CN118600448B - Electrolysis cell, electrolysis cell group and electrolysis cell system - Google Patents
Electrolysis cell, electrolysis cell group and electrolysis cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118600448B CN118600448B CN202411084037.7A CN202411084037A CN118600448B CN 118600448 B CN118600448 B CN 118600448B CN 202411084037 A CN202411084037 A CN 202411084037A CN 118600448 B CN118600448 B CN 118600448B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolytic cell, an electrolytic cell group and an electrolytic cell system, wherein the electrolytic cell comprises a cell body, an oxygen evolution electrode and a hydrogen evolution electrode are arranged in the cell body, and the oxygen evolution electrode is electrically connected with the hydrogen evolution electrode; the nickel-hydrogen battery is arranged in the groove body and comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are electrically connected on-off. According to the electrolytic cell disclosed by the invention, a diaphragm is not required, so that the energy consumption caused by the diaphragm resistance is reduced, and the use safety of the electrolytic cell is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electrolytic tank, an electrolytic tank group and an electrolytic tank system.
Background
The photovoltaic hydrogen production technology is a technology for converting solar energy into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell panel and further producing hydrogen through water electrolysis. The technology has the advantages of cleanness, reproducibility, environmental protection and the like, and is an important direction of energy transformation and energy safety in the future. Currently, the research focus of the photovoltaic hydrogen production technology includes the aspects of improving the conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell, reducing the cost of water electrolysis hydrogen production, optimizing the system design and the like, wherein the most attention is paid to the cost reduction, efficiency improvement and safety of an electrolytic tank.
Currently, most of the diaphragms used in alkaline electrolytic cells are PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) woven membranes, which have poor hydrogen barrier properties. When the photovoltaic power generation amount suddenly decreases, the alkaline electrolytic cell cannot quickly respond to the fluctuation, so that the hydrogen concentration at the oxygen production end rises, and explosion risks exist. In addition, the presence of the separator also increases the resistance of the electrolytic water reaction, thereby increasing the energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic cell, which does not need to use a diaphragm, reduces energy consumption caused by diaphragm resistance, and improves the use safety of the electrolytic cell.
A second object of the invention is to propose an electrolysis cell group employing an electrolysis cell as described above.
A third object of the invention is to propose an electrolysis cell system employing an electrolysis cell or an electrolysis cell group as described above.
An electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises: the device comprises a tank body, wherein an oxygen evolution electrode and a hydrogen evolution electrode are arranged in the tank body, and the oxygen evolution electrode is electrically connected with the hydrogen evolution electrode; the nickel-hydrogen battery is arranged in the groove body and comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are electrically connected on-off.
According to the electrolytic tank provided by the embodiment of the invention, the decoupling of the oxygen evolution process and the hydrogen evolution process of the electrolytic water reaction is realized by combining the charging reaction of the nickel-hydrogen battery with the electrolytic water reaction, so that the use of the diaphragm is reduced, and the use cost of the diaphragm is reduced. In addition, the energy consumption caused by the diaphragm resistance is reduced, and the safety risk in the use process of the electrolytic cell is greatly reduced. In addition, the nickel-hydrogen battery and the electrolytic tank are integrated into a whole, so that the double functions of electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage can be realized.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nickel-metal hydride battery is in a charged state when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected, and in a discharged state when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically disconnected.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the electrolytic cell further comprises: a first relay connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; when the first relay is electrified, the nickel-hydrogen battery is in the charging state, and when the first relay is powered off, the nickel-hydrogen battery is in the discharging state.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the tank comprises: the oxygen generating chamber, the oxygen evolution electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in the oxygen generating chamber; the hydrogen production chamber and the oxygen production chamber are mutually independent, and the hydrogen evolution electrode and the positive electrode are arranged in the hydrogen production chamber.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the oxygen generating chamber comprises an oxygen evolving pole plate, a negative plate and a first connecting piece, wherein the oxygen evolving pole plate and the negative plate are respectively connected with two sides of the first connecting piece, the oxygen evolving pole plate, the negative plate and the first connecting piece jointly define a first liquid storage space, the oxygen evolving electrode is arranged between one side of the first connecting piece and the side wall of the oxygen evolving pole plate, and the negative electrode is arranged between the other side of the first connecting piece and the side wall of the negative plate; the hydrogen production chamber comprises a hydrogen separation polar plate, a positive plate and a second connecting piece, wherein the hydrogen separation polar plate and the positive plate are respectively connected with two sides of the second connecting piece, the hydrogen separation polar plate, the positive plate and the second connecting piece jointly define a second liquid storage space, a hydrogen separation electrode is arranged between one side of the second connecting piece and the side wall of the hydrogen separation polar plate, a positive electrode is arranged between the other side of the second connecting piece and the side wall of the positive plate, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected on-off through the positive plate and the negative plate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the electrolytic cell further comprises: a second relay connected between the oxygen evolving electrode plate and the negative plate; the third relay is connected between the hydrogen evolution polar plate and the positive plate; when the nickel-hydrogen battery is in a charging state, the second relay and the third relay are both powered off, and when the nickel-hydrogen battery is in a discharging state, the second relay and the third relay are both powered on.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a first inlet and a first outlet are formed on the oxygen generating chamber, and the first inlet and the first outlet are respectively communicated with the first liquid storage space; the hydrogen production chamber is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, and the second inlet and the second outlet are respectively communicated with the second liquid storage space.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first and/or second connector comprises a modified polytetrafluoroethylene element.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen evolution electrode and/or the oxygen evolution electrode is a foam-like material, a mesh-like material, a felt-like material or a plate-like material; and/or the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode is a foam-like material, a mesh-like material, a felt-like material, or a plate-like material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen evolution electrode and/or the oxygen evolution electrode is at least one of carbon, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium, and iridium, or an alloy material of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium, and iridium with at least one of aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the positive electrode is nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide; the negative electrode is a hydrogen storage alloy.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen storage alloy comprises at least one of a titanium-based alloy, a magnesium-based alloy, a zirconium-based alloy, a lanthanide rare earth alloy, and an iron-nickel based alloy.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen storage alloy comprises a metal organic framework, an alloy organic framework, or a carbon-based material.
An electrolytic cell group according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises a plurality of electrolytic cells according to the embodiment of the first aspect described above, a plurality of said electrolytic cells being connected in series or in parallel.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when a plurality of the electrolytic cells are connected in series, the insides of the oxygen producing chambers of the plurality of the electrolytic cells are communicated with each other, the insides of the hydrogen producing chambers of the plurality of the electrolytic cells are communicated with each other, the negative electrode of the oxygen producing chamber near the center of the electrolytic cell group and the positive electrode of the hydrogen producing chamber near the center of the electrolytic cell group are electrically connected on-off, and the oxygen evolving electrode of the oxygen producing chamber far from the center of the electrolytic cell group and the hydrogen evolving electrode of the hydrogen producing chamber far from the center of the electrolytic cell group are electrically connected.
An embodiment of the electrolysis cell system according to the third aspect of the invention comprises an electrolysis cell according to the embodiment of the first aspect described above, or an electrolysis cell stack according to the embodiment of the second aspect described above.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first seal of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell stack according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
100. an electrolytic cell; 200. an electrolytic cell group;
1. a tank body; 11. an oxygen evolution electrode; 12. a hydrogen evolution electrode; 13. an oxygen producing chamber;
131. oxygen-evolving polar plate; 132. a negative plate; 133. a first connector;
1331. A first opening; 1332. a first step portion;
1333. A first perforation; 1334. a second perforation;
134. A first liquid storage space; 135. a first inlet; 136. a first outlet;
14. a hydrogen production chamber; 141. a hydrogen evolution polar plate; 142. a positive plate;
143. A second connector; 1431. a second opening; 1432. a second step portion;
144. a second inlet; 145. a second outlet; 146. a second liquid storage space;
2. A nickel-hydrogen battery; 21. a positive electrode; 22. a negative electrode;
3. a first relay; 4. a second relay; 5. a third relay;
300. An electrolyzer system;
301. A gas-liquid separation module; 302. a gas purification module; 303. a filtration module;
304. A cooling module; 305. a power module; 306. an electrolyte module; 307. and a control module.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and an electrolytic cell 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an electrolytic cell 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes a cell body 1 and a nickel-metal hydride battery 2.
Specifically, the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 are provided in the tank body 1, and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 are electrically connected. For example, in the examples of fig. 1 and 2, a power supply is connected between the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, oxygen is generated by the reaction at the oxygen evolution electrode 11, hydrogen is generated by the reaction at the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, and the generated hydrogen and oxygen are discharged and then enter a storage medium or are directly used.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is disposed in a tank body 1, and the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 includes a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 being electrically connected to each other in an on-off manner. For example, when electricity is supplied between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 can store energy, and the chemical reaction equation of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is: . Wherein M refers to a hydrogen storage alloy. That is, the tank body 1 mainly comprises two electrochemical reaction processes, one is an electrolytic water reaction, and the chemical equation is: The other is a nickel-hydrogen cell reaction. By combining the charging reaction of the nickel-hydrogen battery 2 with the electrolytic water reaction, the positive and negative electrode reactions of the nickel-hydrogen battery 2 realize the charge transfer in the solution through the migration of hydroxide ions, and the same is true that the electrolytic water reaction in an alkaline system also realizes the charge transfer in the solution through the migration of hydroxide ions, and by utilizing the point, the charge transfer between the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 is mediated through the nickel-hydrogen battery 2, the decoupling of the oxygen evolution process and the hydrogen evolution process of the electrolytic water reaction can be realized. For example, after decoupling, the oxygen-producing end and the hydrogen-producing end can be separated. That is, the oxygen generating end is where the oxygen evolution electrode 11 is located, and the hydrogen generating end is where the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 is located. The reaction at the oxygen evolution electrode 11 is: the reaction at the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 is: 。
By the arrangement, the decoupling of the oxygen evolution process and the hydrogen evolution process of the electrolytic water reaction of the electrolytic tank 100 is realized, the middle of the tank body 1 does not need to use a diaphragm to conduct a circuit, the use of the diaphragm is reduced, and the use cost of the diaphragm is reduced. In addition, the energy consumption caused by higher resistance due to the use of the diaphragm is reduced, the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen during the operation of the electrolytic cell 100 is not required, and the safety risk during the use of the electrolytic cell 100 is greatly reduced. In addition, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 and the electrolytic tank 100 are integrated, so that the dual functions of electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage can be realized. The coupling means a phenomenon in which two or more systems or two or more movement patterns affect each other by interaction so as to be combined, and in the present application, means that oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction are combined together to jointly form a water decomposition reaction. Decoupling refers to separating the oxygen evolution reaction from the hydrogen evolution reaction, thereby solving the problems that occur when the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction are combined together.
According to the electrolytic tank 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the decoupling of the oxygen evolution process and the hydrogen evolution process of the electrolytic water reaction is realized by combining the charging reaction of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 with the electrolytic water reaction, so that the use of a diaphragm is reduced, and the use cost of the diaphragm is reduced. Moreover, the energy consumption caused by the diaphragm resistance is reduced, and the safety risk in the use process of the electrolytic cell 100 is greatly reduced. In addition, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 and the electrolytic tank 100 are integrated, so that the dual functions of electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy storage can be realized.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the nickel metal hydride battery 2 is in a charged state when the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are electrically connected, and the nickel metal hydride battery 2 is in a discharged state when the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are electrically disconnected. That is, in the process of generating hydrogen and oxygen by the operation of the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are in an electrically connected state, so that electrochemical reaction occurs at the negative electrode 22 and the positive electrode cell to store electric power. When the generation of oxygen and hydrogen is stopped, the electrical connection between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is disconnected, so that the nickel metal hydride battery 2 can discharge other components. At this time, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 can be connected with a load or other energy storage medium, the on-off of a circuit between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is controlled to discharge the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 outwards, and after the discharge is finished, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 return to the original state, and the next hydrogen production, oxygen production and charging are prepared, so that the whole circulation of the electrolytic tank system 300 is completed. Therefore, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 can change the working state to charge and discharge according to the different working states of the electrolytic tank 100, thereby improving the service performance of the electrolytic tank 100, improving the utilization rate of the electrolyte, ensuring the dynamic balance of the oxygen generating end and the hydrogen generating end and the smooth progress of the electrochemical reaction.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in combination with fig. 1 and 2, the electrolytic cell 100 further comprises a first relay 3, the first relay 3 being connected between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22. When the first relay 3 is energized, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is in a charged state, and when the first relay 3 is deenergized, the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is in a discharged state. Thus, by providing the first relay 3, the first relay 3 plays a role of controlling the on-off of a circuit, and the operating state of the electrolytic cell 100 can be controlled by controlling the first relay 3. That is, the charging and discharging process of the nickel metal hydride battery 2 can be controlled by the first relay 3 to facilitate the control of the electrolytic cell 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the tank body 1 includes an oxygen generation chamber 13 and a hydrogen generation chamber 14, an oxygen evolution electrode 11 and a negative electrode 22 are provided in the oxygen generation chamber 13, the hydrogen generation chamber 14 and the oxygen generation chamber 13 are independent from each other, and a hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and a positive electrode 21 are provided in the hydrogen generation chamber 14.
For example, in the example of fig. 1 and 2, the oxygen generation chamber 13 and the hydrogen generation chamber 14 have two mutually independent structures, and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the negative electrode 22 are placed in the oxygen generation chamber 13, and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the positive electrode 21 are placed in the hydrogen generation chamber 14. So set up, through two spaces of physically isolated mode with the oxygen production end of electrolysis trough 100 and hydrogen production end separation, the process that hydrogen produced and the process that oxygen produced take place in different spaces respectively, mutually independent and are associated each other again, have avoided the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, have further improved the security that electrolysis trough 100 used. In addition, the application adopts a structure that the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 are separately arranged, and the concentration rise of hydrogen at the oxygen generating end caused by power supply fluctuation is not required to be worried, so that intermittent power supplies such as photovoltaic power, wind power and the like can be better adapted. Moreover, the hydrogen-producing end and the oxygen-producing end of the electrolytic cell 100 can be performed simultaneously, thereby improving the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the oxygen generating chamber 13 includes an oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, a negative electrode plate 132 and a first connecting member 133, the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132 are respectively connected to both sides of the first connecting member 133, the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, the negative electrode plate 132 and the first connecting member 133 together define a first liquid storage space 134, the oxygen evolving electrode 11 is disposed between one side of the first connecting member 133 and a sidewall of the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, and the negative electrode 22 is disposed between the other side of the first connecting member 133 and a sidewall of the negative electrode plate 132.
For example, in the example of fig. 1 to 3, the axis of the first connector 133 in the up-down direction coincides with the central axis of the oxygen generating chamber 13, the first connector 133 is formed with a first opening 1331, the first opening 1331 penetrates both side surfaces (for example, left and right side surfaces in fig. 2 and 3) of the first connector 133 in the thickness direction, the both side surfaces of the first connector 133 in the thickness direction are respectively provided with a first step 1332, the oxygen evolution electrode 11 is fitted at the first step 1332, and a side of the oxygen evolution electrode 11 away from the first opening 1331 is in contact with the side wall of the oxygen evolution electrode 131. Similarly, the negative electrode 22 is fitted on the first stepped portion 1332 of the other side of the first connector 133, and the side surface of the negative electrode 22 away from the first opening 1331 is in contact with the side wall of the negative electrode plate, and the first reservoir space 134 is filled with an alkaline electrolyte of a specific concentration (for example, a concentration of 6mol/L to 7 mol/L). For example, the electrolytic cell 100 is an alkaline electrolytic cell. The application adopts an alkaline system, does not need to use expensive noble metal catalyst, and can be suitable for the alkaline transition metal catalyst which is currently mainstream in the market.
So configured, the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132 function as electrode supports and conducts electricity, the oxygen evolving electrode 11 and the negative electrode 22 function as electrochemical reaction catalysts, and the first connector 133 functions to seal and prevent direct contact of the cathode and anode (e.g., the oxygen evolving electrode 11 and the negative electrode 22). Further, the first connector 133 has a supporting function for the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the negative electrode 22, the oxygen evolution electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132 so that the respective components in the oxygen production chamber 13 are stably connected as a whole. In addition, the first connector 133 is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture and process. It should be noted that the shape of the first connecting member 133 or the second connecting member 143 may be specifically set according to the requirement of use, for example, the first connecting member 133 in fig. 3 is in a ring shape, and the first connecting member 133 in fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first connecting member 133 in fig. 3 along the up-down direction.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen production chamber 14 includes a hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141, a positive electrode plate 142, and a second connecting member 143, the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141 and the positive electrode plate 142 are connected to both sides of the second connecting member 143, respectively, the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141, the positive electrode plate 142, and the second connecting member 143 together define a second liquid storage space 146, the hydrogen evolving electrode 12 is disposed between one side of the second connecting member 143 and a sidewall of the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141, the positive electrode 21 is disposed between the other side of the second connecting member 143 and a sidewall of the positive electrode plate 142, and the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are electrically connected on-off through the positive electrode plate 142 and the negative electrode plate 132.
For example, in the example of fig. 1 to 3, the axis of the second connecting member 143 in the up-down direction coincides with the central axis of the hydrogen production chamber 14, the second opening 1431 is formed in the second connecting member 143, the second opening 1431 penetrates both side surfaces (for example, both left and right side surfaces in fig. 2) in the thickness direction of the second connecting member 143, the second step portions 1432 are respectively provided on both side surfaces in the thickness direction of the second connecting member 143, the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 is fitted at the second step portions 1432, and the side of the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 away from the second opening 1431 is in contact with the side wall of the hydrogen evolution electrode 141. Similarly, the positive electrode 21 is fitted on the second stepped portion 1432 on the other side of the second connection member 143, and the side surface of the positive electrode 21 away from the second opening 1431 is in contact with the side wall of the positive electrode plate, and the second liquid storage space 146 is filled with an alkaline electrolyte of a specific concentration (for example, the concentration is 6mol/L to 7 mol/L), and the electrolyte in the second liquid storage space 146 is the same as the electrolyte in the first liquid storage space 134.
So configured, the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141 and the positive electrode plate 142 function as electrode supports and conducts electricity, the hydrogen evolving electrode 12 and the positive electrode 21 function as electrochemical reaction catalysts, and the second connector 143 functions to seal and prevent direct contact of the cathode and anode (e.g., the hydrogen evolving electrode 12 and the positive electrode 21). Further, the second connection member 143 has a supporting function for the hydrogen evolving electrode 12, the positive electrode 21, the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141 and the positive plate 142, so that the respective components in the hydrogen producing chamber 14 are stably connected as a whole. In addition, the second connecting member 143 has a simple structure and is convenient to manufacture and process.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the electrolytic cell 100 further includes a second relay 4 and a third relay 5, the second relay 4 being connected between the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132, the third relay 5 being connected between the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141 and the positive electrode plate 142. When the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is in a charged state, the second relay 4 and the third relay 5 are both powered off, and when the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is in a discharged state, the second relay 4 and the third relay 5 are both powered on.
For example, when the power source supplies power to the electrolytic cell 100, the first relay 3 is controlled to be energized, and the second relay 4 and the third relay 5 are controlled to be deenergized. That is, the above process is a process in which the electrolytic cell 100 produces hydrogen and oxygen, and the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 is in a charged state. When the electrolytic tank 100 stops working, the first relay 3 can be controlled to be powered off, and the second relay 4 and the third relay 5 are powered on to discharge the nickel-metal hydride battery 2. When the second relay 4 and the third relay 5 are energized, the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 are in a short-circuit state, so that the nickel metal hydride battery 2 discharges other components. Therefore, by controlling the power-on and power-off of the second relay 4 and the third relay 5, the working states of the oxygen generating end and the hydrogen generating end can be better controlled so as to control the working process of the electrolytic cell 100 and the discharging of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2, thereby being more beneficial to the use of the electrolytic cell 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the oxygen generating chamber 13 is formed with a first inlet 135 and a first outlet 136, and the first inlet 135 and the first outlet 136 are respectively communicated with the first liquid storage space 134. The hydrogen-producing chamber 14 has a second inlet 144 and a second outlet 145 formed therein, the second inlet 144 and the second outlet 145 being in communication with a second liquid storage space 146, respectively.
For example, in the example of fig. 3, the first inlet 135 is formed at the lower portion of the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, the first outlet 136 is formed at the upper portion of the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, the first connecting member 133 is formed with first and second through holes 1333 and 1334, the first and second through holes 1333 and 1334 are located at both radial sides of the first opening 1331, respectively, the first through hole 1333 is opposite to the first inlet 135, and the second through hole 1334 is opposite to the first outlet 136. When the electrolytic tank 100 operates, electrolyte may flow from the first inlet 135 into the first liquid storage space 134, and may flow between the negative electrode 22 and the inner wall of the negative electrode plate 132 through the first perforation 1333. Oxygen generated in the oxygen generation chamber 13 may flow out of the oxygen generation chamber 13 through the first outlet 136, and oxygen located between the negative electrode 22 and the negative electrode plate 132 may flow to the first outlet 136 through the second perforation 1334. Thus, the provision of the first inlet 135 and the first outlet 136 facilitates inflow of electrolyte and outflow of oxygen, thereby facilitating normal use of the electrolytic cell 100. In addition, the positions of the first inlet 135 and the first outlet 136 are reasonably arranged, so that the occupation of the space in the oxygen generating chamber 13 by the first inlet 135 and the first outlet 136 is reduced, and the arrangement of the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the cathode electrode 22 and the like is facilitated.
For example, in the example of fig. 2, the second inlet 144 is formed at the lower portion of the hydrogen separation plate 141, the second outlet 145 is formed at the upper portion of the hydrogen separation plate 141, and the second connection member 143 is formed with third and fourth through holes, which are respectively located at both radial sides of the second opening 1431, the third through hole being opposite to the second inlet 144, and the fourth through hole being opposite to the second outlet 145. When the electrolytic cell 100 is operated, the electrolyte may flow into the second liquid storage space 146 from the second inlet 144, and may flow between the positive electrode 21 and the inner wall of the positive electrode plate 142 through the third penetration hole. The hydrogen gas generated in hydrogen production chamber 14 may flow out of hydrogen production chamber 14 through second outlet 145, and the hydrogen gas located between positive electrode 21 and positive electrode plate 142 may flow to second outlet 145 through the fourth perforations. Thus, the provision of the second inlet 144 and the second outlet 145 facilitates inflow of the electrolyte and outflow of the hydrogen gas, thereby facilitating normal use of the electrolytic cell 100. In addition, the positions of the second inlet 144 and the second outlet 145 are reasonably arranged, so that the occupation of the second inlet 144 and the second outlet 145 in the space in the hydrogen production chamber 14 is reduced, and the arrangement of the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, the positive electrode 21 and the like is facilitated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first connector 133 and/or the second connector 143 comprise a modified polytetrafluoroethylene. That is, the first and second connection members 133 and 143 may be made of a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material. So set up, improved the corrosion resistance of first connecting piece 133 and second connecting piece 143, first connecting piece 133 and second connecting piece 143 are not fragile in alkaline electrolyte for a long time soaking, have prolonged the life of first connecting piece 133 and second connecting piece 143. Of course, the first connecting member 133 and/or the second connecting member 143 may be made of other materials according to the usage requirement.
Alternatively, the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131, the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141, the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate 142 may be circular or rectangular, for example square, and the material may be stainless steel, and the surface layer is nickel plated. By the arrangement, the durability of the oxygen-evolving pole plate 131, the hydrogen-evolving pole plate 141, the negative pole plate and the positive pole plate 142 is improved, the oxygen-evolving pole plate 131, the hydrogen-evolving pole plate 141, the negative pole plate and the positive pole plate 142 are beneficial to being used stably for a long time, and the service life is prolonged. In addition, by plating nickel on the surface layer, the contact resistance between the oxygen evolution electrode plate 131, the hydrogen evolution electrode plate 141, the negative electrode plate, and the positive electrode plate 142 and the corresponding electrodes (the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the negative electrode 22, and the positive electrode 21) can be reduced, while avoiding self-corrosion caused by the formation of a galvanic cell of the iron element in the stainless steel and the nickel element in the electrodes.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and/or the oxygen evolution electrode 11 are foam-like, mesh-like, felt-like or plate-like materials. And/or the positive electrode 21 and/or the negative electrode 22 are foam-like material, mesh-like material, felt-like material, or plate-like material. That is, the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 can be made of materials of different shapes depending on the use requirements, and the variety of choices of the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, the oxygen evolution electrode 11, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 is improved. Of course, the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 may be made of the same material or different materials, and the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 may be made of the same material or different materials.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and/or oxygen evolution electrode 11 are an alloy of at least one of carbon, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium, and iridium, or at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium, and iridium with at least one of aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. That is, the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the oxygen evolution electrode 11 may be made of carbon materials, transition metal materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, noble metal materials such as platinum, ruthenium, iridium, or alloy materials of these metals with non-metals such as aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. The arrangement is beneficial to the smooth progress of the electrode reaction at the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 and the electrode reaction at the oxygen evolution electrode 11, thereby being beneficial to the normal use of the electrolytic cell 100.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, positive electrode 21 is nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide and negative electrode 22 is a hydrogen storage alloy. For example, when the positive electrode 21 is nickel oxide, the chemical reaction at the positive electrode 21 is: the total reaction at the hydrogen-producing end is: the reaction at the negative electrode 22 is: The total reaction at the oxygen generating end is: . The overall reaction of the cell 100 is: 。
The arrangement is beneficial to the normal reaction at the oxygen evolution electrode 11 and the hydrogen evolution electrode 12, and the electrochemical reaction at the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 of the nickel-hydrogen battery 2, so that the hydrogen production and the oxygen production of the electrolytic cell 100 and the charging of the nickel-hydrogen battery 2 are facilitated, and the service performance of the electrolytic cell 100 is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen storage alloy comprises at least one of a titanium-based alloy, a magnesium-based alloy, a zirconium-based alloy, a lanthanide rare earth alloy, and an iron-nickel based alloy. Thus, by using the above alloy, the electrochemical reaction at the negative electrode 22 can be smoothly performed. In addition, the hydrogen storage alloy can effectively absorb hydrogen elements, avoid or inhibit a small amount of hydrogen evolution on the negative electrode 22, and further avoid the increase of the hydrogen content in oxygen in the oxygen production chamber 13, thereby improving the safety and the purity of oxygen products.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the hydrogen storage alloy comprises a metal organic framework, an alloy organic framework, or a carbon-based material.
For example, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials formed by coordination bonds between Metal ions or Metal clusters and organic ligands. They have a highly ordered pore structure and an adjustable chemical composition. The metal organic frameworks include high-entropy metal organic frameworks and non-high-entropy metal organic frameworks. MOFs are considered potential hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage field due to their porosity and adjustable chemical environment. They can store hydrogen by means of physical adsorption under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
The alloy organic frame objects comprise high-entropy alloy organic frame objects and non-high-entropy alloy organic frame objects. High-entropy alloys (High-Entropy Alloys, HEAs for short) are a class of alloys consisting of five or more major elements in nearly equiatomic ratios. Unlike conventional alloys, high entropy alloys do not rely on one or more major elements, but rather form materials with unique properties by mixing multiple elements. The characteristics of the high-entropy alloy include high entropy effect: this increases the degree of confusion and entropy of the alloy due to the close concentrations of the elements in the alloy, which may affect the microstructure and properties of the alloy. Excellent mechanical properties: many high entropy alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high strength, good plasticity and stability at high temperatures. Unique microstructure: high entropy alloys typically have a simple single phase solid solution structure, unlike the multiphase structure common in conventional alloys. Corrosion resistance: some high entropy alloys exhibit good corrosion resistance, which makes them potentially useful in extreme environments. Oxidation resistance: the high-entropy alloy has better oxidation resistance at high temperature, so that the high-entropy alloy has potential application in the fields of aerospace and the like. The adjustability: the performance of the high-entropy alloy can be adjusted by changing the proportion of each element in the alloy so as to adapt to different application requirements. In the field of hydrogen storage alloys, both Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) show respective potential applications and research advances.
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are of great interest in energy storage materials because of their porosity, versatility, structural diversity and controllability of chemical composition. The use of MOF composites in batteries and supercapacitors, especially when they are combined with different functional materials, such as MOF/carbonaceous materials, MOF/polymers, MOF/MXene and the like, exhibits improved electrochemical performance. The High Entropy Alloy (HEAs) provides novel and adaptable active sites due to its properties of being composed of five or more elements, which exhibit excellent properties in electrocatalytic reactions. HEAs find diverse applications in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions, including hydrogen generation reactions (HER), oxygen Reduction Reactions (ORR), and the like.
The carbon-based material is a generic term for a composite material in which a ceramic fiber (fabric) such as carbon fiber (fabric) or silicon carbide is used as a reinforcement and carbon is used as a matrix. Thus, by using the negative electrode 22 made of the above-described material, the negative electrode 22 has good usability. In addition, the hydrogen storage capacity of the negative electrode 22 can be improved by adopting the hydrogen storage alloy, so that the energy density of the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 can be improved, and the situation that the nickel-metal hydride battery 2 needs to be frequently switched to a discharge state due to full charge is avoided.
The non-diaphragm decoupling type electrolytic cell 100 of the present application can avoid the negative effects caused by the use of the diaphragm, including the cost of the diaphragm itself, the increase of energy consumption caused by the diaphragm resistance, the risk of mixing hydrogen and oxygen caused by the poor isolation performance of the diaphragm, the difficulty in adapting to rapid renewable energy fluctuation, etc. Meanwhile, by introducing the nickel-hydrogen battery 2, the dual functions of hydrogen production and energy storage can be realized, and the energy stored in the nickel-hydrogen battery 2 and the chemical energy in the hydrogen can be released in the electricity utilization peak period so as to relieve the pressure of a power grid.
The joints of the positive electrode plate 142, the negative electrode plate 132, the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the hydrogen evolving electrode plate 141 with the corresponding first connecting piece 133 and second connecting piece 143 are respectively provided with sealing pieces, which may be sealing lines. For example, sealing lines of different shapes may be designed, and the sealing lines deform the first connector 133 and the second connector 143 by pressing, thereby preventing gas and liquid from escaping. That is, by providing the sealing member, the contact area between the side surface of the first connector 133 and the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132 is increased, and the sealing member fills the gap between the side surface of the first connector 133 and the oxygen evolving electrode plate 131 and the negative electrode plate 132, so that the outflow of oxygen generated in the oxygen generating chamber 13 from the gap can be avoided, and the sealing performance of the oxygen generating chamber 13 is improved. Likewise, the sealing performance of hydrogen generation chamber 14 is also improved, enhancing the performance of electrolyzer 100.
An electrolytic cell stack 200 according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, in combination with fig. 4, comprises a plurality of electrolytic cells 100 according to the embodiment of the first aspect described above, the plurality of electrolytic cells 100 being connected in series or in parallel. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more.
According to the electrolytic cell group 200 of the embodiment of the invention, after the plurality of electrolytic cells 100 are connected in series or in parallel, the hydrogen production and the electricity storage capacity of the single electrolytic cell group 200 can be increased, so that the usability of the electrolytic cell group 200 is improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the plurality of electrolytic cells 100 are connected in series, the insides of the oxygen producing chambers 13 of the plurality of electrolytic cells 100 communicate with each other, the insides of the hydrogen producing chambers 14 of the plurality of electrolytic cells 100 communicate with each other, and the negative electrode 22 of the oxygen producing chamber 13 near the center of the electrolytic cell group 200 and the positive electrode 21 of the hydrogen producing chamber 14 near the center of the electrolytic cell group 200 are electrically connected on-off, and the oxygen evolving electrode 11 of the oxygen producing chamber 13 far from the center of the electrolytic cell group 200 and the hydrogen evolving electrode 12 of the hydrogen producing chamber 14 far from the center of the electrolytic cell group 200 are electrically connected.
For example, in the example of fig. 4, the stack 200 includes three cells 100, each cell 100 including one oxygen production chamber 13 and one hydrogen production chamber 14. The three oxygen producing chambers 13 are arranged in sequence, and the first liquid storage spaces 134 of the adjacent two oxygen producing chambers 13 are communicated with each other. The three hydrogen producing chambers 14 are arranged in sequence, and the second liquid storage spaces 146 of two adjacent hydrogen producing chambers 14 are communicated with each other. The negative electrode 22 of one oxygen producing chamber 13 of the three oxygen producing chambers 13, which is close to the hydrogen producing chamber 14, is electrically connected with the positive electrode 21 of the adjacent hydrogen producing chamber 14 in a switchable manner. The oxygen evolution electrode 11 of one oxygen generation chamber 13 farthest from the hydrogen generation chamber 14 among the three oxygen generation chambers 13 is connected with the hydrogen evolution electrode 12 of the one hydrogen generation chamber 14 farthest from the oxygen generation chamber 13 through a power supply. The electrolyte after the series connection flows into the corresponding first liquid storage space 134 and the second liquid storage space 146 from the outermost oxygen producing chamber 13 and the hydrogen producing chamber 14 respectively, and the generated oxygen and hydrogen flow out from the corresponding first outlet 136 and second outlet 145 respectively. Thus, three cells 100 are connected in series to form the cell stack 200, and the hydrogen production of the cell stack 200 is improved. The two adjacent oxygen producing chambers 13 and hydrogen producing chambers 14 can be fastened by bolts or presses.
If the adaptability of the electrolytic tank 100 to the photovoltaic power supply, wind power supply and other requirements are considered, the plurality of oxygen generation chambers 13 and the hydrogen generation chambers 14 can be combined in parallel so as to achieve wide adjustment of the load factor under the condition of constant current density. The dynamic response capability of the parallel-connection type electrolytic cell group 200 is far higher than that of the series-connection type electrolytic cell group, when the external power supply power is reduced, the operation of the electrolytic cell 100 can be maintained by reducing the current density, and the high current density can be maintained by closing part of the channels of the electrolytic cell 100, so that the pressure of a rectifier is greatly relieved, and in theory, the response capability of the structure can be precisely on and off of a single oxygen generation chamber 13 or a hydrogen generation chamber 14.
The core of the cell stack 200 is the cell 100. The power source converts the power of the power grid or renewable energy source into stable direct current to be supplied to the electrolytic cell 100, and simultaneously the alkaline pump pumps the electrolyte into the electrolytic cell 100, and the electrolytic cell 100 separates the water in the electrolyte into oxygen and hydrogen, and the two gases are discharged from the corresponding first outlet 136 or the second outlet 145 along with the electrolyte.
An electrolysis cell system 300 according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, referring to fig. 5, comprises an electrolysis cell 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect described above, or an electrolysis cell stack 200 according to an embodiment of the second aspect described above.
According to the electrolytic cell system 300 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the control of the electrolytic cell system 300 is facilitated by adopting the electrolytic cell 100 or the electrolytic cell group 200, and the service performance of the electrolytic cell system 300 is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in conjunction with fig. 5, the electrolyzer system 300 includes a plurality of electrolyzers 100 or electrolyzer stacks 200, a gas-liquid separation module 301, a gas purification module 302, a filtration module 303, a cooling module 304, a power module 305, an electrolyte module 306, and a control module 307.
As shown in fig. 5, the operation of the electrolyzer system 300 is generally as follows:
electrolyte of a specific concentration (for example, a concentration of 1mol/L to 7mol/L, preferably 6mol/L to 7 mol/L) in the electrolyte module 306 flows into the electrolytic tank 100 by a lye pump in the electrolyte module 306, and an electrolytic water reaction and a charging reaction of the nickel-hydrogen battery 2 occur in the electrolytic tank 100. Then, the gas-liquid mixture flows out together with the generated oxygen and hydrogen (i.e. the gas-liquid mixture in fig. 5), solid impurities in the electrolyte are filtered by the filtering module 303, the obtained gas-liquid mixture enters the gas-liquid separation module 301, separation of gas and most of electrolyte is completed in the gas-liquid separation module 301, and a large amount of electrolyte flows back to the cooling module 304 for cooling. The gas and a small amount of unseparated high-temperature electrolyte enter a gas purification module 302 to finish further purification, a purified gas discharge system enters a storage medium or is directly used, a small amount of separated electrolyte enters a cooling module 304 to be cooled, the cooled electrolyte enters an electrolyte module 306 to carry out concentration measurement, alkali liquor is supplemented when the concentration is too low, and raw water is supplemented when the concentration is too high for standby. When the electrolytic tank 100 produces hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen and oxygen flow into the electrolytic tank 100 through the alkaline pump again, so as to finish one cycle.
Wherein the power module 305 simultaneously powers both the electrolyzer 100 and the control module 307. The power source of the power module 305 mainly derives from renewable energy sources for power generation, including solar power generation, wind power generation, and the like, and may also be assisted by using a power grid or other forms of power sources.
The control module 307 comprises a power distribution cabinet (not shown), a control cabinet (not shown) and an instrument cabinet (not shown), and the control module 307 is responsible for power supply control, valve control, pump control and monitoring and alarming of instruments and meters of the whole system. The control module 307 is in communication with the electrolyzer 100, the gas-liquid separation module 301, the gas purification module 302, the cooling module 304, and the electrolyte module 306, respectively, to facilitate control of the electrolyzer 100, the gas-liquid separation module 301, the gas purification module 302, the cooling module 304, and the electrolyte module 306 by the control module 307, thereby facilitating use and control of the electrolyzer system 300.
Optionally, the gas-liquid separation module 301 mainly includes an oxygen gas-liquid separator (not shown) and a hydrogen gas-liquid separator (not shown), one end of the gas-liquid separation module 301 is connected to the filtering module 303, and the other end of the gas-liquid separation module 301 is connected to the gas purifying module 302, so as to implement preliminary separation of oxygen, hydrogen and electrolyte. In addition, the oxygen and the hydrogen are separated independently, so that the oxygen and the hydrogen are not easy to mix, and the use and purification of the hydrogen and the oxygen are facilitated.
Optionally, the gas purification module 302 mainly includes an oxygen purification device (not shown) and a hydrogen purification device (not shown), one end of the gas purification module 302 is connected to the oxygen gas-liquid separator and the hydrogen gas-liquid separator, respectively, and the other end of the gas purification module 302 outputs high-purity oxygen and hydrogen, so as to implement purification treatment of the oxygen and the hydrogen.
Optionally, one end of the filtering module 303 is respectively connected with the first outlet 136 of the oxygen generating chamber 13 and the second outlet 145 of the hydrogen generating chamber 14, and the other end of the filtering module 303 is connected with the gas-liquid separating module 301, so that filtering of solid impurities in the electrolyte is realized.
Optionally, the cooling module 304 uses liquid cooling, and the cooling liquid is demineralized water. One end of the cooling module 304 is connected with the other ends of the gas-liquid separation module 301 and the gas purification module 302 respectively, and the other ends of the cooling module 304 are connected with an alkali liquor tank of the electrolyte module 306, so that cooling treatment of the electrolyte is realized.
The electrolyte module 306 mainly includes an alkaline solution tank and an alkaline solution pump, the alkaline solution tank may be made of anticorrosive materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, one end of the electrolyte module 306 is connected to the other end of the cooling module 304, the other end of the electrolyte module 306 is connected to the first inlet 135 and the second inlet 144 via the alkaline solution pump, and an alkaline solution concentration measuring device (not shown) is provided in the alkaline solution tank to detect the concentration of the electrolyte. When the alkali liquor concentration is too high, raw water needs to be supplemented, and the raw water is ultrapure water. When the concentration of the lye is too low, it is necessary to supplement it with a base, which may be analytically pure potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
Other configurations and operations of the cell 100, cell stack 200, and cell system 300 according to embodiments of the invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (14)
1. An electrolytic cell, comprising:
the device comprises a tank body, wherein an oxygen evolution electrode and a hydrogen evolution electrode are arranged in the tank body, the oxygen evolution electrode is electrically connected with the hydrogen evolution electrode, the tank body comprises an oxygen generation chamber and a hydrogen generation chamber, the oxygen evolution electrode is arranged in the oxygen generation chamber, the hydrogen generation chamber and the oxygen generation chamber are mutually independent, and the hydrogen evolution electrode is arranged in the hydrogen generation chamber;
the nickel-hydrogen battery is arranged in the groove body and comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the cathode electrode is arranged in the oxygen production chamber, the anode electrode is arranged in the hydrogen production chamber, and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are electrically connected in an on-off manner;
the nickel-metal hydride battery is in a charging state when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected, and in a discharging state when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically disconnected.
2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 further comprising:
A first relay connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
When the first relay is electrified, the nickel-hydrogen battery is in the charging state, and when the first relay is powered off, the nickel-hydrogen battery is in the discharging state.
3. The electrolyzer of claim 1 wherein the oxygen generating chamber comprises an oxygen evolving plate, a negative plate and a first connector, the oxygen evolving plate and the negative plate being connected to two sides of the first connector respectively, the oxygen evolving plate, the negative plate and the first connector together defining a first liquid storage space, the oxygen evolving electrode being disposed between one side of the first connector and a side wall of the oxygen evolving plate, the negative electrode being disposed between the other side of the first connector and a side wall of the negative plate;
The hydrogen production chamber comprises a hydrogen separation polar plate, a positive plate and a second connecting piece, wherein the hydrogen separation polar plate and the positive plate are respectively connected with two sides of the second connecting piece, the hydrogen separation polar plate, the positive plate and the second connecting piece jointly define a second liquid storage space, a hydrogen separation electrode is arranged between one side of the second connecting piece and the side wall of the hydrogen separation polar plate, a positive electrode is arranged between the other side of the second connecting piece and the side wall of the positive plate, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected on-off through the positive plate and the negative plate.
4. A cell according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second relay connected between the oxygen evolving electrode plate and the negative plate;
the third relay is connected between the hydrogen evolution polar plate and the positive plate;
When the nickel-hydrogen battery is in a charging state, the second relay and the third relay are both powered off, and when the nickel-hydrogen battery is in a discharging state, the second relay and the third relay are both powered on.
5. An electrolysis cell according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen generating chamber has a first inlet and a first outlet formed therein, the first inlet and the first outlet communicating with the first liquid storage space respectively;
the hydrogen production chamber is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, and the second inlet and the second outlet are respectively communicated with the second liquid storage space.
6. An electrolysis cell according to claim 3, wherein the first and/or second connector comprises a modified polytetrafluoroethylene.
7. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that the hydrogen evolution electrode and/or the oxygen evolution electrode is a foam, mesh, felt or plate material; and/or
The positive electrode and/or the negative electrode is made of a foam material, a mesh material, a felt material, or a plate material.
8. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that the hydrogen evolving electrode and/or the oxygen evolving electrode is at least one of carbon, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium and iridium or an alloy material of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, platinum, ruthenium and iridium with at least one of aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.
9. The electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the positive electrode is nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide;
the negative electrode is a hydrogen storage alloy.
10. The electrolyzer of claim 9 wherein the hydrogen storage alloy comprises at least one of a titanium-based alloy, a magnesium-based alloy, a zirconium-based alloy, a lanthanide rare earth alloy, and an iron-nickel based alloy.
11. The electrolyzer of claim 9 wherein the hydrogen storage alloy comprises a metal organic framework, an alloy organic framework, or a carbon-based material.
12. A stack of cells, comprising a plurality of cells according to any one of claims 1-11, a plurality of said cells being connected in series or in parallel.
13. The cell stack of claim 12, wherein when a plurality of the cells are connected in series, the interiors of the oxygen producing chambers of the plurality of cells are in communication with each other, the interiors of the hydrogen producing chambers of the plurality of cells are in communication with each other, and the negative electrode of the oxygen producing chamber near the center of the cell stack and the positive electrode of the hydrogen producing chamber near the center of the cell stack are electrically connected on-off, and the oxygen evolving electrode of the oxygen producing chamber far from the center of the cell stack and the hydrogen evolving electrode of the hydrogen producing chamber far from the center of the cell stack are electrically connected.
14. An electrolysis cell system comprising an electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or a stack according to claim 12 or 13.
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| CN105463497A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-04-06 | 复旦大学 | Battery device capable of electrolyzing water for making hydrogen |
| CN113774417A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Water electrolysis device for producing hydrogen and oxygen by bipolar capacitance instead of ion diaphragm separation |
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| CN114032571B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | Integrated system and method for coupling step-by-step water electrolysis device and water system battery |
| CN114959759B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2024-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | A photovoltaic-driven step-by-step hydrogen-oxygen-electricity cogeneration device and method |
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| CN105463497A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-04-06 | 复旦大学 | Battery device capable of electrolyzing water for making hydrogen |
| CN113774417A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Water electrolysis device for producing hydrogen and oxygen by bipolar capacitance instead of ion diaphragm separation |
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