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CN118670786B - A device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

A device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118670786B
CN118670786B CN202411006857.4A CN202411006857A CN118670786B CN 118670786 B CN118670786 B CN 118670786B CN 202411006857 A CN202411006857 A CN 202411006857A CN 118670786 B CN118670786 B CN 118670786B
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soil
sampling
tube
inner rod
cylinder
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CN118670786A (en
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朱金虎
郭东昇
唐晓芳
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Sichuan Shurong New Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Shurong New Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/08Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to a plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and an implementation method thereof. The sampling device for different soil layers of plant soil comprises a guide cylinder, a conical head, an inner rod, a sampling cylinder, a bending piece and a top cover, wherein the guide cylinder is hollow and long-tubular and is used for being inserted into soil to guide, the conical head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide cylinder, the inner rod is arranged in the guide cylinder, and the bottom end of the inner rod is connected with the sampling cylinder through a connecting mechanism and used for collecting soil samples. According to the plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and the implementation method thereof, provided by the invention, the sampling depth can be accurately controlled through the matching of the inner rod and the sampling cylinder, the sampling of different soil layers is realized, the device is simple in design and convenient to operate, a user can realize the sampling only by simple operation, and the damage to a soil structure can be reduced to the greatest extent in the sampling process through the insertion of the cone head and the sealing of the sampling cylinder, so that the originality of a sample is maintained.

Description

Sampling device for different soil layers of plant soil and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to a plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and an implementation method thereof.
Background
In research of botanic, soil science and agricultural science, analysis of soil samples on different soil layers is of great importance, properties and components of soil often change with depth, so that specific tools are required to accurately collect soil samples on different soil layers, traditional soil sampling methods are often carried out by adopting manual excavation or simple samplers, the efficiency of the methods is low, soil structures are easily damaged, sample distortion is caused, sampling precision is low, sampling requirements of different soil layers cannot be met, and the like, in recent years, along with technological progress, some intelligent soil sampling devices are developed to overcome the defects of the traditional sampling methods, however, the devices often have complex operation and high price,
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and an implementation method thereof to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sampling device for different soil layers of plant soil and an implementation method thereof.
The invention provides a plant soil sampling device for different soil layers, which comprises:
the guide cylinder is hollow and long tubular and is used for being inserted into soil for guiding;
The bottom of the guide cylinder is fixedly connected with the conical head;
an inner rod is arranged in the guide cylinder;
The bottom end of the inner rod is connected with the sampling cylinder through a connecting mechanism and is used for collecting soil samples, and bending sheets are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the sampling cylinder;
The bottom of the sampling cylinder is equidistantly provided with bending sheets which are unfolded in a petal shape in an initial state, the bending sheets are positioned in the cone head, and when the inner rod is pressed down, the bending sheets are affected by the cone head framework and are mutually bent and attached to form a closed hollow cone;
The top cap, guide cylinder top are equipped with the top cap, and the recess is seted up to top cap one side, and interior pole sliding connection is inside the recess.
Preferably, the conical head is arranged in a conical framework, and is connected to the bottom of the guide cylinder through threads, and hollow-out parts are arranged on the outer sides of the periphery of the conical head.
Preferably, the bottom of the conical head is provided with a pointed conical block.
Preferably, the two sides of the top cover are provided with snap locks, the two sides of the top of the guide cylinder are provided with snap locks, and the snap locks are matched with the corresponding snap locks.
Preferably, holding rods are arranged on both sides of the top of the inner rod and the guide cylinder.
Preferably, the outside of the inner rod is equidistantly sleeved with a limiting ring, and the limiting ring is slidably connected inside the guide cylinder.
Preferably, the top cover top is provided with a fixed seat, a bolt is slidably connected inside the fixed seat, positioning holes are formed in the surface of the inner rod at equal intervals, the bolt is slidably inserted into the corresponding positioning holes, a first spring is sleeved outside the bolt, and the bolt is elastically connected with the fixed seat through the first spring.
Preferably, the connecting mechanism comprises a plug, a plug cylinder, a sliding cylinder, a second spring and a ball block, the top of the sampling cylinder is fixedly connected with the plug cylinder, the bottom end of the inner rod is provided with the plug, the outer side of the plug is provided with an annular groove, the outer side of the plug cylinder is slidably connected with the sliding cylinder, the second spring is arranged between the plug cylinder and the sliding cylinder, the sliding cylinder is elastically connected with the plug cylinder through the second spring, the plug cylinder is equidistantly connected with the ball block in the circumferential direction, the ball block is communicated with the inside and outside of the plug cylinder, one side of the ball block is embedded into the annular groove, and the other side of the ball block is attached to the inner wall of the sliding cylinder.
Preferably, the top of the holding rod on one side of the guide cylinder is rotationally connected with a guide wheel, a traction rope is wound on the outer side of the guide wheel, one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected with a bolt, the bottom of the holding rod on one side of the guide cylinder is rotationally connected with an adjusting handle, one end of the adjusting handle is fixedly connected with a tilting rod, and the bottom end of the traction rope penetrates through the corresponding holding rod and is fixedly connected with the tilting rod.
The invention also provides an implementation method of the plant soil sampling device for different soil layers, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, inserting soil, namely aligning a cone head to a soil position to be sampled, and inserting the device into the soil by using a pointed cone block at the bottom of the cone head;
s2, adjusting the sampling depth, namely lifting the inner rod by holding the holding rod until the bending piece is separated from the constraint of the conical head and recovering petal-shaped expansion when the device reaches the position above the soil layer depth to be sampled, wherein a soil sample can freely enter the sampling cylinder;
s3, fixing the inner rod, namely pulling the bolt on the top cover upwards, pulling the bolt out of the positioning hole for controlling the closed state of the bending sheet, inserting the bolt into the other positioning hole for controlling the open state of the bending sheet so as to fix the position of the inner rod and ensure that the bottom of the sampling cylinder is opened;
s4, continuing to sample, namely continuing to press down the guide cylinder to enable the cone head to be further inserted into soil, enabling the soil sample to enter the sampling cylinder through hollowed-out parts, and repeating the steps S2 and S3 according to requirements so as to collect the soil samples of different soil layers;
S5, closing the sampling cylinder, namely after reaching a preset sampling amount or depth, pulling the bolt again, pulling the bolt out of the positioning hole for controlling the opening state of the bending sheet, pressing down the inner rod, inserting the bolt into the positioning hole for controlling the closing state of the bending sheet, and enabling the bending sheet to be mutually bent and attached to form a closed hollow cone, so that the soil sample is ensured to be completely collected in the sampling cylinder;
s6, taking out the sample, namely pulling out the guide cylinder, taking down the top cover, taking out the inner rod and the sampling cylinder from the guide cylinder, carefully pouring out the soil sample in the sampling cylinder for subsequent analysis;
S7, cleaning and maintaining, namely cleaning soil residues on all parts of the device, particularly the inside of the cone head and the sampling cylinder, checking whether the device is damaged or worn, if necessary, replacing or maintaining the device in time, and storing the device in a dry and ventilated place for the next use.
Compared with the related art, the plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and the implementation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a plant soil sampling device for different soil layers and an implementation method thereof, wherein the sampling depth can be accurately controlled by matching an inner rod with a sampling cylinder, the sampling of different soil layers is realized, the device is simple in design and convenient to operate, a user can realize the sampling only by simple operation, the damage to a soil structure can be reduced to the greatest extent in the sampling process by inserting a cone head and closing the sampling cylinder, the original property of a sample is kept, the device can adapt to the sampling requirements of different soil types, and has good universality and adaptability, and secondly, the efficiency of soil sampling can be greatly improved and the research time is saved by rapid insertion and sampling operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant soil sampling device for different soil layers;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the area A shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the bottom of the guide cylinder and the conical head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the guide cylinder shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the connection mechanism shown in FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the folded sheet according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figure are 1, a guide cylinder, 2, a conical head, 3, an inner rod, 4, a sampling cylinder, 5, a connecting mechanism, 6, a bending sheet, 7, a top cover, 8, a groove, 9, a hollow, 10, a conical block, 11, a snap-on, 12, a snap-on, 13, a holding rod, 14, a limiting ring, 15, a fixing seat, 16, a bolt, 17, a positioning hole, 18, a first spring, 19, a plug, 20, a plug cylinder, 21, a sliding cylinder, 22, a second spring, 23, a ball block, 24, an annular groove, 25, a guide wheel, 26, a traction rope, 27, an adjusting handle, 28 and a tilting rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a sampling device for different soil layers of plant soil, the plant soil sampling device for different soil layers comprises:
The guide cylinder 1 is hollow long tube-shaped and is used for being inserted into soil for guiding;
The conical head 2 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the guide cylinder 1;
an inner rod 3, wherein the inner rod 3 is arranged in the guide cylinder 1;
The bottom end of the inner rod 3 is connected with the sampling cylinder 4 through a connecting mechanism 5 and is used for collecting soil samples, and bending sheets 6 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 4;
The bending sheets 6 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 4, the bending sheets 6 are unfolded in a petal shape in an initial state, the bending sheets 6 are positioned in the cone head 2, and when the inner rod 3 is pressed down, the bending sheets 6 are affected by the skeleton of the cone head 2 and are mutually bent and attached to form a closed hollow cone;
The top cap 7, guide cylinder 1 top is equipped with top cap 7, and recess 8 has been seted up to top cap 7 one side, and interior pole 3 sliding connection is inside recess 8.
It should be noted that, by pressing down the inner rod 3, the bending piece 6 is extruded by the framework of the conical head 2, and is mutually bent and attached to form a closed hollow cone, and this structure can ensure that the soil sample is completely collected inside the sampling tube 4 during the sampling process, so as to avoid sample leakage.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a conical framework is arranged on the conical head 2, the conical head 2 is connected to the bottom of the guide cylinder 1 through threads, and hollow-out parts 9 are arranged on the outer sides of the periphery of the conical head 2;
the shape of the cone head 2 is convenient for soil to enter and guide the bending piece 6 to deform;
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a tip block 10 is arranged at the bottom of the cone head 2;
It should be noted that the pointed cone block 10 can assist the sampling device to be smoothly inserted into the soil;
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, two sides of a top cover 7 are provided with snap locks 11, two sides of the top of a guide cylinder 1 are provided with snap locks 12, and the snap locks 11 are matched with the corresponding snap locks 12;
The device is used for fixing the top cover 7 and the guide cylinder 1, so that the top cover 7 and the guide cylinder 1 are more convenient to mount and dismount;
referring to fig. 1 to 6, both sides of the top of the inner rod 3 and the guide cylinder 1 are provided with holding rods 13;
it is to be noted that the operation of the user is convenient;
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a limiting ring 14 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner rod 3 at equal intervals, and the limiting ring 14 is slidably connected inside the guide cylinder 1;
It should be noted that the limiting ring 14 is used for limiting the sliding of the inner rod 3, so that the inner rod 3 is more stable during sliding;
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a fixing seat 15 is provided at the top of the top cover 7, a bolt 16 is slidably connected inside the fixing seat 15, positioning holes 17 are provided on the surface of the inner rod 3 at equal intervals, the bolt 16 is slidably inserted into the corresponding positioning holes 17, a first spring 18 is sleeved outside the bolt 16, and the bolt 16 is elastically connected with the fixing seat 15 through the first spring 18;
it should be noted that two positioning holes 17 are provided, one is used for controlling the opening state of the bending piece 6, the other is used for controlling the closing state of the bending piece 6, and the state of the bending piece 6 is controlled by inserting the bolts 16 into different positioning holes 17;
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the connection mechanism 5 includes an insertion head 19, an insertion tube 20, a sliding tube 21, a second spring 22 and a ball block 23, the top of the sampling tube 4 is fixedly connected with the insertion tube 20, the bottom end of the inner rod 3 is provided with the insertion head 19, the outer side of the insertion head 19 is provided with an annular groove 24, the outer side of the insertion tube 20 is slidably connected with the sliding tube 21, the second spring 22 is arranged between the insertion tube 20 and the sliding tube 21, the sliding tube 21 is elastically connected with the insertion tube 20 through the second spring 22, the insertion tube 20 is equidistantly connected with the ball block 23 in the circumferential direction, the ball block 23 is communicated with the inside and outside of the insertion tube 20, one side of the ball block 23 is embedded in the annular groove 24, and the other side of the ball block 23 is attached to the inner wall of the sliding tube 21;
It should be noted that when the sampling tube 4 and the inner rod 3 need to be connected, the plug-in connector 19 and the plug-in tube 20 start to be in butt joint, in the butt joint process, the sliding tube 21 is pressed down, so that a certain movable space can be provided on the other side of the ball block 23, after the plug-in connector 19 is inserted into the plug-in tube 20, the ball block 23 can slide to the other side under the influence of the plug-in connector 19, and when the sliding tube 21 is rebound and reset, the ball block 23 is embedded into the annular groove 24, so that the connection between the sampling tube 4 and the inner rod 3 is more convenient.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a guiding wheel 25 is rotatably connected to the top of a holding rod 13 on one side of a guiding cylinder 1, a traction rope 26 is wound on the outer side of the guiding wheel 25, one end of the traction rope 26 is fixedly connected with a bolt 16, an adjusting handle 27 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the holding rod 13 on one side of the guiding cylinder 1, one end of the adjusting handle 27 is fixedly connected with a tilting rod 28, and the bottom end of the traction rope 26 penetrates through the corresponding holding rod 13 and is fixedly connected with the tilting rod 28;
it should be noted that, pressing the adjusting handle 27, the adjusting handle 27 drives the tilted rod 28 to move downwards, and because the tilted rod 28 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the traction rope 26 and the traction rope 26 bypasses the guiding wheel 25 to be fixedly connected with the bolt 16, the downward movement of the tilted rod 28 pulls the traction rope 26, and then drives the bolt 16 to move towards the fixed seat 15 and withdraw from the corresponding positioning hole 17, so as to unlock the inner rod 3, and improve the convenience and safety of operation;
referring to fig. 1 to 6, the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for implementing the plant soil sampling device with different soil layers, which comprises the following specific steps:
S1, inserting soil, namely aligning a cone head 2 to the soil position to be sampled, and inserting the device into the soil by using a pointed cone block 10 at the bottom of the cone head 2, lightly rotating a guide cylinder 1, and using a conical framework of the cone head 2 and a hollow-out 9 at the periphery to design the device to be easier to insert into the soil;
S2, adjusting the sampling depth, namely lifting the inner rod 3 by holding the holding rod 13 until the bending piece 6 is separated from the constraint of the conical head 2 and recovering petal-shaped expansion when the device reaches the position above the soil layer depth to be sampled, wherein a soil sample can freely enter the sampling cylinder 4;
S3, fixing the inner rod 3, namely pulling the plug 16 on the top cover 7 upwards, pulling the plug 16 out of the positioning hole 17 for controlling the closed state of the bending sheet 6, and inserting the plug 16 into the other positioning hole 17 for controlling the open state of the bending sheet 6 so as to fix the position of the inner rod 3 and ensure that the bottom of the sampling tube 4 is opened;
S4, continuing to sample, namely continuing to press the guide cylinder 1, enabling the cone head 2 to be further inserted into soil, enabling a soil sample to enter the sampling cylinder 4 through the hollow 9, and repeating the steps S2 and S3 according to the requirement so as to collect the soil samples of different soil layers;
S5, closing the sampling cylinder 4, namely after reaching a preset sampling amount or depth, pulling the plug 16 again, pulling the plug out of the positioning hole 17 for controlling the opening state of the bending sheet 6, pressing down the inner rod 3, inserting the plug 16 into the positioning hole 17 for controlling the closing state of the bending sheet 6, and enabling the bending sheets 6 to be mutually bent and attached to form a closed hollow cone, so that the soil sample is ensured to be completely collected in the sampling cylinder 4;
S6, taking out the sample, namely pulling out the guide cylinder 1, taking down the top cover 7, taking out the inner rod 3 and the sampling cylinder 4 from the guide cylinder 1, carefully pouring out the soil sample in the sampling cylinder 4 for subsequent analysis;
S7, cleaning and maintaining, namely cleaning soil residues on all parts of the device, particularly the inside of the cone head 2 and the sampling tube 4, checking whether the device is damaged or worn, if necessary, replacing or maintaining in time, and storing the device in a dry and ventilated place for the next use.
The working principle of the plant soil sampling device for different soil layers provided by the invention is as follows:
Firstly, a user aims the cone head 2 part of the guide cylinder 1 at the soil position to be sampled, and the device can be easily inserted into the soil until reaching the position above the soil depth to be sampled through the pointed cone block 10 at the bottom of the cone head 2 and the conical framework design of the cone head 2;
When the device reaches the upper part of the preset depth, a user operates the plug pins 16 in the fixed seat 15 at the top of the top cover 7 to pull out the plug pins from the positioning holes 17 on the surface of the inner rod 3, and two positioning holes 17 are arranged, one is used for controlling the opening state of the bending sheet 6, and the other is used for controlling the closing state of the bending sheet 6;
After the plug 16 is pulled out, the user pulls up the inner rod 3, and at the moment, the bending piece 6 breaks away from the constraint of the framework of the cone head 2, the petal-shaped expansion is restored, the bottom of the sampling cylinder 4 is opened, and the state allows a soil sample to freely enter the sampling cylinder 4;
After the soil sample enters the sampling tube 4, the user reinserts the bolt 16, inserts the bolt into the positioning hole 17 for controlling the opening state of the bending piece 6, and fixes the inner rod 3 which slides up to a certain height;
then, the user continuously presses the guide cylinder 1 to enable the cone head 2 to be further inserted into soil, and at the moment, the soil can enter the sampling cylinder 4 in an opened state through the hollow-out parts 9 around the cone head 2;
when the predetermined sampling amount or depth is reached, the user again operates the plug 16, pulls out the plug 16 from the positioning hole 17 for controlling the opening state of the bending piece 6, presses down the inner rod 3, inserts the plug 16 into the other positioning hole 17 for controlling the closing state of the bending piece 6, and the bending piece 6 is extruded by the framework of the cone head 2, and bends and adheres to each other to form a closed hollow cone, so that the soil sample can be ensured to be completely collected in the sampling cylinder 4 in the sampling process, and the sample leakage is avoided;
After the sampling is completed, the user pulls out the guide cylinder 1, removes the top cover 7, and then takes out the inner rod 3 and the sampling cylinder 4 from the guide cylinder 1, at this time, the inside of the sampling cylinder 4 contains soil samples of the required soil layer for subsequent analysis.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种植物土壤不同土层取样装置,其特征在于,包括:1. A device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil, characterized by comprising: 导向筒(1):导向筒(1)呈空心长管状,用于插入土壤中进行导向;Guide tube (1): The guide tube (1) is in the shape of a hollow long tube and is used for inserting into the soil for guidance; 锥头(2),导向筒(1)底部固定连接有锥头(2);A cone head (2), the bottom of the guide cylinder (1) is fixedly connected with the cone head (2); 内杆(3),导向筒(1)内部设有内杆(3);An inner rod (3), wherein the inner rod (3) is arranged inside the guide cylinder (1); 采样筒(4),内杆(3)底端通过连接机构(5)连接有采样筒(4),用于收集土壤样品,采样筒(4)的底部等距设有弯折片(6);A sampling tube (4), the bottom end of the inner rod (3) is connected to the sampling tube (4) through a connecting mechanism (5), and is used to collect soil samples. Bend pieces (6) are equidistantly provided at the bottom of the sampling tube (4); 弯折片(6),采样筒(4)底部等距设有弯折片(6),弯折片(6)在初始状态下呈花瓣状展开,且弯折片(6)位于锥头(2)的内部,当内杆(3)下压时,弯折片(6)受到锥头(2)骨架的影响,相互弯曲贴合,形成一个封闭的空心圆锥体;Bending pieces (6), the bottom of the sampling tube (4) is equidistantly provided with bending pieces (6), the bending pieces (6) are unfolded in a petal shape in an initial state, and the bending pieces (6) are located inside the cone head (2), when the inner rod (3) is pressed down, the bending pieces (6) are affected by the skeleton of the cone head (2), and are bent and fitted to each other to form a closed hollow cone; 顶盖(7),导向筒(1)顶部设有顶盖(7),顶盖(7)一侧开设有凹槽(8),内杆(3)滑动连接在凹槽(8)内部;A top cover (7), the top of the guide cylinder (1) is provided with a top cover (7), one side of the top cover (7) is provided with a groove (8), and the inner rod (3) is slidably connected inside the groove (8); 锥头(2)呈圆锥状骨架设置,且锥头(2)通过螺纹连接在导向筒(1)的底部,锥头(2)的四周外侧设有镂空(9);The cone head (2) is provided with a conical frame, and the cone head (2) is connected to the bottom of the guide tube (1) through a thread, and a hollow portion (9) is provided on the outer side of the cone head (2); 内杆(3)与导向筒(1)顶部两侧均设有持握杆(13),顶盖(7)顶部设有固定座(15),固定座(15)内部滑动连接有插销(16),内杆(3)表面等距设有定位孔(17),插销(16)与对应的定位孔(17)滑动插接,插销(16)外侧套有第一弹簧(18),插销(16)通过第一弹簧(18)与固定座(15)弹性连接,导向筒(1)一侧的持握杆(13)顶部转动连接有引导轮(25),引导轮(25)外侧绕有牵引绳(26),牵引绳(26)一端与插销(16)固定连接,导向筒(1)一侧的持握杆(13)底部转动连接有调节把(27),调节把(27)一端固定连接有翘杆(28),牵引绳(26)底端贯穿对应的持握杆(13)与翘杆(28)固定连接。The inner rod (3) and the guide cylinder (1) are both provided with holding rods (13) on both sides of the top, the top cover (7) is provided with a fixing seat (15), the fixing seat (15) is slidably connected with a latch (16) inside, the surface of the inner rod (3) is provided with equidistant positioning holes (17), the latch (16) is slidably plugged with the corresponding positioning holes (17), the outer side of the latch (16) is sleeved with a first spring (18), the latch (16) is elastically connected to the fixing seat (15) through the first spring (18), and the guide cylinder (1) is provided with a fixing seat (15) on the top, and the fixing seat (15) is slidably connected with the fixing seat (15). A guide wheel (25) is rotatably connected to the top of a holding rod (13) on one side of the guide cylinder (1), a traction rope (26) is wound around the outer side of the guide wheel (25), one end of the traction rope (26) is fixedly connected to the latch (16), an adjustment handle (27) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the holding rod (13) on one side of the guide cylinder (1), one end of the adjustment handle (27) is fixedly connected to a tilting rod (28), and the bottom end of the traction rope (26) passes through the corresponding holding rod (13) and is fixedly connected to the tilting rod (28). 2.根据权利要求1所述的植物土壤不同土层取样装置,其特征在于,锥头(2)底部设有尖锥块(10)。2. The device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that a pointed cone block (10) is provided at the bottom of the cone head (2). 3.根据权利要求1所述的植物土壤不同土层取样装置,其特征在于,顶盖(7)两侧设有搭锁(11),导向筒(1)顶部两侧设有搭扣(12),搭锁(11)与对应的搭扣(12)之间相互配合。3. The device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that snap-ons (11) are provided on both sides of the top cover (7), and buckles (12) are provided on both sides of the top of the guide cylinder (1), and the snap-ons (11) and the corresponding buckles (12) cooperate with each other. 4.根据权利要求1所述的植物土壤不同土层取样装置,其特征在于,内杆(3)外侧等距套有限位环(14),限位环(14)滑动连接在导向筒(1)内部。4. The device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that a limit ring (14) is equidistantly sleeved on the outer side of the inner rod (3), and the limit ring (14) is slidably connected to the inside of the guide cylinder (1). 5.根据权利要求1所述的植物土壤不同土层取样装置,其特征在于,连接机构(5)包括插接头(19)、插接筒(20)、滑筒(21)、第二弹簧(22)和球块(23),采样筒(4)顶部固定连接有插接筒(20),内杆(3)底端设有插接头(19),插接头(19)外侧开设有环形槽(24),插接筒(20)外侧滑动连接有滑筒(21),插接筒(20)与滑筒(21)之间设有第二弹簧(22),滑筒(21)通过第二弹簧(22)与插接筒(20)弹性连接,插接筒(20)在周向方向上等距连接有球块(23),且球块(23)与插接筒(20)的内外连通,球块(23)一侧嵌入在环形槽(24)内部,球块(23)另一侧与滑筒(21)内壁相贴合。5. The plant soil sampling device of different soil layers according to claim 1 is characterized in that the connecting mechanism (5) comprises a plug connector (19), a plug cylinder (20), a slide cylinder (21), a second spring (22) and a ball block (23), the top of the sampling cylinder (4) is fixedly connected with the plug cylinder (20), the bottom end of the inner rod (3) is provided with a plug connector (19), an annular groove (24) is provided on the outside of the plug connector (19), and the outside of the plug cylinder (20) is slidably connected with The slide tube (21) is provided with a second spring (22) between the plug-in tube (20) and the slide tube (21), the slide tube (21) is elastically connected to the plug-in tube (20) through the second spring (22), the plug-in tube (20) is equidistantly connected with ball blocks (23) in the circumferential direction, and the ball blocks (23) are connected to the plug-in tube (20) inside and outside, one side of the ball block (23) is embedded in the annular groove (24), and the other side of the ball block (23) is in contact with the inner wall of the slide tube (21). 6.基于权利要求1至5任一项所述的植物土壤不同土层取样装置的实施方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:6. The implementation method of the device for sampling different soil layers of plant soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that the specific steps are as follows: S1、插入土壤:将锥头(2)对准需要取样的土壤位置,利用锥头(2)底部的尖锥块(10)将装置插入土壤中;轻轻旋转导向筒(1),利用锥头(2)的圆锥状骨架和四周的镂空(9)设计,使装置更容易插入土壤;S1. Inserting into the soil: Align the cone head (2) with the soil position to be sampled, and use the pointed cone block (10) at the bottom of the cone head (2) to insert the device into the soil; gently rotate the guide cylinder (1), and use the conical frame of the cone head (2) and the hollow (9) design around it to make it easier to insert the device into the soil; S2、调整取样深度:当装置到达所需取样的土层深度上方时,通过持握杆(13)上提内杆(3),直至弯折片(6)脱离锥头(2)的约束,恢复花瓣状展开,此时,土壤样品可以自由进入采样筒(4)内部;S2. Adjust the sampling depth: When the device reaches the depth of the soil layer to be sampled, the inner rod (3) is lifted by the holding rod (13) until the bending piece (6) is freed from the constraint of the cone head (2) and resumes the petal-shaped expansion. At this time, the soil sample can freely enter the interior of the sampling tube (4); S3、固定内杆(3):向上拉动顶盖(7)上的插销(16),将其从控制弯折片(6)关闭状态的定位孔(17)中拔出,将插销(16)插入到控制弯折片(6)打开状态的另一个定位孔(17)中,以固定内杆(3)的位置,确保采样筒(4)底部敞开;S3, fix the inner rod (3): pull the latch (16) on the top cover (7) upwards and remove it from the positioning hole (17) of the control bending piece (6) in the closed state, and insert the latch (16) into another positioning hole (17) of the control bending piece (6) in the open state to fix the position of the inner rod (3) and ensure that the bottom of the sampling tube (4) is open; S4、继续取样:继续下压导向筒(1),使锥头(2)进一步插入土壤,土壤样品通过镂空(9)进入采样筒(4),根据需要,可以重复步骤S2和S3,以收集不同土层的土壤样品;S4, continue sampling: continue to press down the guide tube (1) to make the cone head (2) further inserted into the soil, and the soil sample enters the sampling tube (4) through the hollow (9). If necessary, steps S2 and S3 can be repeated to collect soil samples from different soil layers; S5、封闭采样筒(4):当达到预定的取样量或深度后,再次拉动插销(16),将其从控制弯折片(6)打开状态的定位孔(17)中拔出,下压内杆(3),将插销(16)插入到控制弯折片(6)关闭状态的定位孔(17)中,使弯折片(6)相互弯曲贴合,形成一个封闭的空心圆锥体,从而确保土壤样品被完整地收集在采样筒(4)内部;S5. Close the sampling tube (4): When the predetermined sampling volume or depth is reached, the latch (16) is pulled again to be removed from the positioning hole (17) for controlling the opening state of the bending piece (6), and the inner rod (3) is pressed downward to insert the latch (16) into the positioning hole (17) for controlling the closing state of the bending piece (6), so that the bending pieces (6) are bent and fitted to each other to form a closed hollow cone, thereby ensuring that the soil sample is completely collected inside the sampling tube (4); S6、取出样品:拔出导向筒(1),取下顶盖(7),从导向筒(1)内取出内杆(3)和采样筒(4),小心地将采样筒(4)中的土壤样品倒出,供后续分析使用;S6. Take out the sample: pull out the guide tube (1), remove the top cover (7), take out the inner rod (3) and the sampling tube (4) from the guide tube (1), and carefully pour out the soil sample in the sampling tube (4) for subsequent analysis; S7、清理与保养:清理装置各部件上的土壤残留,特别是锥头(2)和采样筒(4)内部,检查装置是否有损坏或磨损,如有需要,及时更换或维修,将装置存放在干燥、通风的地方,以备下次使用。S7. Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the soil residue on each part of the device, especially the cone head (2) and the inside of the sampling tube (4). Check whether the device is damaged or worn. If necessary, replace or repair it in time. Store the device in a dry and ventilated place for next use.
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