CN118659062B - Protection architecture, battery package and consumer - Google Patents
Protection architecture, battery package and consumer Download PDFInfo
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- CN118659062B CN118659062B CN202411077093.8A CN202411077093A CN118659062B CN 118659062 B CN118659062 B CN 118659062B CN 202411077093 A CN202411077093 A CN 202411077093A CN 118659062 B CN118659062 B CN 118659062B
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- plate body
- accommodating
- heat
- protection
- cavities
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- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 125
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacetin Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGHIQYNKFXEQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C(Cl)=C1Cl UGHIQYNKFXEQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 GZFGOTFRPZRKDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021576 Iron(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002566 KAl(SO4)2·12H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013178 LiBO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVSKZLHKADLHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzanilide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZVSKZLHKADLHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N dimethyl fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004419 dimethyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052564 epsomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001641 magnesium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- CZNGTXVOZOWWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-bromobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 CZNGTXVOZOWWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGOAZQAXRONCCI-SDNWHVSQSA-N n-[(e)-benzylideneamino]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N\N=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 JGOAZQAXRONCCI-SDNWHVSQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021508 nickel(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003893 phenacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protection structure, a battery pack and electric equipment, relates to the technical field of the electric equipment, and aims to solve the problem that the protection effect of the protection structure on the battery pack in the related technology is poor. The protection structure comprises a protection board body and a heat absorbing material, wherein a plurality of accommodating cavities are arranged in the protection board body and are arranged in a plane where the protection board body is located, the accommodating cavities are arranged at intervals, and the heat absorbing material is accommodated in the accommodating cavities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric equipment, in particular to a protection structure, a battery pack and electric equipment.
Background
The battery pack is used as a core component of electric equipment, and thermal runaway phenomenon can occur in the charging and discharging process, so that safety accidents such as fire disaster and the like can be caused. In order to avoid safety accidents such as fire, in the related art, a protection structure is generally arranged in a battery pack, so that when the battery pack is out of control, heat radiation is isolated through a heat insulation layer of the protection structure, and therefore heat spreading is restrained, and the probability of the safety accidents is further reduced.
However, the heat radiation is isolated by the heat insulating layer of the protection structure in the related art, so that the protection effect on the battery pack is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a protection structure, a battery pack and electric equipment, and aims to solve the problem that the protection effect of the protection structure on the battery pack in the related art is poor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention provides a protection structure, which comprises a protection board body and a heat absorbing material, wherein a plurality of accommodating cavities are arranged in the protection board body, the accommodating cavities are arranged in a plane where the protection board body is located, the accommodating cavities are arranged at intervals, and the heat absorbing material is accommodated in the accommodating cavities.
According to the protection structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the plurality of containing cavities are arranged on the protection plate body, the heat absorbing material is arranged in the plurality of containing cavities, and the heat absorbing material can be limited in the containing cavities through the inner wall surfaces of the containing cavities, so that the heat absorbing material is prevented from deviating from the original position or falling down, the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing layer can be ensured, and the heat absorbing effect of the protection structure is ensured.
In some embodiments, the plurality of receiving cavities includes a first set of receiving cavities including a first central receiving cavity and at least one layer of first edge receiving cavities disposed around the first central receiving cavity, the first central receiving cavity being located at a geometric center of the protective plate body. Therefore, when the battery module is out of control, the heat absorbing material in the first central accommodating cavity can quickly absorb heat generated by the battery module, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the first edge accommodating cavity when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat can be quickly dissipated to the central position of the battery pack, and the possibility of danger is reduced.
In some embodiments, the number of layers of the first edge accommodating cavity is multiple, and the multiple layers of the first edge accommodating cavities are sequentially nested in the length direction of the protective plate body on the plane where the protective plate body is located. Therefore, heat can be gradually absorbed by the heat absorbing materials in the first edge accommodating cavities of different layers in the process of dispersing to the periphery, so that the cooling effect is improved.
In some embodiments, the protective plate body is in a strip shape, the plurality of accommodating cavities further comprises a second group of accommodating cavities, the second group of accommodating cavities are located on one side of the first group of accommodating cavities along the length direction of the protective plate body, and the second group of accommodating cavities comprises a second center accommodating cavity and at least one layer of second edge accommodating cavities arranged around the second center accommodating cavity. Therefore, when the battery module is in thermal runaway, heat at the position corresponding to the second group of accommodating cavities in the battery module can be quickly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second center accommodating cavity, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second edge accommodating cavity when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat dissipation can be quickly carried out on the position corresponding to the second group of accommodating cavities in the battery module, and the possibility of danger occurrence is further reduced.
In some embodiments, the plurality of cavities further comprises a third set of cavities located on a side of the first set of cavities facing away from the second set of cavities, the third set of cavities comprising a third central cavity and at least one layer of third edge cavities disposed around the third central cavity. Therefore, when the battery module is in thermal runaway, heat at the position corresponding to the third group of accommodating cavities in the battery module can be quickly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third central accommodating cavity, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third edge accommodating cavity when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat dissipation can be quickly carried out on the position corresponding to the third group of accommodating cavities in the battery module, and the possibility of danger occurrence is further reduced.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the protective plate body to the width of the protective plate body is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 60.
In some embodiments, the plurality of accommodating chambers further includes a fourth group of accommodating chambers and a fifth group of accommodating chambers, the fourth group of accommodating chambers being located at one side of the first group of accommodating chambers in a width direction of the protection plate body, the fifth group of accommodating chambers being located at the other side of the first group of accommodating chambers, the fourth group of accommodating chambers including at least one first accommodating chamber, the at least one first accommodating chamber being arranged at intervals in the width direction of the protection plate body, the fifth group of accommodating chambers including at least one second accommodating chamber, the at least one second accommodating chamber being arranged at intervals in the width direction of the protection plate body. Thus, the heat diffused from the first group of accommodating cavities along the width direction of the protective plate body can be gradually absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the first accommodating cavity and the heat absorbing material in the second accommodating cavity, so that the heat dissipation effect is improved.
In some embodiments, each layer of second edge receiving cavities includes first and second arcuate receiving cavities arranged along a circumferential direction of the second central receiving cavity, the first and second arcuate receiving cavities being symmetrically disposed, and each layer of third edge receiving cavities includes third and fourth arcuate receiving cavities arranged along a circumferential direction of the third central receiving cavity, the third and fourth arcuate receiving cavities being symmetrically disposed. In this way, the heat absorbing materials in the second group of accommodating cavities and the heat absorbing materials in the third group of accommodating cavities are uniform in the whole, the heat at the positions corresponding to the battery module and the second group of accommodating cavities and the heat at the positions corresponding to the battery module and the third group of accommodating cavities can be uniformly absorbed by the heat absorbing materials in the first arc-shaped accommodating cavities and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavities and the heat absorbing materials in the third arc-shaped accommodating cavities and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavities in the process of diffusing the heat to the periphery, so that the heat absorbing effect can be improved.
In some embodiments, the first and second arc-shaped receiving chambers are arranged along a length direction of the protection plate body, or the first and second arc-shaped receiving chambers are arranged along a width direction of the protection plate body, or the third and fourth arc-shaped receiving chambers are arranged along a length direction of the protection plate body, or the third and fourth arc-shaped receiving chambers are arranged along a width direction of the protection plate body. In this way, the heat absorbing efficiency of the heat absorbing material in the second group of accommodating chambers and the heat absorbing efficiency of the heat absorbing material in the third group of accommodating chambers can be improved.
In some embodiments, at least some of the plurality of receiving cavities are in communication to form an exhaust runner that extends through to an edge of the shield plate body, the heat absorbing material includes a decomposition material that is received within the exhaust runner, and the decomposition material is heated to decompose the non-combustible gas. Therefore, the nonflammable gas heated and decomposed by the decomposition material can rapidly take away heat in the flowing process, so that the cooling efficiency of the battery pack is improved, and the probability of danger is further reduced.
In some embodiments, part of the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity is a first communication hole, part of the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity is a second communication hole, part of the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity is a third communication hole, part of the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity is a fourth communication hole, the first communication hole is communicated with the third communication hole through part of the first accommodating cavity, the second communication hole is communicated with the fourth communication hole through part of the second accommodating cavity, the protection plate body is further provided with a first exhaust hole and a second exhaust hole, the first exhaust hole is communicated with the first communication hole and penetrates to the edge of the protection plate body, and the second exhaust hole is communicated with the second communication hole and penetrates to the edge of the protection plate body. Thus, the third communication hole, the first accommodation chamber communicating the first communication hole and the third communication hole, the first communication hole, and the first exhaust hole form an exhaust flow passage. The fourth communication hole, the first accommodating cavity communicating the second communication hole and the fourth communication hole, the second communication hole and the second exhaust hole form another exhaust runner. When the battery pack is out of control, the nonflammable gas generated by heating the decomposition materials in the two exhaust runners can take away part of heat of the first group of accommodating cavities, the second group of accommodating cavities, the third group of accommodating cavities, the fourth group of accommodating cavities and the fifth group of accommodating cavities in the flowing process, so that more heat can be taken away, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the protection structure is improved.
In some embodiments, the third communication hole includes a first hole section and a second hole section arranged along a circumference of the third central receiving cavity, the first hole section communicates with the first communication hole through one first receiving cavity, the second hole section communicates with the first communication hole through the other first receiving cavity, and the fourth communication hole includes a third hole section and a fourth hole section arranged along a circumference of the third central receiving cavity, the third hole section communicates with the second communication hole through one second receiving cavity, and the fourth hole section communicates with the second communication hole through the other second receiving cavity. Therefore, a plurality of exhaust runners can be formed on two sides of the first group of accommodating cavities along the width direction of the protective plate body, and partial heat at the first group of accommodating cavities can be taken away by nonflammable gas generated by heating of the decomposition material in the flowing process of the plurality of exhaust runners, so that the heat at the central position of the battery module can be further and rapidly reduced, and the probability of danger is reduced.
In some embodiments, the protection plate body comprises a first heated region, a second heated region and a third heated region, the temperature of a heat source corresponding to the first heated region is higher than that of a heat source corresponding to the second heated region, the temperature of the heat source corresponding to the second heated region is higher than that of a heat source corresponding to the third heated region, the second heated region is arranged along the circumferential direction of the first heated region, the third heated region is arranged along the circumferential direction of the second heated region, the absolute value of the enthalpy value of a heat absorbing material positioned in the first heated region is higher than that of the heat absorbing material positioned in the second heated region, and the absolute value of the enthalpy value of the heat absorbing material positioned in the second heated region is higher than that of the heat absorbing material positioned in the third heated region, so that the heat absorbing materials with different heat absorbing performances are arranged in the accommodating cavities of the first heated region, the second heated region and the third heated region to balance the cooling requirements of the first heated region, the second heated region and the third heated region. And/or the content of the heat absorbing material positioned in the first heated area is greater than that of the heat absorbing material positioned in the second heated area, and the content of the heat absorbing material positioned in the second heated area is greater than that of the heat absorbing material positioned in the third heated area, so that the heat absorbing requirements of different positions of the battery module can be met, and the waste of materials caused by redundancy of the heat absorbing materials of the second heated area and the third heated area can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the length of the protective plate body is b, the width of the protective plate body is a, when 0<b/a <4, the geometric center of the protective plate body is used as the center of the circle,The method comprises the steps of forming a radius circle, forming a first heated area by taking the geometric center of a protective plate body as a center, taking a 0.36a as a short half shaft, taking an area formed by an ellipse with a length of the short half shaft, (3*b/a-1)/6*a as a length of the long half shaft as a first elliptical area, forming a second heated area by removing part of the first heated area in the first elliptical area, forming a third heated area by removing part of the first heated area and the second heated area in the protective plate body, taking the geometric center of the protective plate body as the center, taking a 0.5a as the short half shaft, taking an area formed by an ellipse with the length of the long half shaft as the center, taking an area formed by a part of the long half shaft as the second elliptical area, removing part of the first heated area in the second elliptical area, forming a third heated area by removing part of the first heated area and the second heated area in the protective plate body, and taking the rest of the protective plate body after removing the first heated area and the second heated area as the third heated area. Through the mode, the positions of the first heated area, the second heated area and the third heated area are accurate, and therefore the heat absorption effect of the protection structure is improved.
In some embodiments, the heat sink material comprises at least one of a phase change material and a chemical heat storage material.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the heat absorbing material is greater than or equal to 0.02mm and less than or equal to 1.6mm in the thickness direction of the protective plate body. The thickness of the heat absorbing material is set in the range, so that the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material can be ensured, and waste caused by excessive heat absorbing material can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the protective plate body comprises a support plate and a first barrier layer, wherein the support plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other, the first surface is provided with a plurality of containing holes which are concave towards the second surface, the heat absorbing material is contained in the containing holes, and the first barrier layer is arranged on the first surface and covers the containing holes. Therefore, the plurality of containing holes covered by the first barrier layer form a plurality of containing cavities, and the setting of the containing cavities is convenient.
In some embodiments, the receiving holes penetrate through the second surface, and the protection structure further comprises a second barrier layer, wherein the second barrier layer is arranged on the second surface and covers the receiving holes. By the arrangement of the second barrier layer, the barrier effect of the heat radiation of the protective structure can be further improved, thereby further inhibiting the spread of the heat radiation.
In some embodiments, the first barrier layer comprises a first thermal insulation layer and a first radiation barrier layer, the first thermal insulation layer is connected to the support plate, and the first radiation barrier layer is connected to a side of the first thermal insulation layer facing away from the support plate. The heat can be blocked by the first blocking radiation layer and the first heat insulation layer in sequence in the process of transferring through the first blocking layer comprising the first heat insulation layer and the first blocking radiation layer, so that the heat is continuously attenuated, and further, the heat spreading can be restrained to a greater extent, so that dangerous accidents are reduced.
In some embodiments, the material of the first radiation blocking layer comprises at least one of an inverse spinel type metal oxide, aluminum, copper, silver, aluminum oxide. The first radiation blocking layer is made of the material, and can well reflect heat radiation, so that heat is well blocked, and heat spreading is slowed down.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the first insulating layer is greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 11mm along the thickness direction of the support plate. The thickness of the first heat insulation layer is in the range, so that the heat insulation effect of the first heat insulation layer can be ensured, and the waste of materials can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the first radiation blocking layer is greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.9mm in the thickness direction of the support plate. The thickness of the first radiation blocking layer is in the range, so that the heat insulation effect of the first radiation blocking layer can be ensured, and the waste of materials can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the support plate comprises a plate body and a plurality of clamping pieces, wherein the plate body comprises a first surface and a second surface, the clamping pieces are connected to the plate body and comprise a first clamping part and a second clamping part, the first clamping parts surround the first barrier layer and are clamped with the first barrier layer, and the second clamping parts surround the second barrier layer and are clamped with the second barrier layer. Through first joint portion and first barrier layer joint, can be quick connect first barrier layer in the backup pad to make things convenient for the connection of first barrier layer and backup pad. Through second joint portion and second barrier layer joint, can be quick connect the second barrier layer in the backup pad to make things convenient for the connection of second barrier layer and backup pad.
In some embodiments, the first clamping portion comprises a first positioning plate and a first limiting plate, the first positioning plate is located on one side of the first blocking layer along a first direction, the projection of the first blocking layer is overlapped with a part of the projection of the first positioning plate, the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the plate body, and the first limiting plate is connected to the first positioning plate and located on one side of the first blocking layer opposite to the plate body. Thus, the first locating plate can limit the first barrier layer from one side of the first barrier layer in the first direction, and the first locating plate can limit the first barrier layer from one side of the first barrier layer back-to-back plate body, so that the first barrier layer can be prevented from deviating or falling off from the plate body, and the connection effect of the first barrier layer and the supporting plate is improved.
In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the plate body, a positioning protrusion is formed on a side of the first clamping portion opposite to the plate body, a positioning groove is formed on a side of the second clamping portion opposite to the plate body, and the positioning protrusion of one protection structure can be clamped in the positioning groove of the other protection structure. Therefore, the adjacent two protection structures can be positioned through the matching of the positioning protrusion and the positioning groove, so that the dislocation of the adjacent two protection structures is avoided, and the protection effect of the protection structures on the battery module is prevented from being influenced.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a battery pack is provided that includes a battery assembly and a protective structure coupled to the battery assembly.
In some embodiments, the battery assembly includes a plurality of battery modules arranged at intervals, and at least one protection structure is disposed between any two adjacent battery modules.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrical device comprising a device body and a battery pack connected to the device body.
It should be noted that, the technical effects caused by the implementation manners of the second aspect to the third aspect may refer to the technical effects caused by the corresponding implementation manners of the first aspect, which are not described herein again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of another structure of a battery pack according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection structure according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the protective structure shown in FIG. 4;
Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the protective structure shown in fig. 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure A in FIG. 6;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a support plate in the protection structure shown in fig. 4;
FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of the protective structure shown in FIG. 4;
Fig. 10 is a schematic front view of the support plate shown in fig. 8;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the support plate shown in FIG. 8 in a side view;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 12 at C;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of one configuration of the support plate of the protective structure shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of another configuration of the support plate of the protective structure shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 16 is a schematic top view of yet another configuration of the support plate of the protective structure shown in FIG. 4;
Fig. 17 is a schematic top view of the support plate shown in fig. 8;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing a distribution relationship of the first heated region, the second heated region and the third heated region in the support plate;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing another distribution relationship of the first heated region, the second heated region, and the third heated region in the support plate;
Fig. 20 is a temperature time relationship diagram of a protection structure in the related art and a protection structure of the present application under the same condition.
Reference numerals:
1000. an electric device;
100. 200 parts of equipment body, a driving motor, 300 parts of battery pack, 400 parts of wheel, 10 parts of battery assembly, 10A parts of battery module, 20 parts of protection structure;
1A, a protective plate body, 1, a support plate, 11, a first surface, 12, a second surface, 13, a plate body, 14, a clamping piece, 141, a first clamping part, 1411, a first positioning plate, 1412, a first limiting plate, 1413, a positioning bulge, 142, a second clamping part, 1421, a second positioning plate, 1422, a second limiting plate, 1423, and a positioning groove;
15. Receiving cavities, 15A, receiving holes, 151, a first set of receiving cavities, 1511, a first central receiving cavity, 1512, a first edge receiving cavity;
152. A second group of accommodating cavities, 1521, a second central accommodating cavity, 1522, a second edge accommodating cavity, 1522A, a first arc-shaped accommodating cavity, 1522B, a second arc-shaped accommodating cavity, 1522C, a first communication hole, 1522D, a second communication hole;
153. A third set of receiving cavities, 1531, a third central receiving cavity, 1532, a third edge receiving cavity, 1532A, a third arc receiving cavity, 1532B, a fourth arc receiving cavity, 1532C, a third communication hole, 1532D, a fourth communication hole, 1532E, a first hole segment, 1532F, a second hole segment, 1532M, a third hole segment, 1532N, a fourth hole segment;
154. A fourth set of receiving cavities; 1541, a first receiving cavity;
155. a fifth group of accommodating cavities, 1551, a second accommodating cavity, 156, and an exhaust runner;
16. 17, the second exhaust hole;
2. A first barrier layer; 21, a first heat insulation layer, 22, a first radiation blocking layer;
3. A second barrier layer; 31, a second heat insulation layer, 32, a second radiation blocking layer;
S1, a first heated area, S2, a second heated area and S3, a third heated area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or relative positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the above description of the azimuth may be flexibly set in the course of practical application in the case where the relative positional relationship shown in the drawings is satisfied.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected. Can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
In embodiments of the invention, words such as "exemplary" or "such as" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g." in an embodiment of the present invention is not to be taken as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete fashion.
In the description of the present specification, a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
The present application provides a powered device 1000. The electric equipment 1000 may be a ship, an airplane, a vehicle, etc. The present application is illustrated with powered device 1000 as a vehicle.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the application. Powered device 1000 may include a device body 100, a drive motor 200, and a battery pack 300. The driving motor 200 and the battery pack 300 are both connected to the apparatus body 100, and the battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the driving motor 200 for supplying power to the driving motor 200 so that the driving motor 200 drives the apparatus body 100 to operate.
Illustratively, if the powered device 1000 is a vehicle, the device body 100 is a vehicle body. In this case, the vehicle further includes wheels 400, the wheels 400 are connected to the vehicle body, and the driving motor 200 is connected to the wheels 400. After the battery pack 300 supplies power to the driving motor 200, the driving motor 200 can drive the wheels 400 to rotate, thereby allowing the vehicle to run.
The vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, an oil-electricity hybrid vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, an extended range electric vehicle and the like. The vehicle may also be a car, van, coach, truck, trailer, etc.
The battery pack 300 will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The battery pack 300 may be a lithium ion battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a fuel cell, a lead-acid battery, or the like, and the kind of the battery pack 300 is not particularly limited in the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery pack 300 according to some embodiments of the application. The battery pack 300 includes the battery assembly 10 and the protection structure 20. The battery assembly 10 is used to power the driving motor 200. The protection structure 20 is disposed in the battery assembly 10, and is used for protecting the battery assembly 10 to avoid potential safety hazards such as fire hazard caused by thermal runaway of the battery assembly 10.
In some examples, with continued reference to fig. 2, the battery assembly 10 may include a plurality of battery modules 10A. The plurality of battery modules 10A are arranged at intervals. The battery assembly 10 including the plurality of battery modules 10A can facilitate the processing of the battery pack and reduce the maintenance cost of the battery pack.
In this case, at least one protection structure 20 may be disposed between any adjacent two battery modules 10A. For example, one protection structure 20 may be provided between any adjacent two battery modules 10A. Also, as an example, a plurality of protection structures 20 may be provided between any adjacent two battery modules 10A, for example, two, three, four, etc. Also exemplary, one protection structure 20 is disposed between two partially adjacent battery modules 10A, and a plurality of protection structures 20 are disposed between two partially adjacent battery modules 10A.
By providing at least one protection structure 20 between any adjacent two of the battery modules 10A, when thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery modules 10A, the protection structure 20 can suppress the heat of the battery module 10A from spreading to the battery module 10A adjacent thereto, thereby avoiding thermal runaway from occurring due to overheating of the battery module 10A adjacent to the battery module 10A in which thermal runaway occurs, and reducing the influence upon thermal runaway of the battery.
In other examples, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another structure of a battery pack 300 according to some embodiments of the present application. At least one protection structure 20 is also provided at the side of the outermost battery module 10A facing away from the battery module 10A adjacent thereto. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs in the outermost battery module 10A, the protection structure 20 can suppress the heat of the outermost battery module 10A from spreading to the devices in the vicinity of the battery pack 300, thereby preventing the devices in the vicinity of the battery pack 300 from being damaged by heat.
In other examples, the battery assembly 10 may also include one battery module 10A. In this case, at least one protection structure 20 may be provided at both opposite sides of the battery module 10A to prevent heat from rapidly spreading to other devices to cause damage to the other devices when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control.
In the related art, the protection structure 20 generally includes two layers of heat insulating cotton and a heat absorbing material disposed between the two layers of heat insulating cotton, and the heat absorbing material is sandwiched between the two layers of heat insulating cotton to fix the heat insulating cotton and the heat absorbing material. However, the heat absorbing material is usually in powder form, and in the process of clamping the heat absorbing material by the two layers of heat insulating cotton, the heat absorbing material is easy to drop or deviate from the original position, so that deviation occurs in distribution of the heat absorbing material, and the protection effect of the protection structure 20 is affected.
Further, the battery module 10A is generally in a plate-shaped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped structure, or the like, and the heat insulating cotton of the protection structure 20 is generally attached to one side surface of the battery module 10A. Therefore, when the battery module 10A is out of control, the heat at the central position of the battery module 10A needs to be continuously diffused to the peripheral edges before being conducted away, so that the heat dissipation at the central position of the battery module 10A is slower, the heat accumulation is more, and the central position of the battery module 10A corresponds to the central position of the protection structure 20. At this time, if the heat absorbing material is uniformly distributed between the two layers of heat insulating cotton, it may occur that the heat absorbing material at the central position of the protection structure 20 is consumed more rapidly, and thus, the heat absorbing material at the central position of the protection structure 20 is consumed and the central position of the battery module 10A still gathers more heat, thereby still having the risk of a safety accident such as a fire. In addition, since the heat dissipation at the edge position of the battery module 10A is fast, the heat absorbing material at the edge position of the protection structure 20 is consumed slowly, thereby causing the heat absorbing material at the edge position of the protection structure 20 to be excessive, resulting in waste of material.
If the distribution of the heat absorbing material between the two layers of heat insulating cotton is not uniform, for example, the distribution of the heat absorbing material at the center of the protective structure 20 is large, and the distribution of the heat absorbing material at the edge of the protective structure 20 is small. The heat absorbing material still falls or deviates from the original position when the two heat insulating layers clamp the heat absorbing material, and gaps may also occur between the heat insulating cotton and the heat absorbing material, thereby affecting the protection effect of the protection structure 20.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, please refer to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection structure 20 according to some embodiments of the present application, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The protective structure 20 includes a protective plate body 1A and a heat absorbing material (not shown in the drawings). Wherein the protective plate body 1A comprises a support plate 1, a first barrier layer 2 and a second barrier layer 3. The support plate 1 is used for placing heat absorbing materials, and a heat absorbing layer is formed after the heat absorbing materials are placed in the support plate 1. The first barrier layer 2 and the second barrier layer 3 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the support plate 1. Specifically, referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4, and fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure a in fig. 6. The support plate 1 comprises a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other, the first barrier layer 2 is arranged on the first surface 11, and the second barrier layer 3 is arranged on the second surface 12.
After the protection structure 20 is mounted between the two battery modules 10A of the battery pack 300, the first barrier layer 2 is in contact with one of the battery modules 10A, and the second barrier layer 3 is in contact with the other battery module 10A. When thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery modules 10A of the battery assembly 10, heat is first transferred to the first barrier layer 2 of the protection structure 20 through heat conduction, and the heat conduction can be effectively suppressed and slowed down because the first barrier layer 2 has a large thermal resistance. After passing through the first barrier layer 2, the heat reaches the heat absorption layer in the support plate 1, and the heat absorption material of the heat absorption layer can absorb the penetrated heat, so that the heat transfer is further slowed down. Further, a part of the heat absorbing material may be a decomposed material capable of generating a non-combustible gas after decomposition of the decomposed material, and an exhaust passage (a specific structure will be described later in detail) may be provided on the support plate 1 to exhaust the decomposed gas of the decomposed material. The gas generated after decomposing the decomposition material continuously washes the heat exchange plane to strengthen the plane heat exchange, promotes the decomposition of the heat absorbing material to continuously take away heat, and further avoids more heat from being rapidly transferred to the adjacent battery module 10A to cause the adjacent battery module 10A to generate thermal runaway so as to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents such as fire and the like.
In some examples, the support plate 1 is made of a heat insulating material, so that the support plate 1 can also insulate heat radiation, thereby delaying heat spreading. For example, the support plate 1 may be foamed ceramic, asbestos, or the like.
In order to increase the heat conduction insulating capability of the first barrier layer 2 to increase the heat spreading inhibiting effect of the first barrier layer 2, in some embodiments, please continue to refer to fig. 7, the first barrier layer 2 includes a first heat insulating layer 21 and a first radiation blocking layer 22. The first insulating layer 21 is attached to the support plate 1, in particular, the first insulating layer 21 is attached to the first surface 11. The first radiation blocking layer 22 is connected to the side of the first insulating layer 21 facing away from the support plate 1. The second barrier layer 3 comprises a second thermal insulation layer 31 and a second radiation blocking layer 32. The second insulating layer 31 is attached to the support plate 1, in particular the second insulating layer 31 is attached to the second surface 12. The second radiation blocking layer 32 is connected to the side of the second insulating layer 31 facing away from the support plate 1.
In this way, when the battery module 10A in the battery pack 300 contacting the first insulating layer 2 is thermally out of control, the first insulating layer 22 can block heat radiation, meanwhile, the first insulating layer 21 has larger thermal resistance and can effectively block and reduce heat from entering the support plate 1, heat entering the support plate 1 can be absorbed by heat absorbing materials and decomposition materials, so that heat is directly taken away by heat convection with stronger heat exchange capacity is triggered, so that heat reaching the second insulating layer 31 is rapidly reduced, and therefore, heat penetrating the second insulating layer 31 with larger thermal resistance is significantly reduced, and the temperature of the second insulating layer 32 outside the second insulating layer 3 is always in low temperature, so that the battery module 10A contacting the second insulating layer 3 is prevented from being overheated and thermally out of control.
The heat transfer direction at the time of thermal runaway of the battery module 10A in the battery pack 300 in contact with the second barrier layer 3 is opposite to the heat transfer direction at the time of thermal runaway of the battery module 10A in the battery pack 300 in contact with the first barrier layer 2, which is not described herein.
When the battery module 10A in contact with the first barrier layer 2 and the battery module 10A in contact with the second barrier layer 3 in the battery pack 300 are simultaneously thermally out of control, heat of the battery module 10A in contact with the first barrier layer 2 sequentially passes through the first barrier radiation layer 22 and the first heat insulation layer 21, is continuously attenuated, and then enters the heat absorption layer, and is absorbed by the heat absorption material and the decomposition material. Meanwhile, the heat of the battery module 10A in contact with the second barrier layer 3 is continuously attenuated by the second barrier radiation layer 32 and the second heat insulation layer 31 and then enters the heat absorption layer, and the heat is absorbed by the heat absorption material and the decomposition material.
And in the process that the heat is continuously attenuated, the heat can be continuously diffused to the edge of the battery pack 300 to radiate heat. Therefore, the spread of heat can be suppressed to a large extent by the first barrier layer 2 including the first heat insulating layer 21 and the first radiation blocking layer 22, and the second barrier layer 3 including the second heat insulating layer 31 and the second radiation blocking layer 32, so as to reduce the occurrence of dangerous accidents.
In other embodiments, the first barrier layer 2 may comprise only the first insulating layer 21. The second barrier layer 3 may also comprise only the second insulating layer 31.
In order to secure the heat insulation effect of the first heat insulation layer 21 and avoid material waste, referring to fig. 7, the thickness of the first heat insulation layer 21 (e.g., the thickness H1 in fig. 7) may be greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 11mm along the thickness direction of the support plate 1. By way of example, the thickness of the first insulating layer 21 may be 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, etc. The thickness of the first insulating layer 21 at different positions may be equal or unequal.
The thickness of the second insulating layer 31 (e.g., the thickness H2 in fig. 7) may also be greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 11mm in the thickness direction of the support plate 1. By way of example, the thickness of the second insulating layer 31 may be 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, etc. The thicknesses of the second insulating layers 31 at different positions may be equal or unequal.
In order to ensure the heat insulation effect of the first radiation blocking layer 22 and avoid material waste, with continued reference to fig. 7, the thickness of the first radiation blocking layer 22 (e.g., the thickness H3 in fig. 7) may be greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.9mm along the thickness direction of the support plate 1. By way of example, the thickness of the first radiation blocking layer 22 may be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, etc. Wherein the thicknesses of the first radiation blocking layer 22 at different positions may be equal or unequal.
The thickness of the second radiation blocking layer 32 (thickness H4 as shown in fig. 7) may also be greater than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.9mm in the thickness direction of the support plate 1. By way of example, the thickness of the second radiation blocking layer 32 may be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, etc. Wherein the thicknesses of the second radiation blocking layer 32 at different positions may or may not be equal.
Wherein the material of the first insulation layer 21 may comprise aerogel. The aerogel has a nanoscale porous structure and a low heat conductivity coefficient, so the aerogel has good heat insulation performance. By the aerogel as the material of the first heat insulating layer 21, the heat insulating effect of the first heat insulating layer 21 can be ensured.
The material of the second insulation layer 31 may also comprise aerogel. The material of the second heat insulating layer 31 is aerogel, so that the heat insulating effect of the second heat insulating layer 31 can be ensured.
By way of example, the aerogel may be at least one of an inorganic aerogel, an organic aerogel, a carbon aerogel, a natural aerogel, a carbide aerogel, and the like.
Because of the existence of more pores in the aerogel, the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel is very low, which is favorable for inhibiting heat conduction, but the radiation heat exchange in the aerogel is very remarkable due to a large number of pores, so that a light shielding agent can be arranged in the gaps of the first heat insulation layer 21 to isolate heat radiation through the light shielding agent, thereby enhancing the heat insulation effect of the first heat insulation layer 21. A light shielding agent may be disposed in the gaps of the second heat insulating layer 31 to isolate heat radiation through the light shielding agent, thereby enhancing the heat insulating effect of the second heat insulating layer 31.
Illustratively, the opacifying agent may be at least one of carbon black, siC, potassium hexatitanate whisker, tiO 2、ZrO2、Al2O3, coal ash, and the like.
The material of the first radiation blocking layer 22 may comprise at least one of an inverse spinel type metal oxide, aluminum, copper, silver, aluminum oxide. The first radiation blocking layer 22 may be a reflective coating made of at least one of TiO 2, glass beads, aluminum powder, and Al 2O3 and a resin, or may be a metal layer of copper, silver, or aluminum. The first radiation blocking layer 22 is made of the above material, and can better reflect heat radiation, so as to better block heat and slow down heat spreading.
The material of the second barrier layer 3 may also comprise at least one of anti-spinel type metal oxides, aluminum, copper, silver, aluminum oxides.
To facilitate the connection of the first barrier layer 2 to the support plate 1 and the connection of the second barrier layer 3 to the support plate 1, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the support plate 1 in the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The support plate 1 includes a plate body 13 and a clip 14. The first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are opposite surfaces of the plate 13. The plurality of clamping members 14 are connected to the plate 13. Illustratively, the clamping member 14 may be connected to the plate 13 by screwing, clamping, welding, or the like. The clamping member 14 may be integrally formed with the plate 13.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic side view of the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The clamping member 14 includes a first clamping portion 141 and a second clamping portion 142. The first clamping portions 141 surround the first barrier layer 2 and are clamped with the first barrier layer 2, and the second clamping portions 142 surround the second barrier layer 3 and are clamped with the second barrier layer 3. For example, referring to fig. 8, the plate 13 may have a rectangular structure, a plurality of clamping members 14 are disposed at one side edge of the plate 13 in the length direction, and a plurality of clamping members 14 are disposed at two side edges of the plate 13 in the width direction. At this time, after the first barrier layer 2 is disposed on the first surface 11, the first engaging portions 141 of the plurality of engaging members 14 can surround the first barrier layer 2 and engage with the first barrier layer 2. And the second barrier layer 3 is disposed behind the second surface 12, and the second clamping portions 142 of the plurality of clamping members 14 can surround the second barrier layer 3 and be clamped with the second barrier layer 3.
In some examples, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic front view of the support plate 1 shown in fig. 8, and the length of the first clamping portion 141 and the length of the second clamping portion 142 may be equal. The length of the first engaging portion 141 of the engaging piece 14 located at both side edges of the plate body 13 in the width direction refers to the dimension of the first engaging portion 141 in the length direction of the plate body 13. The length of the second engaging portion 142 of the engaging member 14 located at both side edges of the plate body 13 in the width direction refers to the dimension of the second engaging portion 142 in the length direction of the plate body 13. The length of the first engaging portion 141 of the engaging piece 14 located at one side edge of the plate body 13 in the longitudinal direction refers to the dimension of the first engaging portion 141 in the width direction of the plate body 13. The length of the second engaging portion 142 of the engaging piece 14 located at one side edge of the plate body 13 in the longitudinal direction refers to the dimension of the second engaging portion 142 in the width direction of the plate body 13.
In other examples, the length of the first clamping portion 141 and the length of the second clamping portion 142 may not be equal. The lengths of the different first clamping portions 141 may not be equal. The lengths of the different second clamping portions 142 may also be unequal. In this way, the connection stability of the first barrier layer 2 and the support plate 1 and the connection stability of the second barrier layer 3 and the support plate 1 can be ensured, and the material of the support plate 1 can be saved, so that the cost is saved.
Through first joint portion 141 and first barrier layer 2 joint, can be quick with first barrier layer 2 connect in backup pad 1 to make things convenient for the connection of first barrier layer 2 and backup pad 1. Through second joint portion 142 and second barrier layer 3 joint, can be quick with second barrier layer 3 connect in backup pad 1 to make things convenient for the connection of second barrier layer 3 and backup pad 1. Moreover, the plurality of clamping pieces 14 are arranged, so that the first barrier layer 2 and the support plate 1 can be connected more stably, and the second barrier layer 3 and the support plate 1 can be connected more stably.
In other embodiments, the first barrier layer 2 may also be attached to the first surface 11 by means of adhesive. The second barrier layer 3 may also be attached to the second surface 12 by means of an adhesive.
To further facilitate the connection of the first barrier layer 2 to the support plate 1, in some embodiments, please refer to fig. 11, fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in fig. 9. The first clamping portion 141 includes a first positioning plate 1411 and a first stopper plate 1412. The first positioning plate 1411 is located on one side of the first barrier layer 2 in a first direction (direction X as shown in fig. 11), and the projection of the first barrier layer 2 overlaps with a portion of the projection of the first positioning plate 1411, the first direction being perpendicular to the thickness direction of the plate body 13. That is, the first direction may be the longitudinal direction of the plate 13 or the width direction of the plate 13. The first limiting plate 1412 is connected to the first positioning plate 1411 and is located on a side of the first barrier layer 2 opposite to the plate 13.
Thus, the first positioning plate 1411 can limit the first barrier layer 2 from one side of the first barrier layer 2 in the first direction, and the first limiting plate 1412 can limit the first barrier layer 2 from one side of the first barrier layer 2 opposite to the plate body 13, so that the first barrier layer 2 can be prevented from being deviated or falling off relative to the plate body 13, and the connection effect of the first barrier layer 2 and the support plate 1 can be improved.
Further, referring to fig. 11, the second clamping portion 142 may include a second positioning plate 1421 and a second limiting plate 1422. The second positioning plate 1421 is located at one side of the second barrier layer 3 along the first direction, and the projection of the second barrier layer 3 overlaps with a portion of the projection of the second positioning plate 1421. The second limiting plate 1422 is connected to the second positioning plate 1421, and is located on a side of the second blocking layer 3 opposite to the plate 13.
In this way, the second positioning plate 1421 can limit the second barrier layer 3 from one side of the second barrier layer 3 in the first direction, and the second limiting plate 1422 can limit the second barrier layer 3 from one side of the second barrier layer 3 opposite to the plate body 13, so that the second barrier layer 3 can be prevented from being deviated or falling off relative to the plate body 13, so as to improve the connection effect of the second barrier layer 3 and the support plate 1.
In other embodiments, the first clamping portion 141 may be a first clamping protrusion, and is clamped in the first clamping hole of the first barrier layer 2 by the first clamping protrusion, so as to connect the support plate 1 and the first barrier layer 2. The second clamping portion 142 may be a second clamping protrusion, and is clamped in a second clamping hole of the second barrier layer 3 through the second clamping protrusion, so as to realize connection between the support plate 1 and the second barrier layer 3.
In addition, in the case where a plurality of protection structures 20 are provided between two adjacent battery modules 10A of the battery pack 300, the protection effect is affected in order to avoid the plurality of protection structures 20 from being offset from each other. In some embodiments, referring to fig. 12 and 13, fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the support plate 1 shown in fig. 8 when seen from the side, and fig. 13 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in fig. 12. A positioning protrusion 1413 is formed on a side of the first clamping portion 141 facing away from the plate body 13 in the thickness direction of the plate body 13, and specifically, the positioning protrusion 1413 may be formed on the first stopper plate 1412. A positioning groove 1423 is formed on a side of the second clamping portion 142 opposite to the plate body 13, and specifically, the positioning groove 1423 may be formed on the second limiting plate 1422. At this time, after two adjacent protection structures 20 are stacked together, the positioning protrusion 1413 of one protection structure 20 can be clamped to the positioning groove 1423 of the other protection structure 20. Therefore, the adjacent two protection structures 20 can be positioned through the cooperation of the positioning protrusion 1413 and the positioning groove 1423, so that the protection effect of the protection structure 20 on the battery module 10A is prevented from being influenced due to the dislocation of the adjacent two protection structures 20.
In order to avoid falling or deviating of the heat absorbing material from the original position, please refer to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a schematic top view of a structure of the support plate 1 of the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The protection board body 1A is provided with a plurality of accommodating cavities 15, the accommodating cavities 15 are arranged in the plane where the protection board body 1A is located, and the accommodating cavities 15 are arranged at intervals. In some examples, the first surface 11 of the support plate 1 is provided with a plurality of accommodating holes 15A recessed toward the second surface 12, the plurality of accommodating holes 15A penetrate the second surface 12, that is, the plurality of accommodating holes 15A are through holes, the first barrier layer 2 is provided on the first surface 11 and covers the plurality of accommodating holes 15A, and the second barrier layer 3 is provided on the second surface 12 and covers the plurality of accommodating holes 15A. The plurality of accommodating holes 15A are covered by the first barrier layer 2 and the second barrier layer 3 to form a plurality of accommodating chambers 15, in other words, the accommodating chambers 15 are disposed on the support plate 1.
The protection structure 20 further includes a heat absorbing material (not shown in the drawings), which is accommodated in the plurality of accommodating chambers 15.
In other embodiments, the plurality of receiving cavities 15 may also be blind holes that do not extend through the second surface 12. In this case, the protective structure 20 may be provided without the second barrier layer 3.
Through setting up a plurality of holding holes 15A on backup pad 1, locate the heat absorbing material in a plurality of holding holes 15A to cover a plurality of holding holes 15A respectively from the both ends of holding hole 15A through first barrier layer 2 and second barrier layer 3, so that a plurality of holding holes 15A form a plurality of holding chamber 15, thereby can restrict the heat absorbing material in holding chamber 15 through the internal face of holding chamber 15, namely through the internal face of holding chamber 15 and first barrier layer 2 and second barrier layer 3 with the heat absorbing material restriction in holding chamber 15, thereby avoid heat absorbing material to deviate original position or drop, and then can guarantee the heat absorbing effect of heat absorbing layer, with the heat absorbing effect of assurance protection architecture 20.
In addition, by protecting the plate body 1A including the support plate 1, the first barrier layer 2 and the second barrier layer 3, it is possible to conveniently provide the accommodating chamber 15 in the protecting plate body 1A. In order to better absorb heat from the center of the battery pack 300, and with continued reference to fig. 14, in some embodiments, the plurality of receiving cavities 15 includes a first set of receiving cavities 151. First set of receiving cavities 151 includes a first central receiving cavity 1511 and at least one layer of first edge receiving cavities 1512 disposed around first central receiving cavity 1511. The first central receiving chamber 1511 is located at the geometric center of the protection plate body 1A, that is, the first central receiving chamber 1511 is located at the geometric center of the support plate 1.
After the protection structure 20 is mounted to the battery pack 300, the geometric center of the support plate 1 corresponds to the center position of the battery module 10A. In this way, when the battery module 10A is out of control, the heat absorbing material in the first central accommodating cavity 1511 can quickly absorb the heat generated by the battery module 10A, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the first edge accommodating cavity 1512 when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat of the central position of the battery pack 300 can be quickly dissipated, and the possibility of danger is reduced.
In some examples, the number of layers of the first edge receiving cavity 1512 may be one or more. With continued reference to fig. 14, when the number of the first edge accommodating cavities 1512 is multiple, the multiple first edge accommodating cavities 1512 may be nested in sequence along the length direction of the protection plate body 1A on the plane where the protection plate body 1A is located, that is, any two adjacent first edge accommodating cavities 1512, where one first edge accommodating cavity 1512 is located inside the other first edge accommodating cavity 1512. In this way, the heat absorbing material can be distributed in more accommodating cavities 15, so that the heat absorbing material is distributed uniformly, and the heat absorbing efficiency of the heat absorbing material is improved. And the first edge accommodation cavities 1512 of the multiple layers are nested in sequence along the plane where the protective plate body 1A is located, so that heat can be gradually absorbed by heat absorbing materials in the first edge accommodation cavities 1512 of different layers in the process of dispersing to the periphery, and the cooling effect is improved.
The number of first edge receiving cavities 1512 per layer may be one, in which case the first edge receiving cavities 1512 extend circumferentially along the first central receiving cavity 1511. The number of first edge cavities 1512 per layer may also be plural, in which case the plurality of first edge cavities 1512 in each layer may be spaced apart along the circumference of the first central cavity 1511. Each first edge receiving cavity 1512 may also extend circumferentially along first central receiving cavity 1511.
The first central accommodating cavity 1511 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, etc., so that the heat absorbing material in the first central accommodating cavity 1511 absorbs heat uniformly in a split manner, and the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material is improved. In addition, first central receiving cavity 1511 may be an arcuate aperture, a fan aperture, an irregularly shaped aperture, or the like.
The first edge accommodating cavity 1512 may be an arc hole, an annular hole, a semi-annular hole, etc., so that the heat absorbing material is relatively uniformly distributed in the first edge accommodating cavity 1512, and the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material is improved. In addition, the first edge receiving cavity 1512 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, an arc hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, a fan-shaped hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
For example, with continued reference to fig. 14, first central receiving chamber 1511 is an oval-shaped aperture. The first edge receiving cavity 1512 is an arcuate aperture. The number of layers of the first edge receiving cavity 1512 is two. Wherein the center axis of the first edge receiving cavity 1512 may coincide with the center axis of the elliptical aperture. The number of first edge accommodating cavities 1512 in each layer of first edge accommodating cavities 1512 is two, and the two first edge accommodating cavities 1512 are symmetrically arranged.
For example, referring to fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic top view of another structure of the support plate 1 of the protection structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The first central receiving chamber 1511 is a square aperture. The first edge accommodating cavity 1512 is a semi-annular hole, the semi-annular hole comprises three square holes which are connected in sequence, and the joint of two adjacent square holes is arc-shaped. The number of layers of the first edge receiving cavity 1512 is two. The number of first edge accommodating cavities 1512 in each layer of first edge accommodating cavities 1512 is two, and the two first edge accommodating cavities 1512 are symmetrically arranged.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 16, fig. 16 is a schematic top view of yet another structure of the support plate 1 of the protective structure 20 shown in fig. 4. The support plate 1 is elongated, i.e., the protective plate body 1A is elongated. The plurality of pockets 15 further includes a second set of pockets 152, a third set of pockets 153, a fourth set of pockets 154, and a fifth set of pockets 155. Along the length direction of the protection plate body 1A, the second group of accommodating chambers 152 are located at one side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151. The third set of receiving cavities 153 is located on a side of the first set of receiving cavities 151 facing away from the second set of receiving cavities 152. Along the width direction of the protection plate body 1A, the fourth group of accommodating chambers 154 are located at one side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151, and the fifth group of accommodating chambers 155 are located at the other side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151.
In this way, more accommodating chambers 15 can be provided on the protection plate body 1A to limit the heat absorbing material through more accommodating chambers 15, so that the heat absorbing material can be distributed more uniformly on the support plate 1, and the heat absorbing material is prevented from being excessively stacked at a certain position and excessively stacked at another position, thereby affecting the overall heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material.
In addition, the second, third, fourth and fifth groups of accommodating chambers 152, 153, 154 and 155 surround the first group of accommodating chambers 151, and the first group of accommodating chambers 151 may be made to correspond to the central positions of the battery modules, so that the heat absorbing material in the first group of accommodating chambers 151 absorbs heat at the central positions of the battery modules, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second, third, fourth and fifth groups of accommodating chambers 152, 153, 154 and 155 in the process of being diffused to the periphery, thereby improving the cooling effect.
In other embodiments, only the first group of receiving cavities 151 and the second group of receiving cavities 152 may be provided on the protection plate body 1A, i.e., the third group of receiving cavities 153, the fourth group of receiving cavities 154, and the fifth group of receiving cavities 155 are not provided. In still other embodiments, only the first, second, and third groups of receiving cavities 151, 152, and 153, i.e., the fourth and fifth groups of receiving cavities 154 and 155, may be provided on the protection plate body 1A. The number of the specific accommodating chambers 15 may be set according to the length of the protection plate body 1A and the heat distribution at the time of thermal runaway of the battery module 10A. For example, the ratio of the length of the protective plate body 1A to the width of the protective plate body 1A is greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 60. Specifically, the ratio of the length of the protective plate body 1A to the width of the protective plate body 1A may be 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, etc. At this time, the protective plate body 1A is long, and the first, second, and third groups of receiving chambers 151, 152, and 153 may be provided on the protective plate body 1A.
In some embodiments, the second set of pockets 152 includes a second central pocket 1521 and at least one layer of second edge pockets 1522 disposed about the second central pocket 1521. In this way, when the battery module 10A is in thermal runaway, the heat at the position of the battery module 10A corresponding to the second set of accommodating cavities 152 can be quickly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second central accommodating cavity 1521, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second edge accommodating cavity 1522 when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat dissipation can be performed on the position of the battery module 10A corresponding to the second set of accommodating cavities 152 more quickly, and the possibility of danger is further reduced.
In some examples, the number of layers of the second edge-receiving cavity 1522 may be one or more. With continued reference to fig. 16, when the number of layers of the second edge accommodating cavities 1522 is multiple, the multiple layers of the second edge accommodating cavities 1522 may be nested in sequence along the plane where the protection plate body 1A is located, that is, any two adjacent layers of the second edge accommodating cavities 1522, where one layer of the second edge accommodating cavities 1522 is located inside the other layer of the second edge accommodating cavities 1522. The heat in the battery module 10A at the position corresponding to the second set of accommodating cavities 152 can be gradually absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second edge accommodating cavities 1522 of the different layers in the process of dispersing to the periphery, so as to improve the cooling effect.
The number of second edge receiving cavities 1522 per layer may be one, in which case the second edge receiving cavities 1522 extend in the circumferential direction of the second central receiving cavity 1521. The number of the second edge cavities 1522 of each layer may be plural, and in this case, the second edge cavities 1522 of each layer of the second edge cavities 1522 may be disposed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second central cavity 1521. Each second edge receiving cavity 1522 may also extend in the circumferential direction of the second central receiving cavity 1521.
The second central accommodating cavity 1521 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, etc., so that the heat absorbing material is distributed uniformly in the central position of the area where the second group of accommodating cavities 152 are located, and the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material is improved. In addition, the second central accommodating cavity 1521 may be an arc-shaped hole, a fan-shaped hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
The second edge accommodating cavities 1522 may be arc-shaped holes, annular holes, semi-annular holes, etc., so that the heat absorbing material is uniformly distributed in the second group of accommodating cavities 152 as a whole, and the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material is improved. In addition, the second edge accommodating cavity 1522 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, an arc hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, a fan-shaped hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
For example, with continued reference to fig. 16, the number of layers of the second edge accommodating cavity 1522 is multiple, and specifically, the number of layers of the second edge accommodating cavity 1522 is three. Each layer of second edge receiving cavities 1522 includes first and second arc receiving cavities 1522A and 1522B arranged along the circumferential direction of the second central receiving cavity 1521. The first and second arc-shaped receiving cavities 1522A and 1522B are symmetrically disposed.
In this way, since the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522B are arc-shaped, and the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522B are symmetrically disposed, after the heat absorbing material is accommodated in the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522B, the heat absorbing material in the second group of accommodating cavities 152 is relatively uniform on the whole, and the heat in the positions corresponding to the battery module 10A and the second group of accommodating cavities 152 can be uniformly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522B in the process of diffusing to the periphery, so that the heat absorbing effect can be improved.
Wherein, the first and second arc-shaped receiving chambers 1522A and 1522B may be arranged along the length direction of the protection plate body 1A. In this way, one of the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A and the second arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522B may be close to the first group of central accommodating cavities 15, so that the heat absorbing material in the second group of accommodating cavities 152 may be more close to the first group of central accommodating cavities 15, and further the heat dissipated from the first group of central accommodating cavities 15 to the periphery may be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the second group of accommodating cavities 152 more rapidly, so as to improve the heat absorbing efficiency.
The first and second arc-shaped receiving cavities 1522A and 1522B may also be arranged in the width direction of the protection plate body 1A. In this way, the heat at the position of the battery module 10A corresponding to the second group accommodating chamber 152 can be absorbed and diffused more quickly in the width direction of the protective plate body 1A, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
In some embodiments, the third set of receiving cavities 153 includes a third central receiving cavity 1531 and at least one layer of third edge receiving cavities 1532 disposed around the third central receiving cavity 1531. In this way, when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control, the heat at the position of the battery module 10A corresponding to the third set of accommodating cavities 153 can be quickly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third central accommodating cavity 1531, and the heat can be absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third edge accommodating cavity 1532 when the heat is diffused to the periphery, so that the heat dissipation can be quickly performed on the position of the battery module 10A corresponding to the third set of accommodating cavities 153, and the possibility of danger occurrence is reduced.
In some examples, the number of layers of the third edge-receiving cavity 1532 may be one or more. With continued reference to fig. 16, when the number of layers of the third edge accommodating cavities 1532 is multiple, the multiple third edge accommodating cavities 1532 may be nested in sequence along the plane where the protective plate body 1A is located, that is, any two adjacent third edge accommodating cavities 1532, wherein one third edge accommodating cavity 1532 is located inside the other third edge accommodating cavity 1532. The heat in the battery module 10A at the position corresponding to the third group of accommodating cavities 153 can be gradually absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third edge accommodating cavity 1532 of the different layers in the process of diffusing to the periphery, so as to improve the cooling effect.
The number of third edge receiving cavities 1532 per layer may be one, in which case the third edge receiving cavities 1532 extend in the circumferential direction of the third central receiving cavity 1531. The number of the third edge accommodating cavities 1532 of each layer may be plural, and in this case, the third edge accommodating cavities 1532 of each layer of the third edge accommodating cavities 1532 may be disposed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the third central accommodating cavity 1531. Each third edge receiving cavity 1532 may also extend in the circumferential direction of the third central receiving cavity 1531.
The third central accommodating cavity 1531 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, etc., so that the heat absorbing material is uniformly distributed in the central position of the area where the third group of accommodating cavities 153 are located, and the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material is improved. In addition, the third central accommodating cavity 1531 may be an arc hole, a fan hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
The third edge accommodating cavity 1532 may be an arc hole, an annular hole, a semi-annular hole, etc., so that the heat absorbing material is uniformly distributed in the third group of accommodating cavities 153 as a whole, so as to improve the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material. In addition, the third edge accommodating cavity 1532 may be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, an arc hole, a polygonal hole, a spherical polygonal hole, a fan hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
For example, with continued reference to fig. 16, the third edge accommodating cavity 1532 has a plurality of layers, and in particular, the third edge accommodating cavity 1532 has a plurality of layers. Each layer of third edge accommodating cavities 1532 includes third and fourth arc accommodating cavities 1532A and 1532B arranged along a circumferential direction of the third central accommodating cavity 1531. The third and fourth arc-shaped receiving cavities 1532A and 1532B are symmetrically disposed.
In this way, since the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532A and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532B are arc-shaped and the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532A and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532B are symmetrically disposed, after the heat absorbing material is accommodated in the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532A and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532B, the heat absorbing material in the third group accommodating cavity 153 is relatively uniform as a whole, and the heat at the positions of the battery module 10A corresponding to the third group accommodating cavity 153 can be uniformly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532A and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532B in the process of diffusing to the periphery, thereby improving the heat absorbing effect.
Among them, the third and fourth arc-shaped receiving chambers 1532A and 1532B may be arranged along the length direction of the protection plate body 1A. In this way, one of the third arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532A and the fourth arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1532B may be closer to the first group of central accommodating cavities 15, so that the heat absorbing material in the third group of accommodating cavities 153 may be more close to the first group of central accommodating cavities 15, and further, the heat diffused from the first group of central accommodating cavities 15 to the periphery may be more rapidly absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the third group of accommodating cavities 153, so as to improve the heat absorbing efficiency.
The third and fourth arc-shaped receiving chambers 1532A and 1532B may also be arranged in the width direction of the protection plate body 1A. In this way, the heat of the battery module 10A at the position corresponding to the third group accommodation chamber 153 can be absorbed and diffused more quickly in the width direction of the protection plate body 1A, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 16, the fourth set of accommodating cavities 154 includes at least one first accommodating cavity 1541, and the at least one first accommodating cavity 1541 is arranged at intervals along the width direction of the protective plate body 1A. That is, the number of the first accommodating chambers 1541 may be one, in which case the first accommodating chambers 1541 are located at one side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151 in the width direction of the protective plate body 1A. The number of the first accommodating chambers 1541 may be plural, and the plurality of first accommodating chambers 1541 are located at one side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151 in the width direction of the support plate 1 and are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the protection plate body 1A.
For example, the first accommodating chamber 1541 may have a long strip shape, and a length direction of the first accommodating chamber 1541 is consistent with a length square of the protection plate body 1A. The first accommodating cavity 1541 may be an elliptical hole, a rectangular hole, a trapezoid hole, an arc hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
The fifth group of accommodating chambers 155 includes at least one second accommodating chamber 1551, and the at least one second accommodating chamber 1551 is arranged at intervals along the width direction of the protection plate body 1A. That is, the number of the second accommodating chambers 1551 may be one, where the second accommodating chambers 1551 are located at a side of the first group of accommodating chambers 151 opposite to the first accommodating chambers 1541. The number of the second accommodating cavities 1551 may be plural, and at this time, the second accommodating cavities 1551 are all located at one side of the first group of accommodating cavities 151 opposite to the first accommodating cavity 1541 and are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the protection board body 1A.
Illustratively, the second accommodating cavity 1551 may have a strip shape, and a length direction of the second accommodating cavity 1551 is consistent with a length square of the protection plate body 1A. The second accommodating cavity 1551 may be an elliptical hole, a rectangular hole, a trapezoid hole, an arc hole, an irregularly shaped hole, or the like.
By providing at least one more first accommodating chamber 1541 in the fourth group of accommodating chambers 154 and at least one more second accommodating chamber 1551 in the fifth group of accommodating chambers 155, the heat diffused from the first group of accommodating chambers 151 along the width direction of the protection plate body 1A can be gradually absorbed by the heat absorbing material in the first accommodating chamber 1541 and the heat absorbing material in the second accommodating chamber 1551, so as to improve the heat dissipation effect.
In addition, through the above-mentioned setting of holding chamber 15, can make the heat absorption material in the different holding chambers 15 mutually noninterfere to can set up different heat absorption materials in the different holding chambers 15 according to the heat distribution of battery module 10A different positions, in order to absorb the heat of battery module 10A different positions according to the heat absorption performance of different heat absorption materials, and then can improve the heat absorption efficiency to battery module 10A.
Wherein, in some embodiments, the heat absorbing material may be at least one of a phase change material and a chemical heat storage material. That is, a single heat absorbing material or a mixture of multiple heat absorbing materials may be accommodated in one accommodating chamber 15.
The phase change material may be at least one of a hydrated salt phase change material, an organic phase change material, a molten salt phase change material, a metal phase change material, and an alloy phase change material, for example. Wherein the hydrated salt phase change material may be at least one of LiClO3·3H2O、NH4Cl·Na2SO4·10H2O、K2HPO4·6H2O、NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O、KF·4H2O、K2HPO4·4H2O、FeBr3·6H2O、Mn(NO3)2·6H2O、LiBO2·8H2O、CaCl2·6H2O、CaCl2·12H2O、LiNO3·3H2O、LiNO3·2H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O、KFe(SO4)2·12H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、LiBr·2H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、Mn(NO3)2·4H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、CaCl2·4H2O、CuSO4·7H2O、KF·2H2O、MgI2·8H2O、CaI2·6H2O、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、K3PO4·7H2O、K2HPO4·7H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Mg(NO3)2·4H2O、Na2SiO3·5H2O、Na2SiO3·4H2O、Na2HPO4·7H2O、Na2S2O3·5H2O、K2HPO4·3H2O、MgSO4·7H2O、Ca(NO3)2·3H2O、Na(NO3)2·6H2O、Zn(NO3)2·2H2O、FeCl3·2H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、MnCl2·4H2O、CH3COONa·3H2O、LiC2H3O2·2H2O、MgCl2·4H2O、NaOH·H2O、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O、Cd(NO3)2·H2O、Fe(NO3)2·6H2O、NaAl(SO4)2·12H2O、NaAl(SO4)2·10H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、Na3PO4·12H2O、LiCH3COO·2H2O、Na2P2O7·10H2O、Al(NO3)2·9H2O、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Al2(SO4)3·18H2O、Sr(OH)2·8H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O、(NH4)Al(SO4)·6H2O、LiCl·H2O、MgCl2·6H2O.
The organic phase change material may be at least one of glycolic acid, p-bromophenol, azobenzene, acrylic acid, 2, 4-dinitrotoluene, phenylacetic acid, allylthiourea, D-3 camphor pellets, benzylamine, tetramethylbenzene, acetamide, methyl p-bromobenzoate, 1-naphthol, glutaric acid, dichloro-p-xylene, methyl fumarate, phthalic diphenol, quinone, acetanilide, erythritol, succinic anhydride, benzoic acid, stilbenes, benzamide, phenacetin, p-amine toluene, benzaldehyde phenylhydrazone, salicylic acid, benzanilide, D-mannitol, hydroquinone, and p-aminobenzoic acid.
The molten salt phase change material can be at least one of LiNO3/KCl、LiNO3/NaNO3、KNO3/NaNO3、LiNO3/NaCl、NaNO3/KNO3、LiNO3/ diatomite, naNO 3/CuO、NaNO3/EP、KNO3/diatomite 、Li2CO3/Na2CO3/K2CO3、NaCl/CaCl2/MgCl2、MgCl2/NaCl、MgCl2/KCl、Li2CO3/K2CO3、LiCO3/K2CO3、Na2CO3/Li2CO3、Li2CO3/K2CO3、NaCl/Na2CO3、Na2CO3/NaCl、Na2SO4/ diatomite and Na 2SO4/SiC ceramic foam.
The chemical heat storage material may be at least one of Ni(OH)2、Mg(OH)2、MgH2、Co3O4、PbCO3、NH4HSO4、Ca(OH)2、Sr(OH)2、CaCO3、BaO2、Ba(OH)2.
In the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack 300, the probability of danger is further reduced in order to allow heat to be more rapidly spread out. In some embodiments, referring to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a schematic top view of the support plate 1 shown in fig. 8. At least some of the plurality of receiving chambers 15 communicate to form an exhaust runner 156. The exhaust flow path 156 penetrates to the edge of the protection plate body 1A, specifically, the exhaust flow path 156 penetrates to the edge of the support plate 1. The heat absorbing material (not shown) includes a decomposition material (not shown) that is accommodated in the exhaust flow passage 156, and the decomposition material is heated to decompose the non-combustible gas. Illustratively, the decomposing material may be urea structural compounds, carbonates, sulfates, organic compounds, and the like. For example, the decomposition material may be zinc carbonate (ZnCO 3) which is capable of decomposing into zinc oxide (MgO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) at a temperature of 300 ℃. The decomposing material may also be magnesium carbonate, which is capable of decomposing into magnesium oxide (MgO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) at a temperature of 500 ℃.
Through the at least partial intercommunication in a plurality of accommodation chambers 15 to form exhaust runner 156, and set up the decomposition material in exhaust runner 156, when battery package 300 appears thermal runaway, the decomposition material in exhaust runner 156 can absorb partial heat, and the decomposition material can decompose out the incombustible gas under high temperature, incombustible gas is also higher at high temperature pressure, can be quick discharge protection structure 20 outside through exhaust runner 156, the heat can be taken away fast to the flow of incombustible gas, thereby improves the cooling efficiency to battery package 300, with the probability of further reducing danger.
In order to enable the non-combustible gas decomposed by heating the decomposed material to remove more heat, please continue to refer to fig. 17, in some embodiments, a portion of the first arc-shaped accommodating cavity 1522A is a first communication hole 1522C. Illustratively, a first arcuate receiving cavity 1522A of the outermost second edge receiving cavity 1522 is a first communication hole 1522C. A portion of the second arc-shaped housing chamber 1522B is a second communication hole 1522D. Illustratively, the second arcuate receiving cavity 1522B of the outermost second edge receiving cavity 1522 is a second communication hole 1522D. Part of the third arc-shaped receiving cavity 1532A is a third communication hole 1532C. Illustratively, a third arcuate receiving cavity 1532A of the outermost third edge receiving cavities 1532 is a third communication hole 1532C. A portion of the fourth arc-shaped receiving cavity 1532B is a fourth communication hole 1532D. Illustratively, the fourth arcuate receiving cavity 1532B of the outermost third edge receiving cavity 1532 is a fourth communication hole 1532D.
The first communication hole 1522C communicates with the third communication hole 1532C through a part of the first accommodation chamber 1541. That is, the first communication hole 1522C may communicate with the third communication hole 1532C through one first receiving chamber 1541, and the first communication hole 1522C may also communicate with the third communication hole 1532C through a plurality of first receiving chambers 1541 connected in parallel. The second communication hole 1522D communicates with the fourth communication hole 1532D through a portion of the second receiving chamber 1551. That is, the second communication hole 1522D may communicate with the fourth communication hole 1532D through one second receiving chamber 1551, and the second communication hole 1522D may also communicate with the fourth communication hole 1532D through a plurality of second receiving chambers 1551 connected in parallel.
The protection plate body 1A is further provided with a first vent hole 16 and a second vent hole 17, the first vent hole 16 communicates with the first communication hole 1522C and penetrates to the edge of the protection plate body 1A, and the second vent hole 17 communicates with the second communication hole 1522D and penetrates to the edge of the protection plate body 1A. Specifically, the first exhaust hole 16 may penetrate to one side surface of the support plate 1 in the longitudinal direction, or may penetrate to one side surface of the support plate 1 in the width direction. The second exhaust hole 17 may penetrate to one side surface of the support plate 1 in the longitudinal direction or may penetrate to one side surface of the support plate 1 in the width direction.
Thus, the third communication hole 1532C, the first accommodation chamber 1541 communicating with the first communication hole 1522C and the third communication hole 1532C, the first communication hole 1522C, and the first exhaust hole 16 form one exhaust flow passage 156. The fourth communication hole 1532D, the first accommodation chamber 1541 communicating with the second communication hole 1522D and the fourth communication hole 1532D, the second communication hole 1522D, and the second exhaust hole 17 form another exhaust flow passage 156. When the battery pack 300 is out of control, the non-combustible gas generated by heating the decomposition materials in the two exhaust runners 156 can take away part of the heat of the first group of accommodating cavities 151, the second group of accommodating cavities 152, the third group of accommodating cavities 153, the fourth group of accommodating cavities 154 and the fifth group of accommodating cavities 155 in the flowing process, so that more heat can be taken away, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the protection structure 20 is improved.
In some examples, there is a receiving chamber 15 in which the exhaust flow passage 156 is not formed in the receiving chamber 15 on the protection plate body 1A, and a second heat absorbing material may be disposed in the portion of the receiving chamber 15. The second heat absorbing material can absorb heat and does not decompose gas after being heated. For example, the second heat sink material may be a phase change material. At this time, the non-combustible gas decomposed by heating the decomposition material can also take away part of the heat in the accommodating cavity 15 where the second heat absorbing material is disposed during the flowing process of the exhaust runner 156.
In some examples, with continued reference to fig. 17, the third communication hole 1532C includes a first hole segment 1532E and a second hole segment 1532F aligned in a circumferential direction of the third central receiving cavity 1531. The first hole section 1532E communicates with the first communication hole 1522C through one first accommodation chamber 1541, and the second hole section 1532F communicates with the first communication hole 1522C through the other first accommodation chamber 1541. The fourth communication hole 1532D includes third hole segments 1532M and fourth hole segments 1532N arranged in a circumferential direction of the third central accommodating chamber 1531. The third hole section 1532M communicates with the second communication hole 1522D through one second accommodation chamber 1551, and the fourth hole section 1532N communicates with the second communication hole 1522D through the other second accommodation chamber 1551.
In this way, along the width direction of the protection plate body 1A, a plurality of exhaust runners 156 can be formed on two sides of the first group of accommodating cavities 151, the decomposed material is heated to generate non-combustible gas to flow in the plurality of exhaust runners 156, heat of the first group of accommodating cavities 151, the second group of accommodating cavities 152 and the third group of accommodating cavities 153 can be taken away rapidly in the flowing process, and meanwhile, the heat exchange plane is disturbed to strengthen the plane heat exchange amount, so that the heat of the central position of the battery module 10A can be further reduced rapidly, and the probability of danger is reduced.
In some embodiments, in order to make the heat absorbing material more reasonable, the heat generated when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control is absorbed. Referring to fig. 18, fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distribution relationship among the first heated area S1, the second heated area S2, and the third heated area S3 in the support plate 1. The protection plate body 1A includes a first heated region S1, a second heated region S2, and a third heated region S3, and specifically, the support plate 1 includes the first heated region S1, the second heated region S2, and the third heated region S3. The temperature of the heat source corresponding to the first heated region S1 is greater than the temperature of the heat source corresponding to the second heated region S2, the temperature of the heat source corresponding to the second heated region S2 is greater than the temperature of the heat source corresponding to the third heated region S3, and specifically, the first heated region S1 is used for corresponding to the central position of the battery pack.
The second heat receiving region S2 is disposed along the circumferential direction of the first heat receiving region S1, and the third heat receiving region S3 is disposed along the circumferential direction of the second heat receiving region S2. That is, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery module 10A of the battery pack 300, heat is most concentrated at the first heated region S1 and the temperature is highest. The amount of heat accumulated at the second heated region S2 is now less for the first heated region S1 and the temperature is lower. The third heated area S3 is close to the edge of the support plate 1, so that heat dissipation is faster, the heat accumulation of the third heated area S3 is minimum and the temperature is lowest relative to the first heated area S1 and the second heated area S2.
In this way, heat absorbing materials with different heat absorbing properties are disposed in the accommodating cavity 15 of the first heat receiving area S1, the accommodating cavity 15 of the second heat receiving area S2, and the accommodating cavity 15 of the third post heat receiving area, so as to balance the cooling requirements of the first heat receiving area S1, the second heat receiving area S2, and the third heat receiving area S3.
Specifically, in some examples, the absolute value of the enthalpy of the heat absorbing material located in the first heated region S1 is greater than the absolute value of the enthalpy of the heat absorbing material located in the second heated region S2, and the absolute value of the enthalpy of the heat absorbing material located in the second heated region S2 is greater than the absolute value of the enthalpy of the heat absorbing material located in the third heated region S3. For example, the heat sink material of the first heated zone may be magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2), wherein the absolute value of the enthalpy of the magnesium hydroxide is 924.4kJ/mol. The heat absorbing material of the second heated region S2 may be potassium permanganate (KMnO 4), wherein the absolute value of the enthalpy of the potassium permanganate is 813.4kJ/mol. The heat absorbing material of the third heated region S3 may be sodium hydroxide, wherein the absolute value of the enthalpy of the sodium hydroxide is 44.51kJ/mol.
In this way, the heat absorbing material located in the first heat receiving region S1 has a good heat absorbing performance, and can absorb heat at the center of the battery module 10A. The heat absorbing performance of the heat absorbing material located in the second heat receiving region S2 is slightly worse than that of the heat absorbing material located in the first heat receiving region S1, and only the heat at the positions corresponding to the second heat receiving region S2 of the battery module 10A needs to be absorbed. The heat absorbing performance of the heat absorbing material located in the third heat receiving region S3 is worst with respect to the heat absorbing material of the first heat receiving region S1 and the heat absorbing material of the second heat receiving region S2, and it is only necessary to satisfy the requirement of absorbing heat at the positions of the battery module 10A corresponding to the third heat receiving region S3. In this way, the heat absorbing materials with different absolute values of enthalpy values can be reasonably arranged at different positions of the support plate 1 according to the heat absorbing requirements of different positions of the battery module 10A, so as to improve the heat absorbing performance of the protection structure 20.
Enthalpy is an important state parameter in thermodynamics that characterizes the energy of a material system. For a heat absorbing material, the magnitude of the absolute value of the enthalpy reflects the heat absorbing properties of the heat absorbing material. The larger the absolute value of the enthalpy value, the better the heat absorbing performance.
In some examples, the content of the heat sink material in the first heated region S1 is greater than the content of the heat sink material in the second heated region S2, and the content of the heat sink material in the second heated region S2 is greater than the content of the heat sink material in the third heated region S3. The content of the heat absorbing material can be measured by indexes such as mass, volume, thickness and the like.
Through the above arrangement, the heat in the central position of the battery module 10A can be absorbed more by the heat absorbing material of the first heat receiving region S1, and the heat absorbing materials of the second heat receiving region S2 and the third heat receiving region S3 can also meet the heat absorbing requirements in the corresponding positions. And also avoid the redundancy of the heat absorbing materials of the second heat receiving area S2 and the third heat receiving area S3, resulting in waste of the materials.
In some examples, the thickness of the heat absorbing material may be the same or different at different positions on the protective plate body 1A in the thickness direction of the protective plate body 1A. Illustratively, the thickness of the heat absorbing material is greater than or equal to 0.02mm and less than or equal to 1.6mm in the thickness direction of the protective plate body 1A. For example, the thickness of the heat sink material may be 0.02mm, 0.05mm, 0.08mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, etc. The thickness of the heat absorbing material is set in the range, so that the heat absorbing effect of the heat absorbing material can be ensured, and waste caused by excessive heat absorbing material can be avoided.
In some embodiments, in order to divide the first heated region S1, the second heated region S2 and the third heated region S3 more accurately, the heat absorbing effect of the protection structure 20 is improved. The length of the protective plate body 1A is b, and the width of the protective plate body 1A is a. The protective plate body 1A is elongated, and the shape of the protective plate body 1A may be rectangular, trapezoidal, parallelogram, elliptical, irregular, or the like. At this time, the maximum size of the protective plate body 1A in the longitudinal direction of the protective plate body 1A is the length of the protective plate body 1A, and the maximum size of the protective plate body 1A in the width direction of the protective plate body 1A is the width of the protective plate body 1A.
With continued reference to fig. 18, when 0<b/a <4, for example, b/a is 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 3.9, etc., the geometric center of the protection plate body 1A is taken as the center,The area formed by the circle with the radius is a first heated area S1, the area formed by the ellipse with the geometric center of the protection plate body 1A as the center and 0.36a as the minor semi-axis and (3*b/a-1)/6*a as the major semi-axis is a first elliptical area, the remaining part of the first heated area S1 in the first elliptical area is a second heated area S2 after the part of the first heated area S1 is removed, and the remaining part of the protection plate body 1A is a third heated area S3 after the first heated area S1 and the second heated area S2 are removed.
Referring to fig. 19, fig. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distribution relationship among the first heated area S1, the second heated area S2, and the third heated area S3 in the support plate 1. When b/a is 4.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.60, for example, b/a is 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, etc., a region formed by an ellipse having a 0.5a minor axis and a 0.18b major axis is a first heated region S1, a region formed by an ellipse having a 0.75a major axis is a minor axis, a region formed by an ellipse having a 0.26b major axis is a second elliptical region, a partial region of the second elliptical region remaining after a partial first heated region S1 located in the second elliptical region is removed is a second heated region S2, and a partial region of the protective plate 1A remaining after the first heated region S1 and the second heated region S2 are removed is a third heated region S3.
The first heated region S1, the second heated region S2, and the third heated region S3 determined in the above manner can relatively accurately correspond to a position (named first position) where the temperature concentration is high when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control, the second heated region S2 corresponds to a position (named second position) where the temperature concentration is low when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control relative to the first position, and the third heated region S3 corresponds to a region where the temperature concentration is low when the battery module 10A is thermally out of control relative to the first position and the second position, so that the protection structure 20 can absorb heat better.
In addition, referring to fig. 20, fig. 20 is a temperature-time relationship diagram of a protection structure in the related art and the protection structure 20 of the present application under the same condition. Wherein the protective structure 20 in the related art has the same thickness as the protective structure 20 of the present application, the mass of the heat absorbing material is the same, and both are placed in an adiabatic environment, one side of the protective structure 20 in the thickness direction thereof is heated for the same time with the same temperature, and the temperature change condition of the opposite side is detected.
As can be seen from fig. 20, the temperature rise rate of the protective structure 20 of the present application is significantly lower than that of the protective structure 20 summarized in the related art as the heating time is changed, and the temperature of the protective structure 20 of the present application is also significantly lower than that of the protective structure 20 in the related art at the same temperature. It can be seen that the protection structure 20 of the present application has a high heat insulation effect, and can better protect the battery module 10A.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the invention should be covered. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (27)
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014125878A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | 株式会社カネカ | Constant temperature storage/transport container, and transport method |
| CN114006105A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-01 | Sk新技术株式会社 | Battery pack including heat absorbing fire wall |
| CN118231836A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-06-21 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Heat absorber, battery pack and electric equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5307841B2 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2013-10-02 | 大建工業株式会社 | Latent heat storage body and latent heat storage floor material |
| CN105910482B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-05-04 | 东北大学 | A kind of storage heater based on phase change heat storage material |
| CN115004455A (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-09-02 | Sk新能源株式会社 | Battery module |
| CN220010692U (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-11-14 | 深圳市华宝新能源股份有限公司 | Packaging structure for energy storage power supply |
| CN221379527U (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-07-19 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery module and battery pack |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014125878A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | 株式会社カネカ | Constant temperature storage/transport container, and transport method |
| CN114006105A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2022-02-01 | Sk新技术株式会社 | Battery pack including heat absorbing fire wall |
| CN118231836A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-06-21 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Heat absorber, battery pack and electric equipment |
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