CN118739487B - Intelligent battery management system and method based on passive balancing - Google Patents
Intelligent battery management system and method based on passive balancing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent battery management system and method based on passive equalization, and relates to the technical field of battery management, wherein the method comprises the steps of acquiring and obtaining cell state information of a target battery pack in real time, wherein the cell state information comprises cell voltage information, cell current information and cell temperature information; the method comprises the steps of acquiring battery core characteristic data of a target battery pack, configuring an equalization interval according to the battery core characteristic data, comprising equalization trigger voltage and equalization cut-off voltage, interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and calling an adaptive strategy to carry out strategy distribution by combining the battery core temperature information, wherein the adaptive strategy comprises a prospective equalization strategy and a trigger equalization strategy, and carrying out intelligent management of the target battery pack according to the battery core state information and the equalization interval based on an adaptive strategy distribution result. Thereby achieving the technical effects of smooth passive balance heat generation and reducing the difficulty of heat control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to an intelligent battery management system and method based on passive equalization.
Background
The battery pack is composed of a plurality of single batteries (battery cells), and the capacity and the voltage of each single battery (battery cell) can be inconsistent due to the production process, the use environment, the aging and the like. Such inconsistencies can lead to reduced overall performance of the battery, reduced battery life, and even safety issues.
In Battery management system (Battery MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS), battery balancing technology is a key to ensure safe and efficient operation of the Battery pack. The existing battery equalization calculation comprises passive equalization and active equalization, wherein the active equalization has the advantages of low energy dissipation, high circuit cost, complex control, low passive equalization relative cost, simple control, wider application, and high heat control difficulty, and influences the charging efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent battery management system and method based on passive equalization, which are used for solving the technical problems of high heat control difficulty and influence on charging efficiency in the prior art and realizing the technical effects of smooth passive equalization heat generation and reduction of heat control difficulty.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a passive equalization based intelligent battery management system, wherein the system comprises:
the information sensing module is used for acquiring and obtaining the battery cell state information of the target battery pack in real time, wherein the battery cell state information comprises battery cell voltage information, battery cell current information and battery cell temperature information.
The trigger constraint module is used for acquiring the cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, and configuring an equalization interval comprising an equalization trigger voltage and an equalization cut-off voltage according to the cell characteristic data.
The self-adaptive matching module is used for interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and calling a self-adaptive strategy to carry out strategy allocation by combining the battery core temperature information, wherein the self-adaptive strategy comprises a prospective type equalization strategy and a trigger type equalization strategy;
And the management execution module is used for carrying out intelligent management on the target battery pack according to the self-adaptive strategy distribution result and the battery cell state information and the balance interval.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a passive equalization-based intelligent battery management method, where the method includes:
acquiring battery cell state information of a target battery pack in real time, wherein the battery cell state information comprises battery cell voltage information, battery cell current information and battery cell temperature information, acquiring battery cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, configuring an equalization interval according to the battery cell characteristic data, comprising equalization trigger voltage and equalization cut-off voltage, interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, combining the battery cell temperature information, and calling an adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation, wherein the adaptive strategy comprises a prospective equalization strategy and a trigger equalization strategy, and based on an adaptive strategy allocation result, combining the equalization interval according to the battery cell state information, and performing intelligent management of the target battery pack.
The invention discloses an intelligent battery management system and method based on passive equalization, comprising the steps of collecting battery core state information of a target battery pack in real time, wherein the battery core state information comprises battery core voltage information, battery core current information and battery core temperature information, acquiring battery core characteristic data of the target battery pack, configuring an equalization interval according to the battery core characteristic data, comprising equalization trigger voltage and equalization cut-off voltage, interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, combining the battery core temperature information, and calling an adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation, wherein the adaptive strategy comprises a prospective equalization strategy and a trigger equalization strategy, and performing intelligent management on the target battery pack according to the battery core state information and combining the equalization interval based on an adaptive strategy allocation result. The intelligent battery management system and the intelligent battery management method based on passive balancing solve the technical problems that the heat control difficulty is high and the charging efficiency is affected, and achieve the technical effects of smooth passive balancing heat production and reducing the heat control difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a passive equalization-based intelligent battery management system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the intelligent battery management method based on passive equalization.
Reference numerals illustrate an information sensing module 11, a trigger constraint module 12, an adaptive matching module 13, and a management execution module 14.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the technical problems of high heat control difficulty and influence on charging efficiency in the prior art, and adopts the following overall thought:
Firstly, acquiring cell state information of a target battery pack in real time, wherein the cell state information comprises cell voltage information, cell current information and cell temperature information. And then, acquiring the cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, and configuring an equalization interval comprising an equalization trigger voltage and an equalization cut-off voltage according to the cell characteristic data. And then, interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and calling an adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation by combining the battery cell temperature information, wherein the adaptive strategy comprises a prospective type balance strategy and a trigger type balance strategy. And finally, based on the self-adaptive strategy distribution result, according to the cell state information, combining the equalization interval to perform intelligent management of the target battery pack.
The foregoing aspects will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention and not all embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by the exemplary embodiments used only to explain the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the drawings related to the present invention are shown.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an intelligent battery management system based on passive equalization, wherein the system comprises:
the information sensing module 11 is configured to acquire and obtain, in real time, battery cell state information of the target battery pack, where the battery cell state information includes battery cell voltage information, battery cell current information, and battery cell temperature information.
Optionally, the main function of the information sensing module 11 is to collect and acquire the cell state information of the target battery pack in real time. The collected information is used for analyzing the running state of the battery pack, and the efficient and safe running of the battery management system is ensured.
Optionally, a high-precision voltage sensor is adopted, the voltage information of each battery cell is detected in real time through a resistor voltage division circuit, the voltage information of each battery cell reflects the voltage level of each battery cell in the target battery pack, and the method includes the steps of continuously acquiring the battery cells for preset times through D/A conversion, calculating the average value of the acquired voltage for multiple times, and outputting the average value as the voltage information of the battery cell.
Optionally, the charging and discharging current of the battery cells is detected through a Hall effect sensor or a shunt resistor, current data of each battery cell is recorded, and battery cell current information is obtained. The battery cell current information is used for analyzing current changes in the charging and discharging processes and ensuring that the battery pack operates in a safe current range.
Specifically, the current information collection modes are different according to the serial-parallel connection mode of the battery pack. For series connection, only one position of current needs to be measured, for parallel connection, each branch current needs to be measured respectively, and for hybrid connection, each series group and each parallel branch current needs to be measured respectively, so that accurate acquisition of current information of a plurality of battery cells of a target battery pack is realized.
Optionally, the temperature of the battery cells is monitored in real time through a high-precision temperature sensor such as a thermocouple or a thermistor, the temperature information of the battery cells is obtained, and the temperature of each battery cell is monitored through the obtained temperature information of the battery cells, so that the battery can be ensured to operate in an optimal temperature range, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the safety is improved.
Specifically, the temperature information of the battery cell is obtained, firstly, the temperature of the battery cell is continuously acquired for preset times through D/A conversion, and then, the highest temperature value in the acquisition for multiple times is obtained, and the highest temperature value is output as the voltage information of the battery cell.
Optionally, the information sensing module 11 further includes an integrated data processing component and a data transmission component. The integrated data processing component is used for processing the collected state information of the battery cells in real time and carrying out preliminary analysis and filtration. The data transmission component is used for transmitting the processed data to a control center of the battery management system in a wired or wireless mode.
By monitoring the state of the battery cells in real time through multiple parameters, a high-quality data base is provided for subsequent management decisions, the response speed and accuracy of a battery management system are improved, and meanwhile, the overall safety of the battery pack is ensured.
The trigger constraint module 12 is configured to obtain cell characteristic data of a target battery pack, and configure an equalization interval according to the cell characteristic data, where the equalization interval includes an equalization trigger voltage and an equalization cutoff voltage.
Specifically, the main function of the triggering constraint module 12 is to acquire the cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, and configure an equalization interval according to the data, where the equalization interval includes an equalization trigger voltage and an equalization cutoff voltage, and the equalization interval defines a trigger and termination threshold of passive equalization. By accurately setting the balanced trigger voltage and the balanced cut-off voltage, the balanced interval is ensured to be set in a safe voltage range, and the balanced operation is performed at the best time, so that the balanced efficiency and the safety of the battery cell of the battery pack are improved.
In some embodiments, obtaining cell characteristic data of a target battery pack, and configuring an equalization interval according to the cell characteristic data, the performing steps include:
And acquiring cell specification data of the target battery pack, and extracting cell characteristic data, wherein the cell characteristic data at least comprises discharge cut-off voltage, charge cut-off voltage and highest withstand voltage.
And configuring the balanced cut-off voltage according to the charging cut-off voltage.
And configuring the balanced trigger voltage based on the highest withstand voltage in combination with a safety limit of a target battery pack, wherein the balanced trigger voltage is smaller than the highest withstand voltage.
And taking the equalization trigger voltage as an upper limit of a section, and taking the equalization cut-off voltage as a lower limit of the section, and configuring an equalization section.
Alternatively, first, the cell specification data of the target battery pack is obtained from the battery pack manufacturer or technical data. The cell specification data includes basic parameters and operating characteristics of the cell, such as voltage range, capacity, maximum charge and discharge current, and the like.
Specifically, the cell characteristic data is extracted from the acquired cell specification data, and at least comprises a discharge cut-off voltage, namely the lowest voltage at which the cell can safely operate in the discharge process, a charge cut-off voltage, namely the highest voltage at which the cell can safely operate in the charge process, and the highest withstand voltage, namely the highest voltage value at which the cell can withstand, is considered to be full if the cell voltage reaches the charge cut-off voltage, wherein the highest withstand voltage is larger than the charge cut-off voltage, and the damage to the cell is possibly caused above the voltage.
Optionally, the balanced cutoff voltage is configured according to the charging cutoff voltage, where the balanced cutoff voltage is generally set to be slightly lower than the charging cutoff voltage, so as to ensure that passive balancing is sufficient in the charging process, and prevent the voltage of the battery cell from being still greater than the balanced cutoff voltage after buffering due to the voltage hysteresis characteristic of the battery cell. For example, if the charge cutoff voltage is 4.2V, the equilibrium cutoff voltage may be set to 4.1V.
Optionally, the balanced trigger voltage is configured in combination with a safety limit for the target battery pack based on the highest withstand voltage. The equalization trigger voltage should be lower than the highest withstand voltage to ensure that the safety voltage range of the battery cell is not exceeded in the equalization process, thereby protecting the safety of the battery cell. The safety limit refers to a voltage buffer range reserved by the battery cell in different use environments, and is determined by combining the service life, the working temperature, the discharge rate and other factors of the battery cell. For example, the safety is expressed as a fixed voltage value, and if the highest withstand voltage is 4.3V and the safety limit is defined as 0.2V, the equilibrium trigger voltage may be set below 4.1V.
Further, an equalizing section is configured with the equalizing trigger voltage as a section lower limit and the equalizing cut-off voltage as a section upper limit. The balancing interval defines that the balancing operation is performed when the cell voltage is within the interval range, so that the cell voltage is ensured to be kept within the safety range, and the overall performance and the safety of the battery pack are improved.
And the self-adaptive matching module 13 is used for interactively acquiring the temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and calling a self-adaptive strategy to carry out strategy allocation by combining the battery cell temperature information, wherein the self-adaptive strategy comprises a prospective type equalization strategy and a trigger type equalization strategy.
Optionally, the main function of the adaptive matching module 13 is to interactively obtain temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and call an adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation in combination with the battery cell temperature information. The temperature rise information refers to the change condition of the temperature of the battery pack in the charging and discharging process, and is obtained through temperature monitoring records of the target battery.
Specifically, the self-adaptive strategy comprises a prospective equalization strategy and a trigger equalization strategy, wherein the prospective equalization strategy predicts according to the temperature change trend, performs equalization operation in advance, is suitable for a charge management scene with higher calculation power level, larger battery pack capacity and higher thermal management requirement on a charge management system, and the trigger equalization strategy realizes equalization of the battery cells through a preset trigger mechanism, does not need complex calculation and prediction, and is suitable for the charge management scene with lower calculation power, smaller battery pack capacity, looser thermal management requirement and lower charge efficiency requirement.
By matching corresponding equalization strategies for different applications, which are commonly adaptive, efficient equalization of the battery pack under different temperature conditions is facilitated.
In some embodiments, the method includes the steps of interactively obtaining temperature rise information of a target battery pack, and calling an adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation by combining the battery cell temperature information, wherein the executing steps include:
And configuring strategy allocation constraint, wherein the strategy allocation constraint comprises temperature constraint and temperature rise constraint.
And carrying out threshold judgment on the battery cell temperature information based on the temperature constraint to acquire a first judgment result.
And carrying out threshold judgment on the temperature rise information based on the temperature rise constraint to acquire a second judgment result.
Outputting the prospective equalization strategy as the adaptive strategy allocation result if any one of the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result is not satisfied, and outputting the trigger equalization strategy as the adaptive strategy allocation result if both the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result are satisfied.
Optionally, firstly, policy allocation constraint is defined based on control requirement of a target battery pack, including temperature constraint and temperature rise constraint, wherein the temperature constraint defines a temperature control limit of a battery cell or a battery cell environment, and if the temperature of the battery cell or the battery cell environment is greater than or equal to the temperature constraint, the temperature level of the battery pack can be considered to be higher, and thermal management or heat release regulation is required. And setting a safety range of the temperature change rate of the battery pack by temperature rise constraint, and if the temperature of the temperature rise rate of the battery cell is greater than or equal to the temperature rise constraint, indicating that the temperature of the battery cell is too high, and controlling the heat generation rate is needed.
Optionally, acquiring the temperature information of the battery cell, judging whether the temperature information is in a preset temperature constraint range, and acquiring a first judging result;
and specifically, if the temperature rise information is in the temperature rise constraint range, the judgment result is satisfied, otherwise, the judgment result is regarded as unsatisfied.
Specifically, the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result are combined to determine the self-adaptive strategy, and if any one of the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result is not satisfied, the prospective equalization strategy is output as the self-adaptive strategy allocation result. The prospective equalization strategy can perform equalization operation in advance, so that heat generated by passive equalization is dispersed, and the temperature or temperature rise of the battery pack is prevented from exceeding a safety range.
Specifically, the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result are synthesized to determine the self-adaptive strategy, and if the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result are both satisfied, the trigger type equalization strategy is output as the self-adaptive strategy allocation result. The triggered equalization strategy will perform equalization when both the cell temperature and the temperature rise are within safe ranges, in which case it is indicated that the target battery pack has a relatively sufficient thermal management capacity, which can afford a relatively high discharge heat generation.
And the management execution module 14 is used for carrying out intelligent management on the target battery pack according to the self-adaptive strategy distribution result and the battery cell state information and the balance interval.
In some embodiments, based on the adaptive policy allocation result, according to the cell state information, in combination with the equalization interval, intelligent management of the target battery pack is performed, and the performing steps include:
And if the self-adaptive strategy distribution result is the trigger type equalization strategy, carrying out equalization triggering judgment by combining the equalization interval based on the cell voltage information, marking a cell with the cell voltage larger than the equalization triggering voltage as a cell to be equalized, and obtaining an equalization target set.
And controlling the discharge MOSFET corresponding to the battery cell to be balanced to perform discharge control based on the balance target set, wherein the discharge MOSFET is connected with a discharge resistor in parallel after being connected with the battery cell in series.
And continuously monitoring and collecting the voltage value of the battery cell of the target battery pack, and if the voltage value of the battery cell is smaller than the balanced cut-off voltage, disconnecting the discharge MOSFET of the corresponding battery cell.
And continuously monitoring and collecting a plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, acquiring updated battery cell state information, and performing iterative equalization triggering judgment based on the updated battery cell state information until the equalization target set is the whole set of the plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, and switching off the charging MOSFET.
Optionally, if the self-adaptive strategy allocation result is a triggered equalization strategy, performing equalization triggering judgment based on the cell voltage information in combination with an equalization interval, marking cells with cell voltages greater than the equalization triggering voltage as cells to be equalized, and storing all the cells to be equalized as an equalization target set. In other words, the cell with the cell voltage greater than the equalization trigger voltage may be considered as a charged cell, and equalization operation is required by discharging, so as to avoid damage to the cell caused by overvoltage or trigger OVP overvoltage protection.
Optionally, the cells to be balanced are discharged by controlling the on-off of a discharge MOSFET on a discharge circuit connected in parallel with the cells to be balanced, wherein each cell to be balanced corresponds to one discharge MOSFET, and the discharge MOSFET is connected in parallel with the cells after being connected in series with a discharge resistor. Illustratively, the switching state of the discharge MOSFET is controlled by a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, thereby adjusting the discharge power, realizing an balanced discharge of the cells, and gradually reducing the cell voltage to an balanced state. The larger the voltage deviation of the battery cell is, the higher the charging rate is, the higher the duty ratio is, and the higher the discharge power is.
Optionally, continuously monitoring the voltage value of the battery core of the collection target battery pack, and when the voltage value of a certain battery core is smaller than the balanced trigger voltage, disconnecting the discharge MOSFET of the corresponding battery core, stopping the discharge operation, at this time, continuously charging the battery core along with the on-off of the charge MOSFET, and rising the voltage of the battery core until the voltage of the battery core is again larger than the balanced trigger voltage, and then re-performing the discharge control.
Further, continuous monitoring and acquisition are carried out on a plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, updated battery cell state information is obtained, balance triggering judgment is carried out based on the updated battery cell state information, and the battery cells which need to be subjected to balance operation are re-judged and iterative control of discharging is carried out. And repeating the steps until the equalization target set is the whole set of the plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, namely, all the battery cells reach an equalization state, and then the target battery pack can be regarded as reaching the equalization state and the charging is completed, and disconnecting the charging MOSFET of the main power supply circuit to finish the equalization process.
In some embodiments, based on the adaptive policy allocation result, according to the cell state information, in combination with the equalization interval, the performing step further includes:
and if the self-adaptive strategy distribution result is the prospective balance strategy, interactively acquiring historical battery pack data, wherein the historical battery pack data comprises total capacity data and initial SOC data of a plurality of battery cells.
And calculating and acquiring a predicted charging curve set based on the historical battery pack data and the cell state information.
And extracting a standard charging curve based on the cell specification data, and carrying out end correction on the estimated charging curve set according to the standard charging curve to obtain a corrected charging curve set.
And traversing the corrected charging curve set, taking the end point of the corrected charging curve with the lowest slope as an energy supplementing base point, calculating and obtaining discharge control parameters of a plurality of battery cells, and outputting the discharge control parameters as a prospective balance parameter set.
And performing discharge control on a plurality of discharge MOSFETs of a plurality of battery cells according to the prospective balance parameter set until the energy supplementing base point is reached.
Optionally, the historical battery pack data is stored in a management storage unit of the template battery pack, and the management storage unit comprises total capacity data and initial SOC data of a plurality of battery cells, wherein the total capacity data refers to the total capacity of the latest calibrated battery cell which can be charged from the discharge cut-off voltage to the charge cut-off voltage. The initial SOC data refers to the current state of charge of the battery cell.
Optionally, based on historical battery data and cell state information, calculating and acquiring an estimated charging curve set, firstly, calculating and acquiring the capacity to be charged of the cell, namely the amount of electricity required to be charged from the cell to full, based on total capacity data and initial SOC data in the historical battery data, then, calculating and acquiring the charging speed of the cell according to cell voltage information and cell current information in the cell state information, wherein the charging speed is expressed as the charge amount in unit time, and then, extracting a corresponding standard charging curve according to cell specification data, and carrying out terminal correction on the estimated charging curve set.
Specifically, the charging process of the battery core is mostly three-stage charging, including trickle charging (low-voltage pre-charging), constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging, after the voltage of the battery core reaches a preset voltage value, the constant-current charging is ended, the constant-voltage charging stage is started, and the charging speed is gradually reduced from the maximum value along with the continuous charging current of the charging process, so that the estimated charging curve which is not reduced in an ideal state needs to be corrected.
Exemplary embodiments. And selecting a standard charging curve (such as when the charging current is 0.3C) corresponding to the current charging rate, intercepting the standard charging curve based on initial SOC data, scaling and stretching the intercepted standard charging curve segment, and fitting a constant current charging stage in the standard charging curve segment and a constant current charging stage in the estimated charging curve by a least square method. And finally, replacing the end section of the estimated curve with the end section of the standard curve in the fitting result, thereby obtaining a corrected charging curve set.
Optionally, traversing the modified charging curve set to obtain a modified charging curve with the lowest slope, where the modified charging curve corresponds to the cell individual with the slowest charge in the target battery pack. And then, taking the end point of the modified charging curve with the lowest slope as an energy supplementing base point, wherein the energy supplementing base point represents a time node when the whole charging of the battery pack is completed. And then, aiming at the battery cell with the slowest charging speed, the real charging speed of other battery cells is adjusted by changing the passively balanced discharging speed, so that the charging speed is matched with the slowest battery cell. And finally, calculating the switching frequency and the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the required discharging rate, obtaining the discharging control parameters of the multiple battery cells, and outputting the discharging control parameters as a prospective balancing parameter set. The discharging control parameter is the switching frequency and the duty ratio of the PWM signal of the discharging MOSFET corresponding to the discharging rate of passive equalization.
Specifically, the slope of the constant current charging stage in the charging curve is corrected to be the actual charging speed of the battery cell, and the actual charging speed of the battery cell can be changed by increasing or decreasing the passively balanced discharging speed under the condition that the charging speed is fixed, so that all the battery cells reach the full-charge state at the same time when the slowest battery cell is full, and the balance and the charging efficiency of the battery pack are improved.
Through the steps, intelligent management of the battery pack based on the prospective balancing strategy can be realized, and all the battery cells can be ensured to reach a full-charge state simultaneously when the battery cells with the slowest charging speed are full. By adopting the prospective equalization strategy, the technical effect is that the discharge heat generation is more gentle during passive equalization, so that the temperature and the temperature management difficulty of the battery pack are reduced, and the service life and the charging speed of the battery pack are further improved.
Specifically, through accurate calculation and control discharge process, the heat generation that discharges can be more even and mild, has avoided the electric core to produce too much heat in discharge process for the temperature distribution of whole group battery is more even, thereby has reduced the local overheated phenomenon of electric core, can effectively reduce the ageing rate of electric core.
In addition, the prospective type averaging strategy also helps to reduce the burden of the temperature management system, and reduces the dependence on the cooling system, thereby simplifying the design and control of the temperature management. Meanwhile, at a lower and stable temperature, the battery pack can bear higher charging current without damaging the battery core, thereby being beneficial to improving the charging speed and reducing the charging time.
In some implementations, performing intelligent management of the target battery pack further includes:
and judging the real-time working condition of the target battery pack based on the battery cell state information.
And if the real-time working condition is that the target battery pack is charged, judging the charging operation faults based on the fault identification, if the judging result of the charging operation faults is that the charging faults exist, turning off the charging MOSFET, and if the charging faults do not exist, clearing the fault identification only appearing in the discharging operation state, and turning on the charging MOSFET.
And if the real-time working condition is that the target battery pack discharges, judging a discharging operation fault based on the fault identification, if the discharging operation fault judging result is that the discharging fault exists, turning off the discharging MOSFET, and if the discharging fault does not exist, clearing the fault identification only appearing in the charging operation state, and turning on the discharging MOSFET.
Optionally, the fault identifier includes a charge fault identifier and a discharge fault identifier, and the charge fault identifier includes overvoltage, equalization, overtemperature, overcurrent, and the discharge fault identifier includes undervoltage, low SOC, overtemperature, and overcurrent. The overcurrent in the charging fault identifier and the overcurrent in the discharging fault identifier have opposite signs, namely the current direction, namely the charging and discharging state, is represented by the positive value and the negative value of the current value.
Optionally, the real-time conditions of the target battery pack include a charging condition and a discharging condition.
Optionally, if the real-time working condition is charging of the target battery pack, judging a charging operation fault based on the fault identification, and if the judging result of the charging operation fault is that the charging fault exists, turning off the charging MOSFET, and stopping the charging operation. If the judging result of the charging operation fault is that the charging fault does not exist, eliminating fault identification only in the discharging operation state, avoiding error fault identification, opening a charging MOSFET and continuing the charging operation.
Optionally, if the real-time working condition is that the target battery pack discharges, performing discharging operation fault judgment based on the fault identification, and if the discharging operation fault judgment result is that the discharging fault exists, turning off a discharging MOSFET, and stopping discharging operation so as to perform fault diagnosis and treatment. Correspondingly, if the discharging operation fault judging result is that the discharging fault does not exist, the fault identification only appearing in the charging operation state is cleared, and the discharging MOSFET is turned on to continue the discharging operation.
Through the working condition judging and fault processing steps, the charging and discharging working conditions of the battery pack can be monitored in real time, corresponding MOSFETs are turned off in time when faults occur, damage to the battery pack caused by continuous operation due to the faults is avoided, and meanwhile the battery pack is beneficial to timely detecting and processing the faults and avoiding safety accidents. By eliminating unnecessary fault identification, the system is ensured not to trigger a fault processing mechanism by mistake in a normal running state, and the running efficiency of the system is improved.
In some implementations, the performing step of the system further includes:
and if the balance target set is the empty set, increasing the duty ratio of the charging MOSFET and improving the charging speed.
And if the balance target set is a non-empty set, the duty ratio of the charging MOSFET is reduced, and the charging speed is reduced.
Optionally, if the equalization target set is an empty set, it is indicated that the target battery pack does not currently have a full cell unit, that is, the voltages of all the cells are not in the equalization interval, and equalization operation is not required. And further, the charging current is increased by increasing the duty ratio, so that the charging speed is increased.
Optionally, if the equalization target set is a non-empty set, it indicates that at this time, the voltages of part of the cells are located in the equalization interval, and an equalization operation is required. The duty ratio of the charging MOSFET is correspondingly reduced, and the charging current is reduced by reducing the duty ratio, so that the charging speed is reduced, and the imbalance among the battery cells is prevented from being aggravated.
Optionally, the upper limit of the duty cycle of the charge MOSFET is calculated based on the maximum discharge rate of the discharge resistor or the discharge circuit in parallel with the cell, the upper limit of the duty cycle of the charge MOSFET being used to control the charge rate to be no greater than the maximum discharge rate of the passive equalization circuit, thereby ensuring an efficient implementation of passive equalization.
According to the method, the duty ratio of the charging MOSFET is adjusted according to the state of the equalization target set, so that the charging speed is increased when equalization is not needed, the charging speed is reduced when equalization is needed, more time is given to the equalization process, and voltage equalization among the battery cells is effectively realized, so that dynamic optimization of the charging process is realized.
In summary, the intelligent battery management system based on passive equalization provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
The method comprises the steps of acquiring battery cell state information of a target battery pack in real time, acquiring battery cell state information comprising battery cell voltage information, battery cell current information and battery cell temperature information, acquiring battery cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, configuring an equalization interval comprising equalization trigger voltage and equalization cut-off voltage according to the battery cell characteristic data, interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, combining the battery cell temperature information, calling an adaptive strategy to perform strategy distribution, wherein the adaptive strategy comprises a look-ahead equalization strategy and a trigger equalization strategy, and based on an adaptive strategy distribution result, performing intelligent management of the target battery pack according to the battery cell state information and combining the equalization interval, so that smooth passive equalization heat production is realized, and the technical effect of heat control difficulty is reduced.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the intelligent battery management method based on passive equalization. For example, the intelligent battery management method based on passive equalization as shown in fig. 2 can be applied to the structure of the intelligent battery management system based on passive equalization in fig. 1.
Based on the same conception as the intelligent battery management system based on passive equalization in the embodiment, the intelligent battery management method based on passive equalization provided by the invention further comprises the following steps:
And acquiring and obtaining the battery cell state information of the target battery pack in real time, wherein the battery cell state information comprises battery cell voltage information, battery cell current information and battery cell temperature information.
And acquiring the cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, and configuring an equalization interval comprising an equalization trigger voltage and an equalization cut-off voltage according to the cell characteristic data.
And interactively acquiring temperature rise information of the target battery pack, and calling a self-adaptive strategy to perform strategy allocation by combining the battery cell temperature information, wherein the self-adaptive strategy comprises a prospective type balance strategy and a trigger type balance strategy.
And based on the self-adaptive strategy distribution result, according to the cell state information, combining the equalization interval to perform intelligent management of the target battery pack.
The method for acquiring the cell characteristic data of the target battery pack, and configuring the equalization interval according to the cell characteristic data comprises the following steps:
And acquiring cell specification data of the target battery pack, and extracting cell characteristic data, wherein the cell characteristic data at least comprises discharge cut-off voltage, charge cut-off voltage and highest withstand voltage.
And configuring the balanced cut-off voltage according to the charging cut-off voltage.
And configuring the balanced trigger voltage based on the highest withstand voltage in combination with a safety limit of a target battery pack, wherein the balanced trigger voltage is smaller than the highest withstand voltage.
And taking the equalization trigger voltage as an upper limit of a section, and taking the equalization cut-off voltage as a lower limit of the section, and configuring an equalization section.
Further, based on the self-adaptive policy allocation result, according to the cell state information, in combination with the equalization interval, intelligent management of the target battery pack is performed, including:
And if the self-adaptive strategy distribution result is the trigger type equalization strategy, carrying out equalization triggering judgment by combining the equalization interval based on the cell voltage information, marking a cell with the cell voltage larger than the equalization triggering voltage as a cell to be equalized, and obtaining an equalization target set.
And controlling the discharge MOSFET corresponding to the battery cell to be balanced to perform discharge control based on the balance target set, wherein the discharge MOSFET is connected with a discharge resistor in parallel after being connected with the battery cell in series.
And continuously monitoring and collecting the voltage value of the battery cell of the target battery pack, and if the voltage value of the battery cell is smaller than the balanced cut-off voltage, disconnecting the discharge MOSFET of the corresponding battery cell.
And continuously monitoring and collecting a plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, acquiring updated battery cell state information, and performing iterative equalization triggering judgment based on the updated battery cell state information until the equalization target set is the whole set of the plurality of battery cells of the target battery pack, and switching off the charging MOSFET.
Further, based on the self-adaptive policy allocation result, according to the cell state information, in combination with the equalization interval, intelligent management of the target battery pack is performed, and the method further includes:
and if the self-adaptive strategy distribution result is the prospective balance strategy, interactively acquiring historical battery pack data, wherein the historical battery pack data comprises total capacity data and initial SOC data of a plurality of battery cells.
And calculating and acquiring a predicted charging curve set based on the historical battery pack data and the cell state information.
And extracting a standard charging curve based on the cell specification data, and carrying out end correction on the estimated charging curve set according to the standard charging curve to obtain a corrected charging curve set.
And traversing the corrected charging curve set, taking the end point of the corrected charging curve with the lowest slope as an energy supplementing base point, calculating and obtaining discharge control parameters of a plurality of battery cells, and outputting the discharge control parameters as a prospective balance parameter set.
And performing discharge control on a plurality of discharge MOSFETs of a plurality of battery cells according to the prospective balance parameter set until the energy supplementing base point is reached.
Further, the temperature rise information of the target battery pack is obtained interactively, and the self-adaptive strategy is called to carry out strategy allocation by combining the battery cell temperature information, and the execution steps comprise:
And configuring strategy allocation constraint, wherein the strategy allocation constraint comprises temperature constraint and temperature rise constraint.
And carrying out threshold judgment on the battery cell temperature information based on the temperature constraint to acquire a first judgment result.
And carrying out threshold judgment on the temperature rise information based on the temperature rise constraint to acquire a second judgment result.
Outputting the prospective equalization strategy as the adaptive strategy allocation result if any one of the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result is not satisfied, and outputting the trigger equalization strategy as the adaptive strategy allocation result if both the first discrimination result and the second discrimination result are satisfied.
Further, performing intelligent management of the target battery pack, and performing the method further includes:
and judging the real-time working condition of the target battery pack based on the battery cell state information.
And if the real-time working condition is that the target battery pack is charged, judging the charging operation faults based on the fault identification, if the judging result of the charging operation faults is that the charging faults exist, turning off the charging MOSFET, and if the charging faults do not exist, clearing the fault identification only appearing in the discharging operation state, and turning on the charging MOSFET.
And if the real-time working condition is that the target battery pack discharges, judging a discharging operation fault based on the fault identification, if the discharging operation fault judging result is that the discharging fault exists, turning off the discharging MOSFET, and if the discharging fault does not exist, clearing the fault identification only appearing in the charging operation state, and turning on the discharging MOSFET.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of:
and if the balance target set is the empty set, increasing the duty ratio of the charging MOSFET and improving the charging speed.
And if the balance target set is a non-empty set, the duty ratio of the charging MOSFET is reduced, and the charging speed is reduced.
It should be understood that the embodiments mentioned in this specification focus on differences from other embodiments, and the specific embodiments in the first embodiment described above are equally applicable to the intelligent battery management method based on passive equalization described in the second embodiment, and are not further developed herein for brevity of description.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing description and the embodiments of the present invention enable one skilled in the art to utilize the present invention. Meanwhile, the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments or substitute some technical features thereof, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, and all the modifications or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the invention.
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| CN116365669A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-30 | 钛玛科（北京）工业科技有限公司 | Network management optimization method and system for lithium battery |
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