CN1187403C - 由羟基封端的聚二烯烃聚合物制备的聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物 - Google Patents
由羟基封端的聚二烯烃聚合物制备的聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1187403C CN1187403C CNB988059282A CN98805928A CN1187403C CN 1187403 C CN1187403 C CN 1187403C CN B988059282 A CNB988059282 A CN B988059282A CN 98805928 A CN98805928 A CN 98805928A CN 1187403 C CN1187403 C CN 1187403C
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- thermoplastic polyurethane
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Abstract
包括以下组分的聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物:(a)99-80wt%聚烯烃和(b)1-20wt%OH/NCO摩尔比为0.9-1.1的热塑性聚氨酯组合物,后者包括:(1)90-40wt%羟基当量为750-10,000的氢化聚二烯烃二醇,(2)5-50wt%的二异氰酸酯和(3)4-14wt%官能基团当量为30-300的扩链剂。
Description
本发明涉及热塑性聚氨酯/聚烯烃组合物。更具体地说,本发明涉及相容性热塑性聚氨酯/聚烯烃组合物。
热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)是1)聚合二醇,2)二异氰酸酯和3)扩链剂的反应产物。二醇通常是大约1000-4000数均分子量的聚醚或聚酯。所用二异氰酸酯通常是4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),但也可使用许多其它二异氰酸酯。扩链剂是低分子量二醇,通常是1,4-丁二醇(BDO),但在其它研究工作中已经发现使用支链二醇如2-乙基-1,3-己二醇(PEP)是有利的。这类TPU已经被考虑用作聚丙烯的添加剂,以改进耐冲击性和改进涂料与该改性聚丙烯的粘合性。然而,因为聚酯和聚醚的极性,这些普通的TPU极性太强,而不能广泛地与聚丙烯和其它聚烯烃和其它非极性聚合物如EPDM以及丁二烯和异戊二烯橡胶相容。该不相容性是它们的共混物为什么经常脱层的原因,因此是无用处的。本发明需要解决的问题是提供相容性聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物。现在已经令人惊奇地发现了这样的组合物。
因此,本发明涉及包括以下组分的聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物:
(a)99-80wt%的聚烯烃,和
(b)1-20wt%OH/NCO摩尔比为0.9-1.1的热塑性聚氨酯组合物,包括:
(1)90-40wt%羟基当量为750-10,000的氢化聚二烯烃二醇,
(2)5-50wt%的二异氰酸酯,和
(3)4-14wt%官能基团当量为30-300的扩链剂。
羟基官能聚二烯烃聚合物(聚二烯烃二醇)是已知的。美国专利No.5,393,843公开了含有这些聚合物,蜜胺树脂和酸催化剂的配制料能够通过在正常烘烤条件下烘烤来固化。该同一专利也公开了这些聚合物能够与异氰酸酯混合以生产在环境温度下固化的聚氨酯组合物。例如,已知氢化聚丁二烯二醇(EB二醇)能够通过在化学计量接近1/1的NCO/OH比例下与多异氰酸酯反应来交联(NCO表示在交联反应中表现活性的异氰酸酯官能度,OH表示羟基官能度)。
优选的聚烯烃是聚丙烯均聚物和含有至少60wt%的聚合丙烯单元的聚丙烯共聚物。
优选的聚二烯烃二醇是氢化聚丁二烯二醇。聚二烯烃二醇优选具有750-5000的羟基当量。
优选的扩链剂是烷基取代的脂族二醇,优选C1-C8烷基取代的脂族二醇如2-乙基-1,3-己二醇(PEP二醇),2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇(TMPD二醇),以及2-乙基-2-丁基-1,3-丙二醇(BEPD二醇)。脂族二醇优选是C3-C50脂族二醇,更优选C3-C12脂族二醇。
羟基官能聚二烯烃聚合物和其它含有烯属不饱和度的聚合物能够通过将一种或多种烯烃,尤其是二烯烃本身共聚合或者它们与一种或多种链烯基芳族烃类单体共聚合来制备。共聚物当然可以是无规的,组成递变的,嵌段的或这三种的结合体,以及线性的,辐射状的或星状的。
羟基官能聚二烯烃聚合物可以使用阴离子引发剂或聚合催化剂来制备。这样的聚合物可以使用本体,溶液或乳液技术来制备。当聚合到高分子量时,聚合物一般作为固体如块料,粉料或粒料来回收。当聚合到低分子量时,它可以作为液体如在本发明中那样来回收。
一般,当使用溶液阴离子技术时,共轭二烯烃的聚合物,或任选与乙烯基芳烃类的共聚物,通过将单体或者待聚合的单体同时或按顺序与阴离子聚合引发剂如IA族金属,它们的烷基化物,氨化物,硅烷醇盐,萘化物,联苯化物或蒽基衍生物接触来制备。优选使用有机碱金属(如钠或钾)化合物在合适溶剂中的溶液在-150℃-300℃,优选0℃-100℃的温度范围内。特别有效的阴离子聚合引发剂是具有以下通式的有机锂化合物:
RLin
其中R是具有1到大约20个碳原子的脂族、环脂族、芳族或烷基取代的芳族烃基,n是1-4的整数。
可以阴离子方式聚合的共轭二烯烃(二烯类)包括那些含有4-24个碳原子的共轭二烯烃如1,3-丁二烯,异戊二烯,戊间二烯,甲基戊二烯,苯基丁二烯,3,4-二甲基-1,3-己二烯,和4,5-二乙基-1,3-辛二烯。因为成本低和易于获得,异戊二烯和丁二烯在本发明中是优选的共轭二烯单体。可共聚的链烯基(乙烯基)芳族烃类包括乙烯基芳基化合物如苯乙烯,各种烷基取代的苯乙烯,烷氧基取代的苯乙烯,乙烯基萘和烷基取代的乙烯基萘。
羟基官能聚二烯烃聚合物可以具有1,500-20,000的数均分子量。较低的分子量需要过度交联,而较高的分子量导致非常高的粘度,使得加工很困难。最优选聚合物是具有1500-10,000数均分子量的主要为直链的二醇(750-5000的羟基当量,因为它是二醇,具有两个羟基),因为这样提供了在聚合物的成本,获得良好加工性能和在最终热塑性聚氨酯中达到机械性能的恰当平衡性之间的最佳平衡。聚二烯烃二醇的平均官能度优选是1.8-2.0,更优选是1.9-2.0。
氢化聚丁二烯二醇优选在这里使用,因为它们容易制备,而且具有低的玻璃化转变温度和优异的耐候性。二醇,二羟基化的聚二烯烃典型地通过用锂引发剂由共轭二烯烃单体的阴离子聚合方法来合成。该方法是深为人知的,描述在美国专利Nos.4,039,593和Re.27,145中。聚合用单锂或二锂引发剂开始,在每一个锂位上构造了活性的聚合物主链。
用于本发明的聚二烯烃二醇可用二锂引发剂以阴离子方式来制备,如在美国专利Nos.5,391,663,5,393,843,5,405,911和5,416,168所描述的那样。聚二烯烃聚合物能够使用二锂引发剂来制取,如通过将2摩尔仲丁基锂与1摩尔二异丙基苯反应形成的化合物。该二锂引发剂典型地用于在一般由90wt%的环己烷和10wt%的二乙基醚组成的溶剂中聚合二烯。二锂引发剂与单体的摩尔比决定了聚合物的分子量。然后活性聚合物用2摩尔环氧乙烷封端和用2摩尔甲醇终止以生产所需的聚二烯烃二醇。
聚二烯烃二醇聚合物也能够使用含有已经被作为甲硅烷基醚封闭的羟基的单锂引发剂来制取。聚合工艺的细节能够在美国专利5,736,745中找到。适合的引发剂是羟基丙基锂,其中羟基被作为叔丁基-二甲基甲硅烷基醚封闭。该单锂引发剂能够用于在烃或极性溶剂中聚合共轭二烯。活性聚合物然后用环氧乙烷封端和用甲醇终止。甲硅烷基醚然后通过在水存在下的酸催化解离产生所需聚合物而被除去。
氢化聚丁二烯二醇聚合物能够具有任何丁二烯微结构。然而优选它具有至少30%的1,2-丁二烯加成,因为在氢化之后,如果聚合物含有少于30%的1,2-丁二烯加成,它在室温下将是蜡状固体,当用于本发明方法中时,所得到的TPU将不如1,2-丁二烯含量至少为30%那样具有橡胶状。尽管具有至少30%的1,2-丁二烯加成的氢化聚丁二烯得到了在本发明范围内的在室温下是橡胶状的TPU组合物,但优选1,2-丁二烯含量在40-60%之间,以使氢化聚丁二烯二醇的粘度减到最小。具有所需1,2-丁二烯含量的聚合物可以典型地通过用结构改性剂如乙醚或甘醇二甲醚(1,2-二乙氧基乙烷)来控制1,3-丁二烯的阴离子聚合来制备,以获得所需量的1,2-加成。
在本发明范围内的氢化聚异戊二烯二醇聚合物能够具有任何异戊二烯微结构。然而,优选它具有80%以上的异戊二烯的1,4-加成,更优选90%以上的异戊二烯的1,4-加成,以使聚合物的粘度减到最小。这类聚异戊二烯二醇能够在没有可增加异戊二烯的3,4-加成的微结构改性剂存在下通过阴离子聚合方法来制备。二烯烃微结构典型地通过在氯仿中的13C核磁共振(NMR)来测定。
制取本发明的聚合物的优选方法包括使用具有以下结构的锂引发剂:
其中各R是甲基,乙基,正丙基或正丁基和A”是烷基取代的或非取代的丙基桥连基,包括-CH2-CH2-CH2-(1,3-丙基),-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-(2-甲基-1,3-丙基),和-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-(2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙基),或烷基取代的或非取代的辛基桥连基,包括-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-(1,8-辛基),因为与其中A”被烷基取代的或非取代的丁基,戊基或己基桥连基如-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-(1,4-丁基),-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-(1,5-戊基),或-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-(1,6-己基)代替的类似引发剂比较,这些引发剂在令人惊奇的较高聚合温度下和令人惊奇地较低量的失效引发剂(较高效率)下引发阴离子聚合物的聚合反应。
在本发明中有用的某些羟基化聚二烯烃聚合物具有以下结构式:
(I) HO-A-OH或(HO-A)n-X
其中A是共轭二烯单体的均聚物,两种或多种共轭二烯单体的共聚物,或一种或多种共轭二烯单体与单链烯基芳族烃单体的共聚物。其中n是2和其中X是偶联剂的残基。在这些羟基化聚二烯烃聚合物的制备过程中,通过活性聚合物的不完全封端或借助偶联剂的不完全偶联,可能制得一些具有结构式HO-A的单官能聚合物。尽管优选该单官能聚合物的量为最小,但甚至单官能聚合物的量高达组合物中羟基化聚合物的20wt%时,仍能够得到在本发明范围内的令人满意的热塑性聚氨酯组合物。
在本发明中有用的其它羟基化聚二烯烃聚合物具有以下结构式:
(II) HO-A-Sz-B-OH或(HO-A-Sz-B)n-X或
HO-Sz-A-B-Sy-OH或(HO-Sz-A-B)n-X
其中A和B是聚合物嵌段,该嵌段可以是共轭二烯单体的均聚物嵌段,共轭二烯单体的共聚物嵌段或二烯单体和单链烯基芳族烃单体的共聚物嵌段,其中S是乙烯基芳族聚合物嵌段,其中y和z是0或1,其中n是2,和其中X是偶联剂的残基。
这些聚合物可以含有最多为60wt%的至少一种乙烯基芳族烃,优选苯乙烯。A嵌段和B嵌段可以有100-20,000,优选500-20,000,最优选1000-15,000的数均分子量。S嵌段可以有500-10,000的数均分子量。A或B嵌段可以用不同组成的数均分子量为50-1000的聚合物微嵌段来封端,以补偿任何引发,由于不利的共聚速率带来的组成递变,或封端困难。将会认识到,总分子量应使得得到750-10,000范围内的官能基团当量。
聚二烯烃聚合物的分子量通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)可方便地测量,其中GPC系统已经被适当地校正。这里报告的分子量是从色谱图上计算的数均分子量(以g/mol计算)。在GPC的填料柱中使用的材料是苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯凝胶或硅胶。溶剂是四氢呋喃和检测器是折射率检测器。
聚二烯烃二醇根据本技术领域熟练人员所熟知的工艺如在美国专利Reissue27,145公开的那样典型地被氢化。这些聚合物和共聚物的氢化可以通过各种成熟方法来进行,包括如美国专利5,039,755那样在催化剂如阮内镍,贵金属如铂和类似物,可溶性过渡金属催化剂和钛催化剂的存在下的氢化反应。聚合物可以有不同的二烯嵌段,这些二烯嵌段可以象在美国专利5,229,464描述的那样被选择性氢化。
扩链剂是具有至少两个可与多异氰酸酯反应的官能基团的低分子量物质。数均分子量优选是60-600,最优选80-300。适合的官能基团包括伯醇和仲醇,二羧酸,硫醇,以及伯胺和仲胺。优选的官能基团是羟基。扩链剂的当量通常在大约30到大约300克/官能基团,优选在大约40到150克/官能基团。扩链剂的官能度优选非常接近2,但能够更高,只要在TPU合成过程中在扩链反应期间反应物质不胶凝。最常用的扩链剂是1,4-丁二醇(BDO)。
最适合用于本发明的扩链剂包括具有5-30个碳原子的支链脂族二醇,尤其烷基取代的脂族二醇如2-乙基-1,3-己二醇(PEP二醇),2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇(TMPD二醇),和2-乙基-2-丁基-1,3-丙二醇(BEPD二醇),因为它们是取代的支链二醇,本身不象未取代的直链二醇那样具有极性和因此与聚二烯烃聚合物不相容。也可以将小量的三醇如三羟甲基丙烷或三羟乙基丙烷与这些二醇结合使用,只要反应物质在TPU的合成过程中不胶凝。
本发明中使用的异氰酸酯是具有大约2个,优选1.8-2.1,更优选1.8-2.0个异氰酸酯基团/分子的平均官能度的异氰酸酯。具有2个异氰酸酯基团/分子的官能度的二异氰酸酯优选用于本发明TPU的制备。适合的二异氰酸酯的实例是2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯异构体的混合物,对苯基二异氰酸酯,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,双(4-异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷,萘二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。多异氰酸酯可通过使用专有催化剂将二异氰酸酯二聚合或三聚合以产生缩二脲、异氰脲酸酯等而从这些二异氰酸酯制取。小量的这些多异氰酸酯能够与二异氰酸酯结合使用,只要反应物质在TPU的合成过程中不胶凝。
能够用于本发明的特定的可市购异氰酸酯包括在下表列举的那些:
商品名 | 化学名称 | 当量 | 供应厂家 |
Mondur M(MDI) | 1,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 | 125 | Bayer AG |
Vestanat(IPDI) | 异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 | 111 | Huls |
Mondur TD-80(TDI) | 甲苯二异氰酸酯 | 87 | Bayer AG |
Desmodur W(HMDI) | 亚甲基双(4-环己基-异氰酸酯) | 131 | Bayer AG |
Desmodur H(HDI) | 1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 | 84 | Bayer AG |
Mondur,Vestanat和Desmodur是商标。
4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)是尤其有效的并优选在这里使用,因为它具有高反应活性,也因为它产生了具有良好成形的硬相的TPU,得到高强度和弹性的TPU。
能够用于本发明组合物的聚烯烃包括结晶聚烯烃,例如聚丙烯均聚物,含有至少60wt%的聚合丙烯单元的聚丙烯共聚物,聚乙烯,聚丁烯,线性低密度聚乙烯(实际上是乙烯和少量其它单体,通常是丁烯,己烯或辛烯的共聚物),以及这些结晶聚合物与至多大约40wt%的弹性体如EPDM以及聚丁二烯和聚异戊二烯橡胶的共混物。这些聚烯烃聚合物全都是非极性的,因此当传统的从聚醚或聚酯制取的聚氨酯与它们共混时,共混物是不相容的,而表现低劣性能和趋向于脱层。
本发明组合物含有与小比例的特定类型热塑性聚氨酯共混的占主要比例的聚烯烃。本发明组合物的热塑性聚氨酯组分必须包括1-20wt%,优选1-10wt%的聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物。如果使用低于1wt%的量,那么改进的涂料附着力的效果不能得到,如果使用高于20wt%的量,那么共混物可能不相容和在应力下发生脱层。
在聚二烯烃二醇和扩链剂中的活性羟基与在多异氰酸酯中的活性NCO基的摩尔比必须为0.9-1.1,以在TPU合成时扩链反应过程中获得最大分子量。那么聚二烯烃二醇一般以90-40wt%的量存在于TPU中,扩链剂以4-14wt%的量存在,和二异氰酸酯以5-50wt%的量使用。在TPU中各成分的优选浓度为:聚二烯烃二醇75-55wt%,扩链剂7-11wt%和二异氰酸酯15-30wt%。
实施例
热塑性聚氨酯的制备
三种热塑性聚氨酯(TPUs)用于本研究中。TPU-1使用数均分子量为3300(羟基当量=1650)的氢化聚丁二烯二醇(EB二醇),MDI(MONDURM,购自Bayer),和PEP二醇(购自Aldrich)在EB二醇/PEP二醇的重量比为85/15和NCO/OH的摩尔比为1/1的情况下来制取。TPU-2使用数均分子量2000的聚氧化丙烯聚醚二醇(PPG-2025,购自Arco),MDI和BDO(购自Aldrich)在PPG-2025/BDO的比率为90/10和NCO/OH为1/1的情况下来制取。第三种TPU是市购产品,TEXIN 985-A(购自Bayer;TEXIN是商标),基于聚醚二醇。TPU-1和TPU-2的配方在表1给出。对所有三种TPU的注塑板测得的肖氏A硬度和拉伸性能也在表1给出。
TPU-1和TPU-2通过预聚物方法来制取,其中聚合二醇首先与MDI反应,然后加入扩链剂。工业上设想这是通过无溶剂方法在挤出机反应器系统中来完成的。因为在本研究工作中没有提供挤出机反应器,所以TPU以在甲苯中大约50wt%的固体量来制取,溶剂在反应之后被除去。
EB二醇,聚醚二醇和扩链剂在真空烘箱中在80℃下干燥1小时,甲苯在分子筛上干燥。MDI和聚合二醇以50wt%被溶解在甲苯中。所需量的这些溶液被称量加入2L树脂釜中,加入少量的DABCO T-12催化剂(DABCO是商标),当被加热到80℃时,釜用干燥氮气吹扫。反应物在80℃下保持2小时以制成预聚物。然后加入扩链剂PEP或BDO。当扩链开始时,粘度快速变高,以致溶液不能再被搅动,所以树脂釜的内容物被刮出到托盘中。将托盘放入烘箱在80℃下用干燥氮气吹扫3小时以完成TPUs的制备。样品然后被切成小片,蒸发剩余甲苯。片料用液氮冷冻,再用旋转研磨机磨成粗粉料,然后在120℃下干燥2小时。然后它们被贮存在干燥氮气吹扫过的罐里,一直到被使用。
表1
组成(wt%) | TPU-1 | TPU-2 | TEXIN |
EB二醇 | 64.2 | - | - |
PPG 2025 | - | 64.4 | - |
TEXIN 985-A | - | - | 100 |
PEP二醇 | 11.2 | - | - |
BDO二醇 | - | 7.2 | - |
MONDUR N | 24.4 | 28.4 | - |
肖氏A硬度 | |||
瞬间 | 69 | 77 | 79 |
10秒 | 62 | 70 | 78 |
拉伸性能 | |||
拉伸强度,psi(MPa) | 330(2.28) | NA | >2850(19.65) |
断裂伸长率,% | >620 | NA | >620 |
聚丙烯与聚氨酯共混物的制备
三种TPU的每一种与聚丙烯均聚物(SHELL PP DX 5015H(SHELL是商标))在塑料袋中按PP/TPU的重量比为90/10和70/30干混。干混物在2英寸(5.1cm)Berstorff双螺杆挤出机中混合,挤出成线材,切断和在使用之前干燥。然后使用Arburg注塑机从六种PP/TPU共混物的每一种和从单个聚合物本身来制备大约90密耳(2.3mm)厚的板材。
对每一块板测量肖氏A和肖氏D硬度和应力/应变性能(ASTM D-1708,微拉伸,0.5in/min(1.27cm/min)十字头速度)。结果表示在表2和3中。对纯100%的TPU-2没有测量拉伸性能,因为用有限量的可获得样品不能制备令人满意的板材。每一种组合物的形态通过从板材上微切片,用四氧化钌染色,和用透射电子显微镜观察来测定。
纯聚氨酯的性能
描述在表2的结果表示聚醚TPU(TEXIN和TPU-2)二者都具有大约78的瞬间肖氏A值,而基于EB二醇的TPU-1因具有69的瞬时肖氏A值而显得稍软。TEXIN 985-A具有商购高质量TPU的典型性能。它的拉伸应力在620%伸长率下达到2850psi(19.65MPa),是在Instron测试机上十字头移动的极限。相反,TPU-1是较弱的弹性体。TPU-1达到的最大拉伸应力仅为大约330psi(2.28MPa),但它具有大约600%的良好断裂伸长率。如以上提及的那样,TPU-2的板材被认为对于应力/应变测量值是不够好的。
聚丙烯与聚氨酯共混物的性能
表2的结果显示三种TPU中每一种的添加都会导致PP的肖氏D硬度大约相同程度地下降,从纯PP的大约70到90/10共混物的大约68再到70/30共混物的大约60。三种TPU的明显区别在于它们对PP/TPU共混物的应力/应变性能的影响。在90/10的PP/TPU共混物中,TPU-1明显地得到了好得多的共混物。表3的结果显示10wt%的TPU-1能够被掺入PP中,而没有屈服应力或拉伸强度或伸长率的降低。TPU-2导致了屈服应力,拉伸强度和伸长率的明显下降,以及TEXIN导致了三种性能的甚至更大的降低。出现这种差别的原因被认为是TPU-1比基于聚醚的TPU与PP更相容一些,所以TPU-1在PP中有较好的分散。TPU-1在PP中的分散体的较细粒度由电子显微照片证实。
三种TPU对于聚丙烯共混物性能的影响的差别在70/30PP/TPU共混物中要小得多。所有三种TPU的主要影响是伸长率的显著下降。定性观察可发现,PP/聚醚TPU的脱层要比PP/TPU-1共混物的脱层容易得多。
表2
组成(wt%) | 肖氏A硬度 | 肖氏D硬度 | |||||
PP | TPU-1 | TPU-2 | TEXIN | 瞬时 | 10秒 | 瞬时 | 10秒 |
100 | - | - | - | 92a | 92a | 70 | 66 |
90 | 10 | - | - | - | - | 68 | 63 |
70 | 30 | - | - | - | - | 59 | 52 |
- | 100 | - | - | 69 | 62 | 24a | 18a |
90 | - | 10 | - | - | - | 69 | 65 |
70 | - | 30 | - | - | - | 59 | 52 |
- | - | 100 | - | 77 | 70 | 24a | 16a |
90 | - | - | 10 | 95a | 95a | 68 | 64 |
70 | - | - | 30 | 91 | 90 | 62 | 55 |
- | - | - | 100 | 79 | 78 | 36 | 31 |
a-该值超出了测试方法可靠性的范围
表3
组成(wt%) | 杨氏模量 | 屈服 | 拉伸 | |||||
PP | TPU-1 | TPU-2 | TEXIN | psi(MPa) | 应力psi(MPa) | 应变(%) | 应力psi(MPa) | 应变(%) |
100 | - | - | - | 126000(869) | 4420(30.5) | 10 | 4610(31.8) | 540 |
90 | 10 | - | - | 129000(889) | 4410(30.4) | 11 | 4880(33.6) | 590 |
70 | 30 | - | - | 91000(627) | 2580(17.8) | 9 | 2360(16.3) | 47 |
- | 100 | - | - | 400(2.76) | 390(2.69) | 450 | 330(2.28) | >620 |
90 | - | 10 | - | 146000(1006) | 4140(28.5) | 7 | 3370(23.2) | 100 |
70 | - | 30 | - | 98000(676) | 2260(15.6) | 6 | 2140(14.8) | 7 |
- | - | 100 | - | a | a | a | a | a |
90 | - | - | 10 | 139000(958) | 3530(24.3) | 5 | 2940(20.3) | 35 |
70 | - | - | 30 | 96000(662) | 2560(17.7) | 7 | 1610(11.1) | 86 |
- | - | - | 100 | 1800(12.4) | 600(4.14) | 50 | >2850(19.7) | >620 |
a-该板材的质量对于用于测量拉伸性能来说太差
聚氨酯对于涂料附着力的影响
因为聚丙烯是非极性聚烯烃,涂料没有极性组分可粘接,所以它作为涂料的底材是很难的。在这一研究工作中作了一项简单的研究,以测定这些TPU添加到聚丙烯中是否会改进PP/TPU共混物的可涂漆性。
有多种涂料配方可供选择。在本发明中使用两种配方。一种是用蜜胺树脂固化的聚酯多元醇。该多元醇是DESMOPHEN 670-A(购自Bayer),具有500羟基当量的饱和聚酯。它被Bayer推荐为软塑料底材上的涂料。固化剂是六甲氧基蜜胺,CYMEL(商标)303(购自CYTEC),它是用于聚酯多元醇中最广泛使用的固化剂之一。固化反应通过十二烷基苯磺酸(CYCAT(商标)600(购自CYTEC))催化。加入二甲苯以降低涂料的粘度。另一种配方是基于以上所用EB二醇、也属于增强二醇的扩链剂(增加固化涂层硬度的组分),和蜜胺树脂交联剂的实验用聚烯烃/蜜胺涂料。增强二醇是2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇。(TMPD二醇,购自Eastmen)。固化剂是丁基化蜜胺,CYMEL1156(购自CYTEC)。固化反应再次用CYCAT 600催化。加入脂族烃溶剂,VM&P Naphtha HT(购自Shell)以降低涂料的粘度。为了克服EB二醇和TMPD二醇的不相容性,有必要在树脂釜中在100℃下蒸煮该聚烯烃/蜜胺涂料树脂2小时,以获得相稳定树脂。
涂料作为60wt%的固体溶液涂敷到每一种组合物的板材上,涂敷板材在121℃下烘烤1小时,以完成多元醇与蜜胺之间的固化反应。干燥涂层的厚度是大约1密耳(25μm)。涂料附着力通过划格法附着力试验测量(ASTM D3359,方法B),其中刻度范围从5(无附着力损失)到0(附着力损失>65%)。也作出了附着力的定性评价。也注明了涂料在润湿底材能力上的差别。结果表示在表4和5中。
两种涂料对PP的附着力都是差的。然而,定性观察发现,聚烯烃/蜜胺涂料能够很好地润湿PP,得到了漂亮平滑的涂层,而聚酯/蜜胺涂料润湿PP较差,在PP上得到了大片区域,在该区域内涂层完全脱湿(de-wet)而留了未涂敷PP的岛状物。没有一种涂料能很好地附着到90/10 PP/TPU共混物上。然而,定性观察发现,在90/10 PP/TPU-1板材上的涂层要比在90/10 PP/TPU-2和PP/TEXIN板材上的涂层平滑,表明TPU-1得到了更容易为涂料所润湿的板材。结果从定性上显示了两种涂料附着到70/30 PP/TPU共混物上比附着到90/10共混物上好得多,但这在划格法附着力结果中并未反映出来。然而,PP与TPU-1的70/30共混物比其与基于聚醚的TPU的共混物得到了稍好的附着力和更好的润湿特性。
表4 a,b
板材组成(wt%) | 划格法附着力 | 定性附着力 | 定性润湿性 | |||
PP | TPU-1 | TPU-2 | TEXIN | |||
100 | - | - | - | 0 | 差 | 差 |
90 | 10 | - | - | 0 | 差 | 好 |
70 | 30 | - | - | 1 | 好 | 很好 |
- | 100 | - | - | 5 | 优异 | 好 |
90 | - | 10 | - | 0 | 差 | 一般 |
70 | - | 30 | - | 0 | 好 | 好 |
- | - | 100 | - | c | c | c |
90 | - | - | 10 | 0 | 差 | 好 |
70 | - | - | 30 | 0 | 好 | 好 |
- | - | - | 100 | 5 | 优异 | 好 |
a-涂料以大约1密耳(25μm)干膜厚度涂敷到注塑板材上。在121℃下烘烤1小时固化。
b-涂料组成如下:
DESMOPHEN 670-A-80重量份(pbw),CYMEL 303-20pbw,CYCAT600-1pbw,和二甲苯-67pbw。
c-没有涂敷涂料,因为板材质量差。
表5 a,b
板材组成(wt%) | 划格法附着力 | 定性附着力 | 定性润湿性 | |||
PP | TPU-1 | TPU-2 | TEXIN | |||
100 | - | - | - | 0 | 差 | 差 |
90 | 10 | - | - | 1 | 差 | 好 |
70 | 30 | - | - | 2 | 好 | 很好 |
90 | - | 10 | - | 0 | 差 | 好 |
70 | - | 30 | - | 0 | 好 | 好 |
90 | - | - | 10 | 0 | 差 | 好 |
70 | - | - | 30 | 0 | 好 | 好 |
a-涂料以大约1密耳(25μm)干膜厚度涂敷到注塑板材上。在121℃下烘烤1小时固化。
b-涂料组成如下:EB二醇-40pbw,TMPD二醇-20pbw,CYMEL 1156-40pbw,CYCAT 600-1pbw,和VM&P naphtha-67pbw。在涂敷到板材上之前,这些组分在树脂釜中在100℃下反应2小时。
总之,90/10 PP/TPU-1共混物得到了比具有基于聚醚的TPU的90/10 PP/TPU共混物更好的拉伸性能。掺入TPU-1到PP中在改进涂料附着力上比掺入基于聚醚的TPU更有效,尤其对聚烯烃/蜜胺涂料而言。
Claims (7)
1、一种聚烯烃/热塑性聚氨酯组合物,其包含:
(a)99-80wt%的结晶聚烯烃或结晶聚烯烃与至多40wt%的弹性体的共混物,和
(b)1-20wt%OH/NCO摩尔比为0.9-1.1的热塑性聚氨酯组合物,包括:
(1)90-40wt%羟基当量为750-10,000的氢化聚二烯烃二醇,
(2)5-50wt%的二异氰酸酯,和
(3)4-14wt%官能基团当量为30-300的扩链剂。
2、根据权利要求1的组合物,热塑性聚氨酯组合物包括75-55wt%的氢化聚二烯烃二醇,7-11wt%的扩链剂,和15-30wt%的二异氰酸酯,前提是全部组分之和为100wt%。
3、根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中扩链剂的官能基团当量为40-150。
4、根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中聚二烯烃二醇的羟基当量为750-5000。
5、根据任一前述权利要求的组合物,其中扩链剂的官能基团为羟基。
6、根据权利要求1的组合物,其中结晶聚烯烃包括聚丙烯均聚物,含有至少60wt%的聚合丙烯单元的聚丙烯共聚物,聚乙烯,聚丁烯,线性低密度聚乙烯。
7、一种含有根据任一前述权利要求的组合物的制品。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US5221697P | 1997-07-10 | 1997-07-10 | |
US60/052,216 | 1997-07-10 |
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CN1259155A CN1259155A (zh) | 2000-07-05 |
CN1187403C true CN1187403C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
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EP (1) | EP0994919B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002508024A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010015556A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1187403C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9809166A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2295796A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69824727T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2218849T3 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199902920T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW565593B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999002603A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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US12221510B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2025-02-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Recyclable laminate |
Families Citing this family (16)
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US6534617B1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2003-03-18 | Kraton Polymers U.S. Llc | Extruder process for making thermoplastic polyurethanes |
EP1057864A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-06 | Johnson Controls Automotive S.r.l. | A functionalized thermoplastic polymer composition and a process for its preparation |
BRPI0622260A2 (pt) | 2005-09-12 | 2011-08-09 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | peça automotiva, peça automotiva interna, painel de instrumentos e painel de porta |
DE602007002450D1 (de) | 2006-07-26 | 2009-10-29 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind | Gummimischung und Reifen damit |
US20100055358A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-03-04 | Weaver Laura B | Polyurethane Compositions and Articles Prepared Therefrom, and Methods for Making the Same |
CN101611086B (zh) * | 2006-11-01 | 2013-10-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 聚氨酯组合物、由其制备的制品及其制备方法 |
KR101455425B1 (ko) | 2006-12-21 | 2014-10-27 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 폴리올레핀 조성물 및 그로부터 제조된 물품 및 그의 제조 방법 |
WO2008079784A2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Functionalized olefin polymers, compositions and articles prepared therefrom, and methods for making the same |
WO2009017868A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-05 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Compositions of thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu), polybutadiene and polydiene-based tpu |
EP2294102B1 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2013-08-21 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Polyolefin compositions and articles prepared therefrom and methods of making the same |
IT1400743B1 (it) | 2010-06-30 | 2013-07-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Composizioni polimeriche |
EP3056528B1 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2017-09-27 | Dynasol Elastómeros S.A. | Segmented copolymer composition with improved properties |
WO2018057488A1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-29 | The University Of Massachusetts | Polyurethane, method of preparation, and article comprising the polyurethane |
CN108484867A (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-04 | 广州顺力聚氨酯科技有限公司 | 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112358833A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 吴文静 | 一种反应型热熔胶原料及其制造方法 |
CN114773557B (zh) * | 2022-04-30 | 2023-09-12 | 郑州大学 | 一种面向表面防护应用的耐腐蚀、耐候聚氨酯弹性体 |
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US4883837A (en) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-11-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Compatible blends of polyolefins with thermoplastic polyurethanes |
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1998
- 1998-07-08 EP EP98942676A patent/EP0994919B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 ES ES98942676T patent/ES2218849T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 KR KR1020007000065A patent/KR20010015556A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-08 CN CNB988059282A patent/CN1187403C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-08 BR BR9809166-2A patent/BR9809166A/pt unknown
- 1998-07-08 WO PCT/EP1998/004979 patent/WO1999002603A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-08 JP JP50818799A patent/JP2002508024A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-08 DE DE69824727T patent/DE69824727T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 CA CA002295796A patent/CA2295796A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-08 TR TR1999/02920T patent/TR199902920T2/xx unknown
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US12221510B2 (en) | 2019-10-28 | 2025-02-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Recyclable laminate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE69824727D1 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
TR199902920T2 (xx) | 2000-05-22 |
CA2295796A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
EP0994919B1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
DE69824727T2 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
ES2218849T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
CN1259155A (zh) | 2000-07-05 |
TW565593B (en) | 2003-12-11 |
EP0994919A1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
KR20010015556A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
WO1999002603A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
JP2002508024A (ja) | 2002-03-12 |
BR9809166A (pt) | 2000-08-01 |
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