CN118655005A - A mold shell strength testing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of stress detection technology, and specifically to a mold shell strength detection device, which is used to detect a mold shell sample with large ends and a small middle part, and a transition between the two ends and the middle part through a conical surface, and includes a frame, a sealing cylinder and two clamping mechanisms; each clamping mechanism and one end of the mold shell sample define a sealed first chamber; the sealing cylinder is sleeved outside the mold shell sample, and defines a sealed second chamber between the mold shell sample and the two clamping mechanisms. High-pressure gas is introduced into the second chamber to form a positive pressure, and the clamping mechanism forms a negative pressure in the first chamber. The high-pressure gas in the second chamber has a tendency to move its two ends away from each other through the conical surface on the mold shell sample, and the first chamber is negative pressure, which has a suction force in opposite directions on the two ends of the mold shell sample, providing a pulling force in opposite directions for the mold shell sample, and the two ends of the mold shell sample only need to remain sealed, without a large clamping force, which can reduce the measurement error caused by the deformation of the ends of the mold shell sample due to clamping.

Description

A mold shell strength testing device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of stress detection, and in particular to a mold shell strength detection device.

Background Art

The mold shell used in casting processing is mainly composed of mullite sand and silica sol. It needs to have a high strength at room temperature to withstand the pressure changes during the casting process and maintain the stability and integrity of the structure. The shape of the mold shell can be adjusted arbitrarily according to the shape of the casting. In order to ensure its use effect, its strength needs to be tested after processing. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, the mold shell can be processed into a uniform sample shape for testing. The test of the mold shell usually includes tension test and pressure test. Among them, when testing the tensile strength of the mold shell sample, it is often necessary to apply tension in opposite directions at both ends of the sample. The tensile value recorded when the sample is pulled to break is the maximum tensile value that the sample can withstand.

In the prior art, when conducting tensile strength testing, both ends of the sample are often fixed by clamping, and then an axial load is applied to the sample. This method may cause the sample to be over-clamped, resulting in changes in mechanical properties, thereby affecting the test results.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a mold shell strength detection device to solve the problem in the prior art that excessive clamping of a sample affects the measurement result when measuring tensile strength.

A mold shell strength detection device of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

A mold shell strength testing device is used to test a mold shell specimen with large ends and a small middle part, and a transition between the two ends and the middle part through a conical surface, comprising a frame, a clamping mechanism and a sealing cylinder; there are two clamping mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged on the frame, respectively clamping the upper and lower ends of the mold shell specimen, and can approach and move away from each other in the vertical direction; the clamping mechanism comprises a driving assembly, a clamping assembly and a sealing ring; the driving assembly comprises a piston cylinder and a piston column, and the piston cylinder can move up and down relative to the frame; the piston column is sealed and slidably installed in the piston cylinder; the clamping assembly is arranged on the side of the piston column close to the mold shell specimen, and comprises an adapter plate and a clamping sleeve, and the adapter plate is fixed The piston column is fixed, and the clamping sleeve is sleeved outside the mold shell sample and is located on the side of the adapter plate away from the piston column, and is connected to the adapter plate through an elastic member; the sealing ring is located between the clamping sleeve and the mold shell sample, so that the clamping sleeve and the mold shell sample are sealed; a sealed first chamber is surrounded by the clamping sleeve, the adapter plate and the end of the mold shell sample; the sealing cylinder is sleeved outside the mold shell sample, and the upper and lower ends are respectively sealed with the piston cylinders of the two clamping mechanisms, and a sealed second chamber is defined between the sealing cylinder, the mold shell sample and the clamping sleeves and piston column of the two clamping mechanisms, and the conical surface on the mold shell sample is in the second chamber; an air inlet connected to the second chamber is opened on the sealing cylinder.

Optionally, a booster ring is provided in the piston cylinder, and the booster ring is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder by connecting rods distributed at intervals, and the inner ring of the booster ring is an inclined surface which gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder from top to bottom; a plurality of adjustment blocks are provided outside the sealing ring, and the plurality of adjustment blocks are distributed at intervals around the sealing ring in the circumferential direction; a plurality of slots are provided on the peripheral wall of the clamping sleeve, and each adjustment block passes through a slot and abuts against the inclined surface of the inner ring of the booster ring, so that when the piston column drives the clamping sleeve to move away from the mold shell sample relative to the piston cylinder, the sealing ring and the mold shell sample are further fitted under the action of the inclined surface of the booster ring.

Optionally, the outer circumferential surface of the clamping sleeve is surrounded by a plurality of baffles, and a flexible sealing material is filled between two adjacent baffles; a sealing ring is arranged on the inner ring of the clamping sleeve; a boosting ring is arranged in the piston cylinder, and the boosting ring is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder by connecting rods distributed at intervals, and the inner ring of the boosting ring is an inclined surface which gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder from top to bottom; each baffle is provided with a protrusion for abutting against the inclined surface, so that when the piston column drives the clamping sleeve to move relative to the piston cylinder in a direction away from the mold shell sample, the plurality of baffles are retracted inward to squeeze the sealing ring and further fit the mold shell sample.

Optionally, the clamping sleeve is conical, and the end close to the adapter plate is the large end, and the end away from the adapter plate is the small end.

Optionally, the clamping mechanism also includes a sensing component, which includes a pressure sensor, a spring and a top block. The pressure sensor is installed on the piston column, and the top block is vertically slidably installed on the piston column and passes through the adapter plate to abut against the mold shell sample. The spring is arranged between the pressure sensor and the top block; the top block transmits the top pressure of the mold shell sample to the pressure sensor through the spring.

Optionally, a sealing ring is provided between the piston column and the inner wall of the piston cylinder.

Optionally, the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located below is fixed to the frame, and the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located above can move up and down relative to the frame; the mold shell strength testing equipment also includes a driving mechanism, which is used to drive the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located above to move up and down.

Optionally, the driving mechanism includes a screw and a nut, the screw is vertically and rotatably mounted on the frame, the nut is slidably mounted on the frame and cooperates with the screw thread; the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located above is fixedly connected to the nut.

Optionally, the driving assembly further comprises a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the piston barrel, and an output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the piston column.

Optionally, the sealing cylinder is fixed on the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located at the bottom, and an annular groove for matching with the piston cylinder is provided on the lower side of the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located at the top.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the mold shell strength detection device of the present invention is used, high-pressure gas is introduced into the second chamber to form a positive pressure in the second chamber, and then the piston column drives the adapter plate to move in a direction away from the mold shell sample. Since the clamping sleeve and the adapter plate are connected by an elastic member, the volume of the first chamber will increase when the piston column drives the adapter plate to move. Since the first chamber is sealed, the first chamber will form a negative pressure due to the increase in volume. The conical surface on the mold shell sample has a tendency to move its two ends away from each other under the action of the high-pressure gas in the second chamber, and the first chamber defined by the two clamping mechanisms and the end of the mold shell sample is a negative pressure, which has the effect of sucking in opposite directions on the two ends of the mold shell sample, providing the mold shell sample with pulling forces in opposite directions. By increasing the positive and negative pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, the pulling forces on the two ends of the mold shell sample can be adjusted. The two ends of the mold shell sample only need to be sealed with the sealing ring, and no large clamping force is required, which can reduce the measurement error caused by the deformation of the ends of the mold shell sample due to clamping.

Furthermore, in the process that the two clamping sleeves move away from each other with the piston column or under the action of the high-pressure gas in the second chamber, due to the cooperation between the adjusting block on the sealing ring or the protrusion on the clamping sleeve and the inclined surface of the inner ring of the boosting ring, the clamping sleeve will further push the sealing ring to fit the mold shell sample, increase the top pressure of the clamping sleeve on the mold shell sample, and ensure the sealing effect of the first chamber, thereby ensuring the normal progress of the measurement process.

Furthermore, by setting up a pressure sensor to detect the deformation of the mold shell sample, when the sealing ring and the mold shell sample slip, the pressure value measured by at least one pressure sensor will change significantly. At this time, the amount of high-pressure gas introduced can be increased to prompt the two clamping sleeves to move further away from each other, and the sealing ring will be pressed tightly against the mold shell sample, thereby reducing the measurement error caused by slippage.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a mold shell strength detection device of the present invention;

FIG2 is a side view of FIG1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2;

FIG4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point B in FIG3 ;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing ring in an embodiment of a mold shell strength detection device of the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping sleeve in an embodiment of a mold shell strength testing device of the present invention;

FIG7 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a piston cylinder and a pressure boosting ring in an embodiment of a mold shell strength testing device of the present invention;

FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping sleeve in another embodiment of a mold shell strength testing device of the present invention;

In the figure: 100, frame; 200, mold shell sample; 300, clamping mechanism; 310, driving assembly; 311, piston cylinder; 312, piston column; 313, booster ring; 314, sealing ring; 315, hydraulic cylinder; 316, ring groove; 320, clamping assembly; 321, adapter plate; 322, clamping sleeve; 323, elastic member; 324, slot; 330, sealing ring; 331, adjusting block; 340, sensing assembly; 341, pressure sensor; 342, spring; 343, top block; 400, sealing cylinder; 410, air inlet; 500, driving mechanism; 510, screw; 520, nut.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

An embodiment of a mold shell strength testing device of the present invention is used to test a mold shell sample 200 with large ends and a small middle part, and a conical transition between the two ends and the middle part, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, and includes a frame 100, a clamping mechanism 300 and a sealing cylinder 400.

There are two clamping mechanisms 300 symmetrically arranged on the frame 100 , respectively clamping the upper and lower ends of the mold shell sample 200 , and being able to move closer to and farther from each other in the vertical direction, so as to facilitate the installation and removal of the mold shell sample 200 .

The clamping mechanism 300 includes a driving assembly 310, a clamping assembly 320 and a sealing ring 330. The driving assembly 310 includes a piston cylinder 311 and a piston column 312. The piston cylinder 311 can move up and down relative to the frame 100; the piston column 312 is installed in the piston cylinder 311 in a sealed and sliding manner. The clamping assembly 320 is arranged on the side of the piston column 312 close to the mold shell sample 200, and includes an adapter plate 321 and a clamping sleeve 322. The adapter plate 321 is fixed to the piston column 312. The clamping sleeve 322 is sleeved outside the mold shell sample 200 and is located on the side of the adapter plate 321 away from the piston column 312, and is connected to the adapter plate 321 through an elastic member 323. The elastic member 323 is a tension spring or other flexible deformable material. The sealing ring 330 is located between the clamping sleeve 322 and the mold sample 200, so that the clamping sleeve 322 and the mold sample 200 are sealed; the clamping sleeve 322, the adapter plate 321 and one end of the mold sample 200 form a sealed first chamber. There are two clamping mechanisms 300, which can define a first chamber at each end of the mold sample 200.

The sealing cylinder 400 is sleeved on the outside of the mold sample 200, and the upper and lower ends are respectively sealed with the piston cylinders 311 of the two clamping mechanisms 300. A sealed second chamber is defined between the sealing cylinder 400, the mold sample 200 and the clamping sleeves 322 and the piston columns 312 of the two clamping mechanisms 300, and the conical surface on the mold sample 200 is in the second chamber; an air inlet 410 connected to the second chamber is opened on the sealing cylinder 400.

When in use, high-pressure gas is introduced into the second chamber to form a positive pressure in the second chamber, and then the piston column 312 drives the adapter plate 321 to move away from the mold sample 200. Since the clamping sleeve 322 and the adapter plate 321 are connected by the elastic member 323, the volume of the first chamber will increase when the piston column 312 drives the adapter plate 321 to move. Since the first chamber is sealed, the first chamber will form a negative pressure due to the increase in volume. The conical surface on the mold shell sample 200 tends to move its two ends away from each other under the action of the high-pressure gas in the second chamber, and the first chamber defined by the two clamping mechanisms 300 and the end of the mold shell sample 200 is at negative pressure, which has the effect of sucking the two ends of the mold shell sample 200 in opposite directions, providing the mold shell sample 200 with pulling forces in opposite directions. By increasing the positive and negative pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, the pulling forces on the two ends of the mold shell sample 200 can be adjusted. The two ends of the mold shell sample 200 only need to be sealed with the sealing ring 330, and no large clamping force is required, which can reduce the measurement error caused by the deformation of the ends of the mold shell sample 200 due to clamping.

In this embodiment, a booster ring 313 is provided inside the piston cylinder 311, and the booster ring 313 is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder 311 through a connecting rod that is arranged at intervals, and the inner ring of the booster ring 313 is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder 311 from top to bottom. A plurality of adjustment blocks 331 are provided outside the sealing ring 330, and the plurality of adjustment blocks 331 are arranged at intervals around the sealing ring 330. A plurality of slots 324 are provided on the peripheral wall of the clamping sleeve 322, and each adjustment block 331 passes through a slot 324 and abuts against the inclined surface of the inner ring of the booster ring 313, so that when the piston column 312 drives the clamping sleeve 322 to move in a direction away from the mold sample 200 relative to the piston cylinder 311, the sealing ring 330 is further fitted with the mold sample 200 under the action of the inclined surface of the booster ring 313, so as to prevent the sealing ring 330 and the mold sample 200 from slipping.

In some other embodiments, the clamping sleeve 322 is shown in Figure 8, and the outer peripheral surface of the clamping sleeve 322 is surrounded by a plurality of baffles, and a flexible sealing material is filled between two adjacent baffles; the sealing ring 330 is arranged on the inner ring of the clamping sleeve 322; a boosting ring 313 is arranged in the piston cylinder 311, and the boosting ring 313 is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder 311 by connecting rods distributed at intervals, and the inner ring of the boosting ring 313 is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder 311 from top to bottom; each baffle is provided with a protrusion for abutting against the inclined surface, so that when the piston column 312 drives the clamping sleeve 322 to move relative to the piston cylinder 311 in a direction away from the mold shell sample 200, the plurality of baffles are retracted inward to squeeze the sealing ring 330 and the mold shell sample 200 to further fit, thereby preventing the sealing ring 330 and the mold shell sample 200 from slipping.

In this embodiment, the clamping sleeve 322 is conical, and the end close to the adapter plate 321 is the large end, and the end away from the adapter plate 321 is the small end, so that the clamping sleeve 322 has a component of force to move axially along the mold shell sample 200 under the positive and negative pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, which can make the adjustment block 331 or protrusion on the sealing ring 330 further fit the mold shell sample 200 under the action of the inclined surface of the boosting ring 313, thereby increasing the top pressure on the mold shell sample 200.

In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 300 further includes a sensing component 340, which includes a pressure sensor 341, a spring 342 and a top block 343. The pressure sensor 341 is installed on the piston column 312, and the top block 343 is vertically slidably installed on the piston column 312 and abuts against the mold sample 200 through the adapter plate 321. The spring 342 is arranged between the pressure sensor 341 and the top block 343; the top block 343 transmits the top pressure of the mold sample 200 to the pressure sensor 341 through the spring 342. The relative position of the mold sample 200 and the piston column 312 is determined by setting the pressure sensor 341. In the initial state, the pressure values sensed by the pressure sensors 341 of the two clamping mechanisms 300 can be used to determine whether the mold sample 200 is installed in place. When the mold sample 200 is subjected to tensile measurement, it can also be determined whether the mold sample 200 and the sealing ring 330 slip off according to the pressure values sensed by the pressure sensor 341.

In this embodiment, a sealing ring 314 is provided between the piston column 312 and the inner wall of the piston cylinder 311 to ensure the sealing effect of the first chamber.

In this embodiment, the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the bottom is fixed to the frame 100, and the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top can move up and down relative to the frame 100; the mold shell strength detection device also includes a driving mechanism 500, and the driving mechanism 500 is used to drive the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top to move up and down. Among them, the driving mechanism 500 includes a screw rod 510 and a nut 520, the screw rod 510 is vertically and rotatably installed on the frame 100, and the nut 520 can be slidably installed on the frame 100 up and down, and is threadedly matched with the screw rod 510; the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top is fixedly connected with the nut 520. By rotating the screw rod 510, the height of the nut 520 is adjusted, and then the height of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top is adjusted.

In this embodiment, the driving assembly 310 further includes a hydraulic cylinder 315 , the hydraulic cylinder 315 is fixedly connected to the piston cylinder 311 , and the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 315 is fixedly connected to the piston column 312 .

In this embodiment, the sealing cylinder 400 is fixed on the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the bottom, and the lower side of the piston cylinder 311 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top is provided with an annular groove 316 for matching with the piston cylinder 311.

When a mold shell strength testing device of the present invention is used, the distance between the upper clamping mechanism 300 and the sealing cylinder 400 is firstly made to be greater than the length of the mold shell sample 200, the lower end of the mold shell sample 200 is installed in the sealing ring 330 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the bottom, and the mold shell sample 200 pushes the top block 343 located at the bottom until the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 341 located at the bottom reaches P1. Then, the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top is moved downward, the sealing ring 330 of the clamping mechanism 300 located at the top is matched with the upper end of the mold shell sample 200, and the mold shell sample 200 pushes the top block 343 located at the top until the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 341 located at the top reaches P2, and the annular groove 316 of the piston cylinder 311 located at the top is sealed and matched with the upper end of the sealing cylinder 400. Among them, the values of P1 and P2 are equal, or differ by the gravity values of two mold shell samples 200. Afterwards, the hydraulic cylinders 315 of the two clamping mechanisms 300 drive the two piston columns 312 away from each other respectively, and the two piston columns 312 drive the two clamping sleeves 322 away from each other, so that the sealing ring 330 further fits with the mold sample 200 under the action of the inclined surface of the booster ring 313. In this process, the changes of P1 and P2 can be ignored. Since the piston column 312 moves away from the mold sample 200 and pulls the clamping sleeve 322 to move through the elastic member 323, the volume of the first chamber increases, forming a negative pressure. Afterwards, high-pressure gas is introduced into the second chamber from the air inlet 410, so that a pressure difference is generated between the first chamber and the second chamber. At the same time, the clamping sleeves 322 of the two clamping mechanisms 300 further press the mold sample 200 through the sealing ring 330 under the positive and negative pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber. By moving the piston rod 312 away from the mold sample 200, the volume of the first chamber continues to increase slowly, so that the negative pressure of the first chamber continues to increase, the tension on the mold sample 200 continues to increase, and the pressure values measured by the two pressure sensors 341 slowly decrease. When the sealing ring 330 and the mold sample 200 slip, the pressure value measured by at least one pressure sensor 341 will change significantly. At this time, part of the high-pressure gas can be introduced again to force the two clamping sleeves 322 to move further away from each other and tighten the sealing ring 330 against the mold sample 200. And because the volume of the end of the mold sample 200 in the first chamber will decrease when the mold sample 200 and the sealing ring 330 slip, the volume of the first chamber will increase, and then the negative pressure of the first chamber will further increase, which is more conducive to increasing the positive and negative pressure difference between the first chamber and the second chamber, and then increasing the tension at both ends of the mold sample 200. By installing a barometer for measuring air pressure in the first cavity and the second cavity, the air pressure difference between the first cavity and the second cavity when the mold shell sample 200 is broken can be obtained, and then the strength of the mold shell sample 200 can be converted.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A mold shell strength testing device, used for testing a mold shell sample with large ends and a small middle part, and a cone transition between the two ends and the middle part, characterized by: comprising a frame, a clamping mechanism and a sealing cylinder; There are two clamping mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged on the frame, respectively clamping the upper and lower ends of the mold shell sample, and can move closer to and away from each other in the vertical direction; The clamping mechanism includes a driving assembly, a clamping assembly and a sealing ring; the driving assembly includes a piston cylinder and a piston column, the piston cylinder can move up and down relative to the frame; the piston column is sealed and slidably installed in the piston cylinder; the clamping assembly is arranged on the side of the piston column close to the mold shell sample, and includes an adapter plate and a clamping sleeve, the adapter plate is fixed to the piston column, the clamping sleeve is sleeved outside the mold shell sample, and is located on the side of the adapter plate away from the piston column, and is connected to the adapter plate through an elastic member; the sealing ring is located between the clamping sleeve and the mold shell sample, so that the clamping sleeve and the mold shell sample are sealed; the clamping sleeve, the adapter plate and one end of the mold shell sample form a sealed first chamber; The sealing cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the mold shell sample, and the upper and lower ends are respectively sealed with the piston cylinders of the two clamping mechanisms. A sealed second chamber is defined between the sealing cylinder, the mold shell sample and the clamping sleeves and piston columns of the two clamping mechanisms, and the conical surface on the mold shell sample is in the second chamber; an air inlet connected to the second chamber is opened on the sealing cylinder. 2. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a boosting ring is arranged in the piston cylinder, the boosting ring is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder by spaced connecting rods, and the inner ring of the boosting ring is an inclined surface which gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder from top to bottom; a plurality of adjusting blocks are arranged outside the sealing ring, and the plurality of adjusting blocks are spaced around the sealing ring in the circumferential direction; a plurality of slots are opened on the peripheral wall of the clamping sleeve, each adjusting block passes through a slot and abuts against the inclined surface of the inner ring of the boosting ring, so that when the piston column drives the clamping sleeve to move relative to the piston cylinder in a direction away from the mold shell sample, the sealing ring and the mold shell sample are further fitted under the action of the inclined surface of the boosting ring. 3. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer circumferential surface of the clamping sleeve is surrounded by a plurality of baffles, and a flexible sealing material is filled between two adjacent baffles; a sealing ring is arranged on the inner ring of the clamping sleeve; a boosting ring is arranged in the piston cylinder, and the boosting ring is connected to the inner wall of the piston cylinder by connecting rods distributed at intervals, and the inner ring of the boosting ring is an inclined surface which gradually approaches the inner wall of the piston cylinder from top to bottom; each baffle is provided with a protrusion for abutting against the inclined surface, so that when the piston column drives the clamping sleeve to move relative to the piston cylinder away from the mold shell sample, the plurality of baffles are retracted inward to squeeze the sealing ring and further fit the mold shell sample. 4. A mold shell strength detection device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the clamping sleeve is conical, and the end close to the adapter plate is the large end, and the end away from the adapter plate is the small end. 5. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the clamping mechanism also includes a sensing component, the sensing component includes a pressure sensor, a spring and a top block, the pressure sensor is installed on the piston column, the top block is vertically slidably installed on the piston column, and passes through the adapter plate to abut against the mold shell sample, and the spring is arranged between the pressure sensor and the top block; the top block transmits the top pressure of the mold shell sample to the pressure sensor through the spring. 6. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing ring is provided between the piston column and the inner wall of the piston cylinder. 7. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located at the bottom is fixed to the frame, and the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located at the top can move up and down relative to the frame; the mold shell strength testing device also includes a driving mechanism, which is used to drive the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located at the top to move up and down. 8. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the driving mechanism includes a screw and a nut, the screw is vertically and rotatably installed on the frame, the nut can be slidably installed on the frame up and down, and cooperates with the screw thread; the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located above is fixedly connected to the nut. 9. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving component also includes a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the piston cylinder, and the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the piston column. 10. A mold shell strength testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the sealing cylinder is fixed on the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located below, and the lower side of the piston cylinder of the clamping mechanism located above is provided with an annular groove for cooperating with the piston cylinder.