CN118597426A - A shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for ejection seat - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a damping buffer mechanism for an ejection seat, and belongs to the technical field of ejection seats. The damping buffer mechanism comprises an ejection seat, an adjustable plug structure, a neck protection module and a linkage tensioning mechanism, wherein the neck protection module and the linkage tensioning mechanism are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. According to the application, the upper and lower linkage tensioning mechanism and the neck protection module which are configured through the adjustable plug structure can utilize the characteristics similar to the lever principle, after the ejection seat is ejected, the body of the ejection seat is clung to the first protection cushion block under the action of reaction force, the second protection cushion blocks on the two sides of the top are pulled down to support the head, so that the head is effectively damped and buffered, when the head or the helmet is leaned against the surface of the head, the second protection cushion blocks on the two sides are tightened from the two sides to the middle, and the inner damping spring sleeve is matched to counteract huge load in the ejection process, and the neck vertebra of a pilot is stabilized, so that the damping and buffering effects of the head or the helmet are further improved.

Description

A shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for ejection seat

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of ejection seats, and more particularly to a shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat.

Background Art

As the name suggests, an ejection seat is a seat that can be ejected outwards. It can be ejected out of the cabin by relying on the power device under the seat, and then cooperate with the open parachute to allow the pilot to land safely. It is a seat-type life-saving device. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the ejection seat has developed into a fully automatic program device in modern times. The pilot only needs to pull the ejection handle, and everything from ejecting from the seat to landing by parachute will be automatically completed according to the program.

The components of the fully automatic ejection seat in the prior art generally include a cover ejection device, an ejection device, etc., and the structure is relatively complex. It not only has an ejection power system, but also is equipped with an emergency oxygen supply system and a shock absorbing and buffering system to further ensure the safety of the pilot. The shock absorbing and buffering module is used to support the pilot's waist and hips to offset the load generated during the ejection process.

However, after the seat is ejected, it is not only the waist and hips that are actually under force, but also the neck. The cervical vertebra is the part of the spine closest to the head and has a relatively large range of motion. It involves the highest nerve center of the central nervous system and is therefore more fragile. However, in the prior art, most of the cushioning protection for the cervical vertebra can only rely on a neck pillow. When ejected outward, the high-intensity impact force will cause the cervical vertebra to directly hit the pillow, and due to inertia, the cervical vertebra will be lifted outward, causing the head to tilt directly upward, and the tilted head does not have a corresponding protective end, so it cannot provide a good shock-absorbing and buffering effect.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat.

Summary of the invention

In view of the problem that the ejection seat in the prior art cannot provide a good shock absorbing and buffering effect on the pilot's neck, an object of the present invention is to provide a shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for the ejection seat.

To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat, comprising an ejection seat; an adjustable plug-in structure is installed at the upper side of the back of the ejection seat, and the outer side of the adjustable plug-in structure extends to the front side of the ejection seat; a neck protection module and a linkage tensioning mechanism are sequentially arranged on the adjustable plug-in structure from bottom to top;

A U-shaped opening is provided at the middle position of the top of the ejection seat, the adjustable plug-in structure comprises a socket sleeve frame and a plug-in plate, the socket sleeve frame is arranged at the back side of the U-shaped opening and is fixedly connected to the U-shaped opening, the plug-in plate is inserted into the socket sleeve frame, the neck protection module comprises a U-shaped open frame arranged at the lower side of the front end of the plug-in plate, and the linkage tensioning mechanism comprises a guide rail slot frame arranged at the upper side of the front end of the plug-in plate;

Among them, symmetrical second protective pads are arranged on both sides of the guide rail slot frame, and a first protective pad is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped open frame. When the first protective pad fits the neck and is pushed backward, it drives the second protective pads on both sides of the upper part to tighten toward the middle to support the head for shock absorption and buffering.

Optionally, a plurality of openings are sequentially provided on the surface of the plug plate from top to bottom, a socket is provided on the side wall of the socket frame, the opening of the plug plate and the socket of the socket frame are fixed by inserting positioning pins, and a U-shaped outer flap is movably hinged on the top of the plug plate.

Optionally, a flip block is movably hinged inside the outer U-shaped opening end of the U-shaped outer flap; a tightening bolt is rotatably installed on the side of the hinged end of the flip block, and the tightening bolt is used to control the tightness of the flip block. Electric telescopic rods are respectively fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the flip block.

Optionally, the U-shaped open frame is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod on the lower side of the flip block, and a first protective pad is fixedly connected to the outer open end of the U-shaped open frame, and an opening is provided in the middle position of the surface of the first protective pad; the opening of the first protective pad is fixedly connected to a mesh layer.

Optionally, an adsorption fan is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the first protective pad block, the adsorption end of the adsorption fan is in contact with the mesh layer, a breathable slot frame is fixedly installed at the middle position of the rear surface of the U-shaped open frame, and airbag blocks are fixedly installed on both side ends of the breathable slot frame.

Optionally, the guide rail slot frame is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod on the upper side of the flip block, and a two-way threaded rod is movably installed horizontally at the inner middle position of the guide rail slot frame, one side of the two-way threaded rod penetrates through the side wall of the guide rail slot frame and the same side end of the two-way screw rod is fixedly connected with an adjustment buckle, and nut U-shaped sleeve blocks are installed at symmetrical positions at both ends of the inner slot of the guide rail slot frame through the engagement of the two-way threaded rod.

Optionally, an arc-shaped flip plate that is tilted outward and opened is movably hinged in the outer U-shaped groove of the nut U-shaped sleeve block, and flip joints are fixedly installed at both ends of the upper side of the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate. The outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate is movably installed with a second protective pad via the flip joints on both sides.

Optionally, shock-absorbing spring sleeves corresponding to the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate are fixedly installed at both ends of the inner side of the second protective pad block, and the second protective pad block as a whole is an arc block structure that is concave from top to bottom toward the back.

Optionally, one end of the arc-shaped flip plate away from the hinged end of the nut U-shaped sleeve block is fixedly connected to a flip sleeve, two limit rods are fixedly connected to the middle position of the back side of the guide rail slot frame, and a sleeve bracket is slidably sleeved on the outer surface of the limit rod.

Optionally, the sleeve bracket is an H-shaped structure as a whole, and a return spring is fixedly connected between the inner side of the sleeve bracket and the back side of the guide rail slot bracket, one end of the return spring is connected to the back side of the guide rail slot bracket, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the sleeve bracket, and hinged plates connected to the flip sleeve are movably installed on both sides of the sleeve bracket.

Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

In the above scheme, the upper and lower linkage tensioning mechanism and the neck protection module are configured through the adjustable plug-in structure. The first protection pads and the second protection pads at both ends can utilize the characteristics similar to the lever principle. After the ejection seat is ejected, the body will be tightly attached to the first protection pad under the action of the reaction force, and the second protection pads on both sides of the top will be pulled down to support the head, so as to effectively reduce shock and buffer.

Through the flipping action of the arc-shaped flip plate hinged by the nut U-shaped sleeve in the linkage tensioning mechanism, when the head or helmet is against its surface, the second protective pads on both sides will be tightened from both sides to the middle, and cooperate with the shock-absorbing spring sleeve on the inside to offset the huge load during the ejection process and stabilize the pilot's cervical spine, further improving its shock-absorbing and buffering effect;

Through the flip block between the neck protection module and the linkage tensioning mechanism, and using the electric telescopic rods separately configured on the upper and lower surfaces, the interval between the protection ends on both sides can be changed according to different environments and pilots of different body shapes during actual use. Furthermore, the interval between the second protection pads on both sides can be changed by adjusting the bidirectional threaded rod, thereby increasing the overall adaptability and controllable effect of the shock absorbing end, and more accurately controlling the position of the load force offsetting end during the shock absorbing and buffering process.

Through the design of the mesh layer on the surface of the first protective pad block, not only can the arc-shaped block make its protective surface support the neck with a relatively taut elastic layer, which is different from the traditional sponge block and can more effectively remove the impact force, but it can also cooperate with the adsorption fan to stably adsorb the back of the neck, further improving its shock-absorbing and buffering effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable those skilled in the relevant art to make and use the invention.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the rear side structure of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the neck protection module and the linkage tensioning mechanism of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable plug-in structure of the present invention in a disassembled state;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a neck protection module of the present invention in a disassembled state;

FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a linkage tensioning mechanism of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single arc-shaped flip plate of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve bracket of the present invention.

[Reference Symbols]

1. Ejection seat;

2. Adjustable plug-in structure; 21. Socket frame; 22. Plug-in plate; 23. Positioning pin; 24. U-shaped outer flap; 25. Flip block; 26. Tightening bolt; 27. Electric telescopic rod;

3. Neck protection module; 31. U-shaped open frame; 32. First protection pad; 33. Gauze layer; 34. Adsorption fan; 35. Breathable slot frame; 36. Airbag block;

4. Linkage tensioning mechanism; 41. Guide rail slot frame; 42. Bidirectional threaded rod; 43. Adjustment buckle; 44. Nut U-shaped sleeve; 45. Arc-shaped flip plate; 46. Flip joint; 47. Second protective pad; 48. Shock-absorbing spring sleeve; 49. Flip sleeve; 410. Limit rod; 411. Sleeve bracket; 412. Reset spring; 413. Hinge plate.

As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are listed as the best and preferred embodiments, and other alternatives can also be used by technicians in some known technical fields; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

It will be understood that the meanings of “on,” “over,” and “above” in the present invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, so that “on” not only means “directly on” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with intervening features or layers therebetween, and “on” or “over” not only means “on” or “above” something, but also includes the meaning of being “on” or “above” something with no intervening features or layers therebetween.

Additionally, spatially relative terms such as "under," "beneath," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like may be used herein for descriptive convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or features, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may be similarly interpreted accordingly.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat, comprising an ejection seat 1; an adjustable plug-in structure 2 is installed at the upper back side of the ejection seat 1, and the outer side of the adjustable plug-in structure 2 extends to the front side of the ejection seat 1; and a neck protection module 3 for protecting the neck and a linkage tensioning mechanism 4 for buffering the head are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;

A U-shaped opening is provided at the middle position of the upper side of the ejection seat 1, the adjustable plug-in structure 2 includes a socket sleeve frame 21 fixedly connected to the rear side of the U-shaped opening and a plug-in plate 22 inserted therein, the neck protection module 3 includes a U-shaped open frame 31 arranged at the lower side of the front end of the plug-in plate 22, and the linkage tensioning mechanism 4 includes a guide rail slot frame 41 arranged at the upper side of the front end of the plug-in plate 22;

Among them, symmetrical second protection pads 47 are arranged on both sides of the guide groove frame 41, and the first protection pad 32 is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped open frame 31. When the first protection pad 32 fits the neck and is pushed backward, it drives the second protection pads 47 on both sides of the upper part to tighten toward the middle to support the head for shock absorption and buffering.

By adopting the above technical solution, the problem that the ejection seat 1 in the prior art cannot play a good shock-absorbing and buffering role for the pilot's neck can be solved. The above technical solution mainly consists of an ejection seat 1, an adjustable plug-in structure 2, a neck protection module 3 and a linkage tensioning mechanism 4. The ejection seat 1 is a conventional ejection seat in the prior art, equipped with a corresponding ejection device and an automatic ejection program, a parachute and other inherent configurations. The difference is that a U-shaped opening is opened on the backrest of the seat, and the neck protection module 3 has a U-shaped opening on the backrest of the seat. A protective pad 32 is located at the front side of the U-shaped opening, and because the U-shaped open frame 31 is an overall U-shaped open shape, the U-shaped open frame 31 will be inserted into the opening when squeezed, so that it can use the ejection seat 1 as a buffer end, and the U-shaped opening on the ejection seat 1 can also provide space for the subsequent U-shaped open frame 31 to be pushed inward and backward. When the U-shaped open frame 31 is pushed inward and backward, the second protective pad 47 on the upper side will be sent forward due to the effect of the lever principle to clamp the head leaning back for shock absorption and buffering.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the surface of the plug plate 22 is provided with a plurality of openings in sequence from top to bottom, and the side of the socket frame 21 is provided with sockets corresponding to the openings provided on the plug plate 22; and positioning pins 23 corresponding to the openings provided on the plug plate 22 are inserted and installed on the sockets; a U-shaped outer flap 24 is movably hinged on the front side of the plug plate 22; and a bolt for controlling its tightness is rotatably installed on the side of the hinged end.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a flip block 25 is movably hinged inside the outer U-shaped opening end of the U-shaped outer flap 24; and a tightening bolt 26 for controlling its tightness is rotatably installed on the side of its hinged end, and electric telescopic rods 27 are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the flip block 25.

As in the aforementioned embodiment, the adjustable plug-in structure 2 is used to act as a lever, which is specifically as follows: according to actual conditions, the plug-in plate 22 can be inserted into the socket sleeve frame 21, and the opening at the corresponding position on the plug-in plate 22 is aligned with the socket on the side of the socket sleeve frame 21, and the positioning pin 23 is used for positioning and fixing, so that the U-shaped outer flap 24 extending outward is parked at a suitable position on the front side of the ejection seat 1. During use, the tightness of the hinged end can be adjusted by rotating the bolts at the hinged position of the U-shaped outer flap 24 and the plug-in plate 22 and the tightening bolts 26 on the outside of the U-shaped outer flap 24. When the hinged end is loosened, it can be rotated accordingly to change the inclination angle of the outer member, further improving the controllable effect of the outer flip block 25, so that it can be extended at different inclination angles, and when the hinged end is tightened, the hinged end can be fixed;

Among them, the configured electric telescopic rod 27 is an electric telescopic device in the prior art, which is used to control the actual extension length of its output end component. The bolt configured at the hinged position has the same structure as the tightening bolt 26, both of which are bolt sleeve structures in the prior art, and the tightening degree of the hinged end can be changed by tightening or loosening.

As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the U-shaped open frame 31 is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod 27 on the lower side of the flip block 25, and a first protective pad 32 is fixedly connected to the outer open end of the U-shaped open frame 31. An opening is provided in the middle position of the surface of the first protective pad 32; and a mesh layer 33 is fixedly connected through its opening.

As shown in Figures 3 to 5, an adsorption fan 34 is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the first protective pad block 32, and the adsorption end of the adsorption fan 34 is attached to the mesh layer 33. A breathable slot frame 35 is fixedly installed in the middle position of the rear surface of the U-shaped open frame 31, and airbag blocks 36 are fixedly installed on both side ends of the breathable slot frame 35.

As in the above-mentioned embodiment, the neck protection module 3 plays the role of neck protection and pulling the upper linkage tensioning mechanism 4 to tightly support the head, which is specifically as follows: the U-shaped open frame 31 is installed on the electric telescopic rod 27 at the bottom of the flip block 25, and the configured U-shaped open frame 31 and the first protective pad 32 on the outside are both in a concave arc shape to facilitate fitting the neck. The electric telescopic effect of the electric telescopic rod 27 at the bottom of the flip block 25 can control the extension length of the first protective pad 32, and loosen the tightening bolt 26 to allow the flip block 25 to flip freely. The first protective pad 32 at the bottom of the flip block 25 is tilted forward and extended as a whole. When the ejection seat 1 is ejected outward and the pilot's neck rests on the mesh layer 33 of the first protective pad 32, the U-shaped open frame 31 moves backward as a whole. At this time, the linkage tensioning mechanism 4 on the upper side of the flip block 25 moves forward to stabilize the pilot's head. During the overall backward movement, the safety belt configured on the ejection seat 1 is adapted and tightened during the ejection process, so that the back can be relatively stable, thereby preventing the back neck from shaking back and forth.

Among them, the first protective pad block 32 is a sponge cover block, and the gauze layer 33 connected on its surface is a taut gauze, and is stretched outward along the inner opening of the arc of the groove to form a curved support net, and the inner adsorption fan 34 is an adsorption device in the prior art, which can adsorb inward when working to suck the back neck, and the airbag block 36 is an airbag structure in the prior art. When the U-shaped open frame 31 moves toward the rear side, the airbag block 36 can be used as a buffer layer to stick to the inside to play a buffering role.

As shown in Figures 3 to 8, the guide rail slot frame 41 is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod 27 on the upper side of the flip block 25, and a bidirectional threaded rod 42 is movably installed at the middle position inside the guide rail slot frame 41. One side of the bidirectional threaded rod 42 passes through the guide rail slot frame 41 and is fixedly connected with an adjustment buckle 43. Nut U-shaped sleeve blocks 44 are installed at symmetrical positions at both ends of the inner slot of the guide rail slot frame 41 through the bidirectional threaded rod 42.

As shown in Figures 3 to 8, an arc-shaped flip plate 45 that is tilted and opened outward is movably hinged in the outer U-shaped groove of the nut U-shaped sleeve 44, and flip joints 46 are fixedly installed at both ends of the upper side of the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate 45. The outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate 45 is movably installed with a second protective pad 47 through the flip joints 46 on both sides.

As shown in Figures 1 to 8, shock-absorbing spring sleeves 48 corresponding to the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate 45 are fixedly installed at both ends of the inner side of the second protective pad 47. The second protective pad 47 is an arc block structure that is concave inward from top to bottom.

As shown in Figures 3 to 8, the end of the arc-shaped flip plate 45 that is hinged away from the nut U-shaped sleeve block 44 is fixedly connected to a flip sleeve 49, and two limit rods 410 are fixedly connected to the middle position of the back side of the guide rail slot frame 41, and the upper sliding sleeve of the limit rod 410 is provided with a sleeve bracket 411.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, and Figures 6 to 8, the sleeve bracket 411 is an H-shaped structure as a whole, and a return spring 412 is fixedly connected between the inner side of the sleeve bracket 411 and the back side of the guide rail slot bracket 41 through a limit rod 410, and hinge plates 413 connected to the flip sleeve 49 are movably installed on both sides of the sleeve bracket 411.

As in the aforementioned embodiment, the linkage tensioning mechanism 4 is a structure for further stabilizing the neck protection module 3, which is specifically as follows: first, the electric telescopic rod 27 on the upper side of the flip block 25 can be used to control its extended length to adjust the position of the guide rail slot frame 41 to adjust the lifting position of the second protection pad 47. The adjustment buckle 43 on the side of the guide rail slot frame 41 can be rotated according to the needs to control the bidirectional threaded rod 42 to rotate clockwise, so that the nut U-shaped sleeve blocks 44 engaged on both sides are synchronously expanded to both sides, and the interval between the second protection pads 47 on both sides is pulled apart to adapt to different When used in the same environment, the second protective pads 47 on both sides are hinged to the outer side of the nut U-shaped sleeve 44 through the arc-shaped flip plate 45. When a force is applied to the middle position of the inner side, the second protective pads 47 on both sides can be tightened toward the middle to support the pilot's head or helmet. Furthermore, since the second protective pads 47 and the arc-shaped flip plate 45 are hinged through the flip joint 46 on the upper side, when the second protective pads 47 on both sides are squeezed toward the middle, they will also be squeezed in a state of tilting from top to bottom, so that they can better fit the round head and form a better lifting and stabilizing effect.

In order to improve the reset ability of the second protection pad 47, a corresponding reset spring 412 is provided on the back side of the guide rail slot frame 41. When the reset spring 412 is in the reset state, the sleeve bracket 411 always has a tendency to extend outward, so that the hinge plates 413 on both sides pull the arc-shaped flip plates 45, so that the second protection pads 47 on both sides always have a tendency to expand outward to cooperate with its rapid reset. When no support is needed, it can be automatically expanded. The corresponding second protection pad 47 is also a high-elasticity sponge structure in the prior art, and the overall structure is a rounded arc block structure to improve the comfort of the side when it fits the pilot.

The working process of the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

First, the position of the flip block 25 is adjusted through the plug-in plate 22 according to the pilot's body shape requirements, and the bolts at the hinged end of the U-shaped outer flap 24 are rotated accordingly to adjust the inclination of the outside so that the first protection pad 32 can be located at the position of the pilot's back neck, which is better when the ejection seat 1 is ejected. The corresponding safety belt tightens the pilot, and the tightened pilot will be close to the ejection seat 1, so that the back neck fits on the mesh layer 33 and is further pushed backward, so that the guide slot frame 41 on the upper side of the flip block 25 moves forward, driving the second protection pads 47 on both sides to move from both sides to the middle, to steadily support the pilot's head and perform comprehensive shock absorption and buffering.

The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat, comprising an ejection seat; characterized in that an adjustable plug-in structure is installed at the upper side of the back of the ejection seat, and the outer side of the adjustable plug-in structure extends to the front side of the ejection seat; a neck protection module and a linkage tensioning mechanism are sequentially arranged on the adjustable plug-in structure from bottom to top; A U-shaped opening is provided at the middle position of the top of the ejection seat, the adjustable plug-in structure comprises a socket sleeve frame and a plug-in plate, the socket sleeve frame is arranged at the back side of the U-shaped opening and is fixedly connected to the U-shaped opening, the plug-in plate is inserted into the socket sleeve frame, the neck protection module comprises a U-shaped open frame arranged at the lower side of the front end of the plug-in plate, and the linkage tensioning mechanism comprises a guide rail slot frame arranged at the upper side of the front end of the plug-in plate; Among them, symmetrical second protective pads are arranged on both sides of the guide rail slot frame, and a first protective pad is arranged on the outer side of the U-shaped open frame. When the first protective pad fits the neck and is pushed backward, it drives the second protective pads on both sides of the upper part to tighten toward the middle to support the head for shock absorption and buffering. 2. The shock-absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of openings are sequentially provided on the surface of the plug-in plate from top to bottom, a socket is provided on the side wall of the socket sleeve, the opening of the plug-in plate and the socket of the socket sleeve are fixed by inserting and installing a positioning pin, and a U-shaped outer flap is movably hinged on the top of the plug-in plate. 3. The shock-absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 2 is characterized in that a flip block is movably hinged inside the outer U-shaped opening end of the U-shaped outer flap; a tightening bolt is rotatably installed on the side of the hinged end of the flip block, and the tightening bolt is used to control the tightness of the flip block, and electric telescopic rods are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the flip block respectively. 4. The shock-absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 3 is characterized in that the U-shaped open frame is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod on the lower side of the flip block, and a first protective pad is fixedly connected to the outer open end of the U-shaped open frame, and an opening is opened in the middle position of the surface of the first protective pad; the opening of the first protective pad is fixedly connected to a mesh layer. 5. The shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 4 is characterized in that an adsorption fan is fixedly installed on the inner side surface of the first protective pad, the adsorption end of the adsorption fan is in contact with the mesh layer, and a breathable slot frame is fixedly installed at the middle position of the rear surface of the U-shaped open frame, and airbag blocks are fixedly installed on both side ends of the breathable slot frame. 6. The shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 3 is characterized in that the guide rail slot frame is fixedly connected to the electric telescopic rod on the upper side of the flip block, a two-way threaded rod is movably installed horizontally at the inner middle position of the guide rail slot frame, one side of the two-way threaded rod penetrates through the side wall of the guide rail slot frame and an adjusting buckle is fixedly connected to the same side end of the two-way screw rod, and nut U-shaped sleeve blocks are installed at symmetrical positions at both ends of the inner slot of the guide rail slot frame through the engagement of the two-way threaded rod. 7. The shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 6 is characterized in that an arc-shaped flip plate that is tilted and opened outward is movably hinged in the outer U-shaped groove of the nut U-shaped sleeve block, and flip joints are fixedly installed at both ends of the upper side of the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate, and a second protective pad is movably installed on the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate through the flip joints on both sides. 8. The shock-absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 7 is characterized in that shock-absorbing spring sleeves corresponding to the outer surface of the arc-shaped flip plate are fixedly installed at both ends of the inner side of the second protective pad block, and the second protective pad block as a whole is an arc block structure that is concave from top to bottom toward the back. 9. The shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 7 is characterized in that one end of the arc-shaped flip plate away from the hinge of the nut U-shaped sleeve block is fixedly connected to a flip sleeve, two limit rods are fixedly connected to the middle position of the back side of the guide rail slot frame, and the outer surface of the limit rod is slidably sleeved with a sleeve bracket. 10. The shock absorbing and buffering mechanism for an ejection seat according to claim 9 is characterized in that the sleeve bracket is an H-shaped structure as a whole, and a return spring is fixedly connected between the inner side of the sleeve bracket and the back side of the guide rail slot bracket, one end of the return spring is connected to the back side of the guide rail slot bracket, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the sleeve bracket, and hinge plates connected to the flip sleeve are movably installed on both sides of the sleeve bracket.