CN118585021A - Bias voltage generation circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种偏压产生电路,包括一第一电路子单元、一第二电路子单元与一第三电路子单元。第一电路子单元用以响应于一第一电流与一第一输入电压于一第一节点产生一第一偏压。第二电路子单元耦接至第一电路子单元,用以接收第一偏压,并且产生流经一第二节点的一第二电流,其中第二电流系镜像自第一电流。第三电路子单元耦接至第二节点,用以响应于第二电流与一第二输入电压于一第三节点产生一第二偏压。
A bias generating circuit includes a first circuit subunit, a second circuit subunit and a third circuit subunit. The first circuit subunit is used to generate a first bias voltage at a first node in response to a first current and a first input voltage. The second circuit subunit is coupled to the first circuit subunit to receive the first bias voltage and generate a second current flowing through a second node, wherein the second current is mirrored from the first current. The third circuit subunit is coupled to the second node to generate a second bias voltage at a third node in response to the second current and a second input voltage.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明系关于一种偏压产生电路,尤指一种用以产生一功率放大器电路所需的稳定偏压的偏压产生电路。The present invention relates to a bias voltage generating circuit, and more particularly to a bias voltage generating circuit for generating a stable bias voltage required by a power amplifier circuit.
背景技术Background Art
放大器电路为通信系统内经常使用的电路,用以增加信号的输出功率。放大器电路通常通过电源取得能量来源,控制输出信号的波形与输入信号一致,并增加其幅度,从而在输出端比例地产生更大幅度的信号。Amplifier circuits are commonly used in communication systems to increase the output power of signals. Amplifier circuits usually obtain their energy source through a power supply, control the waveform of the output signal to be consistent with the input signal, and increase its amplitude, thereby producing a proportionally larger signal at the output end.
一般而言,放大器电路的设计需在功耗与线性度之间做权衡。例如,非线性的放大器电路通常具有较高的功率放大器效率(power amplifier efficiency,缩写PAE),而线性的放大器电路通常具有相对较低的功率放大器效率。Generally speaking, the design of an amplifier circuit requires a trade-off between power consumption and linearity. For example, a nonlinear amplifier circuit generally has a higher power amplifier efficiency (PAE), while a linear amplifier circuit generally has a relatively lower PAE.
借由适当的偏压设计,可使得放大器电路可在线性度与放大效率之间取得较佳的平衡。此外,若放大器电路内部的直流电流可被精准控制,也可有效调节放大器电路的功耗,并能使得通过不同芯片实作出的相同放大器电路可有相近的效能。By properly designing the bias voltage, the amplifier circuit can achieve a better balance between linearity and amplification efficiency. In addition, if the DC current inside the amplifier circuit can be precisely controlled, the power consumption of the amplifier circuit can be effectively adjusted, and the same amplifier circuit implemented by different chips can have similar performance.
因此,如何产生功率放大器电路所需之稳定的偏压与精准的直流电流为放大器电路设计领域中值得关注的课题。Therefore, how to generate the stable bias voltage and precise DC current required by the power amplifier circuit is a topic worthy of attention in the field of amplifier circuit design.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明之一目的在于提供一种偏压产生电路,以产生功率放大器电路所需之稳定的偏压与精准的直流电流。An object of the present invention is to provide a bias voltage generating circuit to generate a stable bias voltage and a precise direct current required by a power amplifier circuit.
根据本发明之一实施例,一种偏压产生电路,包括一第一电路子单元、一第二电路子单元与一第三电路子单元。第一电路子单元用以响应于一第一电流与一第一输入电压于一第一节点产生一第一偏压。第二电路子单元耦接至第一电路子单元,用以接收第一偏压,并且产生流经一第二节点的一第二电流,其中第二电流系镜像自第一电流。第三电路子单元耦接至第二节点,用以响应于第二电流与一第二输入电压于一第三节点产生一第二偏压。According to one embodiment of the present invention, a bias generating circuit includes a first circuit subunit, a second circuit subunit and a third circuit subunit. The first circuit subunit is used to generate a first bias voltage at a first node in response to a first current and a first input voltage. The second circuit subunit is coupled to the first circuit subunit to receive the first bias voltage and generate a second current flowing through a second node, wherein the second current is mirrored from the first current. The third circuit subunit is coupled to the second node to generate a second bias voltage at a third node in response to the second current and a second input voltage.
根据本发明之另一实施例,一种偏压产生电路,包括一第一电路子单元、一第二电路子单元与一第三电路子单元。第一电路子单元用以响应于一第一电流与一第一输入电压于一第一节点产生一第一偏压。第二电路子单元耦接至第一电路子单元,用以接收第一偏压,并且产生流经一第二节点的一第二电流,其中第二电流系镜像自第一电流。第三电路子单元耦接至第二节点,用以响应于第二电流与一第二输入电压于一第三节点产生一第二偏压。第一节点还耦接至一功率放大器电路的一第一偏压输入端,用以将第一偏压供应至功率放大器电路,并且第三节点还耦接至功率放大器电路的一第二偏压输入端,用以将第二偏压供应至功率放大器电路。According to another embodiment of the present invention, a bias generating circuit includes a first circuit subunit, a second circuit subunit and a third circuit subunit. The first circuit subunit is used to generate a first bias voltage at a first node in response to a first current and a first input voltage. The second circuit subunit is coupled to the first circuit subunit to receive the first bias voltage and generate a second current flowing through a second node, wherein the second current is mirrored from the first current. The third circuit subunit is coupled to the second node to generate a second bias voltage at a third node in response to the second current and a second input voltage. The first node is also coupled to a first bias input terminal of a power amplifier circuit to supply the first bias voltage to the power amplifier circuit, and the third node is also coupled to a second bias input terminal of the power amplifier circuit to supply the second bias voltage to the power amplifier circuit.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1系显示根据本发明之第一实施例所述的偏压产生电路的范例电路图。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a bias voltage generating circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
图2系显示根据本发明之第二实施例所述的偏压产生电路的范例电路图。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a bias voltage generating circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
图3系显示根据本发明之一实施例所述的功率放大器的范例电路图。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
图1系显示根据本发明之第一实施例所述之偏压产生电路之范例电路图。偏压产生电路100可包括第一电路子单元110、第二电路子单元120与第三电路子单元130。第一电路子单元110用以响应于电流I1_dc与输入电压V1_dc于节点N11产生偏压VGP-1。第二电路子单元120耦接至第一电路子单元110,用以接收偏压VGP-1,并且产生流经节点N12之电流I1’_dc,其中电流I1’_dc系镜像自电流I1_dc。第三电路子单元130耦接至节点N12,用以响应于电流I1’_dc与输入电压V1’_dc于节点N13产生偏压VGN-1。FIG1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a bias generating circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The bias generating circuit 100 may include a first circuit subunit 110, a second circuit subunit 120, and a third circuit subunit 130. The first circuit subunit 110 is used to generate a bias voltage VGP-1 at a node N11 in response to a current I1_dc and an input voltage V1_dc. The second circuit subunit 120 is coupled to the first circuit subunit 110 to receive the bias voltage VGP-1 and generate a current I1'_dc flowing through a node N12, wherein the current I1'_dc is mirrored from the current I1_dc. The third circuit subunit 130 is coupled to the node N12 to generate a bias voltage VGN-1 at a node N13 in response to the current I1'_dc and the input voltage V1'_dc.
第一电路子单元110可包括放大器电路OP11、晶体管T11与电流源IS-1。放大器电路OP11包括一非反相输入端、一反相输入端与一输出端。放大器电路OP11之非反相输入端接收输入电压V1_dc。晶体管T11包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP11之输出端、一第二极耦接至放大器电路OP11之反相输入端,与一第三极耦接至一第一电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T11可以是一P型金属氧化物半导体场效晶体管(Metal OxideSemiconductor Field Effect Transistor,缩写MOSFET),简称PMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是PMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是PMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是PMOS晶体管之汲极。此外,于本发明之第一实施例中,第一电压源可以是用以提供接地电压之电压源。电流源IS-1则用以提供电流I1_dc。The first circuit subunit 110 may include an amplifier circuit OP11, a transistor T11 and a current source IS-1. The amplifier circuit OP11 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. The non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11 receives an input voltage V1_dc. The transistor T11 includes a first electrode coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11, a second electrode coupled to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11, and a third electrode coupled to a first voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T11 may be a P-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, abbreviated as MOSFET), referred to as a PMOS transistor, and the first electrode may be a gate of the PMOS transistor, the second electrode may be a source of the PMOS transistor, and the third electrode may be a drain of the PMOS transistor. In addition, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the first voltage source may be a voltage source for providing a ground voltage. The current source IS-1 is used to provide a current I1_dc.
于本发明之实施例中,晶体管T11之闸极会同时耦接放大器电路OP11之输出端与节点N11,并且通过节点N11进一步耦接至第二电路子单元120。In the embodiment of the present invention, the gate of the transistor T11 is coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11 and the node N11 at the same time, and is further coupled to the second circuit sub-unit 120 through the node N11.
根据本发明之一实施例,假设放大器电路OP11具有极大之增益,则其反相输入端与非反相输入端会是虚短路(virtual ground),因此,于放大器电路OP11之反相输入端的电压,其也就是响应于电流I1_dc与输入电压V1_dc于晶体管T11之第二极(例如,源极)所产生的一电压,将会相等于或大体相等于输入电压V1_dc。According to one embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the amplifier circuit OP11 has a very large gain, its inverting input terminal and non-inverting input terminal will be a virtual short circuit (virtual ground). Therefore, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11, which is a voltage generated at the second electrode (e.g., the source) of the transistor T11 in response to the current I1_dc and the input voltage V1_dc, will be equal to or substantially equal to the input voltage V1_dc.
第二电路子单元120可包括晶体管T12。晶体管T12包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP11之输出端、一第二极耦接至节点N12,与一第三极耦接至第一电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T12可以是一PMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是PMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是PMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是PMOS晶体管之汲极。晶体管T12之第一极可与晶体管T11之第一极电性相接,并且同时耦接放大器电路OP11之输出端与节点N11。于本发明之实施例中,晶体管T11与晶体管T12可被设计具有相同宽度,例如,图中所标记之Mp=1。由于晶体管T11与晶体管T12被设计具有相同宽度,且晶体管T11与晶体管T12之闸极电压与汲极电压相同,因此流经晶体管T12的电流I1’_dc可以是电流I1_dc的镜像电流,并且电流I1’_dc的电流大小可相等于或大体相等于电流I1_dc的电流大小。The second circuit subunit 120 may include a transistor T12. The transistor T12 includes a first electrode coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11, a second electrode coupled to the node N12, and a third electrode coupled to the first voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T12 may be a PMOS transistor, and the first electrode may be the gate of the PMOS transistor, the second electrode may be the source of the PMOS transistor, and the third electrode may be the drain of the PMOS transistor. The first electrode of the transistor T12 may be electrically connected to the first electrode of the transistor T11, and is coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11 and the node N11 at the same time. In an embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T11 and the transistor T12 may be designed to have the same width, for example, Mp=1 marked in the figure. Since transistor T11 and transistor T12 are designed to have the same width, and the gate voltage and drain voltage of transistor T11 and transistor T12 are the same, the current I1’_dc flowing through transistor T12 can be a mirror current of current I1_dc, and the current magnitude of current I1’_dc can be equal to or substantially equal to the current magnitude of current I1_dc.
第三电路子单元130可包括放大器电路OP12与晶体管T13。放大器电路OP12包括一非反相输入端、一反相输入端与一输出端。放大器电路OP11之非反相输入端可接收输入电压V1’_dc。晶体管T13包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP12之输出端、一第二极耦接至放大器电路OP12之反相输入端、一第三极耦接至一第二电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T13可以是一N型金属氧化物半导体场效晶体管,简称NMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是NMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是NMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是NMOS晶体管之汲极。此外,于本发明之第一实施例中,第二电压源可以是用以提供电压VDD之电压源,且晶体管T13之第二极耦接节点N12,晶体管T13之第一极耦接节点N13,用以提供偏压VGN-1。The third circuit subunit 130 may include an amplifier circuit OP12 and a transistor T13. The amplifier circuit OP12 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. The non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP11 can receive an input voltage V1'_dc. The transistor T13 includes a first electrode coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP12, a second electrode coupled to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP12, and a third electrode coupled to a second voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T13 may be an N-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, referred to as an NMOS transistor, and the first electrode may be the gate of the NMOS transistor, the second electrode may be the source of the NMOS transistor, and the third electrode may be the drain of the NMOS transistor. In addition, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the second voltage source may be a voltage source for providing a voltage VDD, and the second electrode of the transistor T13 is coupled to the node N12, and the first electrode of the transistor T13 is coupled to the node N13 to provide a bias voltage VGN-1.
假设放大器电路OP12具有极大之增益,则其反相输入端与非反相输入端会是虚短路(virtual ground),因此,于放大器电路OP12之反相输入端的电压将会相等于或大体相等于输入电压V1’_dc。根据本发明之一实施例,放大器电路OP11与OP12可以是运算放大器。Assuming that the amplifier circuit OP12 has a very large gain, its inverting input terminal and non-inverting input terminal will be a virtual short circuit (virtual ground), so the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP12 will be equal to or substantially equal to the input voltage V1'_dc. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amplifier circuits OP11 and OP12 can be operational amplifiers.
根据本发明之一实施例,第一电路子单元110所接收之输入电压V1_dc与第三电路子单元130所接收之输入电压V1’_dc可以是相同的电压。此外,于本发明之实施例中,电流源IS-1用以提供直流的电流I1_dc,其中电流I1_dc可以是通过一带隙(bandgap)电路产生,因此,于本发明之实施例中,电流I1_dc会是非常精准的直流电流。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage V1_dc received by the first circuit sub-unit 110 and the input voltage V1'_dc received by the third circuit sub-unit 130 may be the same voltage. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current source IS-1 is used to provide a direct current I1_dc, wherein the current I1_dc may be generated by a bandgap circuit. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current I1_dc may be a very precise direct current.
根据本发明之第一实施例,第一电路子单元110用以于晶体管T11之第二极建立起稳定的I1_dc,并且将电流I1_dc镜像至第二电路子单元120。由于第二电路子单元120之晶体管T12与第三电路子单元130之晶体管T13耦接于节点N12,因此镜像出的稳定电流I1’_dc会流过晶体管T12与晶体管T13。此外,于本发明之实施例中,偏压产生电路100可通过节点N11与N13将偏压VGP-1与VGN-1分别提供至一功率放大器电路(图1未示),用以作为其偏压输入,借此提供功率放大器电路所需之稳定的偏压。稳定的偏压可进一步使功率放大器电路内部响应于流经晶体管T12与晶体管T13的电流I1’_dc镜像出另一稳定的电流,且功率放大器电路内部的电流大小可以是电流I1’_dc的倍数,借此产生功率放大器电路所需之精准的直流电流。According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the first circuit sub-unit 110 is used to establish a stable I1_dc at the second electrode of the transistor T11, and mirror the current I1_dc to the second circuit sub-unit 120. Since the transistor T12 of the second circuit sub-unit 120 and the transistor T13 of the third circuit sub-unit 130 are coupled to the node N12, the mirrored stable current I1'_dc will flow through the transistor T12 and the transistor T13. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the bias generating circuit 100 can provide the bias voltages VGP-1 and VGN-1 to a power amplifier circuit (not shown in FIG. 1) through the nodes N11 and N13, respectively, as its bias input, thereby providing the stable bias required by the power amplifier circuit. The stable bias voltage can further enable the power amplifier circuit to mirror another stable current in response to the current I1’_dc flowing through transistors T12 and T13, and the current size inside the power amplifier circuit can be a multiple of the current I1’_dc, thereby generating the precise DC current required by the power amplifier circuit.
需注意的是,本发明并不限于图1中所示之晶体管类型。于本发明之第二实施例中,也可通过NMOS晶体管建立起稳定的直流电流。It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the transistor type shown in Figure 1. In the second embodiment of the present invention, a stable direct current can also be established by an NMOS transistor.
图2系显示根据本发明之第二实施例所述之偏压产生电路之范例电路图。偏压产生电路200可包括第一电路子单元210、第二电路子单元220与第三电路子单元230。第一电路子单元210用以响应于电流I2_dc与输入电压V2_dc于节点N21产生偏压VGN-2。第二电路子单元220耦接至第一电路子单元210,用以接收偏压VGN-2,并且产生流经节点N22之电流I2’_dc,其中电流I2’_dc系镜像自电流I2_dc。第三电路子单元230耦接至节点N22,用以响应于电流I2’_dc与输入电压V2’_dc于节点N23产生偏压VGP-2。FIG2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a bias generating circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The bias generating circuit 200 may include a first circuit subunit 210, a second circuit subunit 220, and a third circuit subunit 230. The first circuit subunit 210 is used to generate a bias voltage VGN-2 at a node N21 in response to a current I2_dc and an input voltage V2_dc. The second circuit subunit 220 is coupled to the first circuit subunit 210 to receive the bias voltage VGN-2 and generate a current I2'_dc flowing through a node N22, wherein the current I2'_dc is mirrored from the current I2_dc. The third circuit subunit 230 is coupled to the node N22 to generate a bias voltage VGP-2 at a node N23 in response to the current I2'_dc and the input voltage V2'_dc.
第一电路子单元210可包括放大器电路OP21、晶体管T21与电流源IS-2。放大器电路OP21包括一非反相输入端、一反相输入端与一输出端。放大器电路OP21之非反相输入端接收输入电压V2_dc。晶体管T21包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP21之输出端、一第二极耦接至放大器电路OP21之反相输入端,与一第三极耦接至一第一电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T21可以是一NMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是NMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是NMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是NMOS晶体管之汲极。此外,于本发明之第二实施例中,第一电压源可以是用以提供电压VDD之电压源。电流源IS-2则用以提供电流I2_dc。The first circuit subunit 210 may include an amplifier circuit OP21, a transistor T21 and a current source IS-2. The amplifier circuit OP21 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. The non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21 receives an input voltage V2_dc. The transistor T21 includes a first pole coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21, a second pole coupled to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21, and a third pole coupled to a first voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T21 may be an NMOS transistor, and the first pole may be the gate of the NMOS transistor, the second pole may be the source of the NMOS transistor, and the third pole may be the drain of the NMOS transistor. In addition, in a second embodiment of the present invention, the first voltage source may be a voltage source for providing a voltage VDD. The current source IS-2 is used to provide a current I2_dc.
于本发明之实施例中,晶体管T21之闸极会同时耦接放大器电路OP21之输出端与节点N21,并且通过节点N21进一步耦接至第二电路子单元220。In the embodiment of the present invention, the gate of the transistor T21 is coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21 and the node N21 at the same time, and is further coupled to the second circuit sub-unit 220 through the node N21.
根据本发明之一实施例,假设放大器电路OP21具有极大之增益,则其反相输入端与非反相输入端会是虚短路(virtual ground),因此,于放大器电路OP21之反相输入端的电压,其也就是响应于电流I2_dc与输入电压V2_dc于晶体管T21之第二极(例如,源极)所产生的一电压,将会相等于或大体相等于输入电压V2_dc。According to one embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the amplifier circuit OP21 has a very large gain, its inverting input terminal and non-inverting input terminal will be a virtual short circuit (virtual ground). Therefore, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21, which is a voltage generated at the second electrode (e.g., source) of the transistor T21 in response to the current I2_dc and the input voltage V2_dc, will be equal to or substantially equal to the input voltage V2_dc.
第二电路子单元220可包括晶体管T22。晶体管T22包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP21之输出端、一第二极耦接至节点N22,与一第三极耦接至第一电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T22可以是一NMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是NMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是NMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是NMOS晶体管之汲极。晶体管T22之第一极可与晶体管T21之第一极电性相接,并且同时耦接放大器电路OP21之输出端与节点N21。于本发明之实施例中,晶体管T21与晶体管T22可被设计具有相同宽度,例如,图中所标记之Mn=1。由于晶体管T21与晶体管T22被设计具有相同宽度,且晶体管T21与晶体管T22之闸极电压与汲极电压相同,因此流经晶体管T22的电流I2’_dc可以是电流I2_dc的镜像电流,并且电流I2’_dc的电流大小可相等于或大体相等于电流I2_dc的电流大小。The second circuit subunit 220 may include a transistor T22. The transistor T22 includes a first electrode coupled to the output end of the amplifier circuit OP21, a second electrode coupled to the node N22, and a third electrode coupled to the first voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T22 may be an NMOS transistor, and the first electrode may be the gate of the NMOS transistor, the second electrode may be the source of the NMOS transistor, and the third electrode may be the drain of the NMOS transistor. The first electrode of the transistor T22 may be electrically connected to the first electrode of the transistor T21, and is coupled to the output end of the amplifier circuit OP21 and the node N21 at the same time. In an embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T21 and the transistor T22 may be designed to have the same width, for example, Mn=1 marked in the figure. Since the transistor T21 and the transistor T22 are designed to have the same width, and the gate voltage and the drain voltage of the transistor T21 and the transistor T22 are the same, the current I2’_dc flowing through the transistor T22 can be a mirror current of the current I2_dc, and the current magnitude of the current I2’_dc can be equal to or substantially equal to the current magnitude of the current I2_dc.
第三电路子单元230可包括放大器电路OP22与晶体管T23。放大器电路OP22包括一非反相输入端、一反相输入端与一输出端。放大器电路OP21之非反相输入端可接收输入电压V2’_dc。晶体管T23包括一第一极耦接至放大器电路OP22之输出端、一第二极耦接至放大器电路OP22之反相输入端、一第三极耦接至一第二电压源。根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T23可以是一PMOS晶体管,并且所述第一极可以是PMOS晶体管之闸极、所述第二极可以是PMOS晶体管之源极并且所述第三极可以是PMOS晶体管之汲极。此外,于本发明之第二实施例中,第二电压源可以是用以提供接地电压之电压源,且晶体管T23之第二极耦接节点N22,晶体管T23之第一极耦接节点N23,用以提供偏压VGP-2。The third circuit subunit 230 may include an amplifier circuit OP22 and a transistor T23. The amplifier circuit OP22 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. The non-inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP21 can receive an input voltage V2'_dc. The transistor T23 includes a first electrode coupled to the output terminal of the amplifier circuit OP22, a second electrode coupled to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP22, and a third electrode coupled to a second voltage source. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T23 may be a PMOS transistor, and the first electrode may be the gate of the PMOS transistor, the second electrode may be the source of the PMOS transistor, and the third electrode may be the drain of the PMOS transistor. In addition, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the second voltage source may be a voltage source for providing a ground voltage, and the second electrode of the transistor T23 is coupled to the node N22, and the first electrode of the transistor T23 is coupled to the node N23 to provide a bias voltage VGP-2.
假设放大器电路OP22具有极大之增益,则其反相输入端与非反相输入端会是虚短路(virtual ground),因此,于放大器电路OP22之反相输入端的电压将会相等于或大体相等于输入电压V2’_dc。根据本发明之一实施例,放大器电路OP21与OP22可以是运算放大器。Assuming that the amplifier circuit OP22 has a very large gain, its inverting input terminal and non-inverting input terminal will be a virtual short circuit (virtual ground), so the voltage at the inverting input terminal of the amplifier circuit OP22 will be equal to or substantially equal to the input voltage V2'_dc. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amplifier circuits OP21 and OP22 can be operational amplifiers.
根据本发明之一实施例,第一电路子单元210所接收之输入电压V2_dc与第三电路子单元230所接收之输入电压V2’_dc可以是相同的电压。此外,于本发明之实施例中,电流源IS-2用以提供直流的电流I2_dc,其中电流I2_dc可以是通过一带隙电路产生,因此,于本发明之实施例中,电流I2_dc会是非常精准的直流电流。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage V2_dc received by the first circuit sub-unit 210 and the input voltage V2'_dc received by the third circuit sub-unit 230 may be the same voltage. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current source IS-2 is used to provide a direct current I2_dc, wherein the current I2_dc may be generated by a bandgap circuit. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current I2_dc may be a very precise direct current.
根据本发明之第二实施例,第一电路子单元210用以于晶体管T21之第二极建立起稳定的电流I2_dc,并且将电流I2_dc镜像至第二电路子单元220。由于第二电路子单元220之晶体管T22与第三电路子单元230之晶体管T23耦接于节点N22,因此镜像出的稳定电流I2’_dc会流过晶体管T22与晶体管T23。此外,于本发明之实施例中,偏压产生电路200可通过节点N21与N23将偏压VGP-2与VGN-2分别提供至一功率放大器电路(图2未示),用以作为其偏压输入,借此提供功率放大器电路所需之稳定的偏压。稳定的偏压可进一步使功率放大器电路内部响应于流经晶体管T22与晶体管T23的电流I2’_dc镜像出另一稳定的电流,且功率放大器电路内部的电流大小可以是电流I2’_dc的倍数,借此产生功率放大器电路所需之精准的直流电流。According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the first circuit sub-unit 210 is used to establish a stable current I2_dc at the second electrode of the transistor T21, and mirror the current I2_dc to the second circuit sub-unit 220. Since the transistor T22 of the second circuit sub-unit 220 and the transistor T23 of the third circuit sub-unit 230 are coupled to the node N22, the mirrored stable current I2'_dc will flow through the transistor T22 and the transistor T23. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the bias generating circuit 200 can provide the bias voltages VGP-2 and VGN-2 to a power amplifier circuit (not shown in FIG. 2) through the nodes N21 and N23, respectively, as its bias input, thereby providing the stable bias required by the power amplifier circuit. The stable bias voltage can further enable the power amplifier circuit to mirror another stable current in response to the current I2’_dc flowing through transistors T22 and T23, and the current size inside the power amplifier circuit can be a multiple of the current I2’_dc, thereby generating the precise DC current required by the power amplifier circuit.
图3系显示根据本发明之一实施例所述之功率放大器之范例电路图。功率放大器电路300可包括信号输入端IN、偏压输入端Bias_1与Bias_2、放大电路310与匹配电路320。信号输入端IN用以接收输入信号Iin,其中输入信号Iin可以是一电流信号。偏压输入端Bias_1与Bias_2分别用以接收偏压VGN与VGP,其中,偏压VGN可以是由偏压产生电路100产生之偏压VGN-1或者由偏压产生电路200产生之偏压VGN-2,偏压VGP可以是由偏压产生电路100产生之偏压VGP-1或者由偏压产生电路200产生之偏压VGP-2。FIG3 is a circuit diagram of an example of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power amplifier circuit 300 may include a signal input terminal IN, bias input terminals Bias_1 and Bias_2, an amplifier circuit 310, and a matching circuit 320. The signal input terminal IN is used to receive an input signal Iin, wherein the input signal Iin may be a current signal. The bias input terminals Bias_1 and Bias_2 are used to receive bias voltages VGN and VGP, respectively, wherein the bias voltage VGN may be the bias voltage VGN-1 generated by the bias generating circuit 100 or the bias voltage VGN-2 generated by the bias generating circuit 200, and the bias voltage VGP may be the bias voltage VGP-1 generated by the bias generating circuit 100 or the bias voltage VGP-2 generated by the bias generating circuit 200.
放大电路310耦接输入端IN,用以接收输入信号Iin,并且产生电流Idn与Idp。匹配电路320耦接放大电路310,用以使功率放大器电路300之输出阻抗与天线之阻抗达到匹配。根据本发明之实施例,匹配电路320可还用于结合电流Idn与Idp,以产生一输出信号Io。输出信号Io可经由耦接于天线之耦合电路被进一步耦合至天线端。经由所述耦合效应可产生最终提供给天线之输出信号。The amplifier circuit 310 is coupled to the input terminal IN to receive the input signal Iin and generate currents Idn and Idp. The matching circuit 320 is coupled to the amplifier circuit 310 to match the output impedance of the power amplifier circuit 300 with the impedance of the antenna. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the matching circuit 320 can also be used to combine the currents Idn and Idp to generate an output signal Io. The output signal Io can be further coupled to the antenna terminal via a coupling circuit coupled to the antenna. The output signal finally provided to the antenna can be generated through the coupling effect.
根据本发明之一实施例,功率放大器电路300之偏压输入端Bias_1与Bias_2可分别被耦接至偏压产生电路对应的节点,例如,偏压输入端Bias_1可被耦接至偏压产生电路100的节点N13或者被耦接至偏压产生电路200的节点N21,偏压输入端Bias_2可被耦接至偏压产生电路100的节点N11或者被耦接至偏压产生电路200的节点N23,用以被供应或被施加对应的偏压。According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bias input terminals Bias_1 and Bias_2 of the power amplifier circuit 300 can be respectively coupled to corresponding nodes of the bias generating circuit. For example, the bias input terminal Bias_1 can be coupled to the node N13 of the bias generating circuit 100 or to the node N21 of the bias generating circuit 200, and the bias input terminal Bias_2 can be coupled to the node N11 of the bias generating circuit 100 or to the node N23 of the bias generating circuit 200, so as to be supplied with or applied with corresponding bias.
此外,于本发明之实施例中,偏压产生电路100内之晶体管T13与T12或偏压产生电路200内之晶体管T22与T23可分别组形成一镜像电路,用以将电流I1’_dc或I2’_dc镜像至功率放大器电路300。In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, the transistors T13 and T12 in the bias generating circuit 100 or the transistors T22 and T23 in the bias generating circuit 200 can be respectively combined to form a mirror circuit to mirror the current I1’_dc or I2’_dc to the power amplifier circuit 300.
响应于偏压VGN(即,偏压VGN-1或VGN-2)之供应,以及前述镜像电路的作用,电流Idn会被产生于功率放大器电路300中。同理,响应于偏压VGP(即,偏压VGP-1或VGP-2)之供应,以及前述镜像电路的作用,电流Idp会被产生于功率放大器电路300中,其中电流Idn与电流Idp系镜像自流经晶体管T13与T12的电流I1’_dc或镜像自流经晶体管T23与T22的电流I2’_dc。In response to the supply of bias voltage VGN (i.e., bias voltage VGN-1 or VGN-2) and the action of the aforementioned mirror circuit, current Idn is generated in power amplifier circuit 300. Similarly, in response to the supply of bias voltage VGP (i.e., bias voltage VGP-1 or VGP-2) and the action of the aforementioned mirror circuit, current Idp is generated in power amplifier circuit 300, wherein current Idn and current Idp are mirrored from current I1'_dc flowing through transistors T13 and T12 or from current I2'_dc flowing through transistors T23 and T22.
根据本发明之一实施例,放大电路310可为一推拉式(push-pull)放大电路,并且可包括晶体管T1与T2。晶体管T1与T2可以是不同类型的晶体管,例如,于本发明之一实施例中,晶体管T1为NMOS晶体管,晶体管T2为PMOS晶体管。于本发明之实施例中,偏压VGN(即,由偏压产生电路100产生之偏压VGN-1或者由偏压产生电路200产生之偏压VGN-2)会被供应至晶体管T1之第一极,例如,闸极,并且偏压VGP(即,由偏压产生电路100产生之偏压VGP-1或者由偏压产生电路200产生之偏压VGP-2)会被供应至晶体管T2之第一极,例如,闸极。According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amplifier circuit 310 may be a push-pull amplifier circuit and may include transistors T1 and T2. The transistors T1 and T2 may be transistors of different types. For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the transistor T1 is an NMOS transistor and the transistor T2 is a PMOS transistor. In one embodiment of the present invention, the bias voltage VGN (i.e., the bias voltage VGN-1 generated by the bias generating circuit 100 or the bias voltage VGN-2 generated by the bias generating circuit 200) is supplied to a first electrode of the transistor T1, such as a gate electrode, and the bias voltage VGP (i.e., the bias voltage VGP-1 generated by the bias generating circuit 100 or the bias voltage VGP-2 generated by the bias generating circuit 200) is supplied to a first electrode of the transistor T2, such as a gate electrode.
此外,根据本发明之一实施例,晶体管T1之宽度可被设计为大于偏压产生电路内之用以产生对应之偏压VGN-1或VGN-2之晶体管(例如,晶体管T13或T22)之宽度,举例而言,晶体管T1之宽度可以是晶体管T13与T22之N倍,例如图中所标记之Mn=N,其中N为一正数。同理,晶体管T2之宽度可被设计为大于偏压产生电路内之用以产生对应之偏压VGP-1或VGP-2之晶体管(例如,晶体管T12或T23)之宽度,举例而言,晶体管T2之宽度可以是晶体管T12与T23之宽度N倍,例如图中所标记之Mp=N。需注意的是,此技艺中已有多种用以设计不同宽度之晶体管之方法,例如,可直接于电路中配置不同宽度的晶体管,如上所述,晶体管T1的宽度被设计为晶体管T13或T22的宽度的N倍,晶体管T2的宽度被设计为晶体管T12或T23的宽度的N倍。或者,于电路中配置宽度相同的晶体管,但晶体管并联的数量与宽度之倍数正相关。举例而言,若偏压产生电路内之晶体管宽度为其所对应之功率放大器电路内之晶体管宽度的(1/N)倍,则于功率放大器电路中,可借由并联耦接N个宽度与偏压产生电路内对应之晶体管之宽度相同的晶体管来实作。因此,图中所标记之Mn=1、Mp=1、Mn=N与Mp=N中的M代表多个(multiple)晶体管之涵义,n或p代表晶体管类型,等号后的数值代表宽度的倍数或具相等宽度之晶体管的数量,并且其中被并联耦接N个具相等宽度的晶体管之闸极会共同耦接于一闸极接点、源极会共同耦接于一源极接点,以及汲极会共同耦接于一汲极接点。In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the width of transistor T1 can be designed to be greater than the width of the transistor (e.g., transistor T13 or T22) in the bias voltage generating circuit for generating the corresponding bias voltage VGN-1 or VGN-2. For example, the width of transistor T1 can be N times that of transistors T13 and T22, such as Mn=N marked in the figure, where N is a positive number. Similarly, the width of transistor T2 can be designed to be greater than the width of the transistor (e.g., transistor T12 or T23) in the bias voltage generating circuit for generating the corresponding bias voltage VGP-1 or VGP-2. For example, the width of transistor T2 can be N times that of transistors T12 and T23, such as Mp=N marked in the figure. It should be noted that there are many methods for designing transistors of different widths in this art. For example, transistors of different widths can be directly configured in the circuit. As mentioned above, the width of transistor T1 is designed to be N times the width of transistor T13 or T22, and the width of transistor T2 is designed to be N times the width of transistor T12 or T23. Alternatively, transistors of the same width are configured in the circuit, but the number of transistors connected in parallel is positively correlated with the multiple of the width. For example, if the width of the transistor in the bias generating circuit is (1/N) times the width of the transistor in the corresponding power amplifier circuit, then in the power amplifier circuit, it can be implemented by coupling in parallel N transistors with the same width as the corresponding transistor in the bias generating circuit. Therefore, the M in Mn=1, Mp=1, Mn=N and Mp=N marked in the figure represents the meaning of multiple transistors, n or p represents the transistor type, the value after the equal sign represents the multiple of the width or the number of transistors with equal width, and the gates of the N transistors with equal width coupled in parallel are commonly coupled to a gate contact, the sources are commonly coupled to a source contact, and the drains are commonly coupled to a drain contact.
于本发明之实施例中,将晶体管T1与T2之宽度设计为大于偏压产生电路内之用以产生其所接收之偏压之晶体管之宽度,如此可达到放大镜像电流的效果。举例而言,假设晶体管T1与T2之宽度被设计为偏压产生电路内之用以产生对应之偏压之晶体管之宽度的N倍,则电流Idn与电流Idp分别会是I1’_dc或I2’_dc的N倍。若以电流Idc共同表示流经晶体管T13与T12的电流I1’_dc与流经晶体管T23与T22的电流I2’_dc,则功率放大器电路与偏压产生电路之电流之大小关系可表示如下:In the embodiment of the present invention, the width of transistors T1 and T2 is designed to be larger than the width of the transistors in the bias generating circuit for generating the bias voltage received by them, so as to achieve the effect of amplifying the mirror current. For example, assuming that the width of transistors T1 and T2 is designed to be N times the width of the transistors in the bias generating circuit for generating the corresponding bias voltage, the current Idn and the current Idp will be N times I1'_dc or I2'_dc respectively. If the current Idc is used to represent the current I1'_dc flowing through transistors T13 and T12 and the current I2'_dc flowing through transistors T23 and T22, the magnitude relationship between the currents of the power amplifier circuit and the bias generating circuit can be expressed as follows:
Idn=N*Idc;Idn = N * Idc;
Idp=N*Idc。Idp=N*Idc.
其中电流Idn与电流Idp也会是精准的直流电流。一旦精准控制了电流Idn与电流Idp以及偏压VGN与VGP,便可自然地于信号输入端IN产生偏压Vdc,其中,于本发明之一实施例中,于功率放大器电路300中所产生的偏压Vdc会相等于或大体相等于偏压产生电路的输入电压V1_dc/V2_dc。The current Idn and the current Idp are also precise DC currents. Once the current Idn and the current Idp and the bias voltages VGN and VGP are precisely controlled, the bias voltage Vdc can be naturally generated at the signal input terminal IN. In one embodiment of the present invention, the bias voltage Vdc generated in the power amplifier circuit 300 is equal to or substantially equal to the input voltage V1_dc/V2_dc of the bias generating circuit.
于本发明之实施例中,借由精准控制偏压Vdc、偏压VGN与偏压VGP的电压位准,放大电路310可被偏压在A类、AB类或深度A(deep A)类放大操作。此外,借由精准控制这些偏压,可使得功率放大器电路300在线性度与放大效率之间取得较佳的平衡。此外,借由精准控制这些偏压,也可达到稳定功率放大器电路之直流电流的效果。In the embodiment of the present invention, by precisely controlling the voltage levels of the bias voltage Vdc, the bias voltage VGN, and the bias voltage VGP, the amplifier circuit 310 can be biased in class A, class AB, or deep class A amplification operation. In addition, by precisely controlling these bias voltages, the power amplifier circuit 300 can achieve a better balance between linearity and amplification efficiency. In addition, by precisely controlling these bias voltages, the DC current of the power amplifier circuit can also be stabilized.
需注意的是,本发明并不限于将所提出之偏压产生电路应用于如图3所示之功率放大器电路。本发明所提出之偏压产生电路,例如,偏压产生电路100/200,也可被应用于其他功率放大器电路,用以提供对应的偏压,并利用其内部稳定的小直流电流促使功率放大器电路产生对应的镜像电流,且此镜像电流可以是相对大且稳定的直流电流。It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to applying the proposed bias generating circuit to the power amplifier circuit shown in FIG3. The bias generating circuit proposed in the present invention, for example, the bias generating circuit 100/200, can also be applied to other power amplifier circuits to provide a corresponding bias voltage and utilize its internal stable small DC current to cause the power amplifier circuit to generate a corresponding mirror current, and the mirror current can be a relatively large and stable DC current.
综上所述,本发明所提出之偏压产生电路利用两个输入信号(例如:输入电压V1_dc/V2_dc与电流I1_dc/I2_dc)产生稳定的偏压与直流电流,再将稳定的偏压提供给一功率放大器电路,借由偏压的控制可使功率放大器电路被偏压在特定类型(例如,A类、AB类或深度A(deep A)类)放大操作。此外,借由偏压的提供,功率放大器电路可镜像出精准的直流电流,有效调节功率放大器电路的功耗,并能使得通过不同芯片实作出的相同功率放大器电路可有相近的效能。In summary, the bias voltage generating circuit proposed in the present invention utilizes two input signals (e.g., input voltage V1_dc/V2_dc and current I1_dc/I2_dc) to generate a stable bias voltage and a DC current, and then provides the stable bias voltage to a power amplifier circuit. By controlling the bias voltage, the power amplifier circuit can be biased in a specific type (e.g., class A, class AB, or deep class A) amplification operation. In addition, by providing the bias voltage, the power amplifier circuit can mirror a precise DC current, effectively adjust the power consumption of the power amplifier circuit, and enable the same power amplifier circuit implemented by different chips to have similar performance.
以上所述仅为本发明之较佳实施例,凡依本发明权利要求所做之均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明之涵盖范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
【符号说明】【Explanation of symbols】
100,200:偏压产生电路100,200: Bias voltage generation circuit
110,210:第一电路子单元110, 210: first circuit subunit
120,220:第二电路子单元120, 220: Second circuit subunit
130,230:第三电路子单元130,230: third circuit subunit
300:功率放大器电路300: Power amplifier circuit
310:放大电路310: Amplifier circuit
320:匹配电路320: Matching circuit
Bias_1,Bias_2:偏压输入端Bias_1, Bias_2: Bias input terminals
I1_dc,I1’_dc,I2_dc,I2’_dc,Idn,Idp:电流I1_dc, I1’_dc, I2_dc, I2’_dc, Idn, Idp: current
Iin:输入信号Iin: input signal
IN:信号输入端IN: Signal input terminal
Io:输出信号Io: output signal
IS-1,IS-2:电流源IS-1, IS-2: Current source
N11,N12,N13,N21,N22,N23:节点N11, N12, N13, N21, N22, N23: nodes
OP11,OP12,OP21,OP22:放大器电路OP11,OP12,OP21,OP22:Amplifier circuit
T1,T11,T12,T13,T2,T21,T22,T23:晶体管T1, T11, T12, T13, T2, T21, T22, T23: Transistors
V1_dc,V1’_dc,V2_dc,V2’_dc:输入电压V1_dc, V1’_dc, V2_dc, V2’_dc: input voltage
Vdc,VGN,VGN-1,VGN-2,VGP,VGP-1,VGP-2:偏压。Vdc, VGN, VGN-1, VGN-2, VGP, VGP-1, VGP-2: bias voltage.
Claims (10)
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