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CN118640587B - A solar collector and phase change heat storage device cooperative hot water supply system and control method - Google Patents

A solar collector and phase change heat storage device cooperative hot water supply system and control method Download PDF

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CN118640587B
CN118640587B CN202410879644.6A CN202410879644A CN118640587B CN 118640587 B CN118640587 B CN 118640587B CN 202410879644 A CN202410879644 A CN 202410879644A CN 118640587 B CN118640587 B CN 118640587B
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phase change
heat storage
heat
hot water
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CN118640587A (en
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刘燕妮
陈杰智
王文琪
丁云飞
陈奇良
王欢
王云鹤
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Guangzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/06—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons

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Abstract

本发明提出了一种太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应系统及控制方法，该发明通过能量预测模块收集天气数据和用户用水规律，实现太阳能光强与用水需求的精准匹配。在太阳能充足时，富余热量被储存于相变蓄热器中；在太阳能不足时，则启动相变蓄热器协同加热，并利用谷电时段对相变蓄热器进行预热。系统还配备监测模块，实时掌握供热设备蓄热量和蓄热水箱温度，并通过预设逻辑控制设备启停，实现自动化和智能化管理。该方法提高了太阳能的利用率和热水供应的稳定性，满足了用户随时的热水需求，同时展现出较好的经济性能。

The present invention proposes a hot water supply system and control method that cooperates with a solar collector and a phase change heat storage device. The invention collects weather data and user water usage patterns through an energy prediction module to achieve accurate matching of solar light intensity with water demand. When solar energy is sufficient, the surplus heat is stored in the phase change heat storage device; when solar energy is insufficient, the phase change heat storage device is started for cooperative heating, and the phase change heat storage device is preheated during the off-peak period. The system is also equipped with a monitoring module to grasp the heat storage amount of the heating equipment and the temperature of the hot water storage tank in real time, and control the start and stop of the equipment through preset logic to achieve automatic and intelligent management. This method improves the utilization rate of solar energy and the stability of hot water supply, meets the user's hot water needs at any time, and shows good economic performance.

Description

Solar heat collector and phase change heat storage device collaborative hot water supply system and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat supply, in particular to a solar heat collector and phase change heat storage device collaborative hot water supply system and a control method.
Background
The strong development of renewable energy has become a major strategic direction for global energy conversion and coping with climate change. Solar energy is a high-quality renewable energy source and is widely applied to heat supply engineering. However, solar energy is affected by weather, seasons and other factors, and the stability and the continuity of solar heat radiation are poor, so that a contradiction exists between solar heat supply and heat demand of users.
The phase-change heat storage technology utilizes the phase-change material to release or absorb the phase-change latent heat in the phase-change process to store and release heat, and has great potential in the aspect of solar heat utilization. The phase-change heat storage technology can effectively solve the instability and discontinuity caused by the intermittence of solar energy, the phase-change material stores surplus solar energy in sunny days, and the heat is released when the heat demand of a user is increased, so that the purposes of saving energy and improving the heat supply stability are achieved.
The solar phase-change heat storage technology has wide application potential in improving the solar heat utilization efficiency and saving energy, is continuously focused at home and abroad, and performs optimization analysis on related structures and systems. How to cooperatively control a solar collector and a phase change heat storage device, how to efficiently convert solar energy into thermal energy and store the thermal energy, how to realize intelligent control and management of a system, and how to improve the stability and economy of a solar heat supply system are technical problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a solar heat collector and phase change heat storage device collaborative hot water supply system and control method for improving the stability and economy of the solar heat supply system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A collaborative hot water supply system of a solar heat collector and a phase change heat storage device comprises the solar heat collector, the phase change heat storage device, a heat storage water tank, a heat exchanger, a heat supply pipeline, a circulating water pump, a valve assembly, an energy prediction module, a monitoring module and a control module;
The heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in parallel;
the pipeline valve assembly comprises a three-way valve, a gate valve and a check valve;
the solar heat collector, the phase change heat accumulator, the heat storage water tank, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, the heat supply pipeline, the circulating water pump and the valve assembly are in circulating connection with each other.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the solar heat collector is a heat pipe type vacuum tube heat collector, the top end of the solar heat collector is provided with an automatic exhaust valve, the bottom end of the solar heat collector is provided with a ventilation valve, and the ventilation valve can be opened manually.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the phase change heat accumulator is filled with phase change materials.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heat storage water tank is a flow-guiding type positive-displacement water heater, a flow guiding device is arranged in the heat storage water tank, the flow guiding device is provided with three horizontal baffles in the heat storage water tank, the baffles jointly construct an S-shaped fluid channel in the heat storage water tank, and one end of each baffle is connected to the inner side wall of the heat storage water tank.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the bottom of the heat storage water tank is provided with a water supplementing pump for supplementing water in the heat storage water tank.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are heat exchange devices, and are provided with coil heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, positive displacement heat exchangers and the like, and different heat exchanger types can be selected according to heat exchange scale and system environment.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heating pipeline is provided with a circulating water pump and a valve assembly.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the water inlets of the solar heat collector, the phase change heat accumulator, the heat storage water tank, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are all arranged above the device, and the water outlets are all arranged below the device.
A control method for hot water supply of a solar heat collector and a phase change heat storage device in a cooperative manner comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting data
The collecting data comprises collecting water consumption data of the first n days of a user by using the energy prediction module, wherein the water consumption data comprises water consumption W and water consumption time T, the water consumption time is measured in whole hours, and the data can be historical water consumption data, a water consumption plan set by the user or user water consumption habit prediction based on big data;
The data acquisition further comprises the steps of collecting weather forecast conditions of the current day by using the energy prediction module, and obtaining solar radiation intensity S (t) of each hour of the current day according to the weather forecast conditions;
the data acquisition further comprises the step of collecting the temperature information Ts of the heat storage water tank and the heat storage quantity conversion electricity quantity value Qp of the phase change heat accumulator by using the monitoring module;
s2, predictive analysis
The predictive analysis comprises drawing a water usage rule curve of the user on the same day based on the obtained water usage data of the user on the previous n days;
The predictive analysis further comprises the steps of converting the water usage law curve into a power consumption demand curve based on the heating power of the water heater, and obtaining feedforward power consumption demand predicted quantity E (t) of each hour of the day based on the power consumption demand curve;
The predictive analysis further comprises the step of calculating the solar energy conversion electric energy H (t) per hour on the basis of the collector area A and the collector efficiency eta of the solar collector, wherein the calculation formula is (1),
Wherein H (t) is the solar energy converted electric energy per hour of the day, the unit is kW.h, S (t) is the solar radiation intensity per hour of the day, the unit is W/m2, A is the area of the heat collector, the unit is m2, and eta is the efficiency of the solar heat collector;
S3, control strategy
The control strategy comprises that the control module performs strategy control once on the solar heat collector and the heat supply system of the phase-change heat storage device at the beginning of each hour according to the prediction analysis result, and the strategy control comprises the following steps:
a. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t) and E (t) is not equal to 0, directly starting the solar heat collector to transfer heat to the heat storage water tank, so that the heat consumption requirement of a user is met;
b. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t), H (t) is not equal to 0, and E (t) is not equal to 0, if the current day residual demand index P is less than 0, starting the phase change heat accumulator to store redundant heat;
c. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t), H (t) =0, E (t) =0, and the electricity price period is low, if the residual demand index P is less than 0, the phase change heat accumulator is charged by using the electric energy of the electric network,
D. when H (t) < E (t) and Qp is more than or equal to E (t) -H (t), starting the solar heat collector and the phase change heat accumulator to cooperatively heat the heat storage water tank, and supplementing the heat of the heat storage water tank device module;
e. If H (t) < E (t) and Qp < E (t) -H (t), then activating the phase change thermal storage and the auxiliary heat source device module to supplement insufficient heat;
the calculation formula of the residual demand index P of the control strategy is shown as formula (2);
wherein, n represents the remaining time of the day for n hours H (t) < E (t), which is the sum of the differences between the n hours E (t) and H (t);
S4, real-time monitoring and control
The monitoring module monitors the heat accumulation amount of the phase-change heat accumulation water tank in real time, automatically adjusts energy supply according to preset logic, and controls the starting and stopping of terminal equipment, valves, phase-change heat accumulators and the like;
When the heat quantity of the phase-change heat storage quantity reaches a preset upper limit or a required quantity, the heater or the solar heat collector automatically stops storing heat for the phase-change heat storage material;
when the phase change heat storage quantity does not meet the requirement, the heat collection function of the heater or the solar heat collector is automatically started to supplement heat for the phase change heat storage.
S5, periodic inspection and maintenance
The periodic inspection and maintenance comprises periodic inspection of the solar heat collector, the heat storage water tank device module, the phase change heat accumulator, the auxiliary heat source device module, the energy prediction module and the control module, cleaning of the surface of the heat collector of the solar heat collector, inspection of pipelines and valves, and no leakage and blockage of a system are ensured.
In the preferable technical solution of the present invention, in the predictive analysis, the step of drawing a regular water consumption curve of the user on the same day based on the obtained water consumption data of the user on the previous n days includes:
a. A prediction model is constructed by adopting a method based on a long-short-period memory neural network according to the water consumption data of the previous n days of the user to obtain a predicted value y of the total water consumption of the current day,
B. According to the water consumption data of the previous n days of the user, finishing to obtain the water consumption of the jth hour of the ith day of the user as Wij, wherein i=1-n, j=1, 2..24;
calculating the water consumption Wj at the j-th hour of the day by adopting the formula (3), wherein the formula (3) is as follows:
c. and drawing a water consumption rule curve of the user on the same day according to the obtained water consumption Wj on the j-th hour on the same day.
Further, the step of constructing a prediction model by adopting a method based on a long-short-term memory neural network to obtain the predicted value y of the total daily water amount comprises the following steps:
a. Obtaining water usage data of the user for the previous n days, obtaining water usage total amount data of the user for each of the n days, denoted as W1, W2..wn from far to near according to time distance, constituting a data set c= { W1, W2..wn },
B. Data normalization processing, the data set C is normalized,
C. Dividing data by a sliding window method to create an input-output sequence, wherein the sliding window length is 7, the prediction step number is 1,
D. Constructing a long-term memory neural network prediction model, wherein an ELU activation function is adopted as an activation function of the long-term memory neural network prediction model, the mathematical form of the ELU activation function is formula (4),
Wherein, the value range of alpha is 0.3-0.5,
E. and carrying out model training and model optimization to finally obtain a trained model, and inputting the last 7 data to the trained model to obtain a predicted value y.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the solar heat storage device, the solar heat collector and the phase-change heat storage device are used for supplying heat in a coordinated manner, solar energy which is rich in sunny days is stored in the phase-change heat storage device for use at night, the utilization rate and stability of the solar energy are improved, and the hot water requirement of a user at any time is met.
2. The invention can effectively improve the cooperative control of the system, and jointly control the solar heat collector and the phase change heat storage device to cooperate with the supply and demand balance of hot water supply. The automatic and intelligent control system can achieve automation and intellectualization in control, can collect weather data and user water usage rule data according to the energy prediction module, monitor the heat accumulation amount of the phase-change heat storage water tank and the heat temperature of the heat storage water tank, and control the start and stop of terminal equipment, valves and the phase-change heat storage device through preset logic, and has high automation degree and better economic performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control logic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the control method of the present invention;
In the figure, a 1-solar heat collector, a 2-phase change heat accumulator, a 3-heat storage water tank, a 4-heat exchanger, a 41-first heat exchanger, a 42-second heat exchanger, a 5-circulating water pump, a 6-valve assembly, a 61-three-way valve, a 62-gate valve, a 63-check valve, a 7-automatic exhaust valve, an 8-ventilation valve, a 9-diversion device and a 10-water supplementing pump are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings. The description of these embodiments is provided to assist understanding of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As can be seen from fig. 1-2, in one aspect, a hot water supply system by combining a solar heat collector and a phase change heat storage device includes a solar heat collector 1, a phase change heat storage 2, a heat storage water tank 3, a heat exchanger 4, a heat supply pipeline, a circulating water pump 5, a valve assembly 6, an energy prediction module, a monitoring module and a control module;
The heat exchanger 4 comprises a first heat exchanger 41 and a second heat exchanger 42, wherein the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42 are arranged in parallel;
the pipeline valve assembly 6 comprises a three-way valve 61 for controlling the flow direction of fluid, a gate valve 62 for cutting off or connecting a fluid passage and a check valve 63 for preventing the backflow of the fluid in a pipeline. In this embodiment, the check valve is opened when the fluid flows in the normal direction, and closed when the fluid flows backwards, thereby preventing the medium from flowing backwards and protecting the equipment and pumps in the system from being affected;
the solar heat collector 1, the phase change heat accumulator 2, the heat storage water tank 3, the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42 are in mutual circulation connection with a heat supply pipeline, the circulating water pump 5 and the valve assembly 6.
Specifically, the solar collector 1 is a heat pipe type vacuum tube collector for collecting solar energy, has lower heat loss efficiency than a flat plate type collector, and can improve the solar heat collection efficiency, wherein the top end of the solar collector is provided with an automatic exhaust valve 7 for exhausting and discharging heat, and the automatic exhaust valve 7 can not take away heat under normal conditions;
specifically, the phase change heat accumulator 2 is filled with a phase change material with high heat value, so that a large amount of heat can be stored, and the utilization rate of solar energy is greatly improved.
Specifically, the heat storage water tank 3 is a diversion type positive displacement water heater, and a diversion device 9 is arranged in the heat storage water tank, so that the heat storage water tank can be used for long-time heat storage and seasonal heat storage, and the heat storage efficiency is higher.
Further, the flow guiding device 9 is provided with three horizontal baffles inside the heat storage water tank 3, the baffles jointly construct an S-shaped fluid channel inside the heat storage water tank 3, and one end of each baffle is connected to the inner side wall of the heat storage water tank 3. In this embodiment, after the user uses the hot water in the heat storage tank 3, the cold water supplemented in will naturally convect with the hot water rapidly, and the baffle can inhibit the natural convection, so that the heat-conducting working medium exchanges heat with the water with lower temperature in the heat storage tank 3 at the lower part, a larger temperature difference is maintained, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Further, a water supplementing pump 10 is arranged at the bottom of the heat storage water tank 3 and is used for supplementing water in the heat storage water tank 3, and the type and the power of the water pump can be selected according to the system requirements.
Specifically, the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42 are heat exchange devices, which are used for heating water in the heat storage water tank 3, and are of coil heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, positive displacement heat exchanger, etc., and different heat exchanger types can be selected according to heat exchange scale and system environment.
Specifically, the heating pipeline is provided with a circulating water pump 5 and a valve assembly 6 for driving the heat-conducting working medium to circulate and flow for heat exchange.
Specifically, the water inlets of the solar heat collector 1, the phase change heat accumulator 2, the heat storage water tank 3, the first heat exchanger 41 and the second heat exchanger 42 are all arranged above the device, and the water outlets are all arranged below the device.
On the other hand, the heat supply control method of the solar heat collector and the phase change heat storage device comprises the following steps of:
s1, collecting data
The collecting data comprises collecting water consumption data of the first n days of a user by using the energy prediction module, wherein the water consumption data comprises water consumption W and water consumption time T, the water consumption time is measured in whole hours, and the data can be historical water consumption data, a water consumption plan set by the user or user water consumption habit prediction based on big data;
The data acquisition further comprises the steps of collecting weather forecast conditions of the current day by using the energy prediction module, and obtaining solar radiation intensity S (t) of each hour of the current day according to the weather forecast conditions;
the data acquisition further comprises the step of collecting the temperature information Ts of the heat storage water tank and the heat storage quantity conversion electricity quantity value Qp of the phase change heat accumulator by using the monitoring module;
S2, predictive analysis;
The predictive analysis comprises drawing a water usage rule curve of the user on the same day based on the obtained water usage data of the user on the previous n days;
The predictive analysis further comprises the steps of converting the water usage law curve into a power consumption demand curve based on the heating power of the water heater, and obtaining feedforward power consumption demand predicted quantity E (t) of each hour of the day based on the power consumption demand curve;
The predictive analysis further comprises the step of calculating the solar energy conversion electric energy H (t) per hour on the basis of the collector area A and the collector efficiency eta of the solar collector, wherein the calculation formula is (1),
Wherein H (t) is the solar energy converted electric energy per hour of the day, the unit is kW.h, S (t) is the solar radiation intensity per hour of the day, the unit is W/m2, A is the area of the heat collector, the unit is m2, and eta is the efficiency of the solar heat collector;
S3, control strategy
The control strategy comprises that the control module performs strategy control once on the solar heat collector and the heat supply system of the phase-change heat storage device at the beginning of each hour according to the prediction analysis result, and the strategy control comprises the following steps:
a. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t) and E (t) is not equal to 0, directly starting the solar heat collector to transfer heat to the heat storage water tank, so that the heat consumption requirement of a user is met;
b. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t), H (t) is not equal to 0, and E (t) is not equal to 0, if the current day residual demand index P is less than 0, starting the phase change heat accumulator to store redundant heat;
c. When H (t) is more than or equal to E (t), H (t) =0, E (t) =0, and the electricity price period is low, if the residual demand index P is less than 0, the phase change heat accumulator is charged by using the electric energy of the electric network,
D. when H (t) < E (t) and Qp is more than or equal to E (t) -H (t), starting the solar heat collector and the phase change heat accumulator to cooperatively heat the heat storage water tank, and supplementing the heat of the heat storage water tank device module;
e. If H (t) < E (t) and Qp < E (t) -H (t), then activating the phase change thermal storage and the auxiliary heat source device module to supplement insufficient heat;
the calculation formula of the residual demand index P of the control strategy is shown as formula (2);
wherein, n represents the remaining time of the day for n hours H (t) < E (t), which is the sum of the differences between the n hours E (t) and H (t);
S4, real-time monitoring and control
The monitoring module monitors the heat accumulation amount of the phase-change heat accumulation water tank in real time, automatically adjusts energy supply according to preset logic, and controls the starting and stopping of terminal equipment, valves, phase-change heat accumulators and the like;
When the heat quantity of the phase-change heat storage quantity reaches a preset upper limit or a required quantity, the heater or the solar heat collector automatically stops storing heat for the phase-change heat storage material;
when the phase change heat storage quantity does not meet the requirement, the heat collection function of the heater or the solar heat collector is automatically started to supplement heat for the phase change heat storage.
S5, periodically checking and maintaining;
the periodic inspection and maintenance comprises periodic inspection of the solar heat collector, the heat storage water tank device module, the phase change heat accumulator, the auxiliary heat source device module, the energy prediction module and the control module, cleaning of the surface of the heat collector of the solar heat collector, inspection of pipelines and valves, and no leakage and blockage of a system are ensured.
Specifically, in the predictive analysis, the step of drawing a water usage law curve of the user on the current day based on the obtained water usage data of the user on the previous n days includes:
a. A prediction model is constructed by adopting a method based on a long-short-period memory neural network according to the water consumption data of the previous n days of the user to obtain a predicted value y of the total water consumption of the current day,
B. According to the water consumption data of the previous n days of the user, finishing to obtain the water consumption of the jth hour of the ith day of the user as Wij, wherein i=1-n, j=1, 2..24;
calculating the water consumption Wj at the j-th hour of the day by adopting the formula (3), wherein the formula (3) is as follows:
c. and drawing a water consumption rule curve of the user on the same day according to the obtained water consumption Wj on the j-th hour on the same day.
Further, the step of constructing a prediction model by adopting a method based on a long-short-term memory neural network to obtain the predicted value y of the total daily water amount comprises the following steps:
a. Obtaining water usage data of the user for the previous n days, obtaining water usage total amount data of the user for each of the n days, denoted as W1, W2..wn from far to near according to time distance, constituting a data set c= { W1, W2..wn },
B. Data normalization processing, the data set C is normalized,
C. Dividing data by a sliding window method to create an input-output sequence, wherein the sliding window length is 7, the prediction step number is 1,
D. Constructing a long-term memory neural network prediction model, wherein an ELU activation function is adopted as an activation function of the long-term memory neural network prediction model, the mathematical form of the ELU activation function is formula (4),
In the formula, the value range of alpha is 0.3-0.5, e) model training and model optimization are carried out to finally obtain a trained model, and the last 7 data are input to the trained model to obtain a predicted value y.
As a first specific embodiment:
According to the energy prediction module and the control module, the solar energy on the same day converts electric energy H (t) =0.42 kw.h, and the electricity demand on the same day predicts E (t) =0.28 kw.h, so that the system directly starts the solar heat collector to transfer heat to the heat storage water tank, and the heat consumption demand of a user is met. And starting the phase change heat storage device module to store the redundant heat of the solar heat collector in the period of E (t) =0 and the residual demand index P < 0in the same day.
As a second embodiment:
According to the energy prediction module and the control module, solar energy conversion electric energy H (t) =0.18 kw.h on the same day, electricity consumption demand on the same day predicts E (t) =0.28 kw.h, heat accumulation amount conversion electric quantity value qp=0.02 kw.h of the phase change heat accumulator on the same day, and the system heats the phase change heat accumulator by using the auxiliary heating device to supplement heat of the heat accumulation water tank in the period of E (t) =0 on the same day. Meanwhile, the phase change heat accumulator and the solar heat collector work cooperatively and heat the heat accumulation water tank together.
As a third specific embodiment:
According to the energy prediction module and the control module, solar energy conversion electric energy H (t) =0 on the same day, electricity consumption demand prediction E (t) =0.28 kw.h on the same day, heat accumulation and conversion electric energy value qp=0.3 kw.h on the same day of the phase change heat accumulator, and the phase change heat accumulator is started to heat the heat accumulation water tank.
As a fourth embodiment:
According to the energy prediction module and the control module, solar energy conversion electric energy H (t) =0 on the same day, electricity consumption demand prediction E (t) =0.28 kw.h on the same day, heat accumulation and conversion electric energy value qp=0.18 kw.h on the same day of the phase change heat accumulator, and the phase change heat accumulator and the auxiliary heat source are started to work cooperatively to heat the heat accumulation water tank together.
The above examples mainly illustrate the solar heat collector and the phase change heat storage device collaborative hot water supply system and the control method of the invention. Although only a few specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in many other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is intended to cover various modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1.一种太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A method for controlling hot water supply by using a solar collector and a phase change heat storage device, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1：采集热水供应系统数据S1: Collecting hot water supply system data 所述热水供应系统，包括：太阳能集热器(1)、相变蓄热器(2)、蓄热水箱(3)、换热器(4)、供热管路、循环水泵(5)、阀门组件(6)、辅助热源装置模块、能量预测模块、监测模块及控制模块；The hot water supply system comprises: a solar collector (1), a phase change heat storage device (2), a hot water storage tank (3), a heat exchanger (4), a heating pipeline, a circulating water pump (5), a valve assembly (6), an auxiliary heat source device module, an energy prediction module, a monitoring module and a control module; 所述换热器(4)包括：第一换热器(41)和第二换热器(42)，所述第一换热器(41)与第二换热器(42)之间并联布置；The heat exchanger (4) comprises: a first heat exchanger (41) and a second heat exchanger (42), wherein the first heat exchanger (41) and the second heat exchanger (42) are arranged in parallel; 所述阀门组件(6)包括：三通阀(61)、闸阀(62)、止回阀(63)；The valve assembly (6) comprises: a three-way valve (61), a gate valve (62), and a check valve (63); 所述太阳能集热器(1)、相变蓄热器(2)、蓄热水箱(3)、第一换热器(41)、第二换热器(42)与供热管路、循环水泵(5)及阀门组件(6)之间相互循环连接；The solar collector (1), the phase change heat storage device (2), the hot water storage tank (3), the first heat exchanger (41), the second heat exchanger (42), the heating pipeline, the circulating water pump (5) and the valve assembly (6) are interconnected in a circular manner; 所述采集热水供应系统数据，包括使用所述能量预测模块收集用户的前n日的用水数据，所述用水数据包括用水量W，和用水时间T，所述用水时间以整小时计；The collecting of hot water supply system data includes using the energy prediction module to collect the user's water use data for the previous n days, wherein the water use data includes water consumption W and water use time T, wherein the water use time is measured in whole hours; 所述采集热水供应系统数据，还包括使用所述能量预测模块收集当日的天气预报情况，根据所述天气预报情况获得当日每个小时的太阳辐射强度S(t)；The collecting of hot water supply system data also includes using the energy prediction module to collect weather forecast conditions for the day, and obtaining solar radiation intensity S(t) for each hour of the day according to the weather forecast conditions; 所述采集热水供应系统数据，还包括使用所述监测模块收集所述蓄热水箱温度信息Ts和所述相变蓄热器蓄热存量转化电量值Qp；The collecting of hot water supply system data also includes using the monitoring module to collect the temperature information Ts of the hot water storage tank and the value of the converted electricity Qp of the heat storage amount of the phase change heat storage device; S2：预测分析S2: Predictive Analytics 所述预测分析，包括基于获得的所述用户的前n日的用水数据，绘制当日用户的用水规律曲线；The prediction analysis includes drawing a water consumption regularity curve of the user on the current day based on the water consumption data of the user in the previous n days; 所述预测分析，还包括将所述用水规律曲线基于热水器加热功率转换为用电需求曲线，基于所述用电需求曲线获得当日每小时的前馈用电需求预测量E(t)；The prediction analysis also includes converting the water use pattern curve into an electricity demand curve based on the heating power of the water heater, and obtaining a feedforward electricity demand forecast E(t) per hour of the day based on the electricity demand curve; 所述预测分析，还包括基于所述太阳能集热器的集热器面积A以及集热效率η，计算当日每小时太阳能转化电能H(t)，所述计算公式为(1)；The prediction analysis also includes calculating the solar energy conversion electric energy H(t) per hour on the day based on the collector area A and the heat collection efficiency η of the solar collector, and the calculation formula is (1); S3：控制策略S3: Control strategy 所述控制策略，包括所述控制模块根据所述预测分析结果，每小时开始时均对所述太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置供热系统进行一次策略控制，所述策略控制的步骤为：The control strategy includes the control module performing a strategy control on the solar collector and phase change heat storage device heating system at the beginning of each hour according to the prediction analysis results, and the steps of the strategy control are: a、当H(t)≥E(t)，且E(t)≠0时，直接启动所述太阳能集热器，将热量传递到蓄热水箱，满足用户的用热需求；a. When H(t)≥E(t) and E(t)≠0, the solar collector is directly started to transfer heat to the water storage tank to meet the user's heating needs; b、当H(t)≥E(t)，H(t)≠0，且E(t)＝0时，如果当日剩余需求量指标P小于0，则启动所述相变蓄热器，存储多余热量；b. When H(t)≥E(t), H(t)≠0, and E(t)＝0, if the remaining demand index P of the day is less than 0, the phase change heat storage device is started to store excess heat; c、当H(t)≥E(t)，H(t)＝0，E(t)＝0，且此时处于低谷电价时段时，如果剩余需求量指标P小于0，则利用电网电能给所述相变蓄热器充热，c. When H(t)≥E(t), H(t)＝0, E(t)＝0, and it is in the off-peak electricity price period, if the remaining demand index P is less than 0, the grid electricity is used to charge the phase change heat storage device. d、当H(t)<E(t)且Qp≥E(t)-H(t)时，则启动太阳能集热器与相变蓄热器协同给蓄热水箱加热，补充所述蓄热水箱装置模块的热量；d. When H(t)<E(t) and Qp≥E(t)-H(t), the solar thermal collector and the phase change heat storage device are started to heat the hot water storage tank in coordination to supplement the heat of the hot water storage tank device module; e、如果H(t)<E(t)且Qp<E(t)-H(t)，则启动所述相变蓄热器以及所述辅助热源装置模块补充不足的热量；e. If H(t)<E(t) and Qp<E(t)-H(t), start the phase change heat storage device and the auxiliary heat source device module to supplement the insufficient heat; 所述控制策略，所述剩余需求量指标P的计算公式为式(2)，The control strategy, the calculation formula of the remaining demand index P is formula (2), 式中，Qps相变蓄热装置蓄热存量转化电量值剩余值，n表示在当日剩余的时间里有n个小时H(t)<E(t)，为所述的n个小时E(t)与H(t)的差值和；Where Q ps is the remaining value of the thermal storage capacity of the phase change thermal storage device converted into the electrical quantity, and n means that there are n hours H(t)<E(t) in the remaining time of the day. is the sum of the differences between E(t) and H(t) in the n hours; S4：实时监测S4: Real-time monitoring 监测模块实时监控相变蓄热水箱的蓄热量；根据预设的逻辑，自动调节能源供应，控制末端设备、阀类和相变蓄热器的启动与停止；The monitoring module monitors the heat storage capacity of the phase-change heat storage tank in real time; according to the preset logic, it automatically adjusts the energy supply and controls the start and stop of the terminal equipment, valves and phase-change heat storage tank; S5：定期检查和维护S5: Regular inspection and maintenance 所述定期检查和维护，包括定期检查所述太阳能集热器、蓄热水箱装置模块、相变蓄热器、辅助热源装置模块，能量预测模块和控制模块的运行状态，清洁所述太阳能集热器的集热器表面，检查管道和阀门，确保系统无泄漏和堵塞。The regular inspection and maintenance include regular inspection of the operating status of the solar collector, hot water storage tank device module, phase change heat storage device, auxiliary heat source device module, energy prediction module and control module, cleaning the collector surface of the solar collector, and inspecting pipes and valves to ensure that the system is free of leaks and blockages. 2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述预测分析中，所述基于获得的所述用户的前n日的用水数据，绘制当日用户的用水规律曲线的步骤为：2. The method for controlling hot water supply in coordination with a solar collector and a phase change thermal storage device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the prediction analysis, the step of drawing a water use regularity curve of the user on the current day based on the water use data of the user in the previous n days is as follows: a、根据所述用户的前n日的用水数据采用基于长短期记忆神经网络的方法构建预测模型获得当日用水总量预测值y，a. According to the user's water consumption data for the previous n days, a prediction model is constructed using a method based on long short-term memory neural network to obtain a predicted value y of the total water consumption for the day, b、根据所述用户的前n日的用水数据进行整理获得用户第i天的第j个小时的用水量为Wij，其中i＝1～n，j＝1,2...24；c)b. Arrange the user's water consumption data for the previous n days to obtain the user's water consumption for the jth hour on the i-th day as Wij, where i = 1 to n, j = 1, 2...24; c) 采用式(3)计算当日的第j小时的用水量Wj，所述式(3)为：The water consumption Wj of the jth hour of the day is calculated using formula (3), which is: c、根据获得的当日的第j小时的用水量Wj，绘制当日用户的用水规律曲线。c. Based on the water consumption Wj of the jth hour of the day, draw a water consumption pattern curve of the user on that day. 3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述采用基于长短期记忆神经网络的方法构建预测模型获得当日用水总量预测值y的步骤为：3. The method for controlling hot water supply in coordination with a solar collector and a phase change thermal storage device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the step of using a method based on a long short-term memory neural network to construct a prediction model to obtain a predicted value y of the total water consumption for the day is: a、获得所述用户前n日的用水数据，获得这n天每天的用水总量数据，根据时间距离由远及近表示为W1，W2...Wn，构成数据集C＝{W1，W2...Wn}，a. Obtain the user's water consumption data for the previous n days, obtain the total water consumption data for each of the n days, and represent them as W 1 , W 2 ...W n according to the time distance from far to near, forming a data set C = {W 1 , W 2 ...W n }, b、数据归一化处理，将所述数据集C进行归一化处理，b. Data normalization processing: normalizing the data set C. c、采用滑动窗口法分割数据创建输入输出序列，所述滑动窗口长度为7，所述预测步数为1，c. Use the sliding window method to split the data to create input and output sequences. The sliding window length is 7 and the prediction step number is 1. d、构建长短期记忆神经网络预测模型，所述长短期记忆神经网络预测模型的激活函数采用ELU激活函数，所述ELU激活函数的数学形式为式(4)，d. Construct a long short-term memory neural network prediction model. The activation function of the long short-term memory neural network prediction model adopts the ELU activation function. The mathematical form of the ELU activation function is formula (4): 式中，α取值范围为0.3～0.5，In the formula, the value range of α is 0.3～0.5, e、进行模型训练和模型优化最终获得训练好模型，输入所述最后7个数据到所述训练好模型获得预测值y。e. Perform model training and model optimization to finally obtain a trained model, and input the last 7 data into the trained model to obtain the predicted value y. 4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热器(1)是热管式真空管集热器，其顶端设有自动排气阀(7)，底端设有通风阀(8)，通风阀(8)可手动打开。4. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solar collector (1) is a heat pipe vacuum tube collector, which is provided with an automatic exhaust valve (7) at the top and a ventilation valve (8) at the bottom, and the ventilation valve (8) can be opened manually. 5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述相变蓄热器(2)内填充了相变材料。5. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change heat storage device (2) is filled with a phase change material. 6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述蓄热水箱(3)是导流型容积式水加热器，箱内设有导流装置(9)，所述导流装置(9)在蓄热水箱(3)内部设置成水平三块挡板，这些挡板在蓄热水箱(3)内共同构建出S型流体通道，且挡板其中一端连接在蓄热水箱(3)内侧壁上。6. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the heat storage tank (3) is a flow-guiding type volumetric water heater, and a flow-guiding device (9) is provided inside the tank, and the flow-guiding device (9) is arranged as three horizontal baffles inside the heat storage tank (3), and these baffles jointly construct an S-shaped fluid channel in the heat storage tank (3), and one end of the baffle is connected to the inner wall of the heat storage tank (3). 7.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述蓄热水箱(3)底部设置有补水泵(10)，用于补充蓄热水箱里的水。7. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 6 is characterized in that a water replenishment pump (10) is provided at the bottom of the hot water storage tank (3) for replenishing water in the hot water storage tank. 8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述换热器的类型有盘管换热器、板式换热器和容积式换热器，可根据换热规模、系统环境选用不同的换热器类型。8. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the types of heat exchangers include coil heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers and volumetric heat exchangers, and different types of heat exchangers can be selected according to the heat exchange scale and system environment. 9.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能集热器与相变蓄热装置协同热水供应控制方法，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热器(1)、相变蓄热器(2)、蓄热水箱(3)、第一换热器(41)、第二换热器(42)的进水口均设置在装置的上方，出水口均设置在装置的下方。9. The method for controlling hot water supply by coordinating a solar thermal collector with a phase change heat storage device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water inlets of the solar thermal collector (1), the phase change heat storage device (2), the hot water storage tank (3), the first heat exchanger (41), and the second heat exchanger (42) are all arranged above the device, and the water outlets are all arranged below the device.
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