CN118566761B - A battery internal resistance measurement system and method based on sine wave discharge - Google Patents
A battery internal resistance measurement system and method based on sine wave discharge Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/30—Structural combination of electric measuring instruments with basic electronic circuits, e.g. with amplifier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring internal resistance of a battery based on sine wave discharge, wherein the system comprises a microcontroller outputting an original sine signal with the frequency of 1KHZ, a constant current discharge circuit taking the original sine signal as a reference waveform to enable the discharge waveform of the battery to be measured to be sine wave, an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit amplifying an internal resistance voltage signal by a preset multiple to obtain an amplified signal, an analog multiplier multiplying the original sine signal and the amplified signal to transmit the obtained integrated signal to the microcontroller, two ends of a sampling resistor are connected with the microcontroller in a differential input mode, the microcontroller also collects a current signal passing through the sampling resistor and obtains a current amplitude of the current signal under the condition of 1KHZ, and the microcontroller also collects a voltage amplitude of a direct current component of the integrated signal and determines the internal resistance of the battery to be measured according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude under the condition of 1 KHZ. The invention can filter electromagnetic induction voltage and accurately measure and control the internal resistance of the alternating current part of the real battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a system and a method for measuring internal resistance of a battery based on sine wave discharge.
Background
Currently, many industrial sites employ rechargeable batteries as uninterruptible power supplies, which are widely used in communication, automotive, computer, power generation, and other systems. The reasonable use and maintenance of the battery, so that it is kept in a good operating state, is a key to prolong the service life of the battery to improve the reliability of the direct current system. The internal resistance of the battery is an important parameter for judging the state of a battery. Therefore, in the maintenance of the battery, it is often necessary to monitor the change in the internal resistance of the battery to determine whether the battery is good or bad.
Three methods exist for measuring the internal resistance of the battery. The first method is a direct current discharge measurement method, which comprises the steps of discharging a battery according to a direct current with a certain magnitude, measuring a direct current voltage difference between the anode and the cathode of the battery, amplifying the direct current signal by a signal processing unit, sending the amplified direct current signal to an operation unit, and calculating to obtain the internal resistance R according to a physical formula R=U/I. The second method is a direct current internal resistance pulse internal resistance measurement method, which adopts a pulse discharge mode with small current and certain frequency, removes direct current signals through a band-pass filter, then measures pulse voltage difference between the anode and the cathode of a battery, and after the pulse signals are amplified by a signal processing unit, an operation unit calculates to obtain the internal resistance R according to a physical formula R=U/I. The third method is an alternating current injection measurement method, the method regards the battery as an active resistor, a constant current with fixed frequency and constant magnitude is injected into two ends of the battery, and the voltage at two ends of the battery is sampled, so that the internal resistance of the battery is calculated.
Because signal interference and induced voltage exist in the internal resistance test process, the current measurement method cannot accurately measure and control the internal resistance of the alternating current part of the real battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system and a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement method, which can filter electromagnetic induction voltage and accurately measure and control the internal resistance of an alternating current part of a real battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention provides a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system, which comprises a microcontroller, a constant current discharge circuit, an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit, an analog multiplier, a sampling resistor and a blocking capacitor;
the microcontroller is used for outputting an original sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 1 KHZ;
the constant-current discharge circuit takes the original sinusoidal signal as a reference waveform, so that the discharge waveform of the battery to be tested is a sine wave;
The two electrodes of the battery to be tested are respectively connected with the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit through one blocking capacitor, and the internal resistance voltage signal of the battery to be tested is coupled to the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit;
The alternating current coupling amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the internal resistance voltage signal by a preset multiple to obtain an amplified signal;
The analog multiplier is used for multiplying the original sinusoidal signal and the amplified signal and transmitting an obtained integrated signal to the microcontroller, wherein the integrated signal comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component which is twice as high as the frequency of the original sinusoidal signal, and the direct current component and the alternating current component have the same frequency and have zero phase difference;
the two ends of the sampling resistor are connected with the microcontroller in a differential input mode;
the microcontroller is also used for collecting a current signal passing through the sampling resistor and obtaining a current amplitude of the current signal at 1 KHZ;
The microcontroller is also used for collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal and determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude under 1 KHZ.
In one possible implementation, collecting the current signal passing through the sampling resistor and obtaining the current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ specifically includes:
Collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and simultaneously collecting the voltage variation of two ends of the sampling resistor for each sampling point, wherein the amplitude of a current signal corresponding to each sampling point is the ratio of the voltage variation of the sampling point to the resistance value of the sampling resistor, and n is more than or equal to 8;
Taking voltage amplitude corresponding to 1KHZ after carrying out Fourier transform on the 2 n sampling points;
And obtaining the current amplitude at 1KHZ according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude corresponding to 1KHZ to the resistance value of the sampling resistor.
In one possible implementation manner, the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal is collected, specifically:
And filtering an alternating current component in the integrated signal through a low-pass filter arranged in the microcontroller to obtain a direct current component, and acquiring the voltage amplitude of the direct current component.
In one possible implementation manner, collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal specifically includes:
collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and collecting the voltage amplitude of the integrated signal for each sampling point;
And carrying out Fourier transform on the 2 n sampling points, and then taking a zero frequency amplitude value, wherein the zero frequency amplitude value is the voltage amplitude value of the direct current component.
In one possible implementation manner, the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1KHZ determine the internal resistance of the battery to be measured, specifically:
determining a target voltage amplitude according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude of the direct current component to the preset multiple;
Determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the ratio of the target voltage amplitude to the current amplitude at 1KHZ
In one possible implementation, the device further comprises a follower;
the input end of the follower is connected with the microcontroller, the output end of the follower is connected with the input end of the constant current discharge circuit and the input end of the analog multiplier, and the follower is used for improving the load capacity of the original sinusoidal signal.
In one possible implementation manner, the constant current discharge circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a MOS tube;
The non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the microcontroller and is used for accessing the original sinusoidal signal, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube;
The drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be tested, and the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the battery to be tested through the sampling resistor.
In one possible implementation, the ac-coupled amplification circuit includes an instrumentation amplifier;
the positive electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the negative electrode of the battery to be tested through one blocking capacitor, the negative electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be tested through one blocking capacitor, and the output end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the input end of the analog multiplier.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a measurement method of a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system, which is applied to the microcontroller of the sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system, and the measurement method includes:
outputting an original sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 1 KHZ;
In the process that the constant current discharge circuit takes the original sinusoidal signal as a reference waveform and controls the discharge waveform of the sinusoidal wave output by the battery to be tested, collecting a current signal passing through a sampling resistor and obtaining the current amplitude of the current signal at 1 KHZ;
The method comprises the steps of collecting the voltage amplitude of a direct current component of a comprehensive signal output by an analog multiplier, wherein the comprehensive signal is obtained by multiplying an amplified signal obtained by amplifying a preset multiple of the internal resistance voltage signal by an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit and performing multiplication operation on the amplified signal and an original sinusoidal signal in the analog multiplier;
and determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, where the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the measurement method of the battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-described measurement method of the sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system.
The internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for outputting an original sine signal with the frequency of 1KHZ through a microcontroller in actual application, enabling the discharge waveform of a battery to be measured to be sine wave through a constant current discharge circuit by taking the original sine signal as a reference waveform, enabling the phase difference between an electromagnetic induction voltage and the original sine signal to be known by the discharge waveform to be 90 degrees, coupling an internal resistance voltage signal of the battery to be measured to an amplifying circuit through a blocking capacitor so as to amplify the original sine signal by a preset multiple to obtain an amplified signal, multiplying the original sine signal and the amplified signal through an analog multiplier to obtain a comprehensive signal, and conveying the obtained comprehensive signal to the microcontroller, wherein the comprehensive signal comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component which is twice as high as the original sine signal, the frequency of the direct current component and the alternating current component is zero, acquiring the current signal through a sampling resistor in a differential sampling mode through the microcontroller, acquiring the voltage amplitude of the direct current signal under 1KHZ, measuring and controlling the voltage amplitude of the direct current component in the comprehensive signal according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current under 1KHZ of the battery, and determining that the internal resistance of the battery is in real and synchronous with the voltage detection result of the battery is detected through the microcontroller in a mode of measuring and controlling mode, and measuring the voltage of the direct current component is accurately measuring and detecting the internal resistance of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall implementation of a battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a constant current discharge circuit of a battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an ac coupling amplifying circuit of a battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of synchronous detection operation of an analog multiplier of a battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a measurement method of a battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals and description of the drawings:
11. The device comprises a microcontroller, 12 parts of constant current discharge circuits, 121 parts of operational amplifiers, 122 parts of MOS tubes, 13 parts of alternating current coupling amplifying circuits, 131 parts of instrument amplifiers, 14 parts of analog multipliers, 15 parts of sampling resistors, 16 parts of blocking capacitors, 17 parts of followers, 18 parts of batteries to be tested.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms "first" and "second" are used below for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. In addition, the use of "based on" or "according to" is intended to be open and inclusive in that a process, step, calculation, or other action "based on" or "according to" one or more of the stated conditions or values may in practice be based on additional conditions or beyond the stated values.
The embodiment of the invention provides a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system and a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement method, which can filter electromagnetic induction voltage and accurately measure and control the internal resistance of an alternating current part of a real battery.
As shown in fig. 1, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for measuring internal resistance of a battery based on sine wave discharge, which includes a microcontroller 11, a constant current discharge circuit 12, an ac coupling amplifying circuit 13, an analog multiplier 14, a sampling resistor 15, and a blocking capacitor 16.
The microcontroller 11 is used to output the original sinusoidal signal at a frequency of 1 KHZ.
The constant-current discharging circuit 12, the sampling resistor 15 and the battery 18 to be tested are connected in series to form a battery discharging loop, and the constant-current discharging circuit 12 takes an original sine signal as a reference waveform to enable the discharging waveform of the battery 18 to be tested to be a sine wave.
The two electrodes of the battery 18 to be measured are respectively connected with the AC coupling amplifying circuit 13 through a blocking capacitor 16, and the internal resistance voltage signal of the battery 18 to be measured is coupled to the AC coupling amplifying circuit 13.
The ac coupling amplifying circuit 13 is configured to amplify the internal resistance voltage signal by a preset factor to obtain an amplified signal.
The analog multiplier 14 is used to multiply the original sinusoidal signal and the amplified signal and to send the resulting integrated signal to the microcontroller 11.
The integrated signal comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component which is twice the frequency of the original sinusoidal signal, and the direct current component and the alternating current component have the same frequency and have zero phase difference.
The sampling resistor 15 is connected to the microcontroller 11 at both ends thereof in a differential input manner.
The microcontroller 11 is also used to acquire the current signal through the sampling resistor 15 and to acquire the current amplitude of the current signal at 1 KHZ.
The microcontroller 11 is further configured to collect a voltage amplitude of the dc component of the integrated signal, and determine an internal resistance of the battery 18 to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the dc component, the preset multiple, and the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
In this embodiment, the microcontroller 11 includes a digital-to-analog conversion module and an analog-to-digital conversion module, wherein the digital-to-analog conversion module is represented by a DAC in fig. 1, and the analog-to-digital conversion module includes a current acquisition portion and a voltage acquisition portion.
During the test, the digital-to-analog conversion module of the microcontroller 11 outputs an original sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 1 KHZ.
The constant current discharging circuit 12 takes an original sinusoidal signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module of the microcontroller 11 as a reference waveform, so that the discharging waveform of the battery 18 to be tested is a sinusoidal wave. In this case, since the battery 18 to be measured has the internal resistance, the discharge waveform of the battery 18 to be measured generates a minute voltage change compared with the reference waveform.
The two electrodes of the battery 18 to be tested are connected with the AC coupling amplifying circuit 13 through the blocking capacitor C1 and the blocking capacitor C2, so that the internal resistance voltage signal of the battery 18 to be tested is coupled to the AC coupling amplifying circuit 13 through the blocking capacitor C1 and the blocking capacitor C2, and the internal resistance voltage signal is amplified by G times to obtain an amplified signal.
The sampling resistor 15 is denoted by Rs in the figure, during the discharging process of the battery 18 to be tested, the magnitude of the current flowing through the sampling resistor 15 is changed, and the discharging wiring mode forms a loop with the battery 18 to be tested, so as to generate electromagnetic induction voltage. As can be seen from examining the discharge waveform of the battery 18 to be tested, the electromagnetic induction voltage is identical to the frequency of the original sinusoidal signal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees.
When the original sinusoidal signal is V1 and the amplified signal is V2, it is assumed that、。
The multiplication of the original sinusoidal signal and the amplified signal by the analog multiplier 14 yields a composite signal:。
The resulting composite signal is a sinusoidal signal with a dc offset of 2 times the original signal, i.e. the composite signal comprises a dc component and an ac component twice the original sinusoidal signal, and the dc component and the ac component have the same frequency and zero phase difference.
The analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller 11 acquires the current signal through the sampling resistor 15 in a differential sampling manner and acquires the current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ, and simultaneously, the analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller 11 acquires the voltage amplitude of the direct current component in the integrated signal. Finally, the microcontroller 11 determines the internal resistance of the battery 18 to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
In this embodiment, the sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system further includes a battery or an external power supply circuit for supplying an operating power to the microcontroller 11, the ac coupling amplification circuit 13, and the constant current discharge circuit 12.
According to the invention, synchronous detection operation is realized through the cooperation of the analog multiplier 14 and the microcontroller 11, and the influence of electromagnetic induction voltage on the battery internal resistance test result is eliminated, so that the actual internal resistance of the alternating current part of the battery is accurately measured and controlled.
Further, collecting the current signal passing through the sampling resistor 15, and obtaining the current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ specifically includes:
2 n sampling points are acquired in each sampling period, and the voltage variation of the two ends of the sampling resistor 15 is acquired simultaneously for each sampling point.
The amplitude of the current signal corresponding to each sampling point is the ratio of the voltage variation of the sampling point to the resistance value of the sampling resistor 15, and n is more than or equal to 8.
And carrying out Fourier transform on 2 n sampling points, and then taking a voltage amplitude corresponding to 1 KHZ.
And obtaining the current amplitude at 1KHZ according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude corresponding to 1KHZ to the resistance value of the sampling resistor 15.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the voltage amplitude of the dc component of the integrated signal is collected, specifically:
The ac component in the integrated signal is filtered out by a low-pass filter provided in the microcontroller 11, a dc component is obtained, and the voltage amplitude of the dc component is obtained.
In another embodiment of the present invention, collecting the voltage amplitude of the dc component of the integrated signal specifically includes:
And collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and collecting the voltage amplitude of the integrated signal for each sampling point.
And carrying out Fourier transform on 2 n sampling points and then taking a zero frequency amplitude value.
Wherein the zero frequency amplitude is the voltage amplitude of the direct current component.
Further, the voltage amplitude of the dc component, the preset multiple, and the current amplitude at 1KHZ determine the internal resistance of the battery 18 to be measured, specifically:
and determining the target voltage amplitude according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude of the direct current component to the preset multiple.
The internal resistance of the battery 18 to be measured is determined from the ratio of the target voltage amplitude to the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
That is, the internal resistance of the battery 18 to be measured is determined according to the following formula:
;
Wherein, Indicating the internal resistance of the battery 18 to be tested,Indicating the current amplitude at 1KHZ,Indicating the corresponding voltage amplitude of 1KHZ,The resistance of the sampling resistor 15 is shown,Representing the voltage amplitude of the dc component,Representing a preset multiple.
Further, in order to enhance the load capacity of the original sinusoidal signal, the sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system of the present invention further includes a follower 17.
The input end of the follower 17 is connected with the microcontroller 11, and the output end of the follower 17 is connected with the input end of the constant current discharging circuit 12 and the input end of the analog multiplier 14.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the constant current discharge circuit 12 includes an operational amplifier 121 and a MOS transistor 122.
The non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with the microcontroller 11 and is used for accessing an original sinusoidal signal, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube 122, and the output end of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube 122;
the drain electrode of the MOS tube 122 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery 18 to be tested, and the source electrode of the MOS tube 122 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery 18 to be tested through the sampling resistor 15.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the original sinusoidal signal dac_out output by the microcontroller 11 is sequentially connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 121 through a first resistor and a second resistor, one end of the first resistor connected to the second resistor is grounded through a capacitor, and one end of the second resistor connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 121 is grounded through a third resistor.
The positive electrode of the power supply of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with a 3.3V operational amplifier working voltage, which is shown as V3P3 in the figure, the access point of the 3.3V operational amplifier working voltage is grounded through two capacitors connected in parallel, and the negative electrode of the power supply of the operational amplifier 121 is grounded.
The MOS tube 122 is denoted by Q1 in the figure, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube 122 and one end of the sampling resistor 15, the output end of the operational amplifier 121 is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube 122 through a fourth resistor, and a capacitor is connected between the source electrode and the grid electrode of the MOS tube 122.
The drain of the MOS tube 122 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 18 to be tested, which is shown as VBAT+ in the figure, and the other end of the sampling resistor 15 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery 18 to be tested, which is shown as VBAT-in the figure.
In the discharging process of the battery 18 to be tested, when the voltage of the sampling resistor 15 changes, the voltage is fed back to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier 121, the difference value between the voltage and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier 121 is amplified by times, the output of the operational amplifier 121 controls the gate voltage of the MOS tube 122, the internal resistance of the MOS tube 122 is changed, and the discharging waveform of the battery 18 to be tested shows a sine wave.
Specifically, the current collection part of the analog-to-digital conversion module of the microcontroller 11 collects the voltage changes at two ends of the sampling resistor 15, and then determines the current passing through the sampling resistor 15 according to the ratio of the voltage changes to the resistance value of the sampling resistor 15. In this embodiment, the current acquisition portion acquires voltage changes at a plurality of sampling points, calculates a voltage amplitude by fourier transform, and finally determines a current amplitude by a ratio of the voltage amplitude to a resistance value of the sampling resistor 15.
As shown in fig. 3, the ac-coupled amplifying circuit 13 includes an instrumentation amplifier 131;
the positive electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier 131 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery 18 to be tested through a blocking capacitor 16, the negative electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier 131 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery 18 to be tested through a blocking capacitor 16, and the output end of the instrument amplifier 131 is connected with the input end of the analog multiplier 14.
In the present embodiment, the positive electrode of the battery 18 to be measured is represented by vbat+, the negative electrode of the battery 18 to be measured is represented by VBAT-, the 1.5V reference voltage is represented by VDD15, and the 3.3V operating voltage of the instrumentation amplifier 131 is represented by V3P 3.
The positive electrode of the battery 18 to be tested sequentially passes through a blocking capacitor C2 and a-IN pin of the instrument amplifier 131, the negative electrode of the battery 18 to be tested sequentially passes through a blocking capacitor C1 and a +IN pin of the instrument amplifier 131, one end of the blocking capacitor C2 connected with the fifth resistor is connected with 1.5V reference voltage after passing through the resistor, one end of the blocking capacitor C1 connected with the sixth resistor is connected with 1.5V reference voltage after passing through the resistor, one end of the fifth resistor connected with the-IN pin is grounded through the capacitor, one end of the sixth resistor connected with the +IN pin is grounded through the capacitor, and the-IN pin is connected with the +IN pin IN series through the capacitor. A resistor is connected in series between the two RG pins of the instrumentation amplifier 131. The +VS pin of the instrument amplifier 131 is connected to the 3.3V working voltage, the +VS pin of the instrument amplifier 131 is grounded through two capacitors connected in parallel, the REF pin of the instrument amplifier 131 is 1.5V reference voltage, and the +VS pin of the instrument amplifier 131 is grounded through two capacitors connected in parallel. The VOUT pin of the instrumentation amplifier 131 outputs an amplified signal VOUT through a resistor.
Specifically, the voltage fluctuation of the battery 18 to be measured is ac-coupled to the output terminal VOUT of the instrumentation amplifier 131 through the blocking capacitor C1 and the blocking capacitor C2, and the amplification factor of the signal is adjusted according to the amplitude of the voltage fluctuation.
As shown in fig. 4, the amplified signal output by the instrumentation amplifier 131 after being amplified by a preset multiple is multiplied by the original sinusoidal signal output by the follower 17 after being increased in output signal load capacity in the analog multiplier 14, so as to obtain a composite signal having frequency components in the form of sum frequency and difference frequency. That is, the analog multiplier 14 outputs a direct current component and an alternating current component twice the frequency of the original sinusoidal signal, the direct current component and the alternating current component being at the same frequency and having a phase difference of 0.
Specifically, in the discharging process of the battery 18 to be tested, an induced voltage signal is generated, when the constant current discharging circuit 12, the sampling resistor 15 and the battery 18 to be tested are connected in series to form the maximum loop current in the battery discharging loop, the magnetic field change is the maximum, that is, the induced voltage is the maximum, and at this time, a phase difference of 90 degrees exists between the induced voltage and the original sinusoidal signal.
In the analog multiplier 14, the formula is according to:
;
Wherein B represents the amplitude of the original sinusoidal signal, C represents the amplitude generated by the electromagnetic induction voltage, and f m represents the signal frequency of the original sinusoidal signal.
From the obtained output result of the analog multiplier 14, the integrated signal output by the analog multiplier 14 is an ac signal 2 times the original sine wave signal.
In the micro control unit, the alternating current component is filtered through a low-pass filter to obtain the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, or the voltage amplitude of the direct current component is obtained by performing Fourier transformation on a plurality of sampling points to obtain the 0-frequency signal amplitude.
As shown in fig. 5, the embodiment of the invention further provides a measurement method of the internal resistance measurement system of the battery based on sine wave discharge, the method is applied to a microcontroller of the internal resistance measurement system of the battery based on sine wave discharge, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 101, outputting an original sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 1 KHZ.
Step 102, collecting a current signal passing through a sampling resistor and obtaining a current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ in the process that the constant current discharge circuit takes an original sinusoidal signal as a reference waveform to control the discharge waveform of the sinusoidal wave output by the battery to be tested.
Step 103, collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal output by the analog multiplier.
The integrated signal is obtained by multiplying an amplified signal obtained by amplifying the internal resistance voltage signal by a preset multiple through an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit with an original sinusoidal signal in an analog multiplier.
And 104, determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, reference may be made to the corresponding process in the foregoing system embodiment for the specific working process of the above-described method, which is not described in detail herein.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a processor and a memory, and the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one section of program, a code set, or an instruction set, and the at least one instruction, the at least one section of program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by the processor to implement a measurement method of the internal resistance measurement system of a battery based on sine wave discharge in the embodiment of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set is stored, where at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a measurement method of the internal resistance measurement system for a battery based on sine wave discharge in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means from one website, computer, server, or data center. Computer readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices, such as servers, data centers, etc., that contain an integration of one or more available media. Usable media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tape), optical media (e.g., DVD), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state disk Solid STATE DISK (SSD)), among others.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The battery internal resistance measurement system based on sine wave discharge is characterized by comprising a microcontroller, a constant current discharge circuit, an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit, an analog multiplier, a sampling resistor and a blocking capacitor;
the microcontroller is used for outputting an original sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 1 KHZ;
the constant-current discharging circuit takes the original sinusoidal signal as a reference waveform to enable the discharging waveform of the battery to be tested to be a sinusoidal wave;
The two electrodes of the battery to be tested are respectively connected with the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit through one blocking capacitor, and the internal resistance voltage signal of the battery to be tested is coupled to the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit;
The alternating current coupling amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the internal resistance voltage signal by a preset multiple to obtain an amplified signal;
The analog multiplier is used for multiplying the original sinusoidal signal and the amplified signal and transmitting an obtained integrated signal to the microcontroller, wherein the integrated signal comprises a direct current component and an alternating current component which is twice as high as the frequency of the original sinusoidal signal, and the direct current component and the alternating current component have the same frequency and have zero phase difference;
the two ends of the sampling resistor are connected with the microcontroller in a differential input mode;
the microcontroller is also used for collecting a current signal passing through the sampling resistor and obtaining a current amplitude of the current signal at 1 KHZ;
the microcontroller is also used for collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal, determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1KHZ, and determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the following formula:
;
Wherein, Represents the internal resistance of the battery to be measured,Indicating the current amplitude at 1KHZ,Indicating the corresponding voltage amplitude of 1KHZ,The resistance value of the sampling resistor is indicated,Representing the voltage amplitude of the dc component,Representing a preset multiple;
collecting a current signal passing through the sampling resistor, and acquiring a current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
Collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and simultaneously collecting the voltage variation of two ends of the sampling resistor for each sampling point, wherein the amplitude of a current signal corresponding to each sampling point is the ratio of the voltage variation of the sampling point to the resistance value of the sampling resistor, and n is more than or equal to 8;
Taking voltage amplitude corresponding to 1KHZ after carrying out Fourier transform on the 2 n sampling points;
Obtaining a current amplitude value under 1KHZ according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude value corresponding to the 1KHZ to the resistance value of the sampling resistor;
The voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal is collected, specifically:
Filtering an alternating current component in the integrated signal through a low-pass filter arranged in the microcontroller to obtain a direct current component, and acquiring a voltage amplitude of the direct current component;
the method for collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and collecting the voltage amplitude of the integrated signal for each sampling point;
Taking a zero frequency amplitude value after carrying out Fourier transformation on the 2 n sampling points, wherein the zero frequency amplitude value is the voltage amplitude value of the direct current component;
The alternating current coupling amplifying circuit comprises an instrument amplifier;
the positive electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the negative electrode of the battery to be tested through one blocking capacitor, the negative electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be tested through one blocking capacitor, and the output end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the input end of the analog multiplier.
2. The sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1KHZ determine the internal resistance of the battery to be measured, specifically:
determining a target voltage amplitude according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude of the direct current component to the preset multiple;
And determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the ratio of the target voltage amplitude to the current amplitude at 1 KHZ.
3. The sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising a follower;
the input end of the follower is connected with the microcontroller, the output end of the follower is connected with the input end of the constant current discharge circuit and the input end of the analog multiplier, and the follower is used for improving the load capacity of the original sinusoidal signal.
4. The sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the constant current discharge circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a MOS tube;
The non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the microcontroller and is used for accessing the original sinusoidal signal, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube;
The drain electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be tested, and the source electrode of the MOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the battery to be tested through the sampling resistor.
5. A measurement method of a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system, characterized by being applied to the micro controller of a sine wave discharge-based battery internal resistance measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
outputting an original sinusoidal signal with the frequency of 1 KHZ;
In the process that the constant current discharge circuit takes the original sinusoidal signal as a reference waveform and controls the discharge waveform of the sinusoidal wave output by the battery to be tested, collecting a current signal passing through a sampling resistor and obtaining the current amplitude of the current signal at 1 KHZ;
The method comprises the steps of collecting voltage amplitude of direct current component of an integrated signal output by an analog multiplier, amplifying the integrated signal by an internal resistance voltage signal through an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit to obtain an amplified signal with preset times, multiplying the amplified signal with an original sinusoidal signal in the analog multiplier, wherein the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit comprises an instrument amplifier, the positive electrode of a signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the negative electrode of a battery to be tested through a blocking capacitor, the negative electrode of the signal input end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the positive electrode of the battery to be tested through the blocking capacitor, and the output end of the instrument amplifier is connected with the input end of the analog multiplier;
Determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the voltage amplitude of the direct current component, the preset multiple and the current amplitude at 1KHZ, and determining the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the following formula:
;
Wherein, Represents the internal resistance of the battery to be measured,Indicating the current amplitude at 1KHZ,Indicating the corresponding voltage amplitude of 1KHZ,The resistance value of the sampling resistor is indicated,Representing the voltage amplitude of the dc component,Representing a preset multiple;
collecting a current signal passing through a sampling resistor, and obtaining a current amplitude of the current signal at 1KHZ, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and simultaneously collecting the voltage variation of two ends of the sampling resistor for each sampling point, wherein the amplitude of a current signal corresponding to each sampling point is the ratio of the voltage variation of the sampling point to the resistance value of the sampling resistor, and n is more than or equal to 8;
Taking voltage amplitude corresponding to 1KHZ after carrying out Fourier transform on the 2 n sampling points;
Obtaining a current amplitude value under 1KHZ according to the ratio of the voltage amplitude value corresponding to the 1KHZ to the resistance value of the sampling resistor;
The voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal is collected, specifically:
Filtering an alternating current component in the integrated signal through a low-pass filter arranged in the microcontroller to obtain a direct current component, and acquiring a voltage amplitude of the direct current component;
the method for collecting the voltage amplitude of the direct current component of the integrated signal specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting 2 n sampling points in each sampling period, and collecting the voltage amplitude of the integrated signal for each sampling point;
And carrying out Fourier transform on the 2 n sampling points, and then taking a zero frequency amplitude value, wherein the zero frequency amplitude value is the voltage amplitude value of the direct current component.
6. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method of measuring the internal resistance of a battery based on sine wave discharge of claim 5.
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Application publication date: 20240830 Assignee: Nanjing Huasu Digital Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Hangzhou HuaSu Technology Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980042752 Denomination of invention: A battery internal resistance measurement system and method based on sine wave discharge Granted publication date: 20241224 License type: Common License Record date: 20250102 |