CN118738429A - A hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The hydrophilic microporous layer is located between a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer of a membrane electrode, and the hydrophilic microporous layer comprises a basic carbon material and a hydrophilic polymer. The preparation method comprises adding a basic carbon material, ethanol, ultrapure water and a hydrophilic polymer into a beaker; firstly mixing and dispersing, then performing high pressure homogenization dispersion, and finally fully stirring and dispersing to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry; coating the hydrophilic microporous layer slurry on the cathode catalyst layer, or coating on the hydrophobic microporous layer of the cathode gas diffusion layer; drying the coated slurry to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The present invention can prevent the catalyst layer from being flooded, effectively reduce the contact resistance between the microporous layer and the catalyst layer and reduce the material transmission resistance inside the electrode, thereby increasing the three-phase reaction interface and improving the performance of the single cell.

Description

A hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode and a preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.

Background Art

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Water is its only byproduct, so it is considered an environmentally friendly energy conversion technology.

As a clean energy conversion technology, proton exchange membrane fuel cells play an important role in promoting energy structure transformation and achieving emission reduction. With the continuous development and progress of technology, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are developing towards high performance (high power density or high current density), low cost (low platinum loading), and long life. The membrane electrode is the core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. As the place where the electrochemical reaction occurs, the membrane electrode plays a vital role in the fuel cell, and its characteristics directly determine the overall performance of the fuel cell. Therefore, improving the performance and life of the membrane electrode has become the most urgent problem to be solved today.

The membrane electrode is mainly composed of a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a cathode and anode catalyst layer (CL) and a proton exchange membrane (PEM). In the traditional membrane electrode structure, the catalyst layer is made on the proton exchange membrane, sandwiched between two gas diffusion layers, and is usually treated with a hydrophobic material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) to remove product water from the cathode side of the fuel cell. In addition, a microporous layer (MPL) composed of a mixture of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene binder is usually applied to the GDL substrate to better remove water from the catalyst layer.

At present, the hydrophobicity of the microporous layer is generally considered to be the key to water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and a lot of research has been done on the hydrophobicity of the microporous layer. However, since the cathode catalyst layer is only a very thin layer, only one percent of the microporous layer, it is very easy to cause water flooding in the catalyst layer, especially under high current density, which increases the gas transmission resistance in the catalyst layer, prevents the gas from contacting the catalyst, and cannot form a three-phase interface, resulting in a series of problems such as reduced battery performance.

Summary of the invention

To this end, the present invention provides a hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, which can discharge water in the catalyst layer of the membrane electrode into the hydrophilic microporous layer, thereby preventing the catalyst layer from being flooded with water, effectively reducing the internal resistance between the catalyst layer and the microporous layer and reducing the material transfer resistance inside the electrode, thereby increasing the three-phase reaction interface and improving the performance of the single cell.

To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, wherein the hydrophilic microporous layer is located between the cathode catalyst layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode, and the hydrophilic microporous layer comprises a basic carbon material and a hydrophilic polymer.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer, comprising:

Add the base carbon material, ethanol, ultrapure water, and hydrophilic polymer into a beaker;

First, mix and disperse, then high-pressure homogenize and disperse at a pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally fully stir and disperse to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry;

The hydrophilic microporous layer slurry is coated on the cathode catalyst layer or on the hydrophobic microporous layer of the cathode gas diffusion layer by using ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating;

The coated slurry is dried to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the base carbon material comprises a linear carbon material or a porous carbon material, including one or more of single-arm carbon nanotubes, multi-arm carbon nanotubes, VGCF-H, CF-X, Vulcan XC-72R, and 24PS.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophilic polymer includes any one of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

In one embodiment of the present invention, by mass fraction, the basic carbon material is added in an amount of 5% to 10%, the ethanol is added in an amount of 38% to 45%, the ultrapure water is added in an amount of 38% to 45%, and the hydrophilic polymer is added in an amount of 5% to 10%.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising:

Add the catalyst, ultrapure water, n-propanol and perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution into a beaker respectively;

First, mix and disperse, then perform high-pressure homogenization dispersion at a pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally stir thoroughly to form a uniform catalyst slurry;

The catalyst slurry is coated on one side of the proton exchange membrane by using ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating;

Drying the coated slurry to obtain a cathode catalyst layer;

The catalyst slurry is coated on the other side of the proton exchange membrane or the PTFE substrate by ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating. When coated on the PTFE substrate, the anode catalyst layer is transferred to the back side of the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer, and the anode catalyst layer is obtained after drying, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM (catalyst layer coated membrane) including the anode catalyst layer, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode catalyst layer is obtained;

preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer;

The CCM coated with a hydrophilic microporous layer is sealed on the anode frame and the cathode frame, and the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are respectively attached to the anode frame and the cathode frame to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when the anode catalyst layer is transferred to the back of the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer, the transfer temperature is 120-180° C., the transfer pressure is 1000-1500 kg, and the time is 3-5 min.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a platinum loading of 50% to 70%, or a platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 40% to 50%, or a ternary alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 30% to 50%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is one or more of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

The hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode and its preparation method described in the present invention can improve gas transfer and electrical conductivity. The hydrophilic microporous layer has good electrical conductivity and acts as a leveling layer for gas transfer, thereby optimizing gas distribution and reducing the resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer.

The preparation steps of the hydrophilic microporous layer of the present invention are concise and easy to operate, suitable for large-scale production, and ensure product consistency and efficient manufacturing.

The hydrophilic microporous layer of the present invention and the hydrophobic microporous layer in the gas diffusion layer form a hydrophilic and hydrophobic gradient microporous layer structure, which has excellent water management capabilities, effectively avoids the flooding problem of the cathode catalyst layer, and improves the stability and performance of the battery.

The hydrophilic microporous layer of the present invention significantly reduces the material transport resistance inside the electrode, increases the three-phase interface inside the electrode, and improves the utilization rate of the precious metal platinum in the catalytic layer, thereby significantly improving the overall performance of the battery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a membrane electrode structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell having a hydrophilic microporous layer.

FIG. 2 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 4 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 3 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 5 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2.

FIG. 4 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 6 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 7 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

A hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided. The hydrophilic microporous layer is located between a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode. The hydrophilic microporous layer comprises a basic carbon material and a hydrophilic polymer.

Wherein, the basic carbon material includes linear carbon material or porous carbon material, including one or more of single-arm carbon nanotubes, multi-arm carbon nanotubes, VGCF-H (carbon fiber), CF-X (carbon fiber), Vulcan XC-72R (carbon black), and 24PS (carbon black); the hydrophilic polymer includes any one of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

Through the above arrangement, water in the catalyst layer can be discharged to the hydrophilic microporous layer, thus preventing the catalyst layer from being flooded, effectively reducing the material transport resistance inside the electrode, thereby increasing the three-phase reaction interface and improving the performance of the single cell.

It should be understood that, as shown in Figure 1, the above-mentioned proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode includes an anode gas diffusion layer 1, an anode catalyst layer 3, a proton exchange membrane 4, a cathode catalyst layer 5, a hydrophilic microporous layer 6 and a cathode gas diffusion layer 8, and is packaged by an anode frame 2 and a cathode frame 7.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a method for preparing the hydrophilic microporous layer in Embodiment 1, comprising:

S1. Add the basic carbon material, ethanol, ultrapure water and hydrophilic polymer into a beaker;

S2, first mix and disperse, then high pressure homogenize and disperse under a pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally fully stir and disperse to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry;

S3, using ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating to coat the hydrophilic microporous layer slurry on the cathode catalyst layer, or on the hydrophobic microporous layer of the cathode gas diffusion layer;

S4, drying the coated slurry to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

By coating the hydrophilic microporous layer on the surface of the cathode catalyst layer or on the surface of the hydrophobic microporous layer of the cathode gas diffusion layer, a hydrophilic and hydrophobic gradient microporous layer is formed with the hydrophobic microporous layer of the gas diffusion layer, and a hydrophilic and hydrophobic gradient microporous layer is formed with the microporous layer on the GDL. The hydrophilic microporous layer structure has good water management capabilities to avoid flooding of the cathode catalyst layer, effectively reduce the material transfer resistance inside the electrode, thereby improving the discharge performance of the battery and optimizing the low-humidity working performance of the membrane electrode.

Specifically, in step S1, the base carbon material includes linear carbon material or porous carbon material, including one or more of single-arm carbon nanotubes, multi-arm carbon nanotubes, VGCF-H (carbon fiber), CF-X (carbon fiber), Vulcan XC-72R (carbon black), and 24PS (carbon black).

Specifically, in step S1, the hydrophilic polymer includes any one of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

Specifically, in step S1, by mass fraction, the amount of the basic carbon material added is 5% to 10%, the amount of the ethanol added is 38% to 45%, the amount of the ultrapure water added is 38% to 45%, and the amount of the hydrophilic polymer added is 5% to 10%.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising:

S1. Add the catalyst, ultrapure water, n-propanol and perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution into a beaker respectively;

S2, first mix and disperse, then perform high-pressure homogenization dispersion at a pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally fully stir to form a uniform catalyst slurry;

S3, using ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating to coat the catalyst slurry on one side of the proton exchange membrane; drying the coated slurry to obtain a cathode catalyst layer;

S4, also using ultrasonic spraying, wire rod coating or slit coating method, the catalyst slurry is coated on the other side of the proton exchange membrane or the PTFE substrate, when coated on the PTFE substrate, the anode catalyst layer is transferred to the back side of the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer, and the anode catalyst layer is obtained after drying, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM including the anode catalyst layer, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode catalyst layer is obtained;

S5. Prepare a hydrophilic microporous layer according to the method of Example 2;

S6. Seal the CCM catalyst layer coated with the hydrophilic microporous layer onto the anode frame and the cathode frame, and respectively attach the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer onto the anode frame and the cathode frame to form a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

Specifically, in step S4, when the anode catalyst layer is transferred to the back side of the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer, the transfer temperature is 120-180° C., the transfer pressure is 1000-1500 kg, and the time is 3-5 min.

Specifically, in step S1, the catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a platinum loading of 50% to 70%, or a platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 40% to 50%, or a ternary alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 30% to 50%.

Specifically, in step S1, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution is one or more of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

Example 4

A method for preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. The slurry is directly coated on the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane by slit coating, and dried to obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Weigh 10g of Vulcan XC-72R carbon powder and place it in a beaker. Add 60g of ultrapure water, 60g of ethanol, and 40g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry.

S4. Apply the slurry onto the prepared cathode catalyst layer by slit coating to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

S5. Seal the frame of the CCM (catalytic coated membrane) coated with the hydrophilic microporous layer, attach the GDL (gas diffusion layer) to encapsulate it into MEA (membrane electrode assembly), put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80°C and a humidity of 20%. The performance curve is shown in Figure 2.

Example 5

A method for preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. Use a wire rod to apply the slurry directly to the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane, dry it, and obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Weigh 10g of Vulcan XC-72R carbon powder and place it in a beaker. Add 60g of ultrapure water, 60g of ethanol, and 40g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry.

S4. Spray the slurry onto the prepared cathode catalyst layer by ultrasonic spraying to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

S5. Seal the frame of the CCM coated with the hydrophilic microporous layer, attach the GDL to package it into MEA, put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 50%. The performance curve is shown in FIG3 .

Example 6

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. Use a wire rod to apply the slurry directly to the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane, dry it, and obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Weigh 10g of Vulcan XC-72R carbon powder and place it in a beaker. Add 60g of ultrapure water, 60g of ethanol, and 80g of high oxygen permeability resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry.

S4. Apply the slurry onto the prepared cathode catalyst layer by wire rod coating to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of the membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

S5. Seal the frame of the CCM coated with the hydrophilic microporous layer, attach the GDL to package it into MEA, put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 20%. The performance curve is shown in FIG4 .

Example 7

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. The slurry is directly coated on the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane by slit coating, and dried to obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Weigh 10g of Vulcan XC-72R carbon powder and place it in a beaker. Add 60g of ultrapure water, 60g of ethanol, and 80g of high oxygen permeability resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a hydrophilic microporous layer slurry.

S4. Apply the slurry onto the prepared cathode catalyst layer by ultrasonic spraying to obtain a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

S5. Seal the frame of the CCM coated with the hydrophilic microporous layer, attach the GDL to package it into MEA, put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 50%. The performance curve is shown in FIG5 .

Comparative Example 1

A method for preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. The slurry is directly coated on the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane by slit coating, and dried to obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Seal the frame of the CCM, attach the GDL to package it into MEA, put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80°C and a humidity of 20%.

Comparative Example 2

A method for preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising the following steps:

S1. Weigh 10 g of Pt/C catalyst and place it in a beaker. Add 60 g of ultrapure water, 15 g of n-propanol, and 20 g of D2020 resin solution. Stir and mix to disperse first, then homogenize and disperse under a high pressure of 20,000 psi, and finally stir and disperse thoroughly to form a catalyst slurry.

S2. Use a wire rod to apply the slurry directly to the front and back surfaces of a 60 mm*60 mm proton exchange membrane, dry it, and obtain a proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM.

S3. Seal the frame of the CCM, attach the GDL to package it into MEA, put it into the battery fixture, and conduct a performance test control test at a temperature of 80°C and a humidity of 50%.

Figure 2 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode prepared in Example 4 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 under the test conditions of 80°C and 20%RH. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the technical solution in Example 4 of the present invention is to use D2020 resin solution as the hydrophilic polymer of the hydrophilic microporous layer, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the membrane electrode under low humidity conditions and improve the membrane electrode performance compared with no hydrophilic microporous layer.

Figure 3 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode prepared in Example 5 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2 under the test conditions of 80°C and 50%RH. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the technical solution in Example 5 of the present invention is to use D2020 resin solution as the hydrophilic polymer of the hydrophilic microporous layer, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the membrane electrode and improve the performance of the membrane electrode compared with the one without a hydrophilic microporous layer.

Figure 4 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 6 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 under test conditions of 80°C and 20%RH. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the technical solution in Example 6 of the present invention uses a high oxygen permeability resin as the hydrophilic polymer of the hydrophilic microporous layer, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the membrane electrode under low humidity conditions and improve the membrane electrode performance compared to a membrane without a hydrophilic microporous layer.

Figure 5 is a performance comparison of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrodes prepared in Example 7 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2 under the test conditions of 80°C and 20%RH. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the technical solution in Example 7 of the present invention uses a high oxygen permeability resin as the hydrophilic polymer of the hydrophilic microporous layer, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the membrane electrode and improve the membrane electrode performance compared with a membrane without a hydrophilic microporous layer.

Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrophilic microporous layer of a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the hydrophilic microporous layer is positioned between a cathode catalytic layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode, and the hydrophilic microporous layer comprises a base carbon material and a hydrophilic polymer.

2. The hydrophilic microporous layer according to claim 1, wherein the base carbon material comprises a linear carbon material or a porous carbon material comprising one or more of single-arm carbon nanotubes, multi-arm carbon nanotubes, VGCF-H, CF-X, vulcan XC-72R, 24 PS; the hydrophilic polymer comprises any one of a D2020 resin solution, a high oxygen permeable resin solution, a Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution and a Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

3. A method of making the hydrophilic microporous layer of claim 1, comprising:

Adding a base carbon material, ethanol, ultrapure water and a hydrophilic polymer into a beaker;

Firstly, mixing and dispersing, then, homogenizing and dispersing under high pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally, fully stirring and dispersing to form hydrophilic microporous layer slurry;

coating the hydrophilic microporous layer slurry on the cathode catalytic layer or the hydrophobic microporous layer of the cathode gas diffusion layer by using an ultrasonic spraying, bar blade coating or slit coating method;

and (3) drying the coated slurry to obtain the hydrophilic microporous layer of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the base carbon material comprises a linear carbon material or a porous carbon material, and comprises one or more of single-arm carbon nanotubes, multi-arm carbon nanotubes, VGCF-H, CF-X, vulcan XC-72R, and 24 PS.

5. The method of producing a hydrophilic microporous layer according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the hydrophilic polymer comprises any one of a D2020 resin solution, a high oxygen permeable resin solution, an Aquivion D72-25BS resin solution, and an Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.

6. The hydrophilic microporous layer of the membrane electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the preparation method of the hydrophilic microporous layer are characterized in that the addition amount of the basic carbon material is 5% -10% by mass fraction, the addition amount of the ethanol is 38% -45%, the addition amount of the ultrapure water is 38% -45% and the addition amount of the hydrophilic polymer is 5% -10%.

7. A method for preparing a membrane electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

adding the catalyst, ultrapure water, n-propanol and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution into a beaker respectively;

Firstly, mixing and dispersing, then, carrying out high-pressure homogenizing and dispersing under the pressure of 8000-30000 psi, and finally, fully stirring to form uniform catalyst slurry;

Coating the catalyst slurry on one surface of a proton exchange membrane by using an ultrasonic spraying, bar blade coating or slit coating method;

drying the coated slurry to obtain a cathode catalytic layer;

The catalyst sizing agent is coated on the other surface of the proton exchange membrane or the PTFE substrate by using an ultrasonic spraying method, a bar blade coating method or a slit coating method, when the catalyst sizing agent is coated on the PTFE substrate, the anode catalytic layer is transferred to the back surface of the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer printing, and the anode catalytic layer is obtained after drying, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell CCM comprising the anode catalytic layer, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode catalytic layer is obtained;

Preparing a hydrophilic microporous layer according to the method of claim 3;

And sealing the anode frame and the cathode frame on the CCM, and correspondingly attaching the anode gas diffusion layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer to the anode frame and the cathode frame respectively to form the membrane electrode of the PEM fuel cell.

8. The hydrophilic microporous layer of the membrane electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the preparation method of the hydrophilic microporous layer are characterized in that when the anode catalytic layer is transferred to the back surface of the proton exchange membrane through thermal transfer, the transfer temperature is 120-180 ℃, the transfer pressure is 1000-1500 kg, and the time is 3-5 min.

9. The hydrophilic microporous layer of the membrane electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the preparation method of the hydrophilic microporous layer are characterized in that,

The catalyst is a platinum-carbon catalyst with a platinum loading of 50% -70%, or a platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 40% -50%, or a ternary alloy catalyst with a platinum loading of 30% -50%.

10. The hydrophilic microporous layer of the membrane electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the preparation method of the hydrophilic microporous layer are characterized in that,

The perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution is one or more of D2020 resin solution, high oxygen permeability resin solution, aquivion D72-25BS resin solution and Aquivion D79-25BS resin solution.