CN118716462A - Preparation method of animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of animal feed with fermentation litchi pomace synergistic probiotics, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing litchi pomace, adding water to adjust the water content to 60% -70% to obtain litchi pomace liquid, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, adding calcium carbonate, uniformly stirring, and homogenizing at 80-90 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain pretreated litchi pomace; s2, uniformly mixing the pretreated litchi pomace, probiotics and complex enzyme, and fermenting at 30-40 ℃ for 48-72 hours to obtain the fermented litchi pomace; s3, uniformly mixing the fermented litchi pomace with feed, adding candida lipolytica and prebiotics, and carrying out secondary fermentation at 25-30 ℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain the animal feed. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, the prepared fermented litchi pomace is high in nutrient content such as polyphenol, high in protease activity and rich in nutritive value, and the fermented litchi pomace is applied to preparation of animal feed and is subjected to secondary fermentation, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for animals, and healthy growth of the animals is facilitated.

Description

Preparation method of animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biotechnology and feed processing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing animal feed prepared by fermenting litchi pomace and coordinating probiotics.

Background Art

Litchi pomace is a byproduct of litchi processing. If it is directly discarded or improperly handled, it will not only cause a waste of resources, but also may pollute the environment. Litchi pomace is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, minerals, vitamins and a variety of active substances, which makes it possible to use it as animal feed. It contains a large amount of phenolic compounds and protein components, which not only provide rich nutrients for animals, but also have a certain antioxidant effect, prevent the occurrence of animal diseases, and enable animals to grow healthily.

However, due to the high water content and easy moldiness of the pomace, the complex structure of its ingredients, the high content of large molecular protein, and the fact that most polyphenols are insoluble phenols, it is not only difficult to fully digest and absorb if used directly as feed for animals, but it will also affect the animals' digestion, absorption and palatability.

Therefore, if litchi pomace is to be used as animal feed, it must be pretreated first to increase the soluble polyphenol content and protein utilization rate, thereby improving the nutritional value of animal feed and allowing animals to grow healthily.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics, which increases the content of absorbable nutrients and beneficial enzyme activity in the animal feed, while improving the palatability and promoting the growth and development of animals.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The method for preparing the animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics comprises the following steps:

S1, after crushing litchi pomace, adding water to adjust the water content to 60% to 70%, obtaining litchi pomace liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5 to 6.5, adding calcium carbonate, stirring evenly, and homogenizing at 80 to 90° C. for 10 to 20 minutes to obtain pretreated litchi pomace;

S2, mixing the pretreated litchi pomace, probiotics and complex enzyme, and fermenting at 30-40° C. for 48-72 h to obtain fermented litchi pomace;

S3, mixing the fermented litchi pomace and feed evenly, adding Candida lipolytica and prebiotics, and performing secondary fermentation at 25-30° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain animal feed.

Preferably, the solid-liquid ratio of the calcium carbonate to the litchi pomace liquid is 5-7 g:1 L.

The inventor found that by adjusting the litchi pomace within a suitable pH range, adding an appropriate amount of calcium carbonate, the nutrient content in the final product can be increased. This may be because specific probiotics and complex enzymes grow the most vigorously within a specific pH range in the present invention, but during fermentation, a large amount of lactic acid will be produced in the process of probiotics to glucose and fructose, causing the pH value of the litchi pomace to gradually decline, affecting the growth of probiotics, especially Lactobacillus casei. The inventor unexpectedly found that by adding an appropriate amount of calcium carbonate, the lactic acid produced can be neutralized, the pH decline is slowed down, thereby optimizing the fermentation environment, improving the activity and fermentation efficiency of lactic acid bacteria, promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, and then improving the fermentation effect of litchi pomace, improving the nutrient content in the litchi pomace after fermentation.

Preferably, the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Preferably, the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-3):(2-4):(3-5):(4-6):(1-3):1; more preferably, it is 2:3:4:5:2:1.

Preferably, the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Lactobacillus plantarum is ≥ 8 billion CFU/g.

Preferably, the effective viable bacteria count in the Pediococcus acidilactici is ≥ 8 billion CFU/g.

Preferably, the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 90 billion CFU/g.

Preferably, the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Lactobacillus casei is ≥ 8 billion CFU/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei are all purchased from Xi'an Xihai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Preferably, the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥ 90 billion CFU/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the Pediococcus acidilactici and Bacillus licheniformis are purchased from Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

Preferably, the number of active yeast cells of the brewer's yeast is ≥ 15 billion/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the brewer's yeast is purchased from Shandong Yingfeida Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The inventors found that when a specific probiotic is selected and the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-3): (2-4): (3-5): (4-6): (1-3): 1, the polyphenols in the fermented litchi pomace, especially the free phenol and soluble phenol content, can be significantly increased, while the activity of protease is improved, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This may be because Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, and Bacillus licheniformis work synergistically, on the one hand, can utilize nutrients such as sugars in litchi pomace to grow and reproduce during the fermentation process, and produce various enzymes through their metabolic activities, which can decompose the complex components in litchi pomace, promote the release of bound phenols in litchi pomace, and increase the content of soluble phenols. On the other hand, the fermentation of probiotics may also change the structure of components such as dietary fiber in litchi pomace, break the bond between it and polyphenols, thereby increasing the content of soluble phenols. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are compounded, and the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis is complementary. The proteases produced by them have different substrate specificity and action mechanisms, and they work together to act on the protein in the litchi pomace, thereby achieving a more comprehensive decomposition and utilization of the protein. At the same time, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has an environmental regulation effect, and the metabolites produced by it during the fermentation process help to activate the activity of certain proteases. The rich and highly active proteases are conducive to decomposing the macromolecular protein substances in the pomace into easily absorbable small molecules, making the fermented litchi pomace more suitable for adding to animal feed.

Preferably, the complex enzyme is cellulase and pectinase.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase is (4-6):1; more preferably, it is 5:1.

Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is ≥10000u/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the cellulase is purchased from Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

Preferably, the enzymatic activity of the pectinase is ≥25000u/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the pectinase is purchased from Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

The inventors found that by selecting specific cellulase and pectinase as composite enzymes, and the mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase is (4-6):1, the texture and taste of the fermented litchi pomace can be improved while ensuring the nutritional content of the fermented litchi pomace, making it easier for animals to digest and absorb. This may be because cellulase and pectinase can act together on the cell wall during the fermentation of litchi pomace, enhancing the degradation effect of cell wall components. Cellulase mainly degrades cellulose, while pectinase mainly degrades pectin. The synergistic effect of the two can make the cell wall degrade more thoroughly, thereby releasing more nutrients, such as reducing sugars such as glucose, thereby improving the nutritional value and taste of the fermented litchi pomace.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the probiotics to the complex enzyme is 1:(2-4); further preferably, it is 1:3.

The inventors found that when the mass ratio of probiotics to complex enzymes is 1:(2-4), due to the synergistic effect of cellulase and pectinase, the degradation of cell walls is more rapid and thorough, which provides more nutrients for the complex bacterial microorganisms, allowing the fermentation process to proceed more efficiently, shortening the fermentation time and increasing the nutritional content of the fermented lychee pomace, thereby promoting the healthy growth of animals.

Preferably, the added amount of the probiotics and complex enzyme is 1% to 5% of the mass of the pretreated litchi pomace; more preferably, it is 3%.

The feed is not particularly limited and can be anything that animals can eat, such as corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, etc.

Preferably, the added amount of the fermented litchi pomace is 100% to 120% of the feed mass.

In some preferred embodiments, the Candida lipolytica is purchased from Beijing Wanjia Standard Material Research and Development Center.

The prebiotics are manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides.

The mass ratio of manno-oligosaccharide to fructo-oligosaccharide is (1-3):1; more preferably, it is 2:1.

The mannooligosaccharide has an effective component content of ≥92%, a protein content of ≤1%, and a total colony count of ≤1000 CFU/g.

The content of effective ingredients in the fructooligosaccharide is ≥95%, and the total number of colonies is <10 CFU/g.

In some preferred embodiments, the manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides are purchased from Henan Guanqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The mass ratio of the Candida lipolytica to the prebiotics is (2-4):1; more preferably, it is 3:1.

The addition amount of the Candida lipolytica is 0.5% to 1.5% of the total mass of the fermented litchi pomace and feed.

In some preferred schemes, the feed and the fermented litchi pomace are subjected to secondary fermentation by using Candida lipolytica and prebiotics in a mass ratio of (2-4):1, which can further improve the activity of protease and promote the growth and development of animals. This may be because after the first fermentation, some anti-nutritional substances such as phytic acid, cellulose, and tannins still remain in the litchi pomace, affecting the palatability and nutritional value of the pomace. At the same time, traditional feeds such as soybean meal, wheat bran, and corn contain anti-nutritional factors, cellulose and other ingredients that are not easily absorbed by animals. The inventors found that by adding a certain amount of Candida lipolytica, not only can the anti-nutritional substances in litchi pomace and soybean meal be degraded, but also a variety of enzymes can be produced, which can degrade macromolecules such as cellulose and pectin in litchi pomace, corn, and wheat bran together with the residual composite enzyme, and convert them into small molecules. At the same time, the produced protease can also improve the protease activity and protein utilization, thereby improving the palatability of the feed and the intestinal health of the animal, and improving the nutritional value of the feed.

In addition, appropriate amounts of manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides are selected as prebiotics. The two prebiotics can not only promote the proliferation and growth of probiotics, but also have a synergistic effect with Candida lipolytica. On the one hand, fructo-oligosaccharides provide Candida lipolytica with the nutrients needed for growth and promote its colonization and reproduction in the intestine. On the other hand, manno-oligosaccharides and Candida lipolytica jointly inhibit the growth of pathogens by competing for nutrients and colonization sites in the intestine, thereby further enhancing intestinal health and improving the absorption of nutrients by the animal intestine, thereby promoting the growth and development of animals.

The present invention also includes animal feed prepared by the method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention provides a method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and synergistic probiotics, wherein the litchi pomace is fermented, the soluble phenol and other nutrients in the fermented litchi pomace are increased, and the activity of protease in the litchi pomace is increased, so as to facilitate the decomposition of macromolecular protein substances in the pomace into easily absorbable small molecules, and the fermented litchi pomace is applied to prepare animal feed, and secondary fermentation is performed, which can further degrade anti-nutrient substances and cellulose and other components, increase the content of easily absorbable nutrients, provide sufficient nutrition for animals, and promote animal growth and development. In addition, the present invention improves the comprehensive utilization rate of litchi pomace and increases the economic added value of the litchi industry.

2. The present invention adjusts the litchi pomace to a suitable pH range and adds a proper amount of calcium carbonate, thereby increasing the nutrient content in the final product.

3. The present invention selects specific probiotics, and when the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-3):(2-4):(3-5):(4-6):(1-3):1, the polyphenols in the fermented litchi pomace, especially the contents of free phenol and soluble phenol, can be significantly increased, while the activity of protease is improved, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

4. The present invention selects specific cellulase and pectinase as the composite enzyme, and when the mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase is (4-6):1, the texture and taste of the fermented litchi pomace can be improved while ensuring the nutritional components of the fermented litchi pomace, making it easier for animals to digest and absorb.

5. The present invention selects composite bacteria and composite enzymes in a mass ratio of 1: (2-4), shortens the fermentation time and improves the nutritional content of the fermented litchi pomace, thereby promoting the healthy growth of animals.

6. The present invention uses Candida lipolytica and prebiotics in a mass ratio of (2-4):1 to perform secondary fermentation on feed and fermented litchi pomace, which can further improve protease activity and promote the growth and development of animals.

7. The present invention selects appropriate amounts of manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides as prebiotics. The two prebiotics can not only promote the proliferation and growth of probiotics, but also have a synergistic effect with Candida lipolytica to improve the absorption of nutrients by the animal intestine, thereby promoting the growth and development of the animal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available, specifically:

The active lactic acid bacteria content in Lactobacillus plantarum is about 10 billion CFU/g, the active lactic acid bacteria content in Bacillus subtilis is about 100 billion CFU/g, and the active lactic acid bacteria content in Lactobacillus casei is about 10 billion CFU/g, all of which are purchased from Xi'an Xihai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The effective live bacteria count of Pediococcus acidilactici is about 10 billion CFU/g, and the active lactic acid bacteria count of Bacillus licheniformis is about 100 billion CFU/g, both of which were purchased from Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

The number of active yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was about 20 billion/g, which was purchased from Shandong Infida Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The enzymatic activity of cellulase is about 11000u/g, and the enzymatic activity of pectinase is about 30000u/g, both of which were purchased from Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.

Candida lipolytica was purchased from Beijing Wanjia Standard Material Research and Development Center.

Manno-oligosaccharide has an effective ingredient content of ≥92%, a protein content of ≤1%, and a total colony count of ≤1000 CFU/g; fructooligosaccharide has an effective ingredient content of ≥95%, and a total colony count of <10 CFU/g, all of which were purchased from Henan Guanqi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for preparing animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics, the steps are as follows:

S1, crushing litchi pomace and adding water to adjust the water content to 65% to obtain litchi pomace liquid, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding calcium carbonate, stirring evenly and homogenizing at 85° C. for 15 min to obtain pretreated litchi pomace;

S2, mixing the pretreated litchi pomace, probiotics and complex enzyme, and fermenting at 35° C. for 60 h to obtain fermented litchi pomace;

S3. Evenly mix the fermented litchi pomace and feed, add Candida lipolytica and prebiotics, and perform secondary fermentation at 28° C. for 36 hours to obtain animal feed.

The solid-to-liquid ratio of the calcium carbonate to the litchi pomace liquid is 6g:1L.

The probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:3:4:5:2:1.

The complex enzyme is cellulase and pectinase.

The mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase is 5:1.

The mass ratio of the probiotics to the complex enzyme is 1:3.

The added amount of the probiotics and the complex enzyme is 3% of the mass of the pretreated litchi pomace.

The feed is corn, wheat bran and soybean meal.

The mass ratio of the corn, wheat bran and soybean meal is 2:2:1.

The added amount of the fermented litchi pomace is 110% of the mass of the feed.

The prebiotics are manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides.

The mass ratio of manno-oligosaccharide to fructo-oligosaccharide is 2:1.

The mass ratio of the Candida lipolytica to the prebiotics is 3:1.

The addition amount of the Candida lipolytica is 1% of the total mass of the fermented litchi pomace and feed.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the solid-liquid ratio of the calcium carbonate to the litchi pomace liquid is 7 g:1 L.

Example 3

The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 3:4:4:4:1:1.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pH value of the litchi pomace is not adjusted.

Comparative Example 2

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no calcium carbonate is added.

Comparative Example 3

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:3:5:2:1.

Comparative Example 4

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the probiotics are a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:3:4:2:1.

Comparative Example 5

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus casei and saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2:3:4:5:1.

Comparative Example 6

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the composite enzyme is cellulase.

Comparative Example 7

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the composite bacteria to the composite enzyme is 1:1.

Comparative Example 8

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: S3, the fermented litchi pomace and the feed are mixed evenly to obtain animal feed.

Comparative Example 9

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is as follows: S3, the fermented litchi pomace and feed are mixed evenly, and a certain amount of Candida lipolytica is added, and secondary fermentation is carried out at 28° C. for 36 hours to obtain animal feed.

Comparative Example 10

The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the prebiotic is fructooligosaccharide.

Performance Testing

The activity of protease in the fermented litchi pomace was tested with reference to the method in GB/T 23527-2009 "Protease Activity"; the soluble phenol content in the fermented litchi pomace was tested with reference to the method in the paper "Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Litchi Pomace" published by Gong Xiaojie et al. 39 weaned piglets with an initial weight of 5.5-6 kg were randomly divided into 13 groups, 3 piglets in each group, and each group was fed with animal feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 three times a day in the morning, noon and evening, and the initial weight and the weight of the piglets after 30 days of feeding were measured, and the average value was taken to calculate the weight gain rate of the piglets, weight gain rate (%) = (weight after 30 days - initial weight) / initial weight × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Measurement results

According to statistics, the fermented litchi pomace prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has high protease activity and high soluble phenol content, and the prepared animal feed can greatly increase the weight of animals and make animals grow healthily. Comparative Example 1 does not adjust the pH value, Comparative Example 2 does not add calcium carbonate, Comparative Example 3 does not add Bacillus subtilis, Comparative Example 4 does not add Lactobacillus casei, Comparative Example 5 does not add Bacillus licheniformis, Comparative Example 6 does not add pectinase, Comparative Example 7 does not add too little complex enzyme, Comparative Example 8 does not perform secondary fermentation, Comparative Example 9 does not add prebiotics, Comparative Example 10 does not add manno-oligosaccharide, and the prepared fermented litchi pomace has low protease activity and soluble phenol content, and the animal grows slowly. Therefore, the method described in the present application increases the soluble phenol and other nutrients in the fermented litchi pomace, and at the same time increases the activity of the protease in the litchi pomace, thereby facilitating the decomposition of the macromolecular protein substances in the pomace into easily absorbable small molecular substances, and the fermented litchi pomace is applied to prepare animal feed, and secondary fermentation is performed, which can further degrade anti-nutrient substances and cellulose and other components, increase the content of easily absorbable nutrients, provide sufficient nutrition for animals, and promote animal growth and development. In addition, the present invention increases the comprehensive utilization rate of litchi pomace and increases the economic added value of the litchi industry.

The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, after crushing litchi pomace, adding water to adjust the water content to 60% to 70%, obtaining litchi pomace liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5 to 6.5, adding calcium carbonate, stirring evenly, and homogenizing at 80 to 90° C. for 10 to 20 minutes to obtain pretreated litchi pomace; S2, mixing the pretreated litchi pomace, probiotics and complex enzyme, and fermenting at 30-40° C. for 48-72 h to obtain fermented litchi pomace; S3, mixing the fermented litchi pomace and feed evenly, adding Candida lipolytica and prebiotics, and performing secondary fermentation at 25-30° C. for 24-48 hours to obtain animal feed; The solid-liquid ratio of the calcium carbonate and the litchi pomace liquid is 5-7 g:1 L; the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the mass ratio of the Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-3):(2-4):(3-5):(4-6):(1-3):1; the prebiotics are manno-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides. 2. The method for preparing animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 90 billion CFU/g. 3. The method for preparing an animal feed of fermented litchi pomace synergistic with probiotics according to claim 2, wherein the active lactic acid bacteria content in the Lactobacillus casei is ≥8 billion CFU/gram. 4. The method for preparing animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 3, characterized in that the content of active lactic acid bacteria in the Bacillus licheniformis is ≥ 90 billion CFU/g. 5. The method for preparing animal feed with fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of active yeast cells of the brewer's yeast is ≥ 15 billion/g. 6. The method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 1, characterized in that the complex enzyme is cellulase and pectinase. 7. The method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 6, characterized in that the mass ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase is (4-6):1. 8. The method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 7, characterized in that the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is ≥10000u/g. 9. The method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace and probiotics according to claim 8, characterized in that the enzyme activity of the pectinase is ≥25000u/g. 10. An animal feed prepared according to the method for preparing animal feed of fermented litchi pomace synergized with probiotics according to any one of claims 1 to 9.