CN118649627A - A segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor and system, comprising a shell, a heating pipeline and an ammonia decomposition pipeline, wherein the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline are both located inside the shell; the shell comprises a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part, wherein the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part are separated from each other and arranged in contact; a first heat exchange medium flows in the first heat exchange part, and a second heat exchange medium flows in the second heat exchange part; one end of the heating pipeline extends into the second heat exchange part and is connected with the ammonia decomposition pipeline, and the flow direction of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the heating pipeline; one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is connected with the heating pipeline, and the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange part is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the ammonia decomposition pipeline. The segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor has high integration, good heat exchange effect between media, high ammonia decomposition efficiency, and effectively improves the utilization rate of heat.

Description

A segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor and system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment, and in particular to a segmented step-by-step ammonia decomposition reactor and system.

Background Art

With the increasing attention paid to environmental protection and sustainable development around the world, reducing dependence on fossil energy and developing clean energy technologies have become hot topics for research in various countries. As a widely used power equipment, internal combustion engines generate a large amount of waste heat resources while providing power. If these waste heat resources can be effectively utilized, it can not only improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption, but also reduce environmental pollution, which is in line with the green development concept of energy conservation and emission reduction.

There are many ways to utilize the waste heat resources of internal combustion engines, but how to utilize these resources efficiently, safely and economically, especially to achieve the cascade utilization of waste heat during the operation of internal combustion engines, is still a challenging issue. Although traditional methods of recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines, such as heat exchangers and exhaust gas turbochargers, have achieved waste heat recovery to a certain extent, the recovery efficiency is low, and the utilization of high-temperature waste heat is particularly insufficient. Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology has gradually attracted attention as a clean and efficient way to prepare hydrogen. Through the action of catalysts, ammonia can be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen under high temperature conditions, of which hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source, while nitrogen can be recycled as a by-product. Combining ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology with the cascade utilization of waste heat from internal combustion engines can not only achieve efficient utilization of waste heat from internal combustion engines, but also provide a new way for the development and application of hydrogen energy.

However, the existing ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reactor has deficiencies in the utilization of waste heat from internal combustion engines. Based on the fact that the heat exchange of the current internal combustion engine exhaust and hot water waste heat utilization reactors uses a single heat source and the monomer reactor is relatively bulky, as another important use in the future new energy field, there is a need for improvement in the internal combustion engine waste heat utilization device in terms of integration, efficiency and lightness.

Summary of the invention

Aiming at the defects of the existing internal combustion engine exhaust and hot water waste heat utilization reactor, such as single heat source utilization in the heat exchange process and low decomposition efficiency, a segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor and system with compact size, high integration, high ammonia decomposition efficiency and sufficient heat exchange is provided.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor, comprising a shell, a heating pipeline and an ammonia decomposition pipeline, wherein the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline are both located inside the shell;

The shell includes a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part, which are separated from each other and arranged in contact with each other; a first heat exchange medium flows in the first heat exchange part, and a second heat exchange medium flows in the second heat exchange part, and the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are different from each other; the heating pipeline is a curved structure, the heating pipeline is located inside the first heat exchange part, one end of the heating pipeline extends into the second heat exchange part and is connected with the ammonia decomposition pipeline, and the other end of the heating pipeline extends out of the shell, and the flow direction of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the heating pipeline; the ammonia decomposition pipeline is a curved structure, the ammonia decomposition pipeline is located inside the second heat exchange part, one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is connected with the heating pipeline, and the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline extends out of the shell, and the flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange part is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the ammonia decomposition pipeline.

Furthermore, a partition plate is provided inside the shell, and the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part are separated by the partition plate; the first heat exchange part is provided with a first heat medium inlet and a first heat medium outlet, and the first heat medium inlet and the first heat medium outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the shell; the second heat exchange part is provided with a second heat medium inlet and a second heat medium outlet, and the second heat medium inlet and the second heat medium outlet are arranged on the same side of the shell.

Furthermore, the first heat exchange medium is high temperature liquid water or high temperature gas, and the second heat exchange medium is high temperature gas or high temperature liquid water.

Furthermore, the heating pipeline is composed of a first heating tube, a second heating tube and a third heating tube of equal length and all of which have a curved structure, which are connected in sequence. One end of the heating pipeline is a heating inlet, and the other end of the heating pipeline is a heating outlet. There is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the first heating tube with a curved structure, there is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the second heating tube with a curved structure, there is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the bent third heating tube, and the gaps between the first heating tube, the second heating tube and the third heating tube are aligned with each other; the heating inlet is arranged close to the first heat medium outlet, and the heating outlet is arranged close to the first heat medium inlet.

Furthermore, a first vertical partition, a second vertical partition, a third vertical partition, a fourth vertical partition and a fifth vertical partition are vertically arranged inside the shell, and the first vertical partition, the second vertical partition, the third vertical partition, the fourth vertical partition and the fifth vertical partition are sequentially arranged in the gaps between adjacent parts of the aligned first heating tube, the second heating tube and the third heating tube; a first horizontal partition and a second horizontal partition are horizontally arranged in the first heat exchange part, the first horizontal partition is arranged between the first heating tube and the second heating tube, and the second horizontal partition is arranged between the second heating tube and the third heating tube.

Furthermore, one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is an ammonia inlet, which is connected to the heating pipeline, and the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is a decomposition gas outlet, which is extended out of the shell; the ammonia decomposition pipeline is composed of a first decomposition pipeline and a second decomposition pipeline, both of which are curved structures and are connected to each other; there are gaps between the various parts of the first decomposition pipeline, and there are gaps between the various parts of the second decomposition pipeline, and the gaps between the various parts of the first decomposition pipeline and the gaps between the various parts of the second decomposition pipeline are arranged corresponding to each other.

Furthermore, a third horizontal baffle is arranged in the second heat exchange part, and the third horizontal baffle is arranged between the first decomposition pipeline and the second decomposition pipeline; the ammonia decomposition pipeline is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the heating pipeline and the cross-sectional area of the ammonia decomposition pipeline are proportional to the flow rate of the fluid flowing therein; the distances between the first vertical baffle, the second vertical baffle, the third vertical baffle, the fourth vertical baffle, the fifth vertical baffle and the third horizontal baffle are proportional to the pressure of the second heat exchange medium in the second heating part.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the heating pipeline is circular, and the cross-sectional shape of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is quadrilateral.

An ammonia decomposition reaction system comprising a staged ammonia decomposition reactor, further comprising

an ammonia supply device, the ammonia supply device is connected to the heating inlet of the heating pipeline, and the ammonia supply device is used to introduce liquid ammonia or ammonia gas into the heating pipeline;

a first heat exchange medium supply device, the first heat exchange medium supply device being in communication with the first heat medium inlet, and the first heat exchange medium supply device being used for introducing the first heat exchange medium into the first heat exchange part;

a second heat exchange medium supply device, the second heat exchange medium supply device being in communication with the second heat medium inlet, and the second heat exchange medium supply device being used for introducing the second heat exchange medium into the second heat exchange part;

A purification device, the purification device is connected to the decomposition gas outlet, and the purification device is used to further remove ammonia in the mixed gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet;

The application device is connected to the purification device, and the application device is used for applying the purified mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.

The segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor described in the present invention can further increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the heat exchange medium, and between the heat exchange medium and ammonia gas or liquid ammonia, by respectively introducing different heat exchange media into the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part which are separated and arranged, and respectively arranging a curved heating pipeline and an ammonia decomposition pipeline in the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part, thereby improving the heat exchange effect inside the reactor; and in the respective gaps between the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline, baffles are correspondingly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, which can increase the flow velocity and heat exchange area of different heat exchange media in the corresponding heat exchange part, and increase the heat transfer in the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas to the greatest extent, so that the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can be fully heated during the flow process, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the heat in the heat exchange medium, thereby making full use of the heat of, for example, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the hot water to heat and decompose the ammonia gas, and reducing the demand for the ammonia decomposition catalyst in the ammonia decomposition process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline of the segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor according to the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor according to the present invention from another angle;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor of the present invention from another angle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , a segmented step-type ammonia decomposition reactor according to the present invention comprises a shell 1, a heating pipeline 2 and an ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, wherein the heating pipeline 2 and the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 are both located inside the shell 1;

The shell 1 includes a first heat exchange part 11 and a second heat exchange part 12, the first heat exchange part 11 and the second heat exchange part 12 are separated from each other and arranged in contact with each other; a first heat exchange medium flows in the first heat exchange part 11, and a second heat exchange medium flows in the second heat exchange part 12, and the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are different from each other;

The heating pipeline 2 is a curved structure, and is located inside the first heat exchange part 11. One end of the heating pipeline 2 extends into the second heat exchange part 12 and is connected to the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, and the other end of the heating pipeline 2 extends out of the shell 1; the flow direction of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part 11 is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the heating pipeline 2;

The ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is a curved structure, and the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is located inside the second heat exchange portion 12. One end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is connected to the heating pipeline 2, and the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 extends out of the shell 1. The flow direction of the second heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange portion 12 is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3.

In FIGS. 1 and 2 , the shell 1 is a rectangular sealed structure, the first heat exchange part 11 and the second heat exchange part 12 are separated by a partition plate 13, the first heat exchange part 11 and the second heat exchange part 12 are not connected to each other, the cross-sectional shape of the first heat exchange part 11 and the cross-sectional shape of the second heat exchange part 12 are equal to each other, and the cross-sectional shapes of the first heat exchange part 11 and the second heat exchange part 12 correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the shell 1; wherein the partition plate 13 is arranged parallel to the bottom surface of the shell 1 on the Inside the shell 1, the partition plate 13 is fixedly connected to the two side walls of the shell 1, the partition plate 13 and the lower part of the shell 1 together constitute the first heat exchange part 11, and the partition plate 13 and the upper part of the shell 1 together constitute the second heat exchange part 12, and the first heat exchange part 11 and the second heat exchange part 12 are arranged adjacent to each other; specifically, the first heat exchange part 11 is provided with a first heat medium inlet 111 and a first heat medium outlet 112, and the first heat medium inlet 111 and the first heat medium outlet 112 are respectively arranged at the On two opposite sides of the shell 1, the first heat medium inlet 111 and the first heat medium outlet 112 are arranged opposite to each other; the first heat medium inlet 111 is used to introduce the first heat exchange medium into the first heat exchange part 11; similarly, the second heat exchange part 12 is provided with a second heat medium inlet 121 and a second heat medium outlet 122, and the second heat medium inlet 121 and the second heat medium outlet 122 are respectively arranged on the same side of the shell 1; the second heat medium inlet 121 is used to introduce the second heat exchange medium into the second heat exchange part 12, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the gas in the shell 1 and improve the heating diversity of the reactor, so that all waste heat media in the operation process of the internal combustion engine can be fully utilized, specifically, the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are different heat exchange media, the first heat exchange medium is high temperature liquid water or high temperature gas, and the second heat exchange medium is high temperature gas or high temperature liquid water, more specifically, the first heat exchange medium circulating in the first heat exchange part 11 is high temperature liquid water, and the second heat exchange medium circulating in the second heat exchange part 12 is high temperature gas.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in order to improve the heat exchange effect between the gas and the heat exchange medium, the heat is promoted to heat the fluid in the pipeline in the pipeline from multiple angles. Specifically, the heating pipeline 2 is a curved structure, and the heating pipeline 2 is bent and arranged in the first heat exchange part 11. One end of the heating pipeline 2 is a heating inlet 21, and the other end of the heating pipeline 2 is a heating outlet 22. The heating outlet 22 extends through the partition plate 13 into the second heat exchange part 12 and is connected to the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3; the heating inlet 21 extends through the side wall of the shell 1, and the heating outlet 22 is connected to the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3. The inlet 21 is used to introduce a heating fluid, such as liquid ammonia or ammonia gas, into the heating pipeline 2; the heating outlet 22 is located inside the first heat exchange portion 11; wherein, in order to achieve uniform heating of the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2 while improving the heating effect of the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas, so that the liquid ammonia and the ammonia gas can be fully heated, preferably, the heating pipeline 2 is extended from the heating inlet 21 to the direction close to the heating outlet 22; wherein, in order to extend the flow distance of the gas so that the gas can be fully heated during the heating process, specifically, the heating inlet 21 and the The heating outlet 22 is respectively arranged near two opposite sides of the shell 1, the heating inlet 21 is arranged near the first heat medium outlet 112, and the heating outlet 22 is arranged near the first heat medium inlet 111; the heating pipeline 2 is composed of a first heating pipe 231, a second heating pipe 232 and a third heating pipe 233 of equal length and curved structure connected in sequence, and the shape of the first heating pipe 231 is the same as that of the second heating pipe 232 and the third heating pipe 233; the first heating pipe 231, the second heating pipe 232 and the third heating pipe 233 are the same; The installation directions of the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 are parallel to each other, and the distances between the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 are equal to each other; so that the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can be fully and evenly heated in the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 when flowing through the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 in sequence, and the flow distance of the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas is extended to the maximum extent in the first heat exchange part 11, so that a sufficient amount of liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can be fully heated and reach the specified temperature.

In order to further improve the heating effect of the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2, so as to fully heat the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2 from multiple angles and ensure the uniform distribution of heat in the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas, as shown in Figures 2, 4 and 5, preferably, a first vertical partition 41, a second vertical partition 42, a third vertical partition 43, a fourth vertical partition 44 and a fifth vertical partition 45 are vertically arranged inside the shell 1; the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, the fourth vertical partition 44 and the fifth vertical partition 45 The fifth vertical partitions 45 are arranged inside the shell 1 at equal distances from each other and in parallel with each other; wherein there is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the first heating tube 231 of the curved structure, there is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the second heating tube 232 of the curved structure, and there is a gap between any two adjacent parts of the third heating tube 233 that is bent; the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 are aligned with each other, and the gaps between the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 are aligned with each other, and the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, the fourth vertical partition 44 and the fifth vertical partition 45 are sequentially arranged in the gaps between the adjacent parts of the first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233 that are aligned; the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, the fourth vertical partition 44 and the fifth vertical partition 45 are arranged through the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, the fourth vertical partition 44 and the fifth vertical partition 45 In a heat exchange part 11, by arranging the first vertical baffle 41, the second vertical baffle 42, the third vertical baffle 43, the fourth vertical baffle 44 and the fifth vertical baffle 45 in the first heat exchange part 11, when the first heat exchange medium flows into the first heat exchange part 11, the turbulence degree of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part 11 can be increased under the blocking effect of multiple vertical baffles, thereby improving the heat exchange coefficient between the heat exchange medium and the liquid in the heating pipeline 2, improving the heating effect, and promoting more efficient heating and vaporization of liquid ammonia or ammonia gas.

In order to further promote the turbulence of the heat exchange medium, improve the heat exchange degree between the heat exchange medium and the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2, and also enable the heat to be evenly distributed among the symmetrically arranged first heating tube 231, the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233, as shown in Figures 2, 4 and 5, preferably, the first heat exchange part 11 is horizontally provided with a first horizontal partition 51 and a second horizontal partition 52, the first horizontal partition 51 is arranged between the first heating tube 231 and the second heating tube 232, the second horizontal partition 52 is arranged between the second heating tube 232 and the third heating tube 233, the installation direction of the first horizontal partition 51 is parallel to the bottom surface of the shell 1, and the installation direction of the second horizontal partition 52 is parallel to the installation direction of the first horizontal partition 51; by horizontally arranging the first horizontal partition 51 and the second horizontal partition 52, after the first heat exchange medium enters the first heat exchange part 11, the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, the first vertical partition 44, the second vertical partition 45, the third vertical partition 46, the third vertical partition 47, the third vertical partition 48, the third vertical partition 49, the third vertical partition 51, the third vertical partition 49, the third vertical partition 50, the third vertical partition 51, the third vertical partition 52, the third vertical partition 52, the third vertical partition 53, the third vertical partition 54, the third vertical partition 55, the third vertical partition 56, the third vertical partition 57, the third vertical partition 58, the third vertical partition 59, the third vertical partition 51, the third vertical partition 52, the third vertical partition 51, the third vertical partition 52, the third vertical partition 53, the third vertical partition 54, the third vertical partition 55, the third Under the comprehensive blocking effect of the four vertical baffles 44 and the fifth vertical baffle 45, as well as the first horizontal baffle 51 and the second horizontal baffle 52, the first heat exchange medium can flow through each part of the heating pipeline 2 evenly and at multiple angles; the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2 is fully heated at multiple angles, so that the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can reach the temperature required for the subsequent ammonia decomposition; wherein, the flow direction of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part 11 is opposite to the flow direction of the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2, so that the heat exchange medium and the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas form a staggered flow, which is beneficial to increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas, and is beneficial to the transfer of heat between each other, thereby effectively improving the heat exchange effect; wherein, the cross-sectional shape of the heating pipeline 2 is circular, and by setting the heating pipeline 2 to a circular cross-section, it is beneficial to the rapid flow of liquid ammonia or ammonia gas in the heating pipeline 2, thereby accelerating the subsequent ammonia decomposition efficiency; by setting a plurality of vertical baffles and horizontal baffles, each pipeline is separated, and the overall heat exchange coefficient is improved by controlling the flow rate of the heat exchange medium.

The liquid ammonia or ammonia gas after heat exchange and vaporization enters the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 connected thereto through the heating pipeline 2; in order to improve the decomposition efficiency of ammonia so that ammonia can be fully decomposed in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, specifically, the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is a curved structure, one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is an ammonia inlet 31, and the ammonia inlet 31 is connected to the heating pipeline 2, and the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is a decomposition gas outlet 32, and the decomposition gas outlet 32 extends out of the shell 1; the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is composed of a first decomposition pipeline 301 and a second decomposition pipeline 302, both of which are curved structures and connected to each other, and the shapes of the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the second decomposition pipeline 302 are connected to each other and are equal in length; there is a gap between the parts of the first decomposition pipeline 301, and the second decomposition pipeline 302 is provided with a gap. There are gaps between the various parts, and the gaps between the various parts of the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the gaps between the various parts of the second decomposition pipeline 302 are set corresponding to each other; in order to promote the decomposition of ammonia and improve the decomposition efficiency of ammonia, so that ammonia can be fully decomposed to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the second decomposition pipeline 302 are filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, such as a ruthenium-based catalyst, and high-temperature gas flows in the second heat exchange interval 12 as the second heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature gas is introduced through the second heat medium inlet 121; and discharged through the second heat medium outlet 122; to improve the heating effect on ammonia and promote the thermal decomposition of ammonia; at the same time, the ammonia decomposition pipeline is set to a curved structure, which can maximize the flow distance of ammonia in the second heat exchange part, thereby effectively improving the decomposition efficiency of ammonia.

In order to improve the turbulence of the high-temperature gas and improve the heat exchange effect between the high-temperature gas and the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, preferably, the first vertical baffle 41, the second vertical baffle 42, the third vertical baffle 43, the fourth vertical baffle 44 and the fifth vertical baffle 45 extend through the partition plate 13 into the second heat exchange portion 12 and penetrate the gaps between the parts of the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the gaps between the parts of the second decomposition pipeline 302; by The partition 45 is extended and arranged in the gaps between the parts of the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the gaps between the parts of the second decomposition pipeline 302, so that the high-temperature gas can exchange heat with the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 from multiple angles in the second heat exchange part 12, promote the thermal decomposition of ammonia to improve the decomposition efficiency of ammonia; similarly, a third horizontal partition 53 is arranged in the second heat exchange part 12, and the third horizontal partition 53 is arranged between the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the second decomposition pipeline 302, by connecting the first vertical partition 41, the second vertical partition 42, the third vertical partition 43, and the fourth vertical partition 4 4 and the fifth vertical baffle 45 pass through the partition plate 13 and are arranged in the gaps between the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the gaps between the second decomposition pipeline 302, and a third horizontal baffle 53 is arranged between the first decomposition pipeline 301 and the second decomposition pipeline 302, so that after the high-temperature gas enters the second heat exchange part 12, under the blocking effect of the baffles in multiple different directions, it can fully contact and exchange heat with the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 at multiple angles, thereby promoting uniform and sufficient thermal decomposition of the ammonia; more preferably, the flow direction of the high-temperature gas in the second heat exchange part 12 is the same as that of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3. The flow direction of ammonia in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is opposite to that of ammonia, forming countercurrent heat exchange, thereby further improving the heat exchange effect between the gas and the ammonia; the ammonia is fully and completely decomposed to form a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen under the action of the ammonia decomposition catalyst in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3; the generated mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen is discharged through the decomposition gas outlet 32; wherein, the cross-sectional shape of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 is a polygonal structure, such as a quadrilateral structure. By setting the cross-sectional shape of the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 to a quadrilateral multi-structure, under the condition of the same size, the heat exchange area between the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 and the heat exchange medium can be increased, thereby promoting heat transfer, so that the ammonia can be more fully decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen by heat.

Among them, in order to further reduce the pressure drop of the fluid during the flow process, preferably, the cross-sectional area of the heating pipeline 2 and the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, and the length of the heating pipeline 2 and the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3 are proportional to the flow rate of liquid ammonia or ammonia gas therein; in order to better utilize the heat of the introduced high-temperature gas so that the high-temperature flue gas can better heat the ammonia and maximize the energy of the high-temperature gas, preferably, the distances between the first vertical baffle 41, the second vertical baffle 42, the third vertical baffle 43, the fourth vertical baffle 44, the fifth vertical baffle 45 and the third horizontal baffle 53 are proportional to the pressure of the second heat exchange medium in the second heating part 12, and the pressure drop of the second heat exchange medium is controlled by adjusting the spacing between different baffles, thereby reducing the energy loss of the heat exchange medium and enabling the heat of the introduced second heat exchange medium to be effectively transferred to the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition pipeline 3, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of the ammonia.

The segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor can further increase the heat exchange temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the heat exchange medium, and between the heat exchange medium and ammonia gas or liquid ammonia, by respectively introducing different heat exchange media into the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part which are separated, and respectively arranging a curved heating pipeline and an ammonia decomposition pipeline in the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part, thereby improving the heat exchange effect inside the reactor; and in the respective gaps between the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline, baffles are correspondingly arranged along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, which can increase the flow velocity and heat exchange area of different heat exchange media in the corresponding heat exchange part, and increase the heat transfer in the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas to the greatest extent, so that the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can be fully heated during the flow process, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the heat in the heat exchange medium, thereby making full use of the heat of, for example, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the hot water to heat and decompose the ammonia gas, and also reducing the demand for the ammonia decomposition catalyst in the ammonia decomposition process.

The present application also discloses an ammonia decomposition reaction system including the segmented stepped ammonia decomposition reactor, comprising:

an ammonia supply device, the ammonia supply device being in communication with a heating inlet of the heating pipeline, the ammonia supply device being used to introduce liquid ammonia or ammonia gas into the heating pipeline;

a first heat exchange medium supply device, the first heat exchange medium supply device being in communication with the first heat medium inlet, the first heat exchange medium supply device being used to introduce a first heat exchange medium into the first heat exchange part;

a second heat exchange medium supply device, the second heat exchange medium supply device being in communication with the second heat medium inlet, the second heat exchange medium supply device being used for introducing a second heat exchange medium into the second heat exchange portion;

A purification device, the purification device is communicated with the decomposition gas outlet, and the purification device is used to further remove ammonia in the mixed gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet;

An application device is connected to the purification device, and is used for applying the purified mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.

Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The sectional step-type ammonia decomposition reactor comprises a shell, a heating pipeline and an ammonia decomposition pipeline, wherein the heating pipeline and the ammonia decomposition pipeline are both positioned in the shell; the method is characterized in that:

The shell comprises a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part, and the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part are separated from each other and are arranged in contact; a first heat exchange medium flows through the first heat exchange part, a second heat exchange medium flows through the second heat exchange part, and the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium are different from each other;

The heating pipeline is of a bent structure, the heating pipeline is positioned in the first heat exchange part, one end of the heating pipeline extends into the second heat exchange part and is communicated with the ammonia decomposition pipeline, the other end of the heating pipeline extends out of the shell, and the flowing direction of the first heat exchange medium in the first heat exchange part is opposite to the flowing direction of the fluid in the heating pipeline;

The ammonia decomposition pipeline is of a bent structure, the ammonia decomposition pipeline is located inside the second heat exchange part, one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is communicated with the heating pipeline, the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline extends out of the shell, and the flowing direction of the second heat exchange medium in the second heat exchange part is opposite to the flowing direction of fluid in the ammonia decomposition pipeline.

2. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange device comprises a shell, a first heat exchange part and a second heat exchange part, wherein the shell is internally provided with a partition plate, the first heat exchange part and the second heat exchange part are separated by the partition plate, the first heat exchange part is provided with a first heat medium inlet and a first heat medium outlet, and the first heat medium inlet and the first heat medium outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the shell; the second heat exchange part is provided with a second heat medium inlet and a second heat medium outlet, and the second heat medium inlet and the second heat medium outlet are arranged on the same side face of the shell.

3. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the first heat exchange medium is high-temperature liquid water or high-temperature gas, and the second heat exchange medium is high-temperature gas or high-temperature liquid water.

4. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 2, wherein: the heating pipe comprises a first heating pipe, a second heating pipe and a third heating pipe which are equal in length and are of a bending structure, wherein one end of the heating pipe is a heating inlet, the other end of the heating pipe is a heating outlet, a gap is reserved between any two adjacent parts of the first heating pipe of the bending structure, a gap is reserved between any two adjacent parts of the second heating pipe of the bending structure, a gap is reserved between any two adjacent parts of the third heating pipe which is arranged in a bending manner, and the gaps among the first heating pipe, the second heating pipe and the third heating pipe are aligned with each other; the heating inlet is disposed proximate to the first thermal medium outlet, and the heating outlet is disposed proximate to the first thermal medium inlet.

5. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 4, wherein: a first vertical partition plate, a second vertical partition plate, a third vertical partition plate, a fourth vertical partition plate and a fifth vertical partition plate are vertically arranged in the shell, and the first vertical partition plate, the second vertical partition plate, the third vertical partition plate, the fourth vertical partition plate and the fifth vertical partition plate are sequentially arranged in gaps among adjacent parts of the first heating pipe, the second heating pipe and the third heating pipe which are arranged in an aligned mode;

The first heat exchange part is horizontally provided with a first horizontal partition plate and a second horizontal partition plate, the first horizontal partition plate is arranged between the first heating pipe and the second heating pipe, and the second horizontal partition plate is arranged between the second heating pipe and the third heating pipe.

6. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 2, wherein: one end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is an ammonia gas inlet, the ammonia gas inlet is communicated with the heating pipeline, the other end of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is a decomposition gas outlet, and the decomposition gas outlet extends out of the shell; the ammonia decomposition pipeline consists of a first decomposition pipeline and a second decomposition pipeline which are of a bent structure and are communicated with each other; gaps exist among the parts of the first decomposition pipeline, gaps exist among the parts of the second decomposition pipeline, and the gaps among the parts of the first decomposition pipeline and the gaps among the parts of the second decomposition pipeline are arranged corresponding to each other.

7. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 6, wherein: a third horizontal partition plate is arranged in the second heat exchange part and is arranged between the first decomposition pipeline and the second decomposition pipeline; the ammonia decomposition pipeline is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst.

8. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 7, wherein: the cross-sectional area of the heating line and the cross-sectional area of the ammonia destruction line are proportional to the flow rate of the fluid flowing therein; the distance between the first vertical partition, the second vertical partition, the third vertical partition, the fourth vertical partition, the fifth vertical partition, and the third horizontal partition is proportional to the pressure of the second heat exchange medium in the second heating section.

9. A staged ammonia destruction reactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the heating pipeline is circular, and the cross section of the ammonia decomposition pipeline is quadrilateral.

10. An ammonia decomposition reaction system comprising a staged ammonia decomposition reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: and also comprises

The ammonia gas supply device is communicated with the heating inlet of the heating pipeline and is used for introducing liquid ammonia or ammonia gas into the heating pipeline;

A first heat exchange medium supply device in communication with the first heat exchange medium inlet, the first heat exchange medium supply device for introducing a first heat exchange medium into the first heat exchange section;

a second heat exchange medium supply device in communication with the second heat exchange medium inlet, the second heat exchange medium supply device for introducing a second heat exchange medium into the second heat exchange section;

The purification device is communicated with the decomposed gas outlet and is used for further removing ammonia gas in the mixed gas discharged from the decomposed gas outlet;

the application device is connected with the purification device and is used for applying the purified mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.