CN118685604B - Martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
本发明属于马氏体不锈钢技术领域，具体为一种刀具用马氏体不锈钢及其制备方法，在传统马氏体不锈钢中加入一定量的Mo、V元素，具有固溶强化和细化晶粒的作用，且匹配改进的淬火‑回火热处理工艺改善碳化物尺寸及分布，制备得到的刀具用马氏体不锈钢，具有良好的强韧性。所述刀具用马氏体不锈钢的屈服强度为1150~1200MPa，抗拉强度为1450~1600MPa，延伸率≥9.0%，冲击韧性≥55J/cm2，硬度为48~50HRC；本发明制备得到的刀具用马氏体不锈钢克服了以往马氏体不锈钢强度高、韧性差的问题，兼具高强度和高韧性，具有较高的工程应用价值和经济效益。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of martensitic stainless steel, specifically a martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools and a preparation method thereof, wherein a certain amount of Mo and V elements are added to the traditional martensitic stainless steel, which has the effect of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement, and the carbide size and distribution are improved by matching the improved quenching-tempering heat treatment process, and the prepared martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools has good strength and toughness. The yield strength of the martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools is 1150-1200MPa, the tensile strength is 1450-1600MPa, the elongation is ≥9.0%, the impact toughness is ≥55J/cm 2 , and the hardness is 48-50HRC; the martensitic stainless steel for cutting tools prepared by the present invention overcomes the problem of high strength and poor toughness of the previous martensitic stainless steel, has both high strength and high toughness, and has high engineering application value and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of martensitic stainless steel, in particular to martensitic stainless steel for a cutter and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The martensitic stainless steel is widely applied to the fields of manufacturing high-performance cutting tools (high-precision professional tools such as medical treatment, food processing, military industry and the like), aerospace, mould manufacturing, ship and other high-end equipment due to the characteristics of high strength, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance and the like, and has high added value of products and large market demand. The materials commonly used in the main stream cutters in China are martensitic stainless steel such as 20Cr13, 30Cr13 and 40Cr13, and compared with the materials for the cutters of internationally known brands, the materials have a certain difference in quality, and the price is different by several times or even tens of times compared with the price in foreign countries. The domestic martensitic stainless steel tool generally faces the problem of insufficient toughness, so that theoretical research on strengthening and toughening of martensitic stainless steel is carried out, key theory and technical bottleneck of manufacturing the martensitic stainless steel tool are broken through, and the engineering application value and potential economic benefit are high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide martensitic stainless steel for a cutter and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:
A preparation method of martensitic stainless steel for a cutter comprises the following steps:
S1, smelting and casting to obtain a casting blank;
S2, hot rolling the casting blank to obtain a hot rolled plate;
s3, performing spheroidizing annealing on the hot rolled plate;
s4, cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate;
S5, quenching-tempering treatment is carried out on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the austenitizing temperature of quenching is 950-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min; the quenching mode is water cooling; the tempering temperature is 240-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min; the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is obtained, wherein the content of Mo element in the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is 0.1-0.4wt% and the content of V element is 0.1-0.3wt%.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, the invention comprises the following steps: in the step S2, hot rolling is carried out in an austenitizing temperature range, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the total rolling reduction is more than or equal to 85%, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature after hot rolling.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, the invention comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the annealing process is as follows: firstly, preserving heat at 860-890 ℃ for 60-65 min, then cooling to 590-600 ℃ along with a furnace, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
As a preferable scheme of the preparation method of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, the invention comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the total rolling reduction is 60-70%.
In order to solve the above technical problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:
The martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
As a preferable embodiment of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter according to the present invention, wherein: the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter comprises ,C：0.2~0.3%,Cr：11~14%,Mn：0.5~1.0%,Si：0.5~1.0%,Mo：0.1~0.4%,V：0.1~0.3%,Ni：0.2~0.8%,P<0.01%,S<0.01%, parts by mass of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
As a preferable embodiment of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter according to the present invention, wherein: the carbide size of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter is 0.5 mu m or less, and the grain size of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter is 10 mu m or less.
As a preferable embodiment of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter according to the present invention, wherein: the yield strength of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is 1150-1200 MPa, the tensile strength is 1450-160 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 9.0%, the impact toughness is more than or equal to 55J/cm 2, and the hardness is 48-50 HRC.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The martensitic stainless steel for the cutter and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that a certain amount of Mo and V elements are added into the traditional martensitic stainless steel, the effects of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement are achieved, the size and the distribution of carbide are improved by matching with an improved quenching-tempering heat treatment process, and the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is prepared and has good toughness. The yield strength of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is 1150-1200 MPa, the tensile strength is 1450-160 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 9.0%, the impact toughness is more than or equal to 55J/cm 2, and the hardness is 48-50 HRC; the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, which is prepared by the invention, overcomes the problems of high strength and poor toughness of the prior martensitic stainless steel, has high strength and high toughness, and has higher engineering application value and economic benefit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of martensitic stainless steel for a cutting tool, which is prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made clearly and fully with reference to the technical solutions in the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides martensitic stainless steel for a cutter and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein components are adjusted, a heat treatment process is strictly controlled to obtain a uniform structure, so that good mechanical properties are obtained, and the problems of high strength and poor toughness of the martensitic stainless steel are overcome.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of martensitic stainless steel for a cutter comprises the following steps:
S1, smelting and casting to obtain a casting blank;
S2, hot rolling the casting blank to obtain a hot rolled plate;
s3, performing spheroidizing annealing on the hot rolled plate;
s4, cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate;
S5, quenching-tempering treatment is carried out on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the austenitizing temperature of quenching is 950-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min; the quenching mode is water cooling; the tempering temperature is 240-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min; the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is obtained, wherein the content of Mo element in the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is 0.1-0.4wt% and the content of V element is 0.1-0.3wt%.
According to the invention, a certain amount of Mo and V elements are added into the traditional martensitic stainless steel, so that the martensitic stainless steel has the effects of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement, and the size and distribution of carbide are improved by matching with an improved quenching-tempering heat treatment process, and the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, which is prepared, has good toughness.
Preferably, in the step S2, the casting blank is used as a raw material, and the casting blank is heated, hot rolled and pickled to obtain a hot rolled plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the hot rolled plate is hot rolled in an austenitizing temperature range, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the total reduction is more than or equal to 85%, and the hot rolled plate is air cooled to room temperature after hot rolling. Specifically, the heating temperature may be, for example, any one or a range between any two of 1200 ℃, 1210 ℃, 1220 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1250 ℃; the start rolling temperature may be, for example, any one or a range between any two of 1150 ℃, 1160 ℃, 1170 ℃, 1180 ℃, 1190 ℃ and 1200 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S3, the annealing process is as follows: firstly, preserving heat at 860-890 ℃ for 60-65 min, then cooling to 590-600 ℃ along with a furnace, and then air-cooling to room temperature. Specifically, the holding temperature may be, for example, any one or any range between 860 ℃, 870 ℃, 880 ℃, 890 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S4, the total rolling reduction is 60 to 70%. Specifically, the total cold rolling reduction may be, for example, any one of 60%, 62.5%, 65%, 67.5%, 70% or a range between any two thereof.
Preferably, in the step S5, specifically, the austenitizing temperature may be, for example, in a range between any one or any two of 950 ℃, 960 ℃, 970 ℃, 980 ℃, 990 ℃, 1000 ℃, and the tempering temperature may be, for example, in a range between any one or any two of 240 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 280 ℃, 290 ℃, 300 ℃.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Preferably, the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter has a composition comprising ,C：0.2~0.3%,Cr：11~14%,Mn：0.5~1.0%,Si：0.5~1.0%,Mo：0.1~0.4%,V：0.1~0.3%,Ni：0.2~0.8%,P<0.01%,S<0.01%, a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements in mass percent.
C is a main austenitizing element, is a main element for improving the hardness and strength of steel, and has strong solid solution strengthening effect and precipitation strengthening effect. When the carbon content is less than 0.2wt%, the strength and hardness thereof are relatively low; when the carbon content is higher than 0.3wt%, chromium carbide is more formed, resulting in a locally chromium-lean spot, and the corrosion resistance of the material is lowered. Cr can form a layer of oxide film on the surface of the material, so that the corrosion resistance of the material is effectively improved. To achieve good corrosion resistance, the Cr content should be 11wt% or more. Meanwhile, cr is also a strong ferrite forming element, and a delta ferrite phase is easily generated at a high temperature, and hot workability is lowered, so that the upper limit of the content thereof cannot be higher than 14wt%. Mn is also an austenite forming element, and meanwhile, a proper amount of Mn can be used as a weak deoxidizer to eliminate the influence of S, O on the hot brittleness of the steel, but too high Mn content (more than 1 wt%) can harden and embrittle the steel, which is unfavorable for toughness, and too low Mn content (less than 0.5 wt%) can lead to weakening of deoxidizing and desulfurizing effects. Si is a strong deoxidizer and has the function of solid solution strengthening. However, too high a content may cause deterioration of ductility of the steel, and not more than 1wt% of the steel should be contained, and too low a content (less than 0.5 wt%) may cause insufficient deoxidizing effect. Mo can improve the corrosion resistance of the material, can play a role in solid solution strengthening, can improve the hardenability and workability of the steel, can refine grains and can improve the toughness of the steel. When the molybdenum content is less than 0.1wt%, the strengthening effect is not obvious, on the other hand, molybdenum is used as a noble metal, the comprehensive cost and the effect of the molybdenum are combined, and the upper limit of the molybdenum content is 0.4wt%; specifically, the Mo content may be, for example, any one or a range between any two of 0.1wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%; v is a strong carbide forming element, and when the V reaches more than 0.1 weight percent, the grain of the structure can be thinned, so that the strength and the toughness of the steel are improved. However, too high a content of V may reduce ductility and toughness, and generate unnecessary primary carbides, the upper limit of which is 0.3wt%. Specifically, the V content may be, for example, any one or a range between any two of 0.1wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3 wt%; ni can effectively enlarge an austenite phase region, improve the stability of austenite, reduce the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steel, improve the toughness of steel, and the content of Ni higher than the upper limit of 1wt% can cause the increase of residual austenite and reduce the strength of the material. The P, S element is liable to segregate in grain boundaries, and reduces the hot workability of the material, so that the lower the content, the better.
Preferably, the carbide size of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter is 0.5 μm or less, and the grain size of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter is 10 μm or less; the yield strength of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is 1150-1200 MPa, the tensile strength is 1450-160 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 9.0%, the impact toughness is more than or equal to 55J/cm 2, and the hardness is 48-50 HRC.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of martensitic stainless steel for a cutter comprises the following steps:
S1, smelting and casting to obtain a casting blank;
S2, heating, hot rolling and pickling the casting blank serving as a raw material to obtain a hot rolled plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the hot rolling is performed in an austenitizing temperature interval, the initial rolling temperature is 1180 ℃, the total reduction is 85%, and the hot rolling is performed and then air cooling is performed to room temperature;
S3, performing spheroidizing annealing on the hot rolled plate; the annealing process comprises the following steps: firstly preserving heat at 890 ℃ for 60min, then cooling to 590 ℃ along with a furnace, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
S4, cold rolling the annealed hot-rolled plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate; the total rolling reduction is 62.5%;
S5, quenching and tempering the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the austenitizing temperature of quenching is 990 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5min; the quenching mode is water cooling; the tempering temperature is 250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30min; the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter is obtained, and a tissue diagram of the martensitic stainless steel for the cutter, which is prepared in the embodiment, is shown in fig. 1; the martensitic stainless steel composition for a cutter is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Martensitic stainless Steel for cutting tools composition (wt.%)
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that in step S5, the austenitizing temperature is 950 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that a commercial 20Cr13 cold-rolled sheet was used.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that a commercial 20Cr13 cold-rolled sheet was used.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that in step S5, the austenitizing temperature is 1030 ℃.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that in step S5, the tempering temperature is 220 ℃.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that in step S3, the temperature was kept at 830℃for 60 minutes.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter has a Mo element content of 0.8wt%.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the V element content of the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter is 0.5wt%.
Comparative example 8
The difference from example 1 is that the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter does not contain Mo, V.
The properties of the martensitic stainless steels obtained in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were examined, and the results are shown in Table 2:
Table 2 properties of martensitic stainless steels obtained in examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the inventive examples have better toughness than the comparative examples and maintain relatively high strength. As can be seen from fig. 1, the martensitic stainless steel for a cutter in the embodiment 1 of the present invention mainly comprises tempered martensite and carbide, the prior austenite grains are relatively fine, the carbide inside is mainly submicron and nanometer, and is dispersed in the grains, so that microcrack nucleation caused by the carbide in the ductile fracture process is effectively reduced, and the ductile and strong properties of the carbide are ensured.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the content of the present invention or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| JP2968844B2 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1999-11-02 | 日立金属株式会社 | High hardness martensitic stainless steel with excellent pitting resistance |
| JP5234876B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2013-07-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Manufacturing method of high-tensile cold-rolled steel sheet |
| JP5033584B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2012-09-26 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Martensitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance |
| CN104451421B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2017-01-11 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness bimetallic strip saw blade back steel and preparation method thereof |
| US10196718B2 (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2019-02-05 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Steel strip for cutlery |
| CN107723616A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏延汉材料科技有限公司 | A kind of martensitic stain less steel and its manufacture method |
| CN107699815B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-08-30 | 上海大学 | Stainless steel for cutting tools with high hardness and high toughness and preparation method thereof |
| JP7404792B2 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2023-12-26 | 株式会社プロテリアル | Martensitic stainless steel parts and their manufacturing method |
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| CN116516234A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 江苏宏晟模具钢材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of pre-hardened high-toughness high-polishing stainless die steel |
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