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CN118724807B - A decoquinate hapten, antigen, antibody and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

A decoquinate hapten, antigen, antibody and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN118724807B
CN118724807B CN202411207661.1A CN202411207661A CN118724807B CN 118724807 B CN118724807 B CN 118724807B CN 202411207661 A CN202411207661 A CN 202411207661A CN 118724807 B CN118724807 B CN 118724807B
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decoquinate
formula
hapten
antigen
antibody
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李拥军
范超
瞿翠兰
厉晓琳
熊文明
梁晓敏
刘泽祺
薛美屹
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Guangzhou Vocational College of Technology and Business
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    • C07D215/16Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种癸氧喹酯半抗原、抗原、抗体及其制备与应用,涉及癸氧喹酯半抗原、抗原、抗体及其制备和检测癸氧喹酯残留的应用。本发明通过使用水溶性强的手臂制备得到了结构式如式(I)所示癸氧喹酯半抗原及人工抗原,并进一步制备得到用于检测癸氧喹酯的特异性抗体,对癸氧喹酯的半抑制浓度IC50值为12.3ng/mL,检测限LOD(IC10)为3.41 ng/mL,线性范围(IC20~IC80)为7.4~20.9ng/mL,对常见结构类似物的交叉反应率均低于10%,说明该抗体对癸氧喹酯具有良好的特异性,可有效的排除其他结构类似物药物的干扰。

The present invention discloses a decoquinate hapten, antigen, antibody and preparation and application thereof, and relates to a decoquinate hapten, antigen, antibody and preparation thereof and application thereof for detecting decoquinate residues. The present invention prepares a decoquinate hapten and an artificial antigen having a structural formula as shown in formula (I) by using a highly water-soluble arm, and further prepares a specific antibody for detecting decoquinate, with a half inhibition concentration IC 50 value of 12.3 ng/mL for decoquinate, a detection limit LOD (IC 10 ) of 3.41 ng/mL, a linear range (IC 20 ~IC 80 ) of 7.4~20.9 ng/mL, and a cross-reaction rate to common structural analogs of less than 10%, indicating that the antibody has good specificity for decoquinate and can effectively eliminate the interference of other structural analog drugs.

Description

Decoquinate hapten, antigen, antibody and preparation and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food safety detection, in particular to decoquinate hapten, antigen and antibody as well as preparation and application thereof.
Background
Decoquinate (Decoquinate) is a quinoline anticoccidial drug. Quinoline anticoccidial drugs are early developed in anticoccidial drugs, have good efficacy, and several drugs are added into feeds so far to prevent and treat coccidiosis. Although these anticoccidial drugs have low toxicity, the use of anticoccidial drugs tends to cause the emergence of coccidian resistance, and the use of anticoccidial drugs in livestock production tends to increase the dosage.
In recent years, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection technology has become one of the main means for detecting veterinary drug residues, and a few reports on the detection of anticoccidial drug residues by adopting a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method are also reported, mainly aiming at chicken, eggs and beef, and also reports on the detection of chicken skin and fat, anticoccidial drug residues in chicken excreta and the like. But less research is conducted on the detection of anticoccidial drug residues in complex matrixes such as livers, kidneys and the like.
The immunoassay method based on antigen-antibody specificity recognition is one of the main technologies of the current veterinary drug residue detection, but the related reports are not available at present because of the high fat solubility and poor solubility of the drugs, and hapten design and antibody preparation are difficult. Therefore, a monoclonal antibody capable of specifically recognizing decoquinate is urgently needed, and a foundation is laid for developing an immunity rapid detection technology and a product aiming at decoquinate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a decoquinate hapten with increased polarity and enhanced water solubility by connecting an arm with strong water solubility to a decoquinate analogue, so that the immune effect of the antigen is enhanced.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided decoquinate hapten having the structure as shown in formula (I):
Formula (I).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing decoquinate hapten, comprising the steps of:
S1, dissolving 4-aminophenol and ethoxymethylene diethyl malonate in isopropanol, reacting at room temperature under alkaline condition, filtering to remove insoluble substances, evaporating the solvent to obtain an intermediate 1, dissolving the intermediate 1 in diphenyl ether, reacting at 250 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, precipitating a product, washing with n-hexane to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the reaction formula of the step is shown in the formula (II),
A formula (II);
S2, dissolving the intermediate 2 in DMF, adding bromotriethylene glycol tert-butyl acetate and potassium carbonate, wherein the mol ratio of the intermediate 2 to the bromotriethylene glycol tert-butyl acetate to the potassium carbonate is 1:1:1, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction overnight, adding a large amount of saturated saline solution, extracting with ethyl acetate, evaporating an organic layer, passing through column chromatography to obtain an intermediate 3, wherein the reaction formula is shown in the formula (III),
A formula (III);
S3, dissolving the intermediate 3 by using dichloromethane, then reacting with trifluoroacetic acid, evaporating the solvent after the reaction is finished to obtain decoquinate hapten, wherein the structural formula is shown as a formula (I), the reaction formula of the step is shown as a formula (IV),
Formula (IV).
In some embodiments, the molar ratio of 4-aminophenol to diethyl ethoxymethylene malonate in step S1 is 1 (1-1.2), with the basic condition being the addition of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate to the reaction system.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a decoquinate antigen which is a conjugate of a decoquinate hapten and a carrier protein.
In some embodiments, the carrier protein is bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, chicken egg albumin, or hemocyanin.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided decoquinate antibodies, which are prepared from decoquinate antigens by animal immunization, and which are decoquinate monoclonal antibodies.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided use of decoquinate hapten, decoquinate antigen in immunological detection of decoquinate for non-disease diagnostic purposes.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided the use of an antibody to decoquinate in an immunological assay for the purpose of non-disease diagnosis of decoquinate.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting decoquinate for non-disease diagnosis, wherein decoquinate antigen and decoquinate antibody are used to detect decoquinate drug residues in food, and the food is animal-derived food.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the decoquinate hapten and the artificial antigen with the structural formula shown in the formula (I) are prepared by using arms with strong water solubility, and the specific antibody for detecting the decoquinate is further prepared, wherein the value of the semi-inhibition concentration IC 50 of the decoquinate is 12.3ng/mL, the detection limit LOD (IC 10) is 3.41 ng/mL, the linear range (IC 20~IC80) is 7.4-20.9 ng/mL, and the cross reaction rate of the decoquinate hapten and the decoquinate hapten is lower than 10% for common structural analogues, so that the antibody has good specificity for the decoquinate, the interference of other structural analogues can be effectively eliminated, and a core reagent is provided for establishing an immunodetection method of the decoquinate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mass spectrum of decoquinate hapten of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of an indirect competition ELISA standard established based on decoquinate monoclonal antibodies of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it being understood that these embodiments are for purposes of illustration only and not for purposes of limiting the scope of the application, as various equivalent modifications of the application will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the application, as defined in the appended claims. Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents of the application are those commercially available in the conventional market.
Example 1 preparation of decoquinate hapten
The preparation method of decoquinate hapten comprises the following steps:
S1, respectively weighing 4.36 g of 4-aminophenol, 9.0 g ethoxy methylene diethyl malonate and 6.5 g potassium carbonate, dissolving in 50mL isopropanol, reacting overnight at room temperature, filtering after the reaction is finished, and evaporating filtrate to dryness to obtain an intermediate 1 (the subsequent experiment can be directly carried out without purification); dissolving the intermediate 1 in 40 mL diphenyl ether, reacting at 250 ℃ for 30min for cyclization reaction, cooling to room temperature, separating out a product, washing with n-hexane, and recrystallizing to obtain 6.25g of intermediate 2 with the total yield of 67%;
S2, dissolving 2.4 g of the intermediate 2 in 30mL of DMF, adding 2.6 g bromo-tri-polyethylene glycol tert-butyl acetate and 2.5 g potassium carbonate, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction overnight, adding a large amount of saturated saline after the reaction is finished, extracting for 2-3 times by using 50 mL ethyl acetate, evaporating an organic layer by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and performing column chromatography to obtain 3.2 g of intermediate 3;
S3, dissolving the 1.5 g intermediate 3 by using 10 mL dichloromethane, slowly adding 5 mL trifluoroacetic acid to react for 30 min, evaporating the solvent after the reaction is finished, adding saturated saline water to wash, extracting for 2-3 times by using 30 mL ethyl acetate, and evaporating the organic layer by using anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain decoquinate hapten.
The decoquinate hapten is identified by mass spectrometry, and the obtained mass spectrum is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the molecular ion peak of decoquinate hapten is ESI- [ M-H ] -: 422.26, and is the highest peak, which is consistent with molecular weight 423.42 of decoquinate hapten, indicating successful synthesis of decoquinate hapten represented by formula (I).
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of antigen for decoquinate immunization and antigen for coating
2.1 Preparation of antigen for decoquinate immunization
Using decoquinate hapten prepared in example 1, coupling Lactoferrin (LF) by active ester method to prepare antigen for decoquinate immunization, the method is as follows:
Dissolving 16.5 mg of decoquinate hapten prepared in the example 1 in 0.5 mL DMF solution, stirring and adding 12 mg of EDC (EDC) HCl and 10 mg NHS, and stirring and reacting overnight at room temperature in a dark place to obtain decoquinate hapten activating solution; 16mg of LF is taken and dissolved in 1.6 mL of BB buffer solution with pH of 9.0, 150 mu L of decoquinate hapten activating solution is added by stirring, and after uniform stirring, 4 h is coupled at room temperature and in a dark place, so as to obtain a coupling mixture; dialyzing the coupling mixture with PBS buffer solution at 4deg.C for 3 days, and changing the dialysate for 2 times per day to obtain antigen for decaquindox immunization (decaquindox hapten-LF), subpackaging at 1 mg/mL concentration, and freezing in a refrigerator at-20deg.C.
2.2 Preparation of antigen for decoquinate coating
Using decoquinate hapten prepared in example 1, decoquinate coating antigen is prepared by coupling Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) by an active ester method, and the method is as follows:
Dissolving 15.7 mg of decoquinate hapten prepared in the example 1 in 0.5 mL DMF solution, stirring and adding 12 mg EDC and 10 mg NHS, and stirring and reacting overnight at room temperature in dark to obtain decoquinate hapten activating solution; dissolving 24 mg BSA into 2.4 mL BB buffer solution with pH of 9.0, adding 225 mu L decoquinate hapten activating solution under stirring, and coupling 4 h at room temperature and in a dark place after stirring uniformly to obtain a coupling mixture; the coupling mixture was dialyzed against PBS buffer solution at 4deg.C for 3 days, the dialysate was changed 2 times per day, and the obtained decoquinate coating antigen (decoquinate hapten-BSA) was sub-packaged at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and frozen in a-20deg.C refrigerator.
Example 3 preparation and identification of decoquinate monoclonal antibodies
3.1 Immunization of mice
Taking 250 mu L of decoquinate immunization antigen (decoquinate hapten-LF) prepared in the example 2 and diluted to be 1 mg/mL, and uniformly emulsifying the antigen and an equivalent amount of immune adjuvant (Freund complete adjuvant for the first immunization and Freund incomplete adjuvant for the later booster immunization) to immunize animals; bal b/c mice with the sizes of 6-7 weeks are immunized by adopting various injection modes of subcutaneous back, subcutaneous parts, abdominal cavity and feet respectively, the immunization is metered to be 100 mu L/mouse, the immunization is performed for the second time after 2 weeks, the immunization is performed every 2 weeks, the immunization is enhanced every other time, the tail of the mice is taken out after 1 week of the third-time enhancement immunization, and the serum titer is determined by utilizing indirect competition ELISA. When the potency no longer rises, 100 mu L of antigen for immunization of decoquinate with the concentration of 1 mg/mL is taken for intraperitoneal injection, and impact immunization is carried out;
3.2 cell fusion
Three days after the impact immunization, cell fusion was performed using PEG (polyethylene glycol) as follows:
a. Mouse spleen cells were collected: killing a mouse by a cervical dislocation method, immediately soaking the mouse in 75% alcohol for sterilization, taking out the spleen of the mouse by aseptic operation, putting the spleen into a 200-mesh cell screen, moderately grinding the spleen by a rubber head of an aseptic injector, flushing the spleen with a basic culture medium to obtain spleen cell suspension, collecting, centrifuging (1000 rpm,7 min), washing the spleen cells with the basic culture medium for three times, and diluting the spleen cells to a certain volume and counting after the last centrifuging for later use;
b. Collecting SP2/0 cells: culturing SP2/0 myeloma cells in a complete culture medium in a 5% CO 2 incubator 7-10 days before fusion, wherein the number of the SP2/0 myeloma cells required to reach 1-4×10 7 before fusion, and ensuring that the SP2/0 myeloma cells before fusion are in logarithmic growth phase. During fusion, myeloma cells are collected and suspended in a basal medium for cell counting;
c. according to spleen cells: SP 2/0=5: 1, mixing the two cells in proportion, centrifuging, and discarding the supernatant to obtain mixed cells deposited at the bottom of the centrifuge tube;
d. Fusion: slowly dripping 1 mL PEG into cells at the bottom of the centrifuge tube in the first minute; the second minute, keep the centrifuge tube to shake at a constant speed; thirdly, dropwise adding 1 mL of preheated basic culture medium; dripping 3 mL of preheated basic culture medium in the fourth minute; in fifth minute, 8 mL of preheated basic culture medium is dripped; in sixth minute, 8 mL of preheated basic culture medium is dripped; centrifuging (1000 rpm,7 min), discarding supernatant, re-suspending into HAT-containing screening culture solution, adding into 96-well cell plate at 200 μl/well, and culturing in 5% CO 2 incubator at 37deg.C;
3.3 cell Screen and cell line establishment
Half-changing the fused cells with HT medium on day 5 of cell fusion, full-changing on day 8, taking cell supernatant on day 10, screening by ic-ELISA, and determining the potency inhibition effect of positive cells. Selecting cell holes with better inhibition on decoquinate standard substances, subcloning by adopting a limiting dilution method, detecting by the same method, and repeating for 4-5 times to obtain cell strains;
3.4 preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies
Taking a plurality of Bal b/c mice over 10 weeks old, and injecting 500 mu L of liquid paraffin into the abdominal cavity of each mouse; after 7 days, about 1×10 6 hybridoma cells were injected into the abdominal cavity of each mouse, and after 7 days, the ascites was collected after the abdominal swelling of the mice, and the collected ascites was purified by chromatography. Filling a column by using 1 mL protein G packing, adding ascites 50 mL diluted by PBS buffer solution, repeatedly loading the flow-through solution for 7-8 times, eluting by using glycine, and timely regulating the eluent to be neutral by using Tris-HCl. And (3) dialyzing and desalting to finally obtain the purified decoquinate monoclonal antibody A4B1, subpackaging and then preserving at-20 ℃.
EXAMPLE 4 ELISA Performance evaluation of decoquinate monoclonal antibodies
The potency and inhibition rate of the antibodies were determined by indirect competition ELISA, the specific method was:
(1) Coating: diluting the coating antigen to 1 mug/mL by using coating liquid, and coating the coating antigen in a water bath at 37 ℃ for overnight according to 100 mug/Kong Jiaru;
(2) Closing: the coating solution was discarded, the plate was washed 2 times, the plate was dried by beating on absorbent paper, 120. Mu.L of blocking solution was added to each well, and blocking was performed by incubation in a 37℃water bath for 3 h. Spin-drying the dried powder, drying in a baking oven with the temperature of 37 ℃ inverted 1 h;
(3) Adding an antibody and a drug: the monoclonal antibody is diluted to be 1K (1000), 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K, 64K and other multiples by PBS, and decoquinate standard substance is diluted to be 100 ng/mL by PBS for standby;
the titers are as follows: adding 50 mu L of PBS buffer solution into each hole, sequentially adding the diluted monoclonal antibodies into the holes according to 50 mu L/hole, and adding PBS into the last hole to serve as blank control;
inhibition column: adding 50 mu L of a medicament diluted by PBS buffer solution into each hole, sequentially adding 50 mu L of antibody diluted by gradient into the holes, and adding PBS into the last hole to serve as a blank control;
37. Incubating at 40 min deg.c, washing the plate 5 times;
(4) Adding a secondary antibody: adding goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (100 mu L/hole) diluted 5000 times by PBST buffer solution, incubating at 37 ℃ for 30 min times, and washing the plate for 5 times;
(5) Color development: mixing TMB substrate buffer A, B in equal volume to obtain substrate solution, adding substrate solution (100 μl/well), and incubating at 37deg.C for 10 min;
(6) And (3) terminating: adding 10% H 2SO4 stop solution (50 mu L/hole) on the ELISA plate to stop the reaction;
(7) Reading: the absorbance (OD) was read with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm. The dilution multiple of the antibody with the absorbance value within the range of 1.0-1.5 is selected as the antibody titer, and the drug recognition performance of the antibody is obtained by the inhibition rate. The inhibition rate is calculated in the mode shown in the formula (V), the specific potency and the inhibition rate result are shown in the table 1,
Formula (V).
TABLE 1 antiserum titers and inhibition ratios Table
As is clear from Table 1, the higher potency was 45K at a drug concentration of 100 ng/mL, at which time the inhibition was 93.45%. The serum has high sensitivity and good potency, and the reaction condition can be further optimized, so that an immunodetection method aiming at decoquinate is developed.
EXAMPLE 5 evaluation of specificity of decoquinate monoclonal antibodies
This example uses the icELISA procedure to select several analogues similar in structure to decoquinate under already optimized icELISA conditions and examine the specificity of the decoquinate monoclonal antibody prepared in example 3. The decoquinate analogue competition inhibition curves were sequentially made, the standard mass concentration at 50% inhibition rate was obtained, and then the cross-reactivity of each structural analogue with the antibody was calculated by a formula after conversion to molar concentration, see table 2 below, and 3 replicates were set for each treatment.
As shown in Table 2, the decoquinate monoclonal antibody prepared in example 3 has high sensitivity recognition capability to decoquinate, and only has higher crossing rate to Ding Kuizhi and trimethoprim; other drugs contain quinoline groups, but the crossover rate of decoquinate monoclonal antibodies to other structural analogues is less than 10% because of the large difference of side chain groups. The decoquinate monoclonal antibody prepared in example 3 has better specificity to decoquinate.
Example 6
6.1 Indirect competition ELISA method for detecting decoquinate
(1) Coating decoquinate prepared in example 2 with antigen, diluting to 4 mug/mL with carbonate buffer (CB, 0.1M pH=9.8), coating 96-well ELISA plates, adding 100 mug of the 96-well ELISA plates, incubating overnight at 37 ℃ (12 h), pouring out the liquid in the wells, washing 2 times with washing liquid, each time for 30 s, beating dry, adding 200 mug of sealing liquid in each well, incubating 2h at 37 ℃ in a dark place, pouring out the liquid in the wells, beating dry, and vacuum sealing and storing by an aluminum film after drying;
(2) Removing the coating liquid, washing twice, and beating to dryness;
(3) 120 mu L of sealing liquid (namely, 5% of skimmed milk powder by mass) is added into each hole, and the mixture is sealed at 37 ℃ for 3 h;
(4) Discarding the sealing liquid, beating the plate, drying at 37 ℃ for 30 min, taking out, and bagging for standby by self-sealing;
(5) Phosphate buffer (PBS, 0.01m, ph=7.4) at 1: 16000-fold dilution of the decoquinate monoclonal antibody prepared in example 3, and 4-fold gradient dilution of decoquinate drug to be detected to 125 μg/L, 31.25 μg/L, 7.8 μg/L, 1.95 μg/L, 0.49 μg/L, 0.12 μg/L;
(6) Adding 50 mu L of decoquinate drug diluent to be detected (three groups are parallel) into each row, adding the diluent of the decoquinate monoclonal antibody according to the adding proportion of 50 mu L/hole, incubating at 37 ℃ for 40min, washing for five times, and beating to dry;
(7) Adding goat anti-mouse secondary antibody-HRP diluted 5000 times with Tween phosphate buffer (PBST, 0.01M), incubating at 37deg.C for 30 min times, washing for five times, and drying;
(8) Adding a developing solution into each well, wherein 100 mu L of the developing solution is used for developing 10 min;
(9) The reaction was stopped by adding 50 μl of 10% H 2SO4 solution and the OD was read at 450 nm;
(10) And (3) operating according to the steps (1) to (9), replacing the decoquinate diluent to be detected in the step (6) with the extracted diluent of the sample to be detected, and determining the content of the actual decoquinate drug in the unknown sample by combining the drawn standard curve.
6.2 Detection result
As shown in the figure 2, the standard curve of the indirect competitive ELISA of the antibody for detecting decoquinate drug shows that the IC 50 value of the decoquinate antibody for detecting decoquinate is 12.3ng/mL, the detection limit LOD (IC 10) is 3.41 ng/mL, the linear range (IC 20~IC80) is 7.4-20.9 ng/mL, and the crossing rate of the antibody for detecting decoquinate to other structural analogues is not more than 10%, thus the antibody can be used for establishing a high-sensitivity immunoassay method for detecting decoquinate.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of some embodiments of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept.

Claims (6)

1. Decoquinate hapten is characterized in that the structure is shown as a formula (I):
, (Ⅰ)。
2.A method of preparing the decoquinate hapten of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
S1, dissolving 4-aminophenol and ethoxymethylene diethyl malonate in isopropanol, reacting at room temperature under alkaline condition, filtering to remove insoluble matters, evaporating the solvent to obtain an intermediate 1, dissolving the intermediate 1 in diphenyl ether, reacting at 250 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, precipitating a product, washing with n-hexane to obtain an intermediate 2, wherein the reaction formula of the step is shown in the formula (II),
A formula (II);
S2, dissolving the intermediate 2 in DMF, adding bromotriethylene glycol tert-butyl acetate and potassium carbonate, wherein the mol ratio of the intermediate 2 to the bromotriethylene glycol tert-butyl acetate to the potassium carbonate is 1:1:1, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction overnight, adding a large amount of saturated saline solution, extracting with ethyl acetate, evaporating an organic layer, passing through column chromatography to obtain an intermediate 3, wherein the reaction formula is shown in the formula (III),
A formula (III);
S3, dissolving the intermediate 3 by using dichloromethane, then reacting with trifluoroacetic acid, evaporating the solvent after the reaction is finished to obtain the decoquinate hapten, wherein the structural formula is shown as a formula (I), the reaction formula of the step is shown as a formula (IV),
Formula (IV).
3. The method for preparing decoquinate hapten according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of 4-aminophenol to ethoxymethylene diethyl malonate in step S1 is 1 (1-1.2), and the alkaline condition is adding potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate into the reaction system.
4. Decoquinate antigen, wherein the decoquinate antigen is the conjugate of the decoquinate hapten and carrier protein of claim 1.
5. The decoquinate antigen of claim 4, wherein the carrier protein is bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, chicken ovalbumin, or hemocyanin.
6. Use of the decoquinate hapten of claim 1, the decoquinate antigen of claim 4 in an immunological assay for non-disease diagnostic purposes of decoquinate.
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