CN118669140A - Tunneling equipment and tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and specifically provides an excavation equipment and a tunnel construction method. The tunnel construction method includes the process of using the excavation equipment to excavate the pilot tunnel and expand the pilot tunnel by drilling and blasting. In the process of the excavation equipment excavating the pilot tunnel forward, the rock drill equipped with the excavation equipment is used to drill holes at different positions of the tunnel wall of the pilot tunnel to drill out blastholes used for subsequent loading of explosives. The excavation equipment is equipped with a rock drill to implement the above-mentioned tunnel construction method. When the present invention is implemented, after the excavation of the pilot tunnel is completed, the blastholes used in the drilling and blasting construction are also drilled, and the subsequent loading and blasting operations can be directly carried out, thereby improving the construction efficiency.

Description

A tunneling device and tunnel construction method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular relates to an excavation device and a tunnel construction method.

Background Art

With the continuous development of tunnel boring machines, their applications in emerging tunnel engineering fields such as pumped storage power stations and metal mines are increasing. Unlike traditional transportation engineering (railway, highway) tunnels, some emerging tunnel engineering tunnels are large-section tunnels with special shapes. However, it is difficult for tunnel boring machines to excavate large-section tunnels with special shapes in one go. At present, in actual construction, drilling and blasting methods are still mostly used to excavate large-section tunnels with special shapes.

In the prior art, an invention patent application with application publication number CN116950675A discloses a construction method based on small-diameter TBM (hard rock tunnel boring machine) pilot tunnel excavation. During construction, this method first excavates a pilot tunnel through a small-diameter TBM, and then performs drilling and blasting excavation after the pilot tunnel is penetrated to expand the tunnel to the designed tunnel size.

However, in the above construction method, the pilot tunnel excavation operation and the drilling and blasting expansion operation are two completely independent steps. In actual construction, for a tunnel with a large expansion amount, it is necessary to drill deeper and more blastholes, and the drilling takes a long time. Moreover, the above construction method is to drill the blastholes from the front and back direction or the axial direction of the tunnel, which requires blasting and drilling at the same time, and the overall construction efficiency is not high.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction method to solve the technical problem of low efficiency when expanding the pilot tunnel using the drilling and blasting method in the prior art. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a tunneling equipment to solve the same technical problem.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the tunnel construction method provided by the present invention is:

A tunnel construction method, which uses excavation equipment to first excavate a pilot tunnel. During the excavation of the pilot tunnel, drilling operations are performed on the wall of the pilot tunnel according to a set orientation and layout to drill blastholes for subsequent loading of explosives.

As a further improvement, blastholes are drilled from the lower middle portion of the pilot tunnel wall toward the bottom and sides of the pilot tunnel.

As a further improvement, as the excavation equipment excavates the pilot tunnel forward, ventilation ducts are continuously extended and laid at the top of the pilot tunnel.

As a further improvement, blasthole holes are drilled radially along the wall of the pilot tunnel.

The beneficial effect is that the present invention belongs to an improved invention. Specifically, during construction, a tunneling device is used to excavate a pilot tunnel forward. During the excavation process of the tunneling device, continuous drilling operations can be performed on the tunnel wall of the pilot tunnel to directly drill out blastholes. After the excavation of the pilot tunnel is completed, blastholes used in the drilling and blasting method are actually drilled out. Subsequently, charge blasting operations can be directly performed, thereby improving construction efficiency.

To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the tunneling equipment provided by the present invention is:

A tunneling device comprises a main machine for digging a pilot tunnel. The tunneling device is also provided with a rock drilling machine for drilling blastholes at different positions on the wall of the pilot tunnel when the main machine digs forward.

As a further improvement, the tunneling equipment includes a rear supporting system connected to the main machine, and the rear supporting system includes a plurality of trailers connected in sequence front and rear, wherein the rock drilling rig is provided on the rear trailer to form a drilling rig trailer.

As a further improvement, the drilling rig trailer is connected to the trailer in front of it via a traction device.

As a further improvement, the traction device is equipped with a flexible traction member, and the drilling rig trailer is pulled to move by the flexible traction member.

As a further improvement, the traction device is a winch, and the traction rope of the winch forms the flexible traction member.

As a further improvement, an escape passage is provided on the chassis of the drilling rig trailer for the rock drilling rig to drill downwards.

As a further improvement, at least two of the rock drilling rigs are provided on the drilling rig trailer, and at least one rock drilling rig is provided on the left side of the drilling rig trailer, and at least one rock drilling rig is provided on the right side of the drilling rig trailer, and the drilling areas of the rock drilling rigs on the left and right sides correspond to the left and right guide tunnel walls respectively.

The beneficial effect is that the present invention belongs to an improved invention. When the tunneling equipment is in construction, the main machine normally advances forward to excavate the pilot tunnel. During this process, the rock drill configured by the tunneling equipment can drill blastholes at different positions on the tunnel wall. When the tunneling equipment is completed, the blastholes used in the drilling and blasting method are also drilled. Subsequently, the charging and blasting operation can be directly carried out, thereby improving the construction efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison between a tunnel section constructed by an embodiment of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention and a tunnel section excavated by an excavation device;

FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a blasthole hole drilled after excavation by an excavation device in an embodiment of a tunnel construction method of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a blasthole during secondary blasting in an embodiment of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge process during construction of an embodiment of the tunnel construction method of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling rig trailer in an embodiment of a tunneling device according to the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the first rock drilling rig in FIG5 ;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the second rock drilling rig in FIG. 5 .

Description of reference numerals:

1. Main engine; 2. Rear supporting system; 3. Slag rotary table; 4. Slag car; 5. Ventilation pipe; 6. Pipeline; 201. First trailer; 202. Winch; 203. Towing rope; 204. Second trailer; 205. First rock drilling rig; 206. Second rock drilling rig; 207. Drilling rig mounting base; 208. Bracket; 209. Swing cylinder; 210. Passage; 211. Drill rod; 100. Designed tunnel; 200. Pilot tunnel; 300. Blast hole.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology, the basic technical concept of the present invention is to drill blastholes at different positions of the wall of the already excavated pilot tunnel while the excavating equipment is excavating the pilot tunnel. In this way, after the excavating equipment has completed the excavation of the pilot tunnel, continuous blastholes are actually formed for the workers to load explosives, which saves the time for subsequent drilling and can improve the efficiency of tunnel construction as a whole.

The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

Specific embodiments of the tunnel construction method provided by the present invention:

The tunnel construction method provided in this embodiment generally includes two processes of excavating the pilot tunnel 200 using a tunneling device and expanding the excavation using the drilling and blasting method. As shown in FIG1 , the cross section of the designed tunnel 100 of the construction design is basically a gate arch, and the cross section of the pilot tunnel 200 excavated by the tunneling device is circular. One of the tunneling devices used in the tunnel construction method in this embodiment is generally shown in FIG4-FIG7 , and a rock drill is configured on the tunneling device. In the process of the tunneling device excavating the pilot tunnel 200 forward, the rock drill can synchronously drill holes at different positions of the wall of the pilot tunnel 200, thereby drilling out the blasthole 300 shown in FIG2 . Specifically, the tunneling device includes a main machine 1 and a rear supporting system 2, and the main machine 1 is used to excavate the pilot tunnel 200. More specifically, the main machine 1 is a main machine 1 of an open TBM, and the main machine 1 of the open TBM is a prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The rear supporting system 2 includes a plurality of trailers connected in sequence front and back, and the trailers are equipped with supporting equipment such as a hydraulic pump station and an electric control cabinet connected to the main engine 1.

Different from the prior art, in order to enable the excavation equipment to directly drill the guide tunnel 200 during the excavation of the guide tunnel 200, a rock drill is configured on the rear supporting system 2 of the excavation equipment. Specifically, a drilling rig mounting seat 207 is configured on the rear supporting system 2, and the drilling rig mounting seat 207 can be movable and drive the rock drill to move to different positions, and perform drilling operations on different positions of the guide tunnel 200 according to the set orientation and layout. In this way, the time when the excavation equipment excavates the guide tunnel 200 is utilized to synchronously perform continuous drilling operations on the blasthole 300, and explosives can be directly loaded into the blasthole 300 during the subsequent drilling and blasting construction.

As shown in FIG2 , when drilling the blasthole 300, preferably, the blasthole 300 can be drilled from the middle and lower part of the wall of the guide hole 200 to the bottom and side (left and right sides) of the guide hole 200. After blasting, the guide hole 200 is actually located at the arch position of the designed tunnel 100. When drilling, the rock drill is in a downward or nearly horizontal posture as a whole, which is obviously easier to control than drilling upward. At the same time, after blasting, the rock slag and gravel can slide to the bottom in a concentrated manner, as shown in FIG4 , at this time, a slag transfer table 3 can be configured, and the rock slag and gravel can be transferred from the slag transfer table 3 to the slag truck 4, and the slag discharge efficiency is also high.

On this basis, during the forward excavation of the excavation equipment, the ventilation pipe 5 can be synchronously extended and laid at the top of the guide tunnel 200 to improve the working environment during the subsequent blasting construction. Since the top position of the guide tunnel 200 does not need to be blasted, the ventilation pipe 5 will not be affected during the subsequent blasting construction, which also saves the process of disassembling and assembling the ventilation pipe 5 during the subsequent blasting process, and the efficiency is high. Of course, the supporting pipeline 6 used by the ventilation pipe 5 can also be arranged at the top of the guide tunnel 200.

As a preferred embodiment, when drilling the blasthole holes 300, the holes can be drilled radially from the wall of the guide hole 200. This makes it easier to control the depth of the drilling and the distance between two adjacent blasthole holes 300 in the circumferential direction (which can be measured by the central angle of the two adjacent blasthole holes 300), thereby better avoiding the problem of over-excavation and under-excavation.

In actual construction, the cross-sectional size of the designed tunnel 100 is relatively large, and one blasting cannot achieve the designed size and shape. In actual construction, as shown in FIG3 , after one blasting is completed, two or even multiple blastings are required until the design requirements are met. Specifically, after each blasting is completed, the slag produced by the blasting is first removed, and then the blasting holes are drilled and loaded with explosives. When drilling the blasting holes twice or multiple times, the drilling starts from the hole wall where the last blasting was completed, and preferably the drilling operation starts from the radial direction.

As a preferred embodiment, the trailer group of the rear supporting system 2, as shown in FIG5, includes a first trailer 201 at the front and a second trailer 204 at the rear of the entire rear supporting system 2, and a rock drill is arranged on the second trailer 204, that is, the second trailer 204 is equivalent to a drilling rig trailer. In this way, the rock drill is installed on the trailer at the rear of the rear supporting system 2 so that the rock drill is far away from the main machine 1, thereby preventing the rock drill from affecting the normal excavation of the main machine 1 when operating.

Specifically, the drilling rig trailer is connected to the trailer in front of it, i.e., the first trailer 201, through an independent traction device. In this way, when the trailer in front of the drilling rig trailer moves, the drilling rig trailer can be independently controlled without being affected by the movement of the trailer in front, so that the blasthole holes 300 can be drilled at different positions of the axial direction (length direction) of the guide hole 200 according to actual needs.

More specifically, the traction device is equipped with a flexible traction member, and the drilling rig trailer can be pulled to move by the flexible traction member. Compared with the solution using a rigid traction device (such as a hydraulic cylinder), the use of such a flexible traction member can achieve a vibration isolation effect, thereby preventing the vibration of the rock drilling rig during drilling from being transmitted to the first trailer 201, thereby playing a protective role.

As a specific embodiment of the traction device, the traction device is a winch 202, and the traction rope 203 (wire rope or steel chain, etc.) configured by the winch 202 forms the above-mentioned flexible traction member. The cost of the winch 202 is relatively low, and it is also easy to install and arrange. Preferably, the winch 202 is installed on the front first trailer 201 and is connected to the second trailer 204 through the traction rope 203.

Of course, it is understandable that in other embodiments, the traction device itself can be a rigid structure, such as a hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is connected to a flexible traction member that can also play a vibration isolation role, and the flexible traction member can be an air spring in addition to the traction rope 203.

When the rock drill is set on the trailer, in order to facilitate the rock drill to drill downwards, a bypass channel 210 for the rock drill to drill downwards is provided on the chassis of the drilling trailer. Specifically, an opening that passes through from top to bottom can be provided in the middle of the chassis, and the drill rod of the rock drill can drill downwards through the opening, which is convenient for on-site personnel to operate and use. It can be understood that in addition to providing the bypass channel 210 on the trailer, there are other forms of achieving downward drilling, such as the drilling rig mounting seat 207 being a multi-degree-of-freedom drilling rig mounting seat 207 that can be telescopic and can swing forward and backward and left and right. The specific multi-degree-of-freedom structure is not specifically limited, and a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm in the prior art can be used. When it is necessary to drill a hole at the bottom of the guide hole 200, the drilling rig mounting seat 207 can drive the rock drill to move forward or backward, pass the drilling rig trailer, adjust the posture of the rock drill, and drill downwards.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the drilling rig mounting seat 207 is a mounting seat that can pitch and swing. The drilling rig mounting seat 207 is hinged on the bracket 208, and a swing cylinder 209 for driving the drilling rig mounting seat 207 to swing is provided between the bracket 208 and the drilling rig mounting seat 207.

It should be noted that in order to avoid interference with other structures on the drilling rig trailer during the movement of the rock drilling rig, when implementing this embodiment, the belt conveyor used for slag discharge can be fixed on the top of the guide tunnel 200.

In order to improve the efficiency of drilling the blasthole hole 300, two rock drilling rigs are configured on the drilling rig trailer, as shown in Figures 5-7, namely the first rock drilling rig 205 and the second rock drilling rig 206. The first rock drilling rig 205 is arranged on the right side of the drilling rig trailer, and the second rock drilling rig 206 is arranged on the left side of the drilling rig trailer. The drilling areas of the first rock drilling rig 205 and the second rock drilling rig 206 correspond to the hole walls on the left and right sides of the guide hole 200, respectively. In this way, during construction, the first rock drilling rig 205 and the second rock drilling rig 206 can act synchronously to drive the drill rod 211 to perform drilling operations on the left and right sides of the left and right guide holes 200, which is more efficient. Of course, on this basis, if there is sufficient space on the drilling rig trailer, more rock drilling rigs can be added.

The above provides an implementation method of setting the rock drill on the trailer. In fact, in addition to the trailer, the rock drill can also be installed on the main machine 1. For example, a slewing mechanism can be set on the main beam of the main machine 1. Specifically, the slewing mechanism includes an arc-shaped rack on a slewing frame mounted on the main beam, and the drill mounting seat is equipped with a drive motor or a hydraulic motor. Under the action of the drive motor or the hydraulic motor, the drill mounting seat can rotate circumferentially to drive the rock drill to move to different positions. It should be noted that the rock drill configured on the main machine 1 and the rock drill configured on the rear supporting system 2 are independent of each other, and the two can exist at the same time.

In addition to the above-mentioned two implementation methods of configuring a rock drilling rig on the main machine 1 and the rear supporting system 2, for the excavation equipment, an independent powered drilling rig trolley can also be configured. The drilling rig trolley can move autonomously along the wall of the guide tunnel. As the main machine 1 advances forward, the drilling rig trolley can drill blast holes at different positions on the wall of the guide tunnel. Since the drilling rig trolley has its own power, the drilling rig trolley does not need to be connected to the main machine 1 or the rear supporting system 2.

Specific embodiments of the tunneling equipment in the present invention:

The specific embodiment of the excavation equipment is the excavation equipment recorded in the embodiment of the above-mentioned tunnel construction method, which will not be described in detail here.

Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. The tunnel construction method is characterized in that in the process of excavating the pilot tunnel, drilling operation is carried out on the wall of the pilot tunnel according to set azimuth and layout, and then a blasthole for filling explosive is drilled.

2. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the eyelet is drilled from the middle lower portion of the pilot tunnel wall to the lower and side of the pilot tunnel.

3. The tunnel construction method according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation pipeline is continuously extended and laid at the top position of the pilot tunnel as the tunneling apparatus excavates the pilot tunnel forward.

4. A tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein set off firecrackers eyelets are drilled radially of the pilot tunnel wall.

5. A tunneling apparatus comprising a main machine for excavating a pilot tunnel, characterized in that the tunneling apparatus is further provided with a rock drill for drilling set off firecrackers holes in different positions of the tunnel wall as the main machine is tunneling forward.

6. A tunneling apparatus according to claim 5 comprising a rear mating system connected to the host machine, the rear mating system comprising a plurality of trailers connected in tandem, wherein the trailer at the tail is provided with the rock drill to form a drill trailer.

7. A ripping apparatus as characterised in claim 6 wherein the rig trailer is connected to the trailer on its front side by a towing means.

8. A ripping apparatus as in claim 7 wherein the hauling device is provided with a flexible hauling element by which the rig trailer is pulled for movement.

9. A ripping apparatus as characterised in claim 8 wherein the hauling device is a hoist, a hauling rope of the hoist forming said flexible hauling element.

10. A tunneling apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the chassis of the rig trailer is provided with a relief passage for the rock drill rig to drill down.

11. A tunneling apparatus according to claim 6 or 10 wherein the rig trailer is provided with at least two of said rock drills, at least one of which is provided on the left side of the rig trailer and at least one of which is provided on the right side of the rig trailer, the drill areas of the rock drills on the left and right sides corresponding to the guide hole walls on the left and right sides respectively.