变流器的并离网切换装置的结构示意图。FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-grid and off-grid switching device of an energy storage converter.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细地说明。In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性地与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.
实施例1,参照图1,为本发明第一个实施例,该实施例提供了一种储能变流器的并离网切换方法,储能变流器的并离网切换方法包括:Embodiment 1, referring to FIG. 1 , is a first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for switching between an energy storage converter and an off-grid. The method for switching between an energy storage converter and an off-grid includes:
S1、实时监测电网运行状态,电网运行状态异常时使用混合同步机制进行预同步调整并使用VSG(Virtual Synchronous Generator,虚拟同步发电机)控制变流器输出;S1. Real-time monitoring of the grid operation status. When the grid operation status is abnormal, the hybrid synchronization mechanism is used for pre-synchronization adjustment and VSG (Virtual Synchronous Generator) is used to control the converter output.
具体的,所述实时监测电网运行状态指在电网的主变压器接入点、负载接入点以及储能单元附件部署传感器收集实时电网运行数据,历史电网运行数据并对收集的数据进行预处理;Specifically, the real-time monitoring of the grid operation status refers to deploying sensors at the main transformer access point, load access point and energy storage unit attachment of the grid to collect real-time grid operation data, historical grid operation data and pre-process the collected data;
使用随机森林模型对电网运行数据进行异常检测,使用历史电网运行数据训练随机森林模型并通过RSO(Random Search Optimization,随机搜索优化)算法优化模型参数,将实时电网运行数据输入进优化后的随机森林模型中判断电网的运行状态,若模型输出结果为正常并且储能变流器当前为离网模式,则生成切换指令,准备将储能变流器的模式切换为并网模式,若模型输出结果为异常并且储能变流器当前为并网模式,则生成切换指令,准备将储能变流器的模式切换为离网模式。A random forest model is used to detect anomalies in the power grid operation data. The random forest model is trained using historical power grid operation data and the model parameters are optimized through the RSO (Random Search Optimization) algorithm. The real-time power grid operation data is input into the optimized random forest model to determine the operation status of the power grid. If the model output result is normal and the energy storage inverter is currently in off-grid mode, a switching instruction is generated to prepare to switch the mode of the energy storage inverter to the grid-connected mode. If the model output result is abnormal and the energy storage inverter is currently in the grid-connected mode, a switching instruction is generated to prepare to switch the mode of the energy storage inverter to the off-grid mode.
通过在主变压器接入点、负载接入点及储能单元附近部署传感器,可以实现对电网运行状态的全面监测。实时监测能够在电网出现异常波动时迅速捕捉,并为后续的异常检测提供及时的数据支持。同时,通过多点部署传感器,确保了数据的多样性和准确性,这使得随机森林模型在异常检测时能够基于更全面的信息,减少误报或漏报的可能性,随机森林模型的应用显著提高了电网异常检测的准确性。传统的异常检测方法可能会受限于特定的规则或模型,而随机森林通过集成多个决策树,有效克服了单一模型易受噪声或极端值影响的缺点。其高准确率和鲁棒性使得该模型在电网状态判断中能够快速、准确地识别出异常情况,在降低误报率的同时提升了检测效率,RSO算法的使用有效提高了随机森林模型的分类性能,通过在参数空间中进行随机搜索,RSO算法能够找到最优的超参数组合,使得模型在面对电网运行数据时具有更强的适应性和更高的准确率。By deploying sensors near the main transformer access point, load access point and energy storage unit, comprehensive monitoring of the power grid operation status can be achieved. Real-time monitoring can quickly capture abnormal fluctuations in the power grid and provide timely data support for subsequent anomaly detection. At the same time, by deploying sensors at multiple points, the diversity and accuracy of the data are ensured, which enables the random forest model to be based on more comprehensive information when detecting anomalies, reducing the possibility of false alarms or missed alarms. The application of the random forest model significantly improves the accuracy of power grid anomaly detection. Traditional anomaly detection methods may be limited to specific rules or models, while random forests effectively overcome the shortcomings of a single model being susceptible to noise or extreme values by integrating multiple decision trees. Its high accuracy and robustness enable the model to quickly and accurately identify abnormal situations in power grid status judgment, while reducing the false alarm rate and improving the detection efficiency. The use of the RSO algorithm effectively improves the classification performance of the random forest model. By performing random searches in the parameter space, the RSO algorithm can find the optimal hyperparameter combination, making the model more adaptable and more accurate when facing power grid operation data.
进一步地,所述电网运行状态异常时使用混合同步机制进行预同步调整并使用VSG控制变流器输出,包括:对历史电网运行数据中的频率数据和电压数据进行均值计算得到频率均值和电压均值,使用欧拉公式将相位转换为复数形式并对所有相位复数进行均值计算,从平均复数中提取相位角度,将频率均值、电压均值以及相位角度作为电网参考频率、参考电压以及参考相位;Furthermore, when the grid operation state is abnormal, a hybrid synchronization mechanism is used to perform pre-synchronization adjustment and VSG is used to control the converter output, including: performing mean calculation on the frequency data and voltage data in the historical grid operation data to obtain the frequency mean and voltage mean, using the Euler formula to convert the phase into a complex form and perform mean calculation on all phase complex numbers, extracting the phase angle from the average complex number, and using the frequency mean, voltage mean and phase angle as the grid reference frequency, reference voltage and reference phase;
计算储能变流器当前输出频率和电网参考频率之间的偏差,使用P-V电压降控制策略进行频率的初步同步,P-V电压降控制策略是一种旨在通过调节有功功率(P)和电压(V)之间的关系来控制和减少电压降的策略,调整公式为:Calculate the deviation between the current output frequency of the energy storage converter and the reference frequency of the power grid, and use the P-V voltage drop control strategy to perform preliminary frequency synchronization. The P-V voltage drop control strategy is a strategy designed to control and reduce voltage drop by adjusting the relationship between active power (P) and voltage (V). The adjustment formula is:
; ;
式中,fout(t)是变流器在时间t的输出频率,M是惯性常数,Pref是参考有功功率,基于电网负载需求和变流器的容量设定,P(t)是实际有功功率,fref是电网的参考频率,P(t)在时间t时刻的实际有功功率,通过实时监测变流器的输出功率信号获得,dt是时间的微小增量;Where f out (t) is the output frequency of the converter at time t, M is the inertia constant, Pref is the reference active power, which is set based on the grid load demand and the capacity of the converter, P(t) is the actual active power, f ref is the reference frequency of the grid, P(t) is the actual active power at time t, which is obtained by real-time monitoring of the converter output power signal, and dt is a small increment of time;
在频率同步后,计算储能变流器当前输出电压和电网参考电压之间的偏差,通过双降控制策略进行电压的初步同步,调整公式为:After frequency synchronization, the deviation between the current output voltage of the energy storage converter and the grid reference voltage is calculated, and the voltage is initially synchronized through the double-drop control strategy. The adjustment formula is:
; ;
式中,Vout(t)是变流器在时间t的输出电压,Vref是电网的参考电压,D是阻尼系数,是参考无功功率,基于电网的无功需求和变流器的容量设定,Q是实际无功功率,通过实时监测变流器的无功功率输出信号获得;Where V out (t) is the output voltage of the converter at time t, V ref is the reference voltage of the grid, D is the damping coefficient, is the reference reactive power, which is set based on the reactive power demand of the grid and the capacity of the converter, Q is the actual reactive power, which is obtained by real-time monitoring of the reactive power output signal of the converter;
在电压同步后,计算储能变流器当前输出相位和电网参考相位之间的偏差,通过相位锁定环技术进行相位的初步同步,调整公式为:After voltage synchronization, the deviation between the current output phase of the energy storage converter and the grid reference phase is calculated, and the initial phase synchronization is performed through the phase-locked loop technology. The adjustment formula is:
; ;
式中,Aout(t)是变流器在时间t的输出相位,Aref是电网的参考相位,ka为相位调整增益系数,通过应用控制理论中的PID(比例-积分-微分)控制策略,其中ka可以视为比例增益,对相位误差进行比例调整;Where A out (t) is the output phase of the converter at time t, A ref is the reference phase of the power grid, and ka is the phase adjustment gain coefficient. By applying the PID (proportional-integral-differential) control strategy in control theory, ka can be regarded as a proportional gain to proportionally adjust the phase error.
在完成预同步调整后,使用VSG模拟传统同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性进行精确同步,控制公式为:After completing the pre-synchronization adjustment, VSG is used to simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of the traditional synchronous generator for precise synchronization. The control formula is:
; ;
式中,J(t)是实时惯性系数,J0为初始惯性,为VSG与电网频率的偏差,bJ是阻尼调节系数,用于调整系统对频率偏差的敏感度,通常通过实验数据或模拟确定,cJ是调节系数,用于调整惯性响应的基线,确保在小偏差时系统保持稳定响应;Where J(t) is the real-time inertia coefficient, J0 is the initial inertia, is the deviation between VSG and grid frequency, b J is the damping adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the system's sensitivity to frequency deviation and is usually determined through experimental data or simulation, and c J is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the baseline of the inertial response to ensure that the system maintains a stable response when the deviation is small;
根据频率偏差调整功率输出,同步储能变流器和电网的频率:Adjust power output according to frequency deviation and synchronize the frequency of energy storage converter and grid:
; ;
式中,Pout(t)是实时输出功率,Pref是参考有功功率,根据负载条件决定,Kd为频率下垂系数,根据实验数据确定的一个常数,反映了系统对频率变化的响应程度,具体数值可以通过实验调优确定,为参考频率,是理想状态下电网的运行频率,依据电网的标准频率设定,表示VSG当前的输出频率;Where P out (t) is the real-time output power, Pref is the reference active power, which is determined according to the load conditions, and Kd is the frequency droop coefficient, a constant determined according to experimental data, which reflects the system's response to frequency changes. The specific value can be determined through experimental tuning. The reference frequency is the operating frequency of the power grid under ideal conditions and is set according to the standard frequency of the power grid. Indicates the current output frequency of VSG;
通过Q-V下垂控制调整储能变流器的电压输出,与电网电压进行同步:The voltage output of the energy storage converter is adjusted through Q-V droop control to synchronize with the grid voltage:
其中,Q-V下垂控制是通过调节无功功率(Q)和电压(V)之间的关系,储能变流器能够根据系统需求自动调整其输出电压,从而维持系统电压的稳定性和电能质量;Among them, Q-V droop control is to adjust the relationship between reactive power (Q) and voltage (V). The energy storage converter can automatically adjust its output voltage according to system requirements, thereby maintaining the stability of system voltage and power quality;
; ;
式中,E是变流器在当前时刻t的输出电压,Kq为无功功率下垂系数,通过实验调优确定,为参考电压,在理想状态下电网的运行电压,根据电网的额定电压确定,是参考无功功率,依据负载需求和电网状态设定,Q是变流器的实际无功功率;Where E is the output voltage of the converter at the current time t, Kq is the reactive power droop coefficient, which is determined by experimental tuning. is the reference voltage, the operating voltage of the power grid under ideal conditions, determined according to the rated voltage of the power grid. is the reference reactive power, which is set according to the load demand and grid status, and Q is the actual reactive power of the converter;
在负载变化变大的情况下,动态调整阻尼系数D(t)平滑频率波动,调节公式为:When the load changes, the damping coefficient D(t) is dynamically adjusted to smooth the frequency fluctuation. The adjustment formula is:
; ;
式中,Pmax为最大功率输出,P(t)是在时间t时刻的实际有功功率,KD是阻尼调节系数,通过使用电力系统模拟软件(如MATLAB/Simulink)模拟不同的运行场景,通过模拟可以观察不同KD值对系统稳定性和频率响应的影响找到最优的值作为KD值。Where P max is the maximum power output, P(t) is the actual active power at time t, and K D is the damping adjustment coefficient. By using power system simulation software (such as MATLAB/Simulink) to simulate different operating scenarios, the impact of different K D values on system stability and frequency response can be observed through simulation to find the optimal value as the K D value.
通过对历史电网运行数据中的频率、相位和电压进行均值计算,得出电网的参考值,再与变流器的实时输出进行对比和调整。这一过程不仅能够快速响应电网的波动,确保变流器与电网的频率、相位和电压精确同步,还避免了传统技术中因简单控制策略带来的同步失效问题。VSG技术的引入使得变流器在电网频率波动时能够模拟同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性,大幅提升了系统的动态稳定性和响应速度,尤其在频率剧烈变化时,能够显著减少电网扰动,保障供电质量,在频率同步后,通过双降控制策略进行电压的初步同步,并使用相位锁定环技术进行相位的同步调整。这一组合不仅有效解决了变流器与电网之间的电压和相位不匹配问题,还通过调节参数D和ka,使得系统在同步过程中更为平稳和精准。相比于传统技术中单一的同步控制策略,本发明通过双重调节和锁定技术,显著提高了变流器在不同运行状态下的稳定性和精度,减少了并离网切换时的电压闪变和相位跳动。在负载变化较大的情况下,使用阻尼调节系数KD动态调整阻尼系数D(t),以平滑频率波动,这一技术显著提高了系统应对大幅度负载波动的能力,传统技术中,固定阻尼系数往往无法适应动态变化的负载需求,导致系统在应对大负载波动时容易出现不稳定现象,而通过电力系统模拟软件对KD进行优化,本发明能够根据实际运行情况实时调整阻尼系数,使得系统在大负载波动时仍能保持频率的平稳性和电压的稳定性。By calculating the mean value of the frequency, phase and voltage in the historical power grid operation data, the reference value of the power grid is obtained, and then compared and adjusted with the real-time output of the converter. This process can not only quickly respond to the fluctuation of the power grid, ensure the accurate synchronization of the frequency, phase and voltage of the converter and the power grid, but also avoid the synchronization failure problem caused by the simple control strategy in the traditional technology. The introduction of VSG technology enables the converter to simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of the synchronous generator when the power grid frequency fluctuates, greatly improving the dynamic stability and response speed of the system, especially when the frequency changes drastically, it can significantly reduce the power grid disturbance and ensure the power supply quality. After the frequency is synchronized, the double-drop control strategy is used to perform preliminary voltage synchronization, and the phase is synchronized and adjusted using the phase-locked loop technology. This combination not only effectively solves the problem of voltage and phase mismatch between the converter and the power grid, but also makes the system more stable and accurate during the synchronization process by adjusting the parameters D and k a . Compared with the single synchronization control strategy in the traditional technology, the present invention significantly improves the stability and accuracy of the converter under different operating conditions through dual adjustment and locking technology, and reduces the voltage flicker and phase jump during the switching between the grid and the off-grid. In the case of large load changes, the damping adjustment coefficient KD is used to dynamically adjust the damping coefficient D(t) to smooth frequency fluctuations. This technology significantly improves the system's ability to cope with large load fluctuations. In traditional technologies, fixed damping coefficients are often unable to adapt to dynamically changing load requirements, causing the system to be prone to instability when coping with large load fluctuations. By optimizing KD through power system simulation software, the present invention can adjust the damping coefficient in real time according to actual operating conditions, so that the system can still maintain frequency stability and voltage stability when there are large load fluctuations.
S2、使用传感器确认所有参数调整到离网运行标准后将储能变流器切换至离网模式;S2. Use sensors to confirm that all parameters are adjusted to the off-grid operation standard and then switch the energy storage converter to the off-grid mode;
具体的,所述使用传感器确认所有参数调整到离网运行标准后将PCS(PowerConversion System,电力转换系统)切换至离网模式指依据行业标准和规范设定储能变流器的频率、电压以及相位的误差范围,检测当前储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位与电网的参考频率和电压以及相位之间的匹配度,若储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位都在设定的误差范围内,则将储能变流器切换为离网模式,若储能变流器的输出频率、电压以及相位有未在设定的误差范围内的,则重新进行同步直到全部位于设定的误差范围内再切换为离网模式。Specifically, the use of sensors to confirm that all parameters are adjusted to the off-grid operation standard and then switching the PCS (Power Conversion System) to the off-grid mode refers to setting the error range of the frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter according to industry standards and specifications, detecting the matching degree between the output frequency, voltage and phase of the current energy storage inverter and the reference frequency, voltage and phase of the power grid; if the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter are within the set error range, the energy storage inverter is switched to the off-grid mode; if the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter are not within the set error range, resynchronization is performed until all are within the set error range and then switched to the off-grid mode.
通过使用高精度传感器实时检测储能变流器的输出频率、电压和相位,本发明能够确保在切换至离网模式之前,所有输出参数都已调整到位。通过传感器的精确检测,可以实时捕捉到储能变流器的运行状态,确保在进行模式切换时,系统已经准备充分,能够以最小的风险进行切换,通过行业标准和规范设定储能变流器的频率、电压和相位的误差范围,确保了切换操作的安全性和标准化。这一标准化的设置,不仅使得系统能够与大多数电网环境兼容,还能在不同工况下保证系统的安全运行。设定合理的误差范围,有助于降低系统运行中的不确定性因素,从而提高了整个电力系统的稳定性,这一标准化操作与现有技术中的灵活或随意设置不同,在电网状态可能频繁变化的情况下,使用标准化的误差范围设置可以更好地适应多样化的电网条件,并在电网发生异常时迅速作出调整,避免因为参数超出允许范围而引发的系统故障,如果储能变流器的输出频率、电压和相位有任何一项未能达到设定的误差范围,系统将会重新进行同步操作,直到所有参数均满足要求后再切换至离网模式。这一反复确认的过程,显著提高了系统操作的可靠性和安全性。通过这种精确的控制,本发明能够确保在切换到离网模式时,各项参数均处于最佳状态,从而减少电力中断或设备损坏的风险。By using high-precision sensors to detect the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter in real time, the present invention can ensure that all output parameters are adjusted in place before switching to the off-grid mode. Through the precise detection of the sensor, the operating status of the energy storage inverter can be captured in real time to ensure that when switching modes, the system is fully prepared and can be switched with minimal risk. The error range of the frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter is set through industry standards and specifications to ensure the safety and standardization of the switching operation. This standardized setting not only makes the system compatible with most power grid environments, but also ensures the safe operation of the system under different working conditions. Setting a reasonable error range helps to reduce the uncertainty factors in the operation of the system, thereby improving the stability of the entire power system. This standardized operation is different from the flexible or arbitrary settings in the prior art. In the case where the state of the power grid may change frequently, the use of standardized error range settings can better adapt to the diverse power grid conditions and make rapid adjustments when abnormalities occur in the power grid to avoid system failures caused by parameters exceeding the allowable range. If any of the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage inverter fails to reach the set error range, the system will resynchronize until all parameters meet the requirements before switching to off-grid mode. This repeated confirmation process significantly improves the reliability and safety of system operation. Through this precise control, the present invention can ensure that all parameters are in the best state when switching to off-grid mode, thereby reducing the risk of power outages or equipment damage.
S3、结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略,预测短期内负载变化调整变流器输出并根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源;S3, adjust the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, predict short-term load changes, adjust the converter output and dynamically allocate energy according to the urgency and importance of the load;
具体的,所述结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略指使用负载监测设备(智能电表,负载传感器)实时测量当前的负载需求L(t),通过储能系统的监测设备获取储能变流器当前的储能状态,计算储能状态响应函数:Specifically, the combination of real-time electricity price, load demand and energy storage status to adjust the charging and discharging strategy refers to using load monitoring equipment (smart meter, load sensor) to measure the current load demand L(t) in real time, obtaining the current energy storage state of the energy storage converter through the monitoring equipment of the energy storage system, and calculating the energy storage state response function :
; ;
式中,S(t)是储能变流器当前储能容量,Sref是储能变流器的额定储能容量,δ是响应函数的陡度调节常数,无量纲,反映储能状态响应的敏感度,通过调优试验确定;In the formula, S(t) is the current energy storage capacity of the energy storage converter, S ref is the rated energy storage capacity of the energy storage converter, δ is the steepness adjustment constant of the response function, which is dimensionless and reflects the sensitivity of the energy storage state response, and is determined by tuning tests;
收集实时电价数据,计算电价时间变化函数:Collect real-time electricity price data and calculate the time-varying function of electricity price :
; ;
式中,p0是初始电价,α是电价增长速率常数,反映电价随时间的增长或衰减趋势,通过历史电价数据的拟合分析计算得出,β是电价波动频率常数,反映电价的短期波动频率,通过市场短期波动数据进行频谱分析确定,γ是波动幅度调节常数,控制短期波动幅度的变化速率,通过对电价波动幅度的历史数据进行统计分析计算得出;In the formula, p0 is the initial electricity price, α is the electricity price growth rate constant, which reflects the growth or decay trend of electricity price over time, and is calculated by fitting analysis of historical electricity price data, β is the electricity price fluctuation frequency constant, which reflects the short-term fluctuation frequency of electricity price, and is determined by spectrum analysis of short-term market fluctuation data, γ is the fluctuation amplitude adjustment constant, which controls the rate of change of short-term fluctuation amplitude, and is calculated by statistical analysis of historical data of electricity price fluctuation amplitude;
计算时间周期T内的电价平均值:Calculate the average electricity price within the time period T :
; ;
式中,dt是时间的微小变化量;Where dt is the small change in time;
计算储能变流器的周期性波动项G(t):Calculate the periodic fluctuation term G(t) of the energy storage converter:
; ;
式中,pref是储能变流器的额定输出功率,gref是参考电价,通过历史电价的均值计算得出,ω1是角频率,用于描述功率调节策略中的周期性波动,角频率根据周期性事件的频率计算出来的,它表示系统每秒钟完成多少弧度的周期性波动,φ是初相位,用于描述周期性波动的初始相位,由系统的初始条件或周期性事件的起点决定;In the formula, p ref is the rated output power of the energy storage converter, g ref is the reference electricity price, which is calculated by the average of historical electricity prices, ω 1 is the angular frequency, which is used to describe the periodic fluctuations in the power regulation strategy. The angular frequency is calculated based on the frequency of periodic events. It indicates how many radians of periodic fluctuations the system completes per second. φ is the initial phase, which is used to describe the initial phase of the periodic fluctuations and is determined by the initial conditions of the system or the starting point of the periodic event.
综合构建充放电策略功率的计算公式表示为:The calculation formula for the comprehensive construction of the charging and discharging strategy power is expressed as:
; ;
式中,C(t)是充放电策略功率,表示储能变流器在时间t进行的充电或者放电功率;Where C(t) is the charge and discharge strategy power, which represents the charging or discharging power of the energy storage converter at time t;
根据实时电价和负载需求决定储能变流器的充放电策略,并根据计算得出的C(t)值调整储能变流器的输出功率。The charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage inverter is determined according to the real-time electricity price and load demand, and the output power of the energy storage inverter is adjusted according to the calculated C(t) value.
通过将当前储能容量与额定容量进行比对,并结合响应函数调节常数δ,能够动态地反映储能系统的运行状态。与传统的固定阈值控制方法相比,采用响应函数的方式可以更加精准地调节充放电操作,提高了储能系统的适应性和灵活性,能够根据储能系统的实时状态,及时调整充放电策略,避免过度放电或过度充电的风险,从而延长储能系统的寿命并提高系统的整体效率,通过电价时间变化函数gp(t)对实时电价进行建模和分析,能够有效捕捉电价的增长趋势和波动特性。不仅考虑了电价的长期变化趋势(由α控制),还考虑了电价的短期波动(由β和γ控制)。这种对电价的多维度分析能够帮助储能系统在电价低谷时进行充电,在电价高峰时进行放电,从而最大化经济效益。此外,通过对电价波动的准确预测,可以有效避免因电价波动带来的系统运行风险,确保在市场条件变化时依然能够保持最优的运行策略。周期性波动项G(t)的引入,是为了更好地应对市场或负载的周期性变化,它能够帮助储能系统适应每日或每周的周期性变化,确保在这些变化下仍能维持稳定的供电和充放电操作。通过合理设定角频率ω1和初相位φ,系统能够精准预测并响应这些周期性波动,优化充放电时序,提高系统运行的经济效益和稳定性。通过结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态,利用精确的数学模型和函数计算,显著提升了储能系统的充放电策略的智能化和经济性。By comparing the current energy storage capacity with the rated capacity and combining the response function to adjust the constant δ, the operating status of the energy storage system can be dynamically reflected. Compared with the traditional fixed threshold control method, the response function can more accurately adjust the charging and discharging operations, improve the adaptability and flexibility of the energy storage system, and can timely adjust the charging and discharging strategies according to the real-time status of the energy storage system to avoid the risk of over-discharging or over-charging, thereby extending the life of the energy storage system and improving the overall efficiency of the system. The real-time electricity price is modeled and analyzed through the electricity price time change function gp(t), which can effectively capture the growth trend and fluctuation characteristics of the electricity price. Not only the long-term change trend of the electricity price (controlled by α) but also the short-term fluctuation of the electricity price (controlled by β and γ) are considered. This multi-dimensional analysis of the electricity price can help the energy storage system charge when the electricity price is low and discharge when the electricity price is high, thereby maximizing the economic benefits. In addition, by accurately predicting the fluctuation of electricity prices, the system operation risks caused by the fluctuation of electricity prices can be effectively avoided, ensuring that the optimal operation strategy can be maintained when market conditions change. The introduction of the periodic fluctuation term G(t) is to better cope with the periodic changes in the market or load. It can help the energy storage system adapt to daily or weekly periodic changes and ensure that stable power supply and charging and discharging operations can be maintained under these changes. By reasonably setting the angular frequency ω 1 and the initial phase φ, the system can accurately predict and respond to these periodic fluctuations, optimize the charging and discharging timing, and improve the economic benefits and stability of the system operation. By combining real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, and using precise mathematical models and function calculations, the intelligence and economy of the energy storage system's charging and discharging strategy are significantly improved.
进一步地,所述预测短期内负载变化调整变流器输出并根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源,包括:构建支持向量回归模型,将历史负载数据作为训练集,使用训练集和损失函数进行支持向量回归模型训练,调整支持向量回归模型最小化预测误差;Further, the predicting of load changes in the short term to adjust the converter output and dynamically allocate energy according to the urgency and importance of the load includes: constructing a support vector regression model, using historical load data as a training set, training the support vector regression model using the training set and a loss function, and adjusting the support vector regression model to minimize the prediction error;
将实时负载数据输入支持向量回归模型预测储能变流器的未来负载;The real-time load data is input into the support vector regression model to predict the future load of the energy storage converter;
根据负载的紧急程度和重要性确定优先级,根据该负载的历史停电影响程度以及性质(生命支持系统,数据中心,生产线等)对预测的未来负载进行分类:Prioritize loads based on their urgency and importance, categorize predicted future loads based on historical outage impacts of that load, and the nature of that load (life support systems, data centers, production lines, etc.):
若该负载对系统稳定性和安全性要求高并且不允许中断,则为高优先级;If the load has high requirements on system stability and security and does not allow interruption, it is a high priority;
若该负载允许短时中断的负载,则为中优先级;If the load allows short interruptions, it is medium priority;
若该负载允许在能源紧张时暂时中断,则为低优先级;If the load is allowed to be temporarily interrupted when energy is tight, it is a low priority;
按照优先级别为不同负载分配能源。Allocate energy to different loads according to priority.
使用SVR(Support Vector Regression,支持向量回归)模型来预测短期内的负载变化有效解决了负载变化中的复杂非线性问题,使得预测结果更加准确。尤其是在电网负载受多重因素影响的情况下,SVR模型能够更好地捕捉这些复杂关系,从而提供更可靠的负载预测结果。这直接改善了变流器的输出调整策略,确保系统能够根据准确的负载预测来合理分配电力资源。根据负载的历史停电影响以及其本质特征(如生命支持系统、数据中心、生产线等)进行分类,并设定优先级。使系统能够在能源紧张时优先保证关键负载的稳定运行,从而提升了系统的可靠性和安全性。例如,对于生命支持系统这样的高优先级负载,即使在电力资源紧张的情况下,也能够得到优先保障,从而避免因供电中断引发的严重后果。Using the SVR (Support Vector Regression) model to predict short-term load changes effectively solves the complex nonlinear problems in load changes, making the prediction results more accurate. Especially when the grid load is affected by multiple factors, the SVR model can better capture these complex relationships, thereby providing more reliable load prediction results. This directly improves the output adjustment strategy of the converter, ensuring that the system can reasonably allocate power resources based on accurate load predictions. Classify and prioritize the loads based on their historical power outage impacts and their essential characteristics (such as life support systems, data centers, production lines, etc.). Enable the system to prioritize the stable operation of critical loads when energy is tight, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the system. For example, for high-priority loads such as life support systems, even when power resources are tight, they can be given priority protection, thereby avoiding serious consequences caused by power outages.
S4、在电网恢复正常后生成切换指令,将储能变流器切换回并网模式;S4, after the power grid returns to normal, a switching instruction is generated to switch the energy storage converter back to the grid-connected mode;
具体的,所述在电网恢复正常后生成切换指令,将储能变流器切换回并网模式指实时监测电网的运行状态的稳定性,在确认电网参数在稳定范围内后,再次混合同步机制进行预同步,匹配储能变流器的输出和电网参数,在所有参数匹配后生成切换信号,逐步增加与电网的功率交换并同步控制电压和频率的微调将储能变流器切换至并网模式。Specifically, generating a switching command after the power grid returns to normal and switching the energy storage inverter back to the grid-connected mode refers to real-time monitoring of the stability of the operating status of the power grid, and after confirming that the grid parameters are within a stable range, pre-synchronizing the mixed synchronization mechanism again to match the output of the energy storage inverter and the grid parameters, generating a switching signal after all parameters are matched, gradually increasing the power exchange with the power grid and synchronously controlling the fine-tuning of the voltage and frequency to switch the energy storage inverter to the grid-connected mode.
通过实时监测电网的频率、电压和相位等关键参数,系统能够动态跟踪电网状态的变化。相比于传统方法,该步骤不仅能在电网恢复后提供即时的状态反馈,还能在切换过程中对可能的异常波动做出迅速响应,从而避免潜在的系统不稳定风险。这种实时监测和确认的过程确保了系统在最合适的时机进行并网操作,提升了整体电网的稳定性。通过混合同步机制,系统能够在并网前对储能变流器的输出频率、电压和相位进行精确调整,使之与电网参数高度匹配。此步骤不仅减少了并网瞬间的电流冲击和电压波动,还显著提升了并网操作的平滑度和可靠性。相比于现有技术中较为单一的同步方法,混合同步机制能够综合考虑多项电网参数的匹配,大大降低了并网操作对电网造成的冲击。通过逐步增加功率交换,允许电网和储能变流器在一个可控的过程内逐步适应新的功率负荷,减少了对电网的瞬时冲击。此外,通过在功率交换的过程中同步控制电压和频率的微调,可以进一步优化并网过程中的参数匹配,确保在整个过程中电网和储能变流器都能保持稳定运行。By real-time monitoring of key parameters of the grid, such as frequency, voltage and phase, the system can dynamically track changes in the state of the grid. Compared with traditional methods, this step can not only provide immediate status feedback after the grid is restored, but also respond quickly to possible abnormal fluctuations during the switching process, thereby avoiding potential risks of system instability. This real-time monitoring and confirmation process ensures that the system is connected to the grid at the most appropriate time, improving the stability of the overall grid. Through the hybrid synchronization mechanism, the system can accurately adjust the output frequency, voltage and phase of the energy storage converter before grid connection to make it highly matched with the grid parameters. This step not only reduces the current shock and voltage fluctuation at the moment of grid connection, but also significantly improves the smoothness and reliability of grid connection operation. Compared with the relatively single synchronization method in the prior art, the hybrid synchronization mechanism can comprehensively consider the matching of multiple grid parameters, greatly reducing the impact of grid connection operation on the grid. By gradually increasing power exchange, the grid and energy storage converter are allowed to gradually adapt to the new power load in a controllable process, reducing the instantaneous impact on the grid. In addition, by synchronously controlling the fine-tuning of voltage and frequency during the power exchange process, the parameter matching during the grid connection process can be further optimized to ensure that the power grid and energy storage converter can maintain stable operation throughout the process.
实施例2,参照图2,为本发明第二个实施例,该实施例不同于上一个实施例,提供了一种储能变流器的并离网切换装置,其包括:Embodiment 2, referring to FIG. 2 , is a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the previous embodiment and provides a grid-connected and off-grid switching device for an energy storage converter, which includes:
异常检测模块,用于收集电网运行数据进行异常检测,识别电网的异常状态;Anomaly detection module, used to collect grid operation data for anomaly detection and identify abnormal status of the grid;
切换控制模块,用于根据传感器确认储能变流器所有参数与电网参数的匹配状态,控制储能变流器切换至对应的模式;A switching control module is used to confirm the matching status of all parameters of the energy storage converter and the grid parameters according to the sensor, and control the energy storage converter to switch to the corresponding mode;
同步控制模块,用于使用P-V电压降控制策略和双降控制策略进行初步同步后使用VSG模拟传统同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性进行精确同步;A synchronous control module is used to perform preliminary synchronization using the P-V voltage drop control strategy and the double drop control strategy, and then perform precise synchronization using the VSG to simulate the inertia and damping characteristics of the traditional synchronous generator;
能源管理模块,用于结合实时电价、负载需求和储能状态调整充放电策略并预测储能变流器短期内负载变化调整变流器输出根据负载的紧急程度和重要性动态分配能源。The energy management module is used to adjust the charging and discharging strategy based on real-time electricity prices, load demand and energy storage status, and predict the short-term load changes of the energy storage converter to adjust the converter output and dynamically allocate energy according to the urgency and importance of the load.
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤,例如,可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表,可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中,以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用,或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言,“计算机可读介质”可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。The logic and/or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.
计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下:具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电子装置)、便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)、光纤装置以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外,计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质,因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描,接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序,然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering or, if necessary, processing in another suitable manner, and then stored in a computer memory.
应当理解,本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方案中,多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如,如果用硬件来实现,和在另一实施方案中一样,可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现:具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路,具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路,可编程门阵列(PGA),现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit with a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit with a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
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