CN118760327B - Ultra-low voltage stabilizing circuit and method, and control module - Google Patents
Ultra-low voltage stabilizing circuit and method, and control module Download PDFInfo
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- CN118760327B CN118760327B CN202411253419.8A CN202411253419A CN118760327B CN 118760327 B CN118760327 B CN 118760327B CN 202411253419 A CN202411253419 A CN 202411253419A CN 118760327 B CN118760327 B CN 118760327B
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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Abstract
本申请涉及稳压电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种特低压稳压电路及方法、控制模块。特低压稳压电路包括：电压输出节点，其用于输出第一电压；控制模块，其基于用户的操作指令而控制所述第一电压，所述操作指令中携带有所述第一电压的目标值；稳压模块，其用于泄放作用到所述电压输出节点的漏电压，并包括第一泄放电阻和开关晶体管，所述第一泄放电阻和所述开关晶体管串联于所述电压输出节点与接地电位之间；其中，所述控制模块被配置为响应于所述目标值小于设定阈值，控制所述开关晶体管导通，响应于所述目标值大于所述设定阈值，控制所述开关晶体管断开。
The present application relates to the technical field of voltage stabilizing circuits, and in particular to an ultra-low voltage stabilizing circuit, method, and control module. The ultra-low voltage stabilizing circuit includes: a voltage output node, which is used to output a first voltage; a control module, which controls the first voltage based on a user's operation instruction, and the operation instruction carries a target value of the first voltage; a voltage stabilizing module, which is used to discharge the leakage voltage acting on the voltage output node, and includes a first discharge resistor and a switching transistor, the first discharge resistor and the switching transistor are connected in series between the voltage output node and the ground potential; wherein the control module is configured to control the switching transistor to turn on in response to the target value being less than a set threshold, and to control the switching transistor to turn off in response to the target value being greater than the set threshold.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of voltage stabilizing circuits, in particular to an extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit, an extra-low voltage stabilizing method and a control module.
Background
In the prior art, a low dropout regulator (Low Dropout Regulator, LDO) or a switching power supply is generally adopted to realize low-voltage output. However, in this conventional manner, the voltage stability thereof is poor at the time of low voltage output due to the inherent presence of the drain voltage. In particular, it is difficult for this conventional method to stably output an extremely low voltage of 50mV or less.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit, a method and a control module.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit, comprising:
A voltage output node for outputting a first voltage;
A control module that controls the first voltage based on an operation instruction of a user, wherein the operation instruction carries a target value of the first voltage;
the voltage stabilizing module is used for discharging the drain voltage applied to the voltage output node and comprises a first discharging resistor and a switching transistor, and the first discharging resistor and the switching transistor are connected in series between the voltage output node and the ground potential;
wherein the control module is configured to control the switching transistor to be turned on in response to the target value being smaller than a set threshold value, and to control the switching transistor to be turned off in response to the target value being larger than the set threshold value.
In some possible implementations, the control module is configured to control the switching transistor to be pulsed on in response to the target value being less than a set threshold.
In some possible embodiments, the method further comprises:
The input end of the voltage acquisition module is connected with the voltage output node, the output end of the voltage acquisition module is connected with the control module so as to transmit acquisition voltage to the control module, and the acquisition voltage is positively correlated with the voltage of the input end of the voltage acquisition module;
Wherein, the controlling the first voltage based on the operation instruction of the user specifically includes:
providing a control voltage based on an operation instruction of a user, and controlling the first voltage by causing the control voltage to act on the circuit;
Wherein the control module is further configured to adjust the control voltage based on the acquisition voltage.
In some possible embodiments, the voltage stabilizing module comprises a first operational amplifier, wherein the first operational amplifier is provided with a first negative input end connected with the voltage acquisition module, a first positive input end connected with the control module and a first output end connected with the grid electrode of the switching transistor, and the first output end is configured to output a first high-level signal in response to the voltage of the first positive input end being higher than the voltage of the first negative input end and output a first low-level signal in response to the voltage of the first positive input end being lower than the voltage of the first negative input end;
The switching transistor is configured to be turned on in response to the first high level signal and turned off in response to the first low level signal;
The control module is configured to provide a trigger voltage to the first positive input to turn on the switching transistor in response to the target value being less than the set threshold value, and not to provide a trigger voltage to the first positive input to turn off the switching transistor in response to the target value being greater than the set threshold value.
In some possible implementations, the control module is configured to pulse the trigger voltage to the first positive input to pulse the switching transistor on in response to the target value being less than the set threshold.
In some possible embodiments, the voltage stabilizing module further includes a second bleeder resistor connected in series between the voltage output node and a ground potential, the second bleeder resistor having a resistance value greater than the first bleeder resistor.
In some possible embodiments, the method further comprises:
A voltage source configured to output an initial voltage of adjustable magnitude based on control of the control module;
a step-down module having an input terminal connected to an output terminal of the voltage source, an output terminal connected to the voltage output node at the same potential, and configured to step-down the initial voltage based on control of the control module, thereby outputting the first voltage smaller than the initial voltage from the output terminal of the step-down module;
A voltage regulating module including a second operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor, the first resistor and the second resistor being connected in series between an output terminal of the voltage reducing module and a ground potential, one end of the third resistor being connected between the first resistor and the second resistor, the other end being connected to the control module to acquire the control voltage from the control module, the second operational amplifier having a second positive input terminal receiving a reference voltage, a second negative input terminal connected between the first resistor and the second resistor, a second output terminal connected to the control module, and the second output terminal being configured to output a second high level signal in response to a voltage of the second positive input terminal being higher than a voltage of the second negative input terminal, and to output a second low level signal in response to a voltage of the second positive input terminal being lower than a voltage of the second negative input terminal;
Wherein the control module is configured to:
controlling the voltage source to increase the initial voltage in response to the second high-level signal, and/or controlling the voltage reduction module to reduce the voltage reduction amplitude of the initial voltage;
The voltage source is controlled to reduce the initial voltage in response to the second low-level signal, and/or the voltage reducing module is controlled to increase the voltage reducing amplitude of the initial voltage.
In some possible implementations, the buck module includes a switching device, a capacitor, an inductor, and a freewheeling diode;
the switching device and the inductor are connected in series between the input end and the output end of the voltage reduction module, and the control module is connected to the control end of the switching device so as to control the conduction frequency and the duty ratio of the switching device;
The freewheeling diode is connected between the upstream end of the inductor and a ground potential, and the anode of the freewheeling diode faces the ground potential;
The capacitor is connected between the downstream end of the inductor and ground potential;
The voltage acquisition module comprises a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor which are connected in series between the voltage output node and the ground potential, and the output end of the voltage acquisition module is led out from between the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor.
In a second aspect, an extra low voltage stabilizing method is provided, which is applied to the circuit according to the first aspect, and the method includes:
the control module receives the operation instruction of the user;
if the target value is smaller than the set threshold value, the control module provides a trigger voltage to the first positive input end so as to enable the switching transistor to be conducted;
If the target value is greater than the set threshold value, the control module does not provide a trigger voltage to the first positive input end so that the switching transistor is kept to be disconnected;
The control module determining a control voltage based on the target value;
The control module provides the control voltage to the third resistor.
In a third aspect, a control module is proposed, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program which, when run on the processor, causes the control module to perform the method according to the second aspect.
According to the extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit provided by the application, the drain voltage applied to the voltage output node can be automatically and rapidly released when the circuit works in a mode of outputting extra-low voltage, so that the temperature of extra-low voltage output on the voltage output node is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following brief description of the drawings of the embodiments will make it apparent that the drawings in the following description relate only to some embodiments of the present application and are not limiting of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an extra-low voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, in which a dashed box without reference numerals indicates other parts than the illustrated part of the circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an extra-low voltage regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, in which a dashed box without reference numerals indicates other parts than the illustrated part of the circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an extra-low voltage stabilizing method according to an embodiment of the application.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an extra-low voltage stabilizing method according to an embodiment of the application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10-voltage output nodes, 20-voltage stabilizing modules, 30-voltage acquisition modules, 40-voltage regulating modules and 50-voltage reducing modules;
R1-first resistor, R2-second resistor, R3-third resistor, R4-fourth resistor, R5-fifth resistor, R6-first bleeder resistor, R7-second bleeder resistor;
U1B-a first operational amplifier, P1-a first positive input end, P2-a first negative input end, P3-a first output end;
U2B-a second operational amplifier, P4-a second positive input terminal, P5-a second negative input terminal, P6-a second output terminal;
q1-a switching transistor;
s1-switching device, D1-freewheeling diode, L1-inductor, C1-capacitor;
VOUT-first voltage, VIN-initial voltage, VMCU-control voltage, vm-collection voltage, vt-trigger voltage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present application. It is to be understood that some of the technical means of the various embodiments described herein may be interchanged or combined without conflict.
In the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used merely to distinguish between the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. Thus, an object defining "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such objects. Also, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one, and "a plurality" of "are used to indicate no less than two.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise.
Fig. 1 to 3 show an extra low voltage regulator circuit (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as the circuit) according to some embodiments of the present application, which is capable of outputting an extra low voltage of 50mV or less and a relatively high voltage of more than 50mV, for example, 2V or 3V. Also, in the respective drawings of fig. 1 to 3, the same or similar reference numerals are given to the same or similar members thereof, and repetitive detailed description of the same portions thereof is omitted.
Referring first to fig. 1, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the circuit includes a voltage output node 10, a control module, and a voltage regulator module 20.
The voltage output node 10 is used to output a first voltage VOUT, which may be as low as 50mV or less (very low voltage near 0V).
The control module may control the first voltage VOUT based on an operation command of a user, where the operation command carries a target value of the first voltage VOUT. Illustratively, a user (e.g., an operator of a semiconductor inspection device) may input a target value, e.g., 40mV or 2V, of the first voltage VOUT that he desires the voltage output node 10 of the circuit to output via a mouse and keyboard coupled to the control module, and when the control module receives the operation instruction from the user, the circuit may be relatedly configured according to the target value so that the voltage output node 10 outputs the first voltage VOUT at the target value.
In practical applications, there may be a drain voltage in the circuit, and if the drain voltage is applied to the voltage output node 10, the actual voltage on the voltage output node 10 deviates from the required first voltage VOUT, and especially if the first voltage VOUT is an extremely low voltage of 50mV or less, the aforementioned voltage deviation problem will be more remarkable. For example, in an application example in which the circuit is applied to a semiconductor test apparatus, based on the control of the control module, the circuit is to continuously and stably output the first voltage VOUT of 40mV to the semiconductor device under test via its voltage output node 10, however, at a certain time, since a drain voltage is applied to the voltage output node 10, resulting in an actual voltage of the voltage output node 10at that time being as high as 1.8V, the aforementioned semiconductor device under test may burn out because the actual voltage it receives is much higher than the rated voltage required for its normal operation.
Advantageously, the aforementioned voltage regulator module 20 configured with this circuit is capable of bleeding off the drain voltage applied to the voltage output node 10, thereby avoiding the aforementioned problems.
Specifically, the voltage stabilizing module 20 includes a first bleeder resistor R6 and a switching transistor Q1, and the first bleeder resistor R6 and the switching transistor Q1 are connected in series between the voltage output node 10 and the ground potential. And the control module is configured to control the switching transistor Q1 to be turned on in response to the aforementioned target value being smaller than a set threshold value, and to control the switching transistor Q1 to be turned off in response to the target value being larger than the set threshold value.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned set threshold is 50mV. Thus, when the target value set by the user is smaller than the set threshold value, it is explained that the circuit is currently operating in the extra low voltage mode, and therefore, the drain voltage applied to the voltage output node 10 is likely to far exceed (in terms of numerical magnification) the current first voltage VOUT, thereby causing the actual output voltage of the voltage output node 10 to deviate seriously from the desired target value, which is likely to cause an electrical failure of the power consumption object (e.g., the aforementioned semiconductor device under test) supplied with power by the voltage output node 10. Fortunately, in case the target value is smaller than the set threshold value, the control module automatically controls the switching transistor Q1 to be turned on, so that the drain voltage applied to the voltage output node 10 is discharged to the ground in a current manner via the first discharging resistor R6, and thus the first voltage VOUT outputted by the voltage output node 10 becomes a stable target value voltage, for example 40mV.
In some cases, a circuit failure may occur, resulting in a situation in which, even if the control module configures the circuit in relation to the target value of the first voltage VOUT in the control command, the first voltage VOUT provided by the voltage output node 10 is significantly higher than the target value due to a hardware failure, and if the control module controls the switching transistor Q1 to be continuously turned on for a long time in this case, the fault high voltage provided on the voltage output node 10 is continuously applied to the bleed path formed by the first bleed resistor R6 and the switching transistor Q1, resulting in a large current continuously flowing through the first bleed resistor R6 for a long time, thereby causing the first bleed resistor R6 to heat up severely or even burn out (or causing nearby devices to be burned out). For such reasons, to reduce the likelihood of the associated device being burned out, in some embodiments the control module is more specifically configured to control the switching transistor Q1 to be pulsed on (rather than to be continuously on for a long time) in response to the target value being greater than a set threshold. For example, in the case where the target value is greater than the set threshold, the control module controls the switching transistor Q1 to be turned on immediately after a short time, and controls the switching transistor Q1 to be turned off immediately after a certain period of time, so as to be turned on and off periodically at the set frequency. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that, in general, even if the switching transistor Q1 is turned on for a short period of time, it is sufficient to bleed off the drain voltage on the circuit.
In addition, the voltage stabilizing module 20 further includes a second bleeder resistor R7 connected in series between the voltage output node 10 and the ground potential, and the resistance of the second bleeder resistor R7 is much greater than that of the first bleeder resistor R6, for example, the resistance of the second bleeder resistor R7 may be hundreds of times that of the first bleeder resistor R6. Thus, the voltage stabilizing module 20 has two bleed paths for bleeding off the drain voltage, one of which (the first bleed path) is via the first bleed resistor R6 and the other of which (the second bleed path) is via the second bleed resistor R7. Since the resistance of the first bleeder resistor R6 is smaller than that of the second bleeder resistor R7, the bleeder speed of the first bleeder path is faster than that of the second bleeder path, but under the same drain voltage, the first bleeder resistor R6 is more prone to heat than the second bleeder resistor R7.
The control module may be an MCU (Microcontroller Unit micro control unit).
Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the circuit may further include a voltage acquisition module 30, an input terminal of the voltage acquisition module 30 is connected to the voltage output node 10, and an output terminal of the voltage acquisition module 30 is connected to the control module to transmit an acquisition voltage Vm to the control module, where the acquisition voltage Vm is positively correlated with the voltage of the input terminal of the voltage acquisition module 30. It is apparent that the value of the collection voltage Vm can reflect the voltage value of the input of the voltage collection module 30 (also the voltage value of the voltage output node 10).
The control module may control the first voltage VOUT based on a user operation command, and may specifically include the control module providing a control voltage VMCU based on the user operation command, and controlling the first voltage VOUT by causing the control voltage VMCU to act on the circuit. Furthermore, the control module is configured to adjust the control voltage VMCU based on the aforementioned acquisition voltage Vm.
In this way, the control module can determine the actual voltage of the current voltage output node 10 according to the collected voltage Vm provided by the voltage collecting module 30, and when the actual voltage is inconsistent with the ideal first voltage VOUT (i.e. the target value) (this may happen due to the influence of other factors such as the internal resistance of the line), the control module adjusts the magnitude of the control voltage VMCU accordingly. For example, when the actual voltage value of the voltage output node 10 is large, the control module increases the control voltage VMCU, and when the actual voltage value of the voltage output node 10 is small, the control module decreases the control voltage VMCU until the actual voltage value is adjusted to coincide with the target value (within the allowable error range).
The voltage acquisition module 30 comprises a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5 which are connected in series between the voltage output node 10 and the ground potential, and the output end of the voltage acquisition module 30 is led out from between the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5. In the present embodiment, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 constitute a voltage dividing circuit, and the fifth resistor R5 may be a resistor having a higher resistance than the aforementioned second bleeder resistor R7.
As shown in fig. 2, the voltage stabilizing module 20 may include a first operational amplifier U1B, where the first operational amplifier U1B has a first negative input terminal P2 connected to the voltage collecting module 30, a first positive input terminal P1 connected to the control module, and a first output terminal P3 connected to the gate of the switching transistor Q1. The first output terminal P3 is configured to output a first high level signal in response to the voltage of the first positive input terminal P1 being higher than the voltage of the first negative input terminal P2, and to output a low level signal in response to the voltage of the first positive input terminal P1 being lower than the voltage of the first negative input terminal P2.
And, the switching transistor Q1 is configured to be turned on in response to the aforementioned first high-level signal and turned off in response to the aforementioned first low-level signal. Further, the control module is configured to supply the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 to turn on the switching transistor Q1 in response to the target value being smaller than a set threshold value, and not to supply the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 to turn off the switching transistor Q1 in response to the target value being larger than the set threshold value.
More specifically, the control module may be configured to pulse the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input P1 in response to the target value being less than the set threshold, thereby pulsing the switching transistor Q1 on.
The trigger voltage Vt provided by the control module may correspond to a typical drain voltage of the voltage output node 10 operating in an extra low voltage mode. For example, when the normal drain voltage is 1.5V at the time of ultra-low voltage output, the trigger voltage Vt can be set to be 1.5V, and the resistance value of the first bleeder resistor R6 can be configured so as not to generate heat severely when the drain voltage of 1.5V is discharged, and the resistance value cannot be too large to influence the discharging speed of the drain voltage. Such a design has at least the following benefits:
1. In the extra low voltage output mode, if the drain voltage accidentally exceeds 1.5V and reaches 2.5V, the first output terminal P3 of the first comparator outputs a low level signal because the voltage of the first positive input terminal P1 is lower than the voltage of the first negative input terminal P2 thereof, so that the switching transistor is kept in an off state, and therefore, the first voltage release resistor with low resistance does not have a large current flowing therethrough to generate heat severely, so as to avoid burning out related devices, and in addition, the drain voltage accidentally reaching 2.5V is released relatively slowly via the second voltage release resistor R7 with high resistance until the drain voltage is released to 1.5V, the switching transistor is immediately turned on (such as in a pulse manner), so that the remaining drain voltage is released rapidly.
2. In the extra low voltage output mode, if the circuit fails to cause the first voltage VOUT actually provided by the voltage output node 10 to be significantly higher than the target value below 50mV, for example, the actual value of the first voltage VOUT reaches 3V, the first output terminal P3 of the first comparator outputs a low level signal because the voltage of the first positive input terminal P1 is lower than the voltage of the first negative input terminal P2 thereof, so that the switching transistor is kept in an off state, and therefore, the first voltage release resistor with a low resistance does not have a large current to flow and generate heat severely, thereby avoiding burning related devices.
Referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the circuit further includes a voltage source, a voltage step-down module 50, and a voltage regulation module 40.
The voltage source is configured to output an initial voltage VIN with an adjustable magnitude based on control of the control module.
The voltage step-down module 50 has an input connected to the output of the voltage source and an output connected to the voltage output node 10 at the same potential as the voltage output node 10, so that the voltage output node 10 can also be regarded as the output of the voltage step-down module 50 in a sense. And, the voltage step-down module 50 is configured to step-down the initial voltage VIN provided by the voltage source based on the control of the control module, so as to output the aforementioned first voltage VOUT smaller than the initial voltage VIN from the output terminal of the voltage step-down module 50.
In detail, the step-down module 50 includes a switching device S1, a flywheel diode D1, a capacitor C1, and an inductor L1. The switching device S1 and the inductor L1 are connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal of the buck module 50, and the control module is connected to the control terminal of the switching device S1 for controlling the on frequency and the duty cycle of the switching device S1. The flywheel diode D1 is connected between the upstream end of the inductor L1 and the ground potential, and the positive electrode of the flywheel diode D1 is directed to the ground potential. The capacitor C1 is connected between the downstream end of the inductor L1 and the ground potential. In addition, the switching device S1 may be a transistor.
For the buck module 50, the relationship between its input voltage and its output voltage is:
VOUT=VIN*D (1)
in equation (1), VIN is the input voltage of the buck module 50, which is equal to the initial voltage provided by the voltage source, VOUT is the output voltage of the buck module 50, which is equal to the first voltage of the voltage output node 10, and D is the duty cycle of the switching transistor device.
As can be seen from the formula (1), the magnitude of the output voltage VOUT, i.e., the magnitude of the first voltage, can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of VIN and the magnitude of D.
D=TON/T (2)
T=1/F (3)
Wherein T is a switching period of the switching device S1, TON is a conducting period of the switching device S1 in one period, and F is a conducting frequency (or referred to as a switching frequency) of the switching device S1.
From formulas (2) and (3), d=ton×f;
And (2) the formula (1) is combined to obtain:
VOUT=VIN*TON*F (4)
As can be seen from equation (4), if VOUT is desired to be within 50mV, then at least one of VIN, TON, F needs to be close to 0. However, VIN is supplied by a voltage source with a minimum voltage limit, such as a minimum of 3V, and its magnitude is generally determined by the minimum operating voltage of the circuit components. F is the switching frequency of the switching device S1 and cannot be approximated to 0, otherwise, the inductor L1 will be abnormal in operation. Since VIN and F cannot be too small, it can be derived from equation (4) that only D is close to 0, VIN and F are as small as possible, and VOUT is close to 0V (e.g., 40 mV) output.
TON has a minimum limit that cannot be infinitely small because switching device S1 has a minimum rise on time. Inductor L1 also has a minimum operating frequency limit. The best way to achieve VOUT close to 0 is for VIN, TON and F to all reach as small a value as possible, and in particular, the parameter F should be as slightly larger as possible to suppress ripple of the first voltage VOUT. The specific reference to F may be determined based on the magnitude of the ripple voltage detected by the control module.
In addition, it will be appreciated that when VIN, TON and F are all set to the maximum value that can be reached, the first voltage VOUT reaches the maximum value, and thus the voltage output node 10 of the circuit is also capable of outputting a larger first voltage VOUT.
The control module may adjust TON and F by applying a control signal to the control terminal of the switching tube device, and the control module may adjust VIN by applying a control signal to the voltage source. Before the adjustment, the rise time tr and the on time td (on) of the switching device S1 are determined, and when an extra low voltage output close to 0V is required, TON minimum time may be r+td (on).
To facilitate the reader's understanding of the present technology, the following are illustrated (each calculated value and example value described below may be approximate):
illustratively, the input voltage vin=3v-12V, the desired output voltage vout=50mv=0.05v, tr=10ns, td (on) =8ns.
The value vin=3v, 3×d=0.05, d=0.05/3=0.0167, according to vin×d=vout.
D=TON*F=0.0167,TON=tr+td(on)=10+8=18nS。
Considering the effect of frequency on the core, ton=300 ns=0.3 uS can be taken, then:
F=0.0167/0.3=55KHz (5)
The checking and calculating are carried out, VIN x TON x f=3 x 0.3 x 55/1000= 0.0495 v=50 mV.
From the formula (5), the control module can also properly adjust the TON time according to the size of F, so that the whole circuit system has highest efficiency and lower heating.
Alternatively, ton=3us can be taken, so that f=5.5k is chosen according to ripple and efficiency. If the ripple voltage is found to be larger, then F can be increased, and TON and VIN can be reduced. When the control module adjusts the parameters, the fluctuation rate of each time can be controlled within 20% of the current parameters, and the theoretical rated values are compared in sequence, and the control module is regulated circularly and dynamically until the required efficiency, ripple and voltage are met.
The voltage regulating module 40 includes a second operational amplifier U2B, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series between the output terminal of the voltage step-down module 50 and the ground potential, that is, between the voltage output node 10 and the ground potential. One end of the third resistor R3 is connected between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the other end is connected to the control module, so as to obtain the control voltage VMCU from the control module. The second operational amplifier U2B has a second positive input terminal P4 for receiving a reference voltage, a second negative input terminal P5 connected between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and a second output terminal P6 connected to the control module, and the reference voltage may be provided by the control module, and the magnitude of the reference voltage is controlled by the control module. In addition, the second output terminal P6 of the second operational amplifier U2B is configured to output a second high level signal in response to the voltage of the second positive input terminal P4 being higher than the voltage of the second negative input terminal P5, and to output a second low level signal in response to the voltage of the second positive input terminal P4 being lower than the voltage of the second negative input terminal P5.
Furthermore, the control module is further configured to:
Controlling the voltage VMCU source to increase the initial voltage VIN in response to the aforementioned second high-level signal and/or controlling the voltage step-down module 50 to decrease the step-down amplitude of the initial voltage VIN;
the control voltage VMCU source regulates down the initial voltage VIN in response to the second low level signal and/or controls the buck module 50 to increase the buck amplitude of the initial voltage VIN.
Illustratively, the control module controls the voltage VMCU source to regulate the initial voltage VIN and controls the voltage reducing module 50 to reduce the voltage reducing amplitude of the initial voltage VIN under the action of the second high-level signal, and controls the voltage VMCU source to regulate the initial voltage VIN and controls the voltage reducing module 50 to increase the voltage reducing amplitude of the initial voltage VIN under the action of the second high-low level signal.
In this way, the control module may change the magnitude of the first voltage VOUT on the voltage output node 10 based on the adjustment of the control voltage VMCU and the reference voltage with the resistances of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 fixed. In the case where the control voltage VMCU and the reference voltage are set to respective values, the high level signal or the low level signal output by the second op-amp continuously acts on the control module, so that the control module controls the voltage VMCU source and/or the step-down module 50 to perform corresponding processing, so that the voltage on the voltage output node 10 reaches the target value given by the user.
In detail, according to KCL law (kirchhoff current law), the following relation can be obtained:
(6)
According to the relation (6), the control module can realize the change of the first voltage VOUT by adjusting the value of the reference voltage or the control voltage VMCUVMCU. The control voltage VMCU is unchanged, the first voltage VOUT follows low when the reference voltage is regulated down, the first voltage VOUT is positively correlated with the reference voltage, the reference voltage is unchanged, the first voltage VOUT becomes low when the control voltage VMCU is regulated up, and the first voltage VOUT is negatively correlated with the control voltage VMCU.
Based on the above discussion, it is known that the control module can obtain the desired first voltage VOUT by adjusting the control voltage VMCU, i.e. the control module can control the first voltage VOUT by providing the control voltage VMCU, on the one hand, and can also obtain the desired first voltage VOUT by adjusting the reference voltage, i.e. the control module can also control the first voltage VOUT by providing the reference voltage, on the other hand.
In some embodiments, the reference voltage is preset and fixed, and the control module only automatically adjusts the magnitude of the control voltage VMCU according to the target value of the first voltage VOUT set by the user, but does not automatically adjust the value of the reference voltage. If the reference voltage is desired to be changed, a user is required to independently input an operation instruction for adjusting the reference voltage to the control module.
In other embodiments, the control module automatically adjusts the magnitude of the control voltage VMCU based on both the target value of the first voltage VOUT set by the user and the magnitude of the reference voltage based on the target value.
In still other embodiments, the control voltage VMCU is preset and fixed, and the control module only automatically adjusts the magnitude of the reference voltage according to the target value of the first voltage VOUT set by the user, but does not automatically adjust the value of the control voltage VMCU. If it is desired to change the control voltage VMCU, the user is required to separately input an operation instruction for adjusting the magnitude of the control voltage VMCU to the control module.
Based on the above description, referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application further provides an extra-low voltage stabilizing method, which can be applied to the extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit shown in any one of fig. 1 to 3, and includes:
s401, the control module receives an operation instruction of a user, wherein the operation instruction carries a target value of the first voltage VOUT.
Illustratively, a user (e.g., an operator of a semiconductor inspection device) may input a first voltage VOUT, e.g., 40mV or 2V, that he or she desires to output at the voltage output node 10 of the circuit, via a keyboard coupled to the control module, and press a confirmation key to complete the issuing of the operation instruction.
S402, if the target value is smaller than the set threshold, the control module provides the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 of the first operational amplifier U1B to turn on the switching transistor Q1.
If the target value is greater than the set threshold, the control module does not provide the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 to keep the switching transistor Q1 turned off S403.
S404, the control module determines the control voltage VMCU based on the target value.
After the user issues the foregoing operation instruction carrying the target value of the first voltage VOUT, the control module may determine the required control voltage VMCU based on the foregoing relational expression (6), and the reference voltage in the expression (6) may be a preset known value.
S205, the control module provides the control voltage VMCU to the third resistor R3.
Based on the above description, referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application further provides an extra-low voltage stabilizing method, which is also applied to the extra-low voltage stabilizing circuit shown in any one of fig. 1 to 3, and includes:
s501, the control module receives an operation instruction of a user, wherein the operation instruction carries a target value of the first voltage VOUT.
Illustratively, a user (e.g., an operator of a semiconductor inspection device) may input a first voltage VOUT, e.g., 45mV or 3V, that he or she desires the voltage output node 10 of the circuit to output, via a keyboard coupled to the control module, and press a confirmation key to complete the issuing of the operation instruction.
S502, if the target value is smaller than the set threshold, the control module provides the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 of the first operational amplifier U1B to turn on the switching transistor Q1.
If the target value is greater than the set threshold, the control module does not provide the trigger voltage Vt to the first positive input terminal P1 to keep the switching transistor Q1 turned off S503.
S504, the control module determines a reference voltage based on the target value.
When the user inputs the desired first voltage VOUT, the control module may determine the required reference voltage based on the foregoing relation (6), and the control voltage VMCU in the relation (6) may be a preset known value.
S505, the control module provides a reference voltage to the second positive input terminal P4 of the second operational amplifier U2B.
The embodiment of the application also provides a control module, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program enables the control module to execute the method shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5 when running on the processor.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method shown in fig. 4 or fig. 5.
Claims (9)
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| JP2010136510A (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-17 | Panasonic Corp | Step-down switching regulator |
| JP2017054253A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-16 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Voltage Regulator Circuit |
| US10728960B2 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2020-07-28 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Transistor with integrated active protection |
| WO2021113563A1 (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Khalifa University of Science and Technology | Low power digital low-dropout power regulator |
| CN113009956B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-05-27 | 圣邦微电子（北京）股份有限公司 | Low dropout regulator and control circuit thereof |
| US11329559B2 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-05-10 | Nanya Technology Corporation | Low dropout regulator and control method thereof |
| CN113507202B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-07-26 | 浙江瑞银电子有限公司 | Voltage stabilizing circuit based on bleeder resistor |
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