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CN118726712A - A tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron - Google Patents

A tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118726712A
CN118726712A CN202410946201.4A CN202410946201A CN118726712A CN 118726712 A CN118726712 A CN 118726712A CN 202410946201 A CN202410946201 A CN 202410946201A CN 118726712 A CN118726712 A CN 118726712A
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percent
cast iron
chromium cast
temperature
iron
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宁晋昆
许晓嫦
宁晋奎
宁兆祥
石润坤
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Jishou Changtan Pump Co ltd
Central South University
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Jishou Changtan Pump Co ltd
Central South University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高高铬铸铁抗氧化性能的组织调配工艺,通过特定配方组成,结合多次循环热处理对高铬铸铁进行组织调配,使得高铬铸铁的组织类型由块状铁素体+网状渗碳体或块状奥氏体+网状渗碳体转变为珠光体+少量渗碳体。本发明尽可能多地生成细小且稳定的珠光体组织,提高基体相中Cr扩散的速度,并提高氧化膜与基体的粘附性。尤其高铬铸铁的铸态组织为奥氏体时,奥氏体向铁素体的转变能大大提高Cr在基体相中的扩散速度,从而提高高铬铸铁的抗高温氧化性能,并改善力学性能,可适应高温环境的工况现状。本发明所制备的高铬铸铁抗高温氧化性能大幅度提高,同时硬度略有提高。

The present invention discloses a tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron. The high chromium cast iron is prepared by a specific formula and multiple cycles of heat treatment, so that the tissue type of the high chromium cast iron is changed from blocky ferrite + network cementite or blocky austenite + network cementite to pearlite + a small amount of cementite. The present invention generates as much fine and stable pearlite structure as possible, increases the diffusion rate of Cr in the matrix phase, and improves the adhesion of the oxide film to the matrix. In particular, when the as-cast structure of the high chromium cast iron is austenite, the transformation of austenite to ferrite can greatly increase the diffusion rate of Cr in the matrix phase, thereby improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the high chromium cast iron, and improving the mechanical properties, which can adapt to the current working conditions of high-temperature environments. The high-chromium cast iron prepared by the present invention has greatly improved high-temperature oxidation resistance, and the hardness is slightly improved.

Description

一种提高高铬铸铁抗氧化性能的组织调配工艺A tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及一种提高高铬铸铁抗氧化性能的组织调配工艺。属于高铬铸铁的热处理技术领域。The invention relates to a tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron, and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of high chromium cast iron.

背景技术Background Art

高温条件下,Cr会在高铬铸铁表面生成致密的Cr2O3,也会与Fe、O形成致密的具有尖晶石结构的FeCr2O4,因此高铬铸铁被广泛应用于高温环境中服役,如烧结机篦条、耐火模具、热轧轧辊等部件的生产都会使用高铬铸铁。要保证高铬铸铁具有好的抗高温氧化性能,需要高铬铸铁的表面在高温环境下快速生成结构致密且与基体结合性好的氧化膜,合金化处理通常能有效提高高铬铸铁的抗氧化性能。高铬铸铁中用于形成氧化膜的Cr主要有两个来源,一个是组织中碳化物的分解生成的Cr,另一个是基体相中固溶的Cr。当环境温度低于碳化物的分解温度时,Cr主要来源于基体相中Cr的扩散,Cr扩散至表面的速度越快,形成氧化膜的速度就会越快;当温度高于碳化物的分解温度时,氧化初期Cr主要来源于碳化物的分解,但当表层的碳化物分解完后,基体相中固溶的Cr又会成为氧化膜中Cr的主要来源,直至氧化腐蚀导致深层的碳化物再暴露之后,碳化物的分解又成为了Cr的主要来源。Under high temperature conditions, Cr will generate dense Cr 2 O 3 on the surface of high chromium cast iron, and will also form dense FeCr 2 O 4 with spinel structure with Fe and O. Therefore, high chromium cast iron is widely used in high temperature environment. For example, high chromium cast iron is used in the production of sintering machine grates, refractory molds, hot rolling rolls and other parts. To ensure that high chromium cast iron has good high temperature oxidation resistance, it is necessary to quickly generate a dense oxide film with good bonding with the matrix on the surface of high chromium cast iron under high temperature environment. Alloying treatment can usually effectively improve the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron. There are two main sources of Cr used to form oxide film in high chromium cast iron. One is the Cr generated by the decomposition of carbides in the structure, and the other is the Cr dissolved in the matrix phase. When the ambient temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of carbides, Cr mainly comes from the diffusion of Cr in the matrix phase. The faster Cr diffuses to the surface, the faster the oxide film is formed. When the temperature is higher than the decomposition temperature of carbides, Cr mainly comes from the decomposition of carbides in the initial oxidation stage. However, after the carbides on the surface are decomposed, the Cr dissolved in the matrix phase will become the main source of Cr in the oxide film. Until the deep carbides are exposed again due to oxidative corrosion, the decomposition of carbides becomes the main source of Cr again.

提高高铬铸铁的抗氧化性能,主要可以从提高Cr的扩散速度、提高氧化膜与基体的粘附性、提高氧化膜的致密度等方面入手。从组织角度分析,当基体相的种类从奥氏体转变为铁素体时,Cr在基体相中的扩散速度会提高;当组织中有较多碳化物时,能够更快在高温下获得较高含量的Cr;当碳化物的分布更加均匀时(如网状形貌转变为层片状或粒状),氧化膜与基体相的粘附部位会更均匀。因此,当高铬铸铁的奥氏体、铁素体基体能够转变为珠光体组织的话,高铬铸铁能够有更好的抗高温氧化性能。To improve the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron, we can mainly start from increasing the diffusion rate of Cr, improving the adhesion of the oxide film to the matrix, and improving the density of the oxide film. From the perspective of organization, when the type of matrix phase changes from austenite to ferrite, the diffusion rate of Cr in the matrix phase will increase; when there are more carbides in the organization, a higher content of Cr can be obtained faster at high temperature; when the distribution of carbides is more uniform (such as the network morphology changes to lamellar or granular), the adhesion of the oxide film to the matrix phase will be more uniform. Therefore, when the austenite and ferrite matrix of high chromium cast iron can be transformed into pearlite organization, high chromium cast iron can have better high temperature oxidation resistance.

目前常用于提高高铬铸铁性能的方法有合金化以及热处理。Currently, alloying and heat treatment are commonly used methods to improve the performance of high chromium cast iron.

专利申请CN101460641A公开了在高温下具有良好氧化稳定性的铸铁合金,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳2.8~3.6%、硅2.0~3.0%、铝2.5~4.3%、镍0~1.0%、钼0~0.8%、锰0~0.3%、铈0.002~0.1%、镁0.023~0.06%、硫0~0.01%,其余为铁。特征在于复合添加了镍、钼。Patent application CN101460641A discloses a cast iron alloy with good oxidation stability at high temperature, wherein the composition and content of each element by weight percentage are: carbon 2.8-3.6%, silicon 2.0-3.0%, aluminum 2.5-4.3%, nickel 0-1.0%, molybdenum 0-0.8%, manganese 0-0.3%, cerium 0.002-0.1%, magnesium 0.023-0.06%, sulfur 0-0.01%, and the rest is iron. The characteristic is that nickel and molybdenum are added in combination.

专利申请CN107090565A公开了耐高温耐磨铸铁及其铸造方法,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳3.4~4.1%、硅3.0~3.7%、铍2.6~3.4%、铜2.3~2.9%、镍1.8~2.5%、铬1.4~2.1%、钛1.0~1.6%、磷0.7~1.3%、锰0.1~0.4%、硫0.01~0.05%,其余为铁。特征在于添加了铍、铜。Patent application CN107090565A discloses high temperature wear-resistant cast iron and its casting method, wherein the weight percentage composition and content of each element are: carbon 3.4-4.1%, silicon 3.0-3.7%, beryllium 2.6-3.4%, copper 2.3-2.9%, nickel 1.8-2.5%, chromium 1.4-2.1%, titanium 1.0-1.6%, phosphorus 0.7-1.3%, manganese 0.1-0.4%, sulfur 0.01-0.05%, and the rest is iron. It is characterized in that beryllium and copper are added.

专利申请CN101748335A公开了一种不含镍烧结机炉蓖条材料及其制造方法,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳1.2~2.0%、硅1.5~2.5%、锰1.5~2.5%、硫0~0.06%、磷0~0.06%、铬11~20%、钼0.3~0.8%、铌0.02~0.03%、钛0.02~0.03%、变质剂0.05~0.2%,其余为铁。特征在于对高铬铸铁进行变质处理,变质剂由稀土:钒:钛按重量比例1:1:1配制。Patent application CN101748335A discloses a nickel-free sintering machine grate material and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the weight percentage composition and content of each element are: carbon 1.2-2.0%, silicon 1.5-2.5%, manganese 1.5-2.5%, sulfur 0-0.06%, phosphorus 0-0.06%, chromium 11-20%, molybdenum 0.3-0.8%, niobium 0.02-0.03%, titanium 0.02-0.03%, modifier 0.05-0.2%, and the rest is iron. It is characterized in that high chromium cast iron is subjected to a modification treatment, and the modifier is prepared by rare earth: vanadium: titanium in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.

以上专利技术的方法特征主要为添加合金化元素或变质剂来提高材料性能。在高铬铸铁中方添加Ni、Mo、Be、Cu等元素或变质剂后,高铬铸铁的韧性和硬度会提高。Ni、Mo、Be、Cu等元素的作用主要是与Fe、Cr、Al等合金元素形成比Cr2O3以及FeCr2O4更致密的氧化膜,从而提高耐高温氧化作用;含稀土变质剂的作用除了稀土元素参与形成致密氧化膜以外,还能够细化晶粒从而提高Cr的扩散速度。但总体而言,对于较为严苛的服役环境,上述合金元素或变质剂的添加对高温环境下抗高温氧化性能会有所提高但作用不大,且Ni、Mo、稀土资源的价格比较昂贵,会大幅提高生产成本,反而不利于提高经济效益。The method characteristics of the above patented technology are mainly to add alloying elements or modifiers to improve material properties. After adding elements such as Ni, Mo, Be, Cu or modifiers to high-chromium cast iron, the toughness and hardness of high-chromium cast iron will be improved. The role of elements such as Ni, Mo, Be, Cu, etc. is mainly to form a denser oxide film than Cr 2 O 3 and FeCr 2 O 4 with alloying elements such as Fe, Cr, Al, thereby improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance; the role of rare earth modifiers is not only the rare earth elements participating in the formation of a dense oxide film, but also to refine the grains and increase the diffusion rate of Cr. But in general, for more severe service environments, the addition of the above alloying elements or modifiers will improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance in high-temperature environments, but the effect is not great, and the prices of Ni, Mo, and rare earth resources are relatively expensive, which will greatly increase the production cost, but is not conducive to improving economic benefits.

专利申请CN114990412A公开了一种高铬铸铁耐磨材料及生产工艺,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳3~5%、硅2~4%、锰1~2%、铬25~30%、镍2~3%、钼0.5~1.5%、铜1~3%、硼0.5~1%、铼0.1~0.5%、钨1~1.5%、钛0.5~1.5%、钒0.1~0.3%、磷0.1~0.2%、硫0.1~0.2%、铌0.1~0.2%,其余为铁。铸造后热处理工艺为退火+淬火+回火热处理,先将铸件升温至700~800℃保温2~3h,进行退火处理;之后再次升温淬火,淬火温度为1050℃,保温2h后空冷;回火处理2h后出炉空冷。该专利技术获得了基体相为马氏体的高铬铸铁,提高了高铬铸铁的耐磨性能。Patent application CN114990412A discloses a high chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and production process, the weight percentage composition and content of each element are: carbon 3-5%, silicon 2-4%, manganese 1-2%, chromium 25-30%, nickel 2-3%, molybdenum 0.5-1.5%, copper 1-3%, boron 0.5-1%, rhenium 0.1-0.5%, tungsten 1-1.5%, titanium 0.5-1.5%, vanadium 0.1-0.3%, phosphorus 0.1-0.2%, sulfur 0.1-0.2%, niobium 0.1-0.2%, the rest is iron. The post-casting heat treatment process is annealing + quenching + tempering heat treatment, first the casting is heated to 700-800℃ and kept for 2-3h, and then annealing treatment is carried out; then the temperature is raised again for quenching, the quenching temperature is 1050℃, kept for 2h and then air-cooled; tempering treatment is carried out for 2h and then taken out of the furnace and air-cooled. This patented technology obtains high-chromium cast iron with martensite as the matrix phase, thereby improving the wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron.

专利申请CN114959437A公开了一种钒合金化高铬铸铁及其制备方法和应用,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:铬26%、碳3.0~4.4%、0.5%<钒≤8.0%、锰0.5~0.65%、硅0.75~0.9%、钼0.06~0.1%、0.2%<钛≤0.6%、0.3%<钨≤1.0%、磷≤0.04%、硫≤0.04%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。铸造后热处理工艺为淬火+回火热处理,所述淬火的温度为1040~1060℃,所述淬火的介质为高分子水溶性水基淬火剂;所述回火的温度为540~565℃。该发明改善了高铬铸铁中碳化物的粗大形貌以及基体相被碳化物割裂的情况,提高了高铬铸铁的韧性和耐磨性。Patent application CN114959437A discloses a vanadium alloyed high chromium cast iron and its preparation method and application. The composition and content of each element by weight percentage are: chromium 26%, carbon 3.0-4.4%, 0.5%<vanadium≤8.0%, manganese 0.5-0.65%, silicon 0.75-0.9%, molybdenum 0.06-0.1%, 0.2%<titanium≤0.6%, 0.3%<tungsten≤1.0%, phosphorus≤0.04%, sulfur≤0.04%, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities. The post-casting heat treatment process is quenching + tempering heat treatment, the quenching temperature is 1040-1060℃, the quenching medium is a polymer water-soluble water-based quenching agent; the tempering temperature is 540-565℃. The invention improves the coarse morphology of carbides in high-chromium cast iron and the situation where the matrix phase is divided by carbides, thereby improving the toughness and wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron.

中国发明专利CN115896401A公开了一种高铬铸铁耐磨衬板及其热处理工艺,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳2.2~2.8%、硅0.8~1.2%、锰0.9~1.3%、铬13~18%、钼0.1~0.3%、镍0.05~0.1%、铜0.4~0.6%、硫<0.07%、磷<0.1%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质,且Mo、Ni、Cu的质量比为1:0.3~0.4:2~3。铸造后热处理工艺为阶段升温淬火+回火热处理,所述淬火热处理具体包括:加热至350~400℃,保温2~3h,再加热至650~700℃,保温1~2h,继续加热至950~1000℃,保温2~3h;回火热处理具体包括:升温至220~260℃后保温3~4h,出炉后空冷至室温。该发明选择阶段式升温方式获得最佳淬火效果,获得了理想的马氏体基体,最大限度地细化晶粒度,获得了同时具有较高硬度和冲击韧性的耐磨衬板。Chinese invention patent CN115896401A discloses a high chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining and its heat treatment process. The composition and content of each element by weight percentage are: carbon 2.2-2.8%, silicon 0.8-1.2%, manganese 0.9-1.3%, chromium 13-18%, molybdenum 0.1-0.3%, nickel 0.05-0.1%, copper 0.4-0.6%, sulfur <0.07%, phosphorus <0.1%, the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities, and the mass ratio of Mo, Ni and Cu is 1:0.3-0.4:2-3. The post-casting heat treatment process is staged heating quenching + tempering heat treatment, and the quenching heat treatment specifically includes: heating to 350-400℃, keeping warm for 2-3h, then heating to 650-700℃, keeping warm for 1-2h, and continuing to heat to 950-1000℃, keeping warm for 2-3h; the tempering heat treatment specifically includes: heating to 220-260℃ and keeping warm for 3-4h, and air cooling to room temperature after being taken out of the furnace. The invention selects a staged heating method to obtain the best quenching effect, obtains an ideal martensitic matrix, and refines the grain size to the maximum extent, and obtains a wear-resistant lining with both high hardness and impact toughness.

上述专利技术的方法特征主要为通过热处理来提高材料性能,所采用的热处理方法为淬火+回火。高铬铸铁在经过淬火+回火热处理后,组织基体相会转变为马氏体,碳化物的形貌也会有所改善,高铬铸铁的硬度和耐磨性能会提高。但上述专利的热处理工艺对高铬铸铁高温环境下的抗高温氧化性能不起主要作用,因此不能满足高铬铸铁在高温环境下的应用。The method feature of the above patented technology is mainly to improve the material properties through heat treatment, and the heat treatment method adopted is quenching + tempering. After the quenching + tempering heat treatment, the matrix phase of the high chromium cast iron will be transformed into martensite, the morphology of the carbide will also be improved, and the hardness and wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron will be improved. However, the heat treatment process of the above patent does not play a major role in the high temperature oxidation resistance of the high chromium cast iron in a high temperature environment, and therefore cannot meet the application of high chromium cast iron in a high temperature environment.

专利申请CN114395687A公开了一种可制作轴承套圈的球墨铸铁超细化循环热处理工艺,各元素按重量百分比组成及含量为:碳3.4~3.7%、硅2.75~2.9%、锰0.3~0.5%、硫0.05%、磷0.05%、镁0.03~0.045%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质。铸造后热处理工艺为循环淬火热处理,所述淬火热处理具体包括:加热至890~1100℃,保温2h,冷却至室温后,再加热至820~1000℃,保温1h,再冷却至室温,重复上述淬火热处理3次。本发明的处理工艺是进一步细化球磨铸铁的晶粒,同时提高球磨铸铁的硬度。Patent application CN114395687A discloses a ductile iron ultra-fine cycle heat treatment process for making bearing rings, wherein the weight percentage composition and content of each element are: carbon 3.4-3.7%, silicon 2.75-2.9%, manganese 0.3-0.5%, sulfur 0.05%, phosphorus 0.05%, magnesium 0.03-0.045%, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities. The post-casting heat treatment process is a cycle quenching heat treatment, which specifically includes: heating to 890-1100°C, keeping warm for 2h, cooling to room temperature, then heating to 820-1000°C, keeping warm for 1h, then cooling to room temperature, and repeating the above quenching heat treatment 3 times. The treatment process of the present invention is to further refine the grains of the ductile iron and improve the hardness of the ductile iron.

上述专利技术的方法特征主要为通过循环热处理来提高材料性能,所采用的热处理方法为循环淬火热处理。高铬铸铁在经过循环淬火热处理后,获得马氏体基体,并使石墨铸铁的晶粒从铸态的70μm细化到热处理后的12.5μm,硬度也由48HRC提高到了60HRC,也提高了材料的疲劳寿命,同样对提高材料的抗高温氧化性能作用不大。The method feature of the above patented technology is mainly to improve the material properties through cyclic heat treatment, and the heat treatment method adopted is cyclic quenching heat treatment. After cyclic quenching heat treatment, high chromium cast iron obtains a martensitic matrix, and the grains of graphite cast iron are refined from 70μm in the cast state to 12.5μm after heat treatment, and the hardness is also increased from 48HRC to 60HRC, which also improves the fatigue life of the material, but also has little effect on improving the material's resistance to high temperature oxidation.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种提高高铬铸铁抗氧化性能的组织调配工艺。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron.

为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

1.一种提高高铬铸铁抗氧化性能的组织调配工艺,包括以下步骤:1. A tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron, comprising the following steps:

(1)以重量百分数计,将以下元素混合配料:碳1.0~2.5%、铬22.0~30.0%、硅0~3.0%、锰0~3.0%、镍0~10.0%、钼0~3.0%、铝0~7.0%、钛0~3.0%、铜0~3.0%、钨0~5.0%、钒0~3.0%、铌0~1.0%、稀土0~3.0%、磷0~0.1%、硫0~0.1%,余量为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) The following elements are mixed and prepared in percentage by weight: 1.0-2.5% carbon, 22.0-30.0% chromium, 0-3.0% silicon, 0-3.0% manganese, 0-10.0% nickel, 0-3.0% molybdenum, 0-7.0% aluminum, 0-3.0% titanium, 0-3.0% copper, 0-5.0% tungsten, 0-3.0% vanadium, 0-1.0% niobium, 0-3.0% rare earth, 0-0.1% phosphorus, 0-0.1% sulfur, and the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:混合熔炼成铁液,脱氧处理,脱硫处理,出炉浇注,浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件;(2) Melting and casting: Mixing and melting into molten iron, deoxidation treatment, desulfurization treatment, pouring out of the furnace, casting and forming, and air cooling to obtain castings;

(3)组织调配处理:将铸件在860~1000℃条件下保温2小时,空冷至室温;(3) Microstructure preparation: The casting is kept at 860-1000°C for 2 hours and then air-cooled to room temperature;

(4)重复步骤(3)若干次,直至得到细小珠光体和少量渗碳体组织。(4) Repeat step (3) several times until fine pearlite and a small amount of cementite are obtained.

优选的,步骤(2)中,混合熔炼至完全熔化,得铁液,加入质量占比0.8%的锰铁进行脱氧处理,所述锰铁成分如国标GB/T 3795-2014中的FeMn68所示,脱氧处理时间为5~10分钟。Preferably, in step (2), the mixture is smelted until completely melted to obtain molten iron, and 0.8% by weight of ferromanganese is added for deoxidation treatment, wherein the ferromanganese composition is as shown in FeMn68 in the national standard GB/T 3795-2014, and the deoxidation treatment time is 5 to 10 minutes.

优选的,步骤(2)中,向铁液中加入质量占比0.8%的脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,所述脱硫剂是将石灰和电石按照质量比1:3混合而得,脱硫时间为10~30分钟。Preferably, in step (2), a desulfurizing agent with a mass percentage of 0.8% is added to the molten iron for desulfurization treatment, wherein the desulfurizing agent is obtained by mixing lime and calcium carbide in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the desulfurization time is 10 to 30 minutes.

优选的,步骤(2)中,脱氧处理和脱硫处理过程中控制铁液温度为1620~1650℃。Preferably, in step (2), the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be 1620-1650° C. during the deoxidation and desulfurization treatments.

优选的,步骤(2)中,待铁液温度下降至1400~1450℃时出炉浇注。Preferably, in step (2), the molten iron is poured out of the furnace when the temperature drops to 1400-1450°C.

优选的,步骤(3)中,将铸件在900℃条件下保温2小时。Preferably, in step (3), the casting is kept at 900° C. for 2 hours.

优选的,步骤(4)中,重复步骤(3)2~5次。Preferably, in step (4), step (3) is repeated 2 to 5 times.

本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:

本发明通过特定配方组成,结合多次循环热处理对高铬铸铁进行组织调配,使得高铬铸铁的组织类型由块状铁素体+网状渗碳体或块状奥氏体+网状渗碳体转变为珠光体+少量渗碳体。本发明尽可能多地生成细小且稳定的珠光体组织,提高基体相中Cr扩散的速度,并提高氧化膜与基体的粘附性。尤其高铬铸铁的铸态组织为奥氏体时,奥氏体向铁素体的转变能大大提高Cr在基体相中的扩散速度,从而提高高铬铸铁的抗高温氧化性能,并改善力学性能,可适应高温环境的工况现状。本发明所制备的高铬铸铁抗高温氧化性能大幅度提高,同时硬度略有提高。The present invention adopts a specific formula composition and combines multiple cycles of heat treatment to adjust the structure of high chromium cast iron, so that the structure type of high chromium cast iron is changed from blocky ferrite + network cementite or blocky austenite + network cementite to pearlite + a small amount of cementite. The present invention generates as much small and stable pearlite structure as possible, increases the diffusion rate of Cr in the matrix phase, and improves the adhesion of the oxide film to the matrix. In particular, when the cast structure of high chromium cast iron is austenite, the transformation of austenite to ferrite can greatly increase the diffusion rate of Cr in the matrix phase, thereby improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron, and improving mechanical properties, which can adapt to the current working conditions of high-temperature environments. The high-temperature oxidation resistance of the high chromium cast iron prepared by the present invention is greatly improved, and the hardness is slightly improved.

本发明各元素的作用如下:The functions of each element of the present invention are as follows:

碳元素与碳化物的种类与数量有关,调节碳含量能够获得高温条件下性能稳定的碳化物,减少碳化物的连接程度,并控制基体组织。The carbon element is related to the type and amount of carbides. Adjusting the carbon content can obtain carbides with stable performance under high temperature conditions, reduce the degree of connection between carbides, and control the matrix structure.

铬元素为提高耐抗高温氧化性能的主要元素,在高温环境中会快速形成一层致密的氧化膜,能够有效阻碍合金基体的进一步氧化。Chromium is the main element to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance. It will quickly form a dense oxide film in a high-temperature environment, which can effectively hinder the further oxidation of the alloy matrix.

硅元素在高温下能够形成二氧化硅以减缓高铬铸铁的氧化进程,二氧化硅通常能够提高材料的硬度与耐磨性能,硅元素还能够改善碳化物的数量和形貌。Silicon can form silicon dioxide at high temperatures to slow down the oxidation process of high chromium cast iron. Silicon dioxide can usually improve the hardness and wear resistance of the material. Silicon can also improve the number and morphology of carbides.

锰元素能够扩大奥氏体相区,提高高铬铸铁的韧性,与铬配合使用可以提高高铬铸铁的综合性能。Manganese can expand the austenite phase area and improve the toughness of high chromium cast iron. When used in combination with chromium, it can improve the comprehensive performance of high chromium cast iron.

镍元素的添加能够获得强度高,韧性好的高铬铸铁,提高铁基体的氧化激活能,与铬配合使用可以提高高铬铸铁的抗高温氧化性能。The addition of nickel can obtain high-chromium cast iron with high strength and good toughness, increase the oxidation activation energy of the iron matrix, and use it in combination with chromium to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of high-chromium cast iron.

钼元素固溶在基体相中能提高原子间的结合力使热强性提高,还会降低碳的活度,改变碳化物的析出与分布,细化晶粒。The molybdenum element dissolved in the matrix phase can enhance the bonding force between atoms and improve thermal strength. It can also reduce the activity of carbon, change the precipitation and distribution of carbides, and refine the grains.

铝元素在高温下能够形成致密结构的氧化铝以减缓高铬铸铁的氧化进程,同时能够提高相变温度保持合金的强度与韧性。Aluminum can form densely structured alumina at high temperatures to slow down the oxidation process of high chromium cast iron, while increasing the phase transition temperature to maintain the strength and toughness of the alloy.

钛元素可以与氧、碳等元素形成稳定的氧化物,可以起到脱氧、净化与细化组织的作用,提高高铬铸铁的耐高温氧化和耐高温腐蚀性能。Titanium can form stable oxides with oxygen, carbon and other elements, which can deoxidize, purify and refine the structure, and improve the high-temperature oxidation and high-temperature corrosion resistance of high-chromium cast iron.

铜元素能够促进高铬铸铁表面形成致密氧化膜,并对氧化膜有修复作用;能够提高基体相的电极电位,降低高铬铸铁的自腐蚀倾向。Copper can promote the formation of a dense oxide film on the surface of high-chromium cast iron and repair the oxide film; it can increase the electrode potential of the matrix phase and reduce the self-corrosion tendency of high-chromium cast iron.

钨元素能细化奥氏体枝状晶,并有效改善共晶碳化物的分布。钨可溶于碳化物中,提高碳化物的耐磨性能。Tungsten can refine austenite dendrites and effectively improve the distribution of eutectic carbides. Tungsten can be dissolved in carbides and improve the wear resistance of carbides.

钒元素是强碳化物形成元素,能够很好稳定高铬铸铁的碳化物。Vanadium is a strong carbide-forming element and can stabilize the carbides of high-chromium cast iron.

铌元素可以和碳形成细小NbC碳化物,可以作为M7C3碳化物的形核点,而且NbC还会抑制M7C3碳化物的长大,从而细化碳化物的组织。Niobium can form fine NbC carbides with carbon, which can serve as nucleation sites for M 7 C 3 carbides. NbC can also inhibit the growth of M 7 C 3 carbides, thereby refining the structure of the carbides.

稀土元素可以净化晶界,提高晶界的抗氧化能力,还会促进铬、铝元素形成保护作用强的氧化膜。Rare earth elements can purify grain boundaries, improve their antioxidant capacity, and promote the formation of a highly protective oxide film by chromium and aluminum elements.

磷、硫元素会导致高铬铸铁发生脆性断裂,含量应尽可能低。Phosphorus and sulfur elements can cause brittle fracture in high chromium cast iron, so their content should be as low as possible.

本发明所得高铬铸铁在600℃和900℃下氧化120h后,使用质量浓度36.5%盐酸溶液:质量浓度68%硝酸溶液:水按体积比例1:3:6配制的溶液酸浸1h,酸浸后用软毛刷轻刷试样表面,计算高铬铸铁试样酸浸失重率,失重率低说明抗高温氧化性能高;硬度测试利用峰志HR-150A型洛氏硬度计完成,初始试验力与总试验力分别为10kgf、150kgf,保持时间为15s,在试样上互相垂直的3个测试面各取3个部位进行测量,分别记为点1~9,计算平均值作为最终硬度的测量值。结果发现,经组织调配工艺处理后的高铬铸铁相对于未经过处理的高铬铸铁,其抗高温氧化性能大幅度提高,洛氏硬度略有提高,既保证了一定的耐磨性,又防止硬度过高导致脆性增加。本发明工艺简单,操作方便,成本低,适合应用于高温、耐磨环境要求的行业。After the high chromium cast iron obtained by the present invention is oxidized at 600℃ and 900℃ for 120h, it is acid-leached for 1h using a solution prepared by a mass concentration of 36.5% hydrochloric acid solution: a mass concentration of 68% nitric acid solution: water in a volume ratio of 1:3:6. After acid-leaching, the surface of the sample is lightly brushed with a soft brush, and the acid-leaching weight loss rate of the high chromium cast iron sample is calculated. A low weight loss rate indicates high high-temperature oxidation resistance. The hardness test is completed using a Fengzhi HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester. The initial test force and the total test force are 10kgf and 150kgf respectively, and the holding time is 15s. Three positions are taken from three mutually perpendicular test surfaces on the sample for measurement, which are recorded as points 1 to 9 respectively, and the average value is calculated as the final hardness measurement value. The results show that the high chromium cast iron treated by the tissue blending process has a greatly improved high-temperature oxidation resistance and a slightly improved Rockwell hardness compared with the untreated high chromium cast iron, which not only ensures a certain wear resistance, but also prevents the hardness from being too high and causing an increase in brittleness. The invention has simple process, convenient operation and low cost, and is suitable for application in industries requiring high temperature and wear-resistant environment.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为高铬铸铁的显微组织形貌,A为对比例1未经过循环热处理的试样,B为实施例1经过循环热处理的试样)Figure 1 shows the microstructure of high chromium cast iron, A is the sample of Comparative Example 1 that has not been subjected to cyclic heat treatment, and B is the sample of Example 1 that has been subjected to cyclic heat treatment)

图2为高铬铸铁的XRD图谱,上为对比例1未经过循环热处理的试样,下为实施例1经过循环热处理的试样。FIG2 is an XRD spectrum of high chromium cast iron, the upper one is the sample of Comparative Example 1 which has not been subjected to cyclic heat treatment, and the lower one is the sample of Example 1 which has been subjected to cyclic heat treatment.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following description is only for explaining the present invention and does not limit its contents.

实施例1:Embodiment 1:

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳2.08%、铬24.5%、硅0.86%、锰0.72%、镍1.15%、钼0.24%、铝0.35%、钛0.12%、铜0.34%、钨0.012%、钒0.003%、铌0.011%、稀土0.88%、磷0.0215%、硫0.0175%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes 2.08% carbon, 24.5% chromium, 0.86% silicon, 0.72% manganese, 1.15% nickel, 0.24% molybdenum, 0.35% aluminum, 0.12% titanium, 0.34% copper, 0.012% tungsten, 0.003% vanadium, 0.011% niobium, 0.88% rare earth, 0.0215% phosphorus, 0.0175% sulfur, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)组织调配工艺:将铸造成型的铸件在900℃温度下保温2h,空冷至室温;(3) Tissue preparation process: The cast casting is kept at 900°C for 2 h and air-cooled to room temperature;

(4)重复步骤(3)5次。(4) Repeat step (3) 5 times.

经测试,本发明生产的合金组织为珠光体+少量渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy structure produced by the present invention is pearlite + a small amount of cementite structure, and the material performance indicators are as follows:

1)硬度值:50.2HRC;1) Hardness value: 50.2HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:1.54%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 1.54%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:45.2HRC;3) Hardness after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 45.2HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:2.36%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 2.36%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:46.8HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 46.8HRC.

实施例2:Embodiment 2:

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳1.65%、铬26.6%、硅0.84%、锰0.52%、镍0.88%、钼0.21%、铝0.65%、钛0.32%、铜0.66%、钨0.012%、钒0.12%、铌0.18%、稀土0.61%、磷0.0365%、硫0.0324%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes the following elements: carbon 1.65%, chromium 26.6%, silicon 0.84%, manganese 0.52%, nickel 0.88%, molybdenum 0.21%, aluminum 0.65%, titanium 0.32%, copper 0.66%, tungsten 0.012%, vanadium 0.12%, niobium 0.18%, rare earth 0.61%, phosphorus 0.0365%, sulfur 0.0324%, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)组织调配工艺:将铸造成型的铸件在860℃温度下保温2h,空冷至室温;(3) Tissue preparation process: The cast casting is kept at 860°C for 2 h and air-cooled to room temperature;

(4)重复步骤(3)3次。(4) Repeat step (3) 3 times.

经测试,本发明生产的合金组织为珠光体+少量渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy structure produced by the present invention is pearlite + a small amount of cementite structure, and the material performance indicators are as follows:

1)硬度值:43.1HRC;1) Hardness value: 43.1HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:1.38%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching at 600℃×120h oxidation: 1.38%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:44.6HRC;3) Hardness value after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 44.6HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:2.08%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 2.08%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:46.2HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 46.2HRC.

实施例3:Embodiment 3:

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳1.18%、铬28.4%、硅1.21%、锰0.78%、镍3.21%、钼0.65%、铝0.12%、钛0.65%、铜0.98%、钨0.86%、钒1.01%、铌0.62%、稀土1.3%、磷0.0121%、硫0.0211%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes the following elements: carbon 1.18%, chromium 28.4%, silicon 1.21%, manganese 0.78%, nickel 3.21%, molybdenum 0.65%, aluminum 0.12%, titanium 0.65%, copper 0.98%, tungsten 0.86%, vanadium 1.01%, niobium 0.62%, rare earth 1.3%, phosphorus 0.0121%, sulfur 0.0211%, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)组织调配工艺:将铸造成型的铸件在1000℃温度下保温2h,水冷至室温;(3) Tissue preparation process: The cast casting is kept at 1000°C for 2 h and then cooled to room temperature;

(4)重复步骤(3)2次。(4) Repeat step (3) twice.

经测试,本发明生产的合金组织为珠光体+少量渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy structure produced by the present invention is pearlite + a small amount of cementite structure, and the material performance indicators are as follows:

1)硬度值:34.6HRC;1) Hardness value: 34.6HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:0.69%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching at 600℃×120h oxidation: 0.69%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:43.2HRC;3) Hardness after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 43.2HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:0.93%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 0.93%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:45.8HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 45.8HRC.

对比例1Comparative Example 1

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳2.08%、铬24.5%、硅0.86%、锰0.72%、镍1.15%、钼0.24%、铝0.35%、钛0.12%、铜0.34%、钨0.012%、钒0.003%、铌0.011%、稀土0.88%、磷0.0215%、硫0.0175%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes the following elements: carbon 2.08%, chromium 24.5%, silicon 0.86%, manganese 0.72%, nickel 1.15%, molybdenum 0.24%, aluminum 0.35%, titanium 0.12%, copper 0.34%, tungsten 0.012%, vanadium 0.003%, niobium 0.011%, rare earth 0.88%, phosphorus 0.0215%, sulfur 0.0175%, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)不进行组织调配工艺。(3) No tissue preparation process is performed.

经测试,本发明生产的合金组织为奥氏体+连续网状渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy structure produced by the present invention is austenite + continuous network cementite structure, and the material performance indicators are as follows:

1)硬度值:45.0HRC;1) Hardness value: 45.0HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:2.18%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 2.18%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:44.3HRC;3) Hardness after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 44.3HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:3.29%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 3.29%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:45.7HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 45.7HRC.

对比例2Comparative Example 2

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳1.65%、铬26.6%、硅0.84%、锰0.52%、镍0.88%、钼0.21%、铝0.65%、钛0.32%、铜0.66%、钨0.012%、钒0.12%、铌0.18%、稀土0.61%、磷0.0365%、硫0.0324%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes the following elements: carbon 1.65%, chromium 26.6%, silicon 0.84%, manganese 0.52%, nickel 0.88%, molybdenum 0.21%, aluminum 0.65%, titanium 0.32%, copper 0.66%, tungsten 0.012%, vanadium 0.12%, niobium 0.18%, rare earth 0.61%, phosphorus 0.0365%, sulfur 0.0324%, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)不进行组织调配工艺。(3) No tissue preparation process is performed.

经测试,本发明生产的合金组织为块状铁素体+少量奥氏体+渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy structure produced by the present invention is block ferrite + a small amount of austenite + cementite structure, and the material performance indicators are as follows:

1)硬度值:40.2HRC;1) Hardness value: 40.2HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:2.08%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 2.08%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:43.8HRC;3) Hardness after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 43.8HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:3.08%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 3.08%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:45.3HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 45.3HRC.

对比例3Comparative Example 3

(1)配料:以重量百分数计,高铬铸铁合金按元素配比包括,碳1.18%、铬28.4%、硅1.21%、锰0.78%、镍3.21%、钼0.65%、铝0.12%、钛0.65%、铜0.98%、钨0.86%、钒1.01%、铌0.62%、稀土1.3%、磷0.0121%、硫0.0211%,其余为铁以及不可避免的杂质;(1) Ingredients: In terms of weight percentage, the high chromium cast iron alloy includes the following elements: carbon 1.18%, chromium 28.4%, silicon 1.21%, manganese 0.78%, nickel 3.21%, molybdenum 0.65%, aluminum 0.12%, titanium 0.65%, copper 0.98%, tungsten 0.86%, vanadium 1.01%, niobium 0.62%, rare earth 1.3%, phosphorus 0.0121%, sulfur 0.0211%, and the remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities;

(2)熔炼与铸造:按照原料配比准备原料后混合熔炼,待原料完全熔化后加入锰铁进行脱氧处理,脱氧后加入脱硫剂进行脱硫处理,脱硫剂由石灰/电石按质量比1/3混合获得,脱氧、脱硫处理过程控制铁液温度为1620℃左右,铁液温度下降至1400℃左右时出炉浇注,然后对铁液浇铸成型,空冷后获得铸件材料;(2) Smelting and casting: Prepare the raw materials according to the raw material ratio and mix and smelt them. After the raw materials are completely melted, add ferromanganese for deoxidation treatment. After deoxidation, add a desulfurizer for desulfurization treatment. The desulfurizer is obtained by mixing lime/calcium carbide at a mass ratio of 1/3. During the deoxidation and desulfurization process, the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be about 1620°C. When the temperature of the molten iron drops to about 1400°C, it is taken out of the furnace for pouring, and then the molten iron is cast into shape, and the casting material is obtained after air cooling;

(3)不进行组织调配工艺。(3) No tissue preparation process is performed.

经测试,本发明生产的合金块状铁素体+渗碳体组织,材料性能指标如下所示:After testing, the alloy block ferrite + cementite structure produced by the present invention has the following material performance indicators:

1)硬度值:29.8HRC;1) Hardness value: 29.8HRC;

2)600℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:1.30%;2) Weight loss rate after acid leaching at 600℃×120h oxidation: 1.30%;

3)600℃×120h氧化后硬度值:42.8HRC;3) Hardness after oxidation at 600℃×120h: 42.8HRC;

4)900℃×120h氧化后酸浸失重率:1.87%;4) Weight loss rate after acid leaching after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 1.87%;

5)900℃×120h氧化后硬度值:45.2HRC。5) Hardness value after oxidation at 900℃×120h: 45.2HRC.

图1为申请材料的显微组织,由图可知,未经过组织调配工艺的试样组织组成为块状基体相+粗大碳化物,组织分布均匀度较差;经过循环热处理的试样组织组成为(基体相+碳化物混合物)+碳化物。结合图2可以看出未经过组织调配工艺的试样基体相为奥氏体+少量铁素体,碳化物为M7C3型碳化物,经过循环热处理的试样混合物组织为铁素体+碳化物形成的粒状珠光体,碳化物主要为M23C6型碳化物,还有少量M7C3型碳化物。Figure 1 shows the microstructure of the application material. It can be seen from the figure that the sample without the structure adjustment process has a block matrix phase + coarse carbides, and the uniformity of the structure distribution is poor; the sample after the cyclic heat treatment has a structure of (matrix phase + carbide mixture) + carbide. Combined with Figure 2, it can be seen that the matrix phase of the sample without the structure adjustment process is austenite + a small amount of ferrite, and the carbide is M7C3 type carbide. The sample mixture after the cyclic heat treatment has a granular pearlite formed by ferrite + carbide, and the carbide is mainly M23C6 type carbide, and there is a small amount of M7C3 type carbide.

上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The tissue blending process for improving the oxidation resistance of the high-chromium cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The following elements are mixed and proportioned in percentage by weight: 1.0 to 2.5 percent of carbon, 22.0 to 30.0 percent of chromium, 0 to 3.0 percent of silicon, 0 to 3.0 percent of manganese, 0 to 10.0 percent of nickel, 0 to 3.0 percent of molybdenum, 0 to 7.0 percent of aluminum, 0 to 3.0 percent of titanium, 0 to 3.0 percent of copper, 0 to 5.0 percent of tungsten, 0 to 3.0 percent of vanadium, 0 to 1.0 percent of niobium, 0 to 3.0 percent of rare earth, 0 to 0.1 percent of phosphorus, 0 to 0.1 percent of sulfur, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Smelting and casting: mixing and smelting into molten iron, deoxidizing, desulfurizing, discharging, casting and air cooling to obtain casting;
(3) And (3) tissue blending treatment: preserving the temperature of the casting at 860-1000 ℃ for 2 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
(4) Repeating the step (3) for a plurality of times until fine pearlite and a small amount of cementite tissues are obtained.
2. The tissue preparation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the molten iron is obtained by mixing and melting until the molten iron is completely melted, and ferromanganese accounting for 0.8% of the mass is added for deoxidization treatment, wherein the deoxidization treatment time is 5-10 minutes.
3. The tissue blending process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a desulfurizing agent with a mass ratio of 0.8% is added into the molten iron for desulfurization treatment, and the desulfurizing agent is prepared by mixing lime and calcium carbide according to a mass ratio of 1:3, and the desulfurization time is 10 to 30 minutes.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be 1620-1650 ℃ during the deoxidation treatment and the desulfurization treatment.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the molten iron is poured out of the furnace when the temperature of the molten iron is lowered to 1400-1450 ℃.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the casting is incubated at 900 ℃ for 2 hours.
7. The tissue blending process according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), step (3) is repeated 2 to 5 times.
CN202410946201.4A 2024-07-15 2024-07-15 A tissue preparation process for improving the oxidation resistance of high chromium cast iron Pending CN118726712A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119464917A (en) * 2025-01-16 2025-02-18 山东孟友新材料科技有限责任公司 A mold for tempering glass tableware and a casting method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119464917A (en) * 2025-01-16 2025-02-18 山东孟友新材料科技有限责任公司 A mold for tempering glass tableware and a casting method thereof

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