CN118680541A - Method and system for determining electrode position of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for determining the electrode position of pulmonary impedance imaging in spontaneous breathing in the field of medical imaging technology, comprising the following steps: step one, data acquisition: let the subject to be tested perform spontaneous breathing, and record the electrical impedance data, body temperature data and lung ventilation data of the subject to be tested; step two, data processing: based on the acquired electrical impedance data, calculate the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing in combination with the lung ventilation data; step three, position determination: based on the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing, determine the electrode position; step four, verification and adjustment: verify whether the determined electrode position is accurate through actual measurement and simulation, and compare the imaging effect and data quality under different electrode positions. The present invention fits the human chest position through an electrode fitting mechanism, distributes the electrode array outside the chest, ensures close contact between the electrode and the skin, and thus improves the acquisition quality of the electrical impedance data.

Description

Method and system for determining electrode position of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the field of medical imaging technology, and in particular relates to a method and a system for determining electrode positions of lung electrical impedance imaging during spontaneous breathing.

Background Art

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an emerging imaging technology developed in recent decades. It is non-invasive, safe, radiation-free, fast-response, and portable, providing doctors with a new diagnostic tool, especially in lung function monitoring, where its application value is particularly significant. The imaging principle of EIT technology is based on the difference in the conductivity of chest tissue. A set of electrode arrays are evenly arranged on the chest, and a safe AC excitation signal is applied to measure the voltage signals between the remaining electrode pairs. Changes in these voltage signals reflect changes in the conductivity of chest tissue, which can indirectly reflect the ventilation status of the lungs. With the help of advanced reconstruction image algorithms, these voltage signals are converted into three-dimensional images of the distribution of lung conductivity, allowing doctors to intuitively observe the functional status of the lungs.

Pulmonary function imaging has become one of the current research hotspots in the field of EIT and has shown broad application prospects. In the treatment of lung diseases, EIT technology can observe lung ventilation in real time, help doctors evaluate the treatment effect, and adjust the treatment plan in time. In intensive care and respiratory monitoring, EIT technology can continuously monitor the patient's respiratory function, detect abnormalities in time, and provide doctors with important clinical information. In recent years, as researchers have conducted in-depth research on EIT technology and explored more novel imaging algorithms, electrical impedance imaging technology has been relatively maturely applied to the monitoring of lung diseases.

Existing pulmonary electrical impedance imaging technology often uses a strap-type device, and the EIT electrode is placed on a certain layer of the chest. Therefore, the current injected into the chest can only be distributed in the chest area near the EIT electrode layer. Due to the limitation of current distribution, the EIT image may only reflect the impedance changes near the electrode layer and cannot completely cover the entire human chest. This difference in EIT images caused by the position of the electrode may affect the clinical interpretation and judgment of the EIT image. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method and system for determining the electrode position of pulmonary electrical impedance imaging during spontaneous breathing.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem that the above-mentioned EIT electrodes are placed on a certain layer of the chest section and only the chest EIT electrodes near the section can be collected, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for determining the electrode position of lung electrical impedance imaging during spontaneous breathing, by which the electrode fitting mechanism is fitted to the position of the human chest cavity, and the electrode array is distributed on the outside of the chest cavity, ensuring close contact between the electrode and the skin, thereby improving the collection quality of electrical impedance data.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for determining the electrode position of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing comprises the following steps:

Step 1, data collection: let the subject to be tested breathe spontaneously, and record the electrical impedance data, body temperature data and lung ventilation data of the subject to be tested;

Step 2, data processing: based on the acquired electrical impedance data, use image processing technology to generate lung electrical impedance images of different breathing, based on the lung electrical impedance images of different breathing, use mathematical models to calculate respiratory impedance, respiratory impedance includes the change of electrical impedance of the lungs during breathing, and calculate the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing in combination with lung ventilation data;

Step 3, position determination: based on the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing, calculate the slope corresponding to the ventilation impedance ratio of each stage, take the slope of each stage as the target slope, and the target slope is used for subsequent electrode position determination; based on the target slope, determine the electrode position;

Step 4: Verification and adjustment: Verify whether the determined electrode position is accurate through actual measurement and simulation, and compare the imaging effect and data quality under different electrode positions; if the determined electrode position is inaccurate, adjust the electrode position and re-collect and process the data.

Furthermore, in step one, electrical impedance data and body temperature data are collected using an electrode fitting mechanism, in which electrodes are distributed in an array. During breathing, the electrode fitting mechanism adjusts the contact pressure with the skin according to the elasticity of the skin; the pulmonary ventilation data includes the ventilation volume of the respiratory frequency.

Furthermore, in step 2, the impedance image includes the distribution of impedance under different breathing conditions, and the mathematical model algorithm analyzes the changing trend of the lung impedance based on the changes in the impedance image combined with the changes in body temperature and lung ventilation data.

Furthermore, in step three, the determination of the electrode position includes comparing the relationship between the target slope at different electrode positions and a preset threshold, and searching for the electrode position using an optimization algorithm.

Furthermore, in step four, the electrode position is adjusted by an electrode bonding mechanism.

Furthermore, the electrode bonding mechanism includes an elastic restraint garment, which is a mesh vest. The mesh vest divides the elastic restraint garment into a number of mesh structures. The waist of the elastic restraint garment is detachably connected with a number of waist fixing straps, and the shoulders of the elastic restraint garment are detachably connected with a number of shoulder fixing straps. The mesh structure of the elastic restraint garment is slidably connected with bonding components, and the inside of the bonding components are detachably connected with electrode patches. The bonding components are fixedly connected with temperature sensors at the places where the bonding components are bonded to the skin, and the bonding components are electrically connected to an external power supply.

Furthermore, the fitting component includes an outer shell, a vacuum pump and a vacuum tube. The outer shell is provided with a slide groove that slides with the mesh structure, and the outer shell is provided with a groove where it fits the skin. The input end of the vacuum pump is connected to the groove, and the output end of the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum tube. The output end of the vacuum tube is connected to an electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve signal is connected to a controller, and the controller is fixedly connected to the outside of the vacuum pump.

Further, a system for determining electrode positions of electrical impedance imaging of the lungs during spontaneous breathing comprises an electrode array module, an electrical impedance measurement module, a data processing and analysis module, a position determination and adjustment module and an interactive display module;

The electrode array module includes a plurality of electrode units in a distributed array and is worn on the chest of the subject to be tested through an electrode fitting mechanism;

The electrical impedance measurement module is used to apply a weak current to the electrode unit and measure the resulting voltage change; the electrical impedance measurement module obtains electrical impedance data by controlling the current and voltage of the electrode unit;

The data processing module uses mathematical model algorithms to analyze the distribution of electrical impedance at different breathing stages and identify the boundaries and internal structures of the lung area;

The position determination module determines whether the electrode position is accurate based on the output of the data processing module. If it is inaccurate, it is calculated and adjusted through an optimization algorithm.

Interactive display module, used to set system parameters, view electrode positions and electrical impedance distribution images.

Furthermore, the data processing module receives the raw data from the electrical impedance measurement module and performs preprocessing, filtering and feature extraction.

Furthermore, the interactive display module provides a user interactive interface to display the electrode positions and electrical impedance imaging results in real time.

The basic scheme has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can more comprehensively understand the functional state of the lungs during the breathing process by collecting various data of the object to be tested in real time and combining the electrical impedance data with the respiratory frequency, providing a more comprehensive basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The lung structure and electrical impedance distribution of different patients may be different. By searching the electrode position through the optimization algorithm, the electrode position selection that is personalized and adapted to each patient can be achieved. This helps to more accurately reflect the changes in the lung electrical impedance of each patient and provide a more reliable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

2. The data acquisition of the present invention is carried out through an electrode fitting mechanism, and an elastic restraint is used to better fit the position of the human chest cavity, and the electrode array is distributed on the outside of the chest cavity. It also has an adjustment function, and uses a vacuum adsorption method to enable the electrode to adjust the corresponding pressure according to the shape and elasticity of the skin surface, ensuring close contact between the electrode and the skin, which helps to improve the acquisition quality of the impedance data and reduce errors caused by poor contact or movement. At the same time, it also helps to find the best electrode position to ensure that the electrode can accurately capture the changes in the lung impedance, further improving the accuracy and reliability of lung impedance imaging.

3. The present invention can more accurately reflect the changes in the impedance of the lungs during breathing by real-time acquisition and analysis of the changes in the impedance image, combined with the changes in body temperature and respiratory rate data. Related studies have shown that for every 1 degree increase in human body temperature, breathing increases by approximately 4 times per minute. Through impedance imaging technology, doctors can observe the boundaries and internal structures of the lung area. When the patient's body temperature changes, his respiratory rate will also change accordingly, and this respiratory change will further affect the impedance distribution of the lungs. Therefore, by combining body temperature signals with impedance imaging, doctors can more accurately judge the condition of the lungs, especially in a diseased state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining electrode positions of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG2 is a structural block diagram of a system for determining electrode positions of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the electrode bonding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bonding component in an electrode bonding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: elastic restraint garment 1, waist fixing belt 2, shoulder fixing belt 3, fitting component 4, electrode patch 5, temperature sensor 6, vacuum pump 7, vacuum tube 8, controller 9.

Embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 1-2, is a method for determining electrode positions of pulmonary electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, data collection: let the subject to be tested breathe spontaneously, and record the electrical impedance data, body temperature data and lung ventilation data of the subject to be tested; the electrical impedance data and body temperature data are collected by an electrode fitting mechanism, and the electrode fitting mechanism has electrodes distributed in an array. During the breathing process, the electrode fitting mechanism adjusts the contact pressure with the skin according to the elasticity of the skin; the lung ventilation data includes the ventilation volume of the respiratory frequency.

Step 2, data processing: based on the acquired impedance data, use image processing technology to generate lung impedance images of different breathing conditions. The impedance images include the impedance distribution of different breathing conditions. Based on the lung impedance images of different breathing conditions, use mathematical model algorithms to calculate respiratory impedance. Respiratory impedance includes the impedance changes of the lungs during breathing. Combined with the pulmonary ventilation data, calculate the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing conditions. The mathematical model algorithm analyzes the changing trend of lung impedance based on the changes in impedance images, combined with changes in body temperature and pulmonary ventilation data.

Step three, position determination: based on the ventilation impedance ratio of different breathing, calculate the slope corresponding to the ventilation impedance ratio of each stage, take the slope of each stage as the target slope, and the target slope is used for subsequent electrode position determination; based on the target slope, determine the electrode position; the electrode position determination includes comparing the relationship between the target slope under different electrode positions and the preset threshold, and searching the electrode position using an optimization algorithm.

Step 4: Verification and adjustment: Verify whether the determined electrode position is accurate through actual measurement and simulation, and compare the imaging effect and data quality under different electrode positions; if the determined electrode position is inaccurate, adjust the electrode position through the electrode fitting mechanism and re-collect and process data.

This method determines whether the electrode position is accurate through the optimization algorithm, and compares the imaging effect and data quality under different electrode positions, which can timely discover and correct the problem of electrode position. It can make personalized electrode position determination according to the impedance data and pulmonary ventilation data of different subjects, and search for the most suitable electrode position through the optimization algorithm. Therefore, it can provide pulmonary impedance imaging results that are more in line with individual characteristics, help to more accurately reflect the changes in pulmonary impedance of different patients, and provide a more reliable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

A system for determining electrode positions of pulmonary electrical impedance imaging during spontaneous breathing, comprising an electrode array module, an electrical impedance measurement module, a data processing and analysis module, a position determination and adjustment module, and an interactive display module;

The electrode array module includes a plurality of electrode units in a distributed array and is worn on the chest of the subject to be tested through an electrode fitting mechanism.

The electrical impedance measurement module is used to apply a weak current to the electrode unit and measure the resulting voltage change; and obtain electrical impedance data by controlling the current and voltage of the electrode unit.

The data processing module receives the raw data from the impedance measurement module and performs preprocessing, filtering and feature extraction. It uses a mathematical model algorithm to analyze the impedance distribution in different breathing stages and identify the boundaries and internal structures of the lung area.

The position determination module determines whether the electrode position is accurate based on the output of the data processing module. If it is inaccurate, it is calculated and adjusted through an optimization algorithm.

The interactive display module provides a user interactive interface, displays the electrode position and electrical impedance imaging results in real time, and is used to set system parameters and view the electrode position and electrical impedance distribution images.

This system obtains accurate impedance data through the electrode array module and the impedance measurement module, collects data in real time through the impedance measurement module, analyzes the impedance distribution characteristics through the data processing and analysis module, and uses the optimization algorithm to determine whether the electrode position is accurate. The interactive display module allows users to easily set system parameters and view the electrode position and impedance distribution image in real time. This interactive and visual design allows users to intuitively understand the system's operating status and imaging results.

Example 2

The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the electrode bonding mechanism includes an elastic restraint garment 1, which is a mesh vest that divides the elastic restraint garment 1 into a plurality of mesh structures; a plurality of waist fixing straps 2 are detachably bonded to the waist of the elastic restraint garment 1; and a plurality of shoulder fixing straps 3 are detachably bonded to the shoulders of the elastic restraint garment 1.

The mesh structure of the elastic restraint garment 1 is slidably connected with a fitting component 4, and the fitting component 4 is detachably connected with an electrode patch 5, and the fitting component 4 is fixedly bonded with a temperature sensor 6 where it fits the skin. The model of the temperature sensor 6 is preferably OS136A-1-MA.

The fitting component 4 includes an outer shell, a vacuum pump 7 and a vacuum tube 8. The outer shell is provided with a slide groove that slides with the mesh structure. The outer shell is provided with a groove where it fits the skin. The input end of the vacuum pump 7 is connected to the groove. The vacuum pump 7 is preferably CJD5-PCF-5015N. The vacuum pump 7 is electrically connected to an external power supply. The output end of the vacuum pump 7 is connected to the vacuum tube 8. The output end of the vacuum tube 8 is connected to a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve model is preferably V124D03. The solenoid valve signal is connected to a controller 9. The controller 9 model is preferably STM32F103C8T6. The controller 9 is fixedly connected to the outside of the vacuum pump 7 with screws.

The specific implementation process is as follows: when it is necessary to collect electrical impedance data, first wear the elastic restraint garment 1 on the body. The elastic restraint garment 1 adopts a mesh vest design, which is ergonomic, comfortable to wear, and reduces the impact on the patient's activities. Then fix the position through the waist fixing belt 2 and the shoulder fixing belt 3, place the electrode patch 5 on the fitting component 4, and the fitting component 4 adsorbs the electrode patch 5 on the human skin. Start the vacuum pump 7 through the controller 9, the vacuum pump 7 sucks the air in the shell, and forms a negative pressure in the groove of the shell, so that the electrode patch 5 fits tightly on the skin to adapt to the body shape of different age groups. When the skin of the elderly is relatively loose, it can also fit well on its skin surface to ensure the stable transmission and collection of electrode signals. The skin temperature is collected by the temperature sensor 6, and the data is transmitted to the external device, and the body temperature signal is combined with electrical impedance imaging.

When the position of the electrode patch 5 needs to be adjusted, the negative pressure in the housing groove is released by the vacuum pump 7, so that the electrode patch 5 is loosened. Since the fitting component 4 is slidably connected to the mesh structure, the fitting component 4 can slide and fit in the mesh structure. When it is adjusted to a suitable position, the air in the groove is sucked again, so that the electrode patch 5 detachably connected to the fitting component 4 fits on the skin. This vacuum adsorption method is used to adapt to the skin condition of each person, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of lung electrical impedance imaging.

It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can know all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of determining the position of an electrode for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, data acquisition: allowing the object to be tested to breathe spontaneously, and recording electrical impedance data, body temperature data and lung ventilation data of the object to be tested;

step two, data processing: based on the acquired electrical impedance data, generating lung electrical impedance images of different breaths by using an image processing technology, calculating respiratory impedance by using a mathematical model algorithm based on the lung electrical impedance images of different breaths, wherein the respiratory impedance comprises the electrical impedance change condition of the lung in the respiratory process, and calculating the ventilation impedance ratio of different breaths by combining the lung ventilation data;

Step three, position judgment: calculating the corresponding slope of the ventilation impedance ratio of each stage based on the ventilation impedance ratio of different breaths, and taking the slope of each stage as a target slope for judging the position of a subsequent electrode; determining an electrode position based on the target slope;

Step four, verification and adjustment: whether the electrode positions are accurate or not is judged through actual measurement and simulation verification, and imaging effects and data quality at different electrode positions are compared; and if the determined electrode position is inaccurate, adjusting the electrode position and carrying out data acquisition and data processing again.

2. The method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the electrical impedance data and the body temperature data are acquired by adopting an electrode attaching mechanism, electrodes are distributed in the electrode attaching mechanism in an array manner, and the electrode attaching mechanism adjusts the contact pressure with the skin according to the skin elasticity in the breathing process; the lung ventilation data includes ventilation of respiratory rate.

3. The method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing according to claim 2, wherein: in the second step, the electrical impedance image comprises electrical impedance distribution conditions of different breaths, and the mathematical model algorithm is based on the change of the electrical impedance image, combines the change of the body temperature and the lung ventilation data, and analyzes the change trend of the electrical impedance of the lung.

4. A method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the third step, the electrode position determination includes comparing the relation between the target slope and the preset threshold value at different electrode positions, and searching the electrode position by using an optimization algorithm.

5. The method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing of claim 4, wherein: in the fourth step, the electrode position is adjusted by an electrode attaching mechanism.

6. The method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing of claim 5, wherein: the electrode laminating mechanism includes elasticity constraint clothing, and elasticity constraint clothing is netted type vest, and netted type vest divides elasticity constraint clothing into a plurality of network structure, and elasticity constraint clothing waist can be dismantled and be connected with a plurality of waist fixed bands, and elasticity constraint clothing shoulder can be dismantled and be connected with a plurality of shoulder fixed bands, and equal sliding connection has laminating subassembly on the elasticity constraint clothing netted structure, and laminating subassembly is inside all to be dismantled and to be connected with the electrode paster, and the equal fixedly connected with temperature sensor of laminating subassembly laminating skin department, laminating subassembly all is connected with external power supply electricity.

7. The method of determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing of claim 6, wherein: the laminating subassembly includes shell, vacuum pump and vacuum tube, opens on the shell has with network structure sliding fit's spout, and shell and skin laminating department open flutedly, vacuum pump input and recess intercommunication, vacuum pump output and vacuum tube intercommunication, and the vacuum tube output intercommunication has the solenoid valve, and solenoid valve signal connection has the controller, and controller fixed connection is in the vacuum pump outside.

8. A system for determining the position of an electrode for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing, characterized by: the device comprises an electrode array module, an electrical impedance measuring module, a data processing module, a position judging module and an interactive display module;

The electrode array module comprises a plurality of electrode units which are distributed and are worn on the chest of the object to be detected through an electrode attaching mechanism;

the electrical impedance measuring module is used for applying weak current to the electrode unit and measuring the voltage change generated by the weak current; the electrical impedance measuring module acquires electrical impedance data by controlling the current and the voltage of the electrode unit;

The data processing module is used for analyzing the electrical impedance change conditions of different respiratory phases by using a mathematical model algorithm and distinguishing the boundary and the internal structure of the lung region;

the position judging module judges whether the electrode position is accurate according to the output of the data processing module, and if not, the electrode position is calculated and adjusted through an optimization algorithm;

And the interactive display module is used for setting system parameters and viewing electrode positions and electrical impedance distribution images.

9. The system for determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing of claim 8, wherein: the data processing module receives the original data of the electrical impedance measuring module and performs preprocessing, filtering and feature extraction.

10. The system for determining electrode position for electrical impedance imaging of the lungs in spontaneous breathing of claim 9, wherein: the interactive display module provides a user interactive interface and displays the electrode position and the electrical impedance imaging result in real time.